Catalogue of Chrysomelini Species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
NEW LATE EOCENE CHRYSOMELIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) from BALTIC, ROVNO and DANISH AMBERS by KONSTANTIN S
[Papers in Palaeontology, Vol. 2, Part 1, 2016, pp. 117–137] NEW LATE EOCENE CHRYSOMELIDAE (INSECTA: COLEOPTERA) FROM BALTIC, ROVNO AND DANISH AMBERS by KONSTANTIN S. NADEIN1, EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY1 and ALEXEY G. MOSEYKO2 1Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, B. Khmelnitsky 15, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2Laboratory of Insect Systematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] Typescript received 17 June 2015; accepted in revised form 25 September 2015 Abstract: New fossil taxa of Chrysomelidae are represented by four species of extant ‘Holarctic’ (temper- described: from Baltic amber, Succinispa stainesi Nadein ate) genera in contrast to one species of a Recent ‘tropi- gen. et. sp. nov. (Cassidinae: Oposispini); from Danish cal’ genus. Faunal composition of leaf beetles of late (Scandinavian) amber, Psyllototus viking Nadein sp. nov. Eocene succinites supports the opinion of Archibald and (Galerucinae: Alticini), Calomicroides danicus Nadein Farrell (2003) that arthropods with different climatic pref- gen. et sp. nov. (Galerucinae: Galerucini: Luperina), erences preserved in Baltic amber were able to co-exist Paleomolpus hirtus Nadein gen. et sp. nov. (Eumolpinae: under an extinct equable climate with temperate summers Eumolpini); from Rovno amber (Ukraine, Klesov), Archeal- and mild winters. tica convexa Nadein gen. et sp. nov. (Galerucinae: Alticini), Taphioporus rovnoi Moseyko and Perkovsky sp. nov. Key words: Chrysomelidae, Rovno amber, Danish amber, (Eumolpinae: Euryopini). Leaf beetles in succinites are Baltic amber, palaeoclimate. T HE family Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles) is one of the Baltic amber collection of the Palaeontological Institute of most species-rich groups of phytophagous Coleoptera and the Russian Academy of Sciences (PIN). -
Overcoming the Challenges of Tamarix Management with Diorhabda Carinulata Through the Identification and Application of Semioche
OVERCOMING THE CHALLENGES OF TAMARIX MANAGEMENT WITH DIORHABDA CARINULATA THROUGH THE IDENTIFICATION AND APPLICATION OF SEMIOCHEMICALS by Alexander Michael Gaffke A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ecology and Environmental Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana May 2018 ©COPYRIGHT by Alexander Michael Gaffke 2018 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This project would not have been possible without the unconditional support of my family, Mike, Shelly, and Tony Gaffke. I must thank Dr. Roxie Sporleder for opening my world to the joy of reading. Thanks must also be shared with Dr. Allard Cossé, Dr. Robert Bartelt, Dr. Bruce Zilkowshi, Dr. Richard Petroski, Dr. C. Jack Deloach, Dr. Tom Dudley, and Dr. Dan Bean whose previous work with Tamarix and Diorhabda carinulata set the foundations for this research. I must express my sincerest gratitude to my Advisor Dr. David Weaver, and my committee: Dr. Sharlene Sing, Dr. Bob Peterson and Dr. Dan Bean for their guidance throughout this project. To Megan Hofland and Norma Irish, thanks for keeping me sane. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1 Tamarix ............................................................................................................................1 Taxonomy ................................................................................................................1 Introduction -
AEXT Ucsu2062256012007.Pdf (677.1Kb)
I N S E C T S E R I E S HOME & GARDEN Japanese Beetle no. 5.601 by W. Cranshaw1 The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, can be a very damaging insect in both the adult and larval stages. Larvae Quick Facts... chew roots of turfgrasses and it is the most important white grub pest of turfgrass in much of the northeastern quadrant Adult Japanese beetles cause of the United States. Adults also cause serious injury to leaves and serious injuries as they feed on the leaves flowers of many ornamentals, and flowers of many ornamentals, fruits, fruits, and vegetables. Among and vegetables. Among the plants most Figure 1. Japanese beetle. Photo the plants most commonly commonly damaged are rose, grape, courtesy of David Cappaert. damaged are rose, grape, crabapple, and beans. crabapple, and beans. Japanese beetle is also a regulated insect subject to internal quarantines in the United States. The presence of established Japanese beetle populations There are many insects in in Colorado restricts trade. Nursery products originating from Japanese beetle- Colorado that may be mistaken infested states require special treatment or are outright banned from shipment to for Japanese beetle. areas where this insect does not occur. To identify Japanese beetle Current Distribution of the Japanese Beetle consider differences in size, From its original introduction in New Jersey in 1919, Japanese beetle has shape and patterning. greatly expanded its range. It is now generally distributed throughout the country, excluding the extreme southeast. It is also found in parts of Ontario, Canada. Japanese beetle is most commonly transported to new locations with soil surrounding nursery plants. -
Agenţia Judeţeană Pentru Plăţi Şi Inspecţie Socială SATU MARE RAPORT PRIVIND ALOCAŢIA DE STAT PENTRU COPII Luna De
Agenţia Judeţeană pentru Plăţi şi Inspecţie Socială SATU MARE RAPORT PRIVIND ALOCAŢIA DE STAT PENTRU COPII Luna de raportare: 11/2019 Suma totală platită pentru drepturile Localitate Beneficiari plătiţi curente (lei) ACAS 732 123600 AGRIS 370 60000 ANDRID 608 100350 APA 540 91350 ARDUD 1406 231750 BARSAU 369 61950 BATARCI 536 88650 BELTIUG 645 105300 BERVENI 600 99300 BIXAD 675 107850 BOGDAND 412 66600 BOTIZ 667 113100 CALINESTI-OAS 563 89550 CAMARZANA 171 26400 CAMIN 224 37650 CAPLENI 486 80850 CAREI 3212 533700 CAUAS 479 79350 CEHAL 221 36150 CERTEZE 529 82350 CIUMESTI 194 32100 CRAIDOROLT 497 82500 CRUCISOR 435 73200 CULCIU 718 121050 DOBA 570 93900 DOROLT 918 153300 FOIENI 286 47550 GHERTA MICA 581 92100 HALMEU 845 137400 HODOD 614 100200 HOMOROADE 317 51750 1 Suma totală platită pentru drepturile Localitate Beneficiari plătiţi curente (lei) LAZURI 1093 180750 LIVADA 1364 220350 MEDIESU AURIT 1192 198300 MICULA 739 120150 MOFTIN 869 144450 NEGRESTI-OAS 2114 342000 ODOREU 1099 185700 ORASU NOU 541 88350 PAULESTI 1203 201900 PETRESTI 242 39750 PIR 299 48750 PISCOLT 610 101100 POMI 384 65100 PORUMBESTI 501 82050 RACSA 269 42750 SACASENI 266 43950 SANISLAU 685 116850 SANTAU 536 89850 SATU MARE 16616 2749800 SAUCA 442 72150 SOCOND 962 164100 SUPUR 775 128550 TARNA MARE 593 95850 TARSOLT 239 37500 TASNAD 1532 253650 TEREBESTI 485 80400 TIREAM 463 76500 TURT 1231 198600 TURULUNG 746 122400 URZICENI 200 32550 VALEA VINULUI 290 47400 VAMA 616 102000 VETIS 1047 174300 VIILE SATU MARE 732 119700 Total 60395 9968400 2 Agenţia Judeţeană pentru -
FIT Count Insect Guide
Flower-Insect Timed Count: insect groups identification guide This guide has been developed to support the Flower-Insect Timed Count survey (FIT Count) that forms part of the UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS). Who is organising this project? The FIT Count is part of the Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS) within the UK Pollinator Monitoring and Research Partnership, co-ordinated by the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH). It is jointly funded by Defra, the Welsh and Scottish Governments, JNCC and project partners, including CEH, the Bumblebee Conservation Trust, Butterfly Conservation, British Trust for Ornithology, Hymettus, the University of Reading and University of Leeds. PoMS aims to provide much-needed data on the state of the UK’s insect pollinators, especially wild bees and hoverflies, and the role they fulfil in supporting farming and wildlife. For further information about PoMS go to: www.ceh.ac.uk/pollinator-monitoring Defra project BE0125/ NEC06214: Establishing a UK Pollinator Monitoring and Research Partnership This document should be cited as: UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme. 2019. Flower-Insect Timed Count: insect groups identification guide. Version 4. CEH Wallingford. Bee or wasp (Hymenoptera)? – 1 Honey Bee (family Apidae, species Apis mellifera) A social wasp (family Vespidae, genus Vespula) Photo © Bob Peterson/Wikimedia Commons Photo © Trounce/Wikimedia Commons most bees are more hairy than wasps at rest, wings are rolled up for some wasps (not all) Pollinator Monitoring Scheme: FIT Count FIT Scheme: Monitoring -
Data on Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera: Chrysomeloidea) from Bucureªti and Surroundings
Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle © Novembre Vol. LI pp. 387–416 «Grigore Antipa» 2008 DATA ON CERAMBYCIDAE AND CHRYSOMELIDAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELOIDEA) FROM BUCUREªTI AND SURROUNDINGS RODICA SERAFIM, SANDA MAICAN Abstract. The paper presents a synthesis of the data refering to the presence of cerambycids and chrysomelids species of Bucharest and its surroundings, basing on bibliographical sources and the study of the collection material. A number of 365 species of superfamily Chrysomeloidea (140 cerambycids and 225 chrysomelids species), belonging to 125 genera of 16 subfamilies are listed. The species Chlorophorus herbstii, Clytus lama, Cortodera femorata, Phytoecia caerulea, Lema cyanella, Chrysolina varians, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllotreta undulata, Cassida prasina and Cassida vittata are reported for the first time in this area. Résumé. Ce travail présente une synthèse des données concernant la présence des espèces de cerambycides et de chrysomelides de Bucarest et de ses environs, la base en étant les sources bibliographiques ainsi que l’étude du matériel existant dans les collections du musée. La liste comprend 365 espèces appartenant à la supra-famille des Chrysomeloidea (140 espèces de cerambycides et 225 espèces de chrysomelides), encadrées en 125 genres et 16 sous-familles. Les espèces Chlorophorus herbstii, Clytus lama, Cortodera femorata, Phytoecia caerulea, Lema cyanella, Chrysolina varians, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllotreta undulata, Cassida prasina et Cassida vittata sont mentionnées pour la première fois dans cette zone Key words: Coleoptera, Chrysomeloidea, Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae, Bucureºti (Bucharest) and surrounding areas. INTRODUCTION Data on the distribution of the cerambycids and chrysomelids species in Bucureºti (Bucharest) and the surrounding areas were published beginning with the end of the 19th century by: Jaquet (1898 a, b, 1899 a, b, 1900 a, b, 1901, 1902), Montandon (1880, 1906, 1908), Hurmuzachi (1901, 1902, 1904), Fleck (1905 a, b), Manolache (1930), Panin (1941, 1944), Eliescu et al. -
Satumare.Pdf
39DILúDUHMXGHĠ Proces-verbal din data 24.05.2016SULYLQGGHVHPQDUHDSUHúHGLQĠLORUELURXULORUHOHFWRUDOHDOHVHFĠLLORUGHYRWDUH constituite pentru alegerile locale din anul 2016úLDORFĠLLWRULORUDFHVWRUD &LUFXPVFULSĠLD(OHFWRUDOă-XGHĠHDQăQU32, SATU MARE ,QL܊LDOD Nr. crt. UAT 1U6HF܊LH ,QVWLWX܊LD )XQF܊LD Nume Prenume $GUHVă WDWăOXL GRADINITA CU PROGRAM PRELUNGIT SATU MARE, MUNICIPIUL SATU 1 MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE 1 "DRAGA MEA" 3UH܈HGLQWH COZA IOANA G MARE (GRADINITA "DRAGA MEA"( GRADINITA CU PROGRAM PRELUNGIT SATU MARE, MUNICIPIUL SATU 2 MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE 1 "DRAGA MEA" /RF܊LLWRU NEIMET MAGDALENA-MARIA I MARE (GRADINITA "DRAGA MEA"( GRADINITA CU PROGRAM PRELUNGIT SATU MARE, MUNICIPIUL SATU 3 MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE 2 "DRAGA MEA" 3UH܈HGLQWH HUSAR MARIANA-ILEANA A MARE (GRADINITA "DRAGA MEA"( GRADINITA CU PROGRAM PRELUNGIT SATU MARE, MUNICIPIUL SATU 4 MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE 2 "DRAGA MEA" /RF܊LLWRU %8&85(ù7($1 LOREDANA-NARCISA M MARE (GRADINITA "DRAGA MEA"( $62&,$ğ,$&$5,7$6 SATU MARE CANTRUL SATU MARE, MUNICIPIUL SATU 5 MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE 3 3UH܈HGLQWH OSTATE MIRCEA-GHEORGHE G SOCIAL DESCHIS LA MARE CASA PRIETENIEI $62&,$ğ,$&$5,7$6 SATU MARE CANTRUL SATU MARE, MUNICIPIUL SATU 6 MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE 3 /RF܊LLWRU OSTATE CLAUDIA-DORINA M SOCIAL DESCHIS LA MARE CASA PRIETENIEI 1/55 39DILúDUHMXGHĠ ,QL܊LDOD Nr. crt. UAT 1U6HF܊LH ,QVWLWX܊LD )XQF܊LD Nume Prenume $GUHVă WDWăOXL ܇&2$/$*,01$=,$/Ă³ ,21&5($1*Ă´ ù&&8 SATU MARE, MUNICIPIUL SATU 7 MUNICIPIUL SATU MARE 4 3UH܈HGLQWH DURKOVICS TATIANA I CLS.I-VIII³,21&5($1*Ă MARE ´ ܇&2$/$*,01$=,$/Ă³ ,21&5($1*Ă´ ù&&8 SATU MARE, -
Final Report 1
Sand pit for Biodiversity at Cep II quarry Researcher: Klára Řehounková Research group: Petr Bogusch, David Boukal, Milan Boukal, Lukáš Čížek, František Grycz, Petr Hesoun, Kamila Lencová, Anna Lepšová, Jan Máca, Pavel Marhoul, Klára Řehounková, Jiří Řehounek, Lenka Schmidtmayerová, Robert Tropek Březen – září 2012 Abstract We compared the effect of restoration status (technical reclamation, spontaneous succession, disturbed succession) on the communities of vascular plants and assemblages of arthropods in CEP II sand pit (T řebo ňsko region, SW part of the Czech Republic) to evaluate their biodiversity and conservation potential. We also studied the experimental restoration of psammophytic grasslands to compare the impact of two near-natural restoration methods (spontaneous and assisted succession) to establishment of target species. The sand pit comprises stages of 2 to 30 years since site abandonment with moisture gradient from wet to dry habitats. In all studied groups, i.e. vascular pants and arthropods, open spontaneously revegetated sites continuously disturbed by intensive recreation activities hosted the largest proportion of target and endangered species which occurred less in the more closed spontaneously revegetated sites and which were nearly absent in technically reclaimed sites. Out results provide clear evidence that the mosaics of spontaneously established forests habitats and open sand habitats are the most valuable stands from the conservation point of view. It has been documented that no expensive technical reclamations are needed to restore post-mining sites which can serve as secondary habitats for many endangered and declining species. The experimental restoration of rare and endangered plant communities seems to be efficient and promising method for a future large-scale restoration projects in abandoned sand pits. -
Stable Isotope Methods in Biological and Ecological Studies of Arthropods
eea_572.fm Page 3 Tuesday, June 12, 2007 4:17 PM DOI: 10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00572.x Blackwell Publishing Ltd MINI REVIEW Stable isotope methods in biological and ecological studies of arthropods CORE Rebecca Hood-Nowotny1* & Bart G. J. Knols1,2 Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Wageningen University & Research Publications 1International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Agency’s Laboratories Seibersdorf, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria, 2Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands Accepted: 13 February 2007 Key words: marking, labelling, enrichment, natural abundance, resource turnover, 13-carbon, 15-nitrogen, 18-oxygen, deuterium, mass spectrometry Abstract This is an eclectic review and analysis of contemporary and promising stable isotope methodologies to study the biology and ecology of arthropods. It is augmented with literature from other disciplines, indicative of the potential for knowledge transfer. It is demonstrated that stable isotopes can be used to understand fundamental processes in the biology and ecology of arthropods, which range from nutrition and resource allocation to dispersal, food-web structure, predation, etc. It is concluded that falling costs and reduced complexity of isotope analysis, besides the emergence of new analytical methods, are likely to improve access to isotope technology for arthropod studies still further. Stable isotopes pose no environmental threat and do not change the chemistry or biology of the target organism or system. These therefore represent ideal tracers for field and ecophysiological studies, thereby avoiding reductionist experimentation and encouraging more holistic approaches. Con- sidering (i) the ease with which insects and other arthropods can be marked, (ii) minimal impact of the label on their behaviour, physiology, and ecology, and (iii) environmental safety, we advocate more widespread application of stable isotope technology in arthropod studies and present a variety of potential uses. -
Lista Unităţilor Scolare Din Judeţul Giurgiu Si Circumscriptiile Arondate
LISTA UNIT ĂŢ ILOR SCOLARE DIN JUDE ŢUL GIURGIU SI CIRCUMSCRIPTIILE ARONDATE PENTRU RECENSAMANTUL COPIILOR IN VEDEREA INSCRIERII IN CLASA PREGATITOARE/CLASA I Pentru anul şcolar 2012/2013 Nr. Localitatea Denumire scoala Cicumscriptii recensamant crt. Com./ oras 1. Adunatii Sc.I-VIII Ad.Copaceni* Comuna Aduna ţii Cop ăceni, Sat Mogo şeşti Sat Varlaam Copaceni Sc.I-VIII Darasti Sat D ărăş ti, comuna Aduna ţii Cop ăceni, 2. Baneasa Sc.I-VIII Baneasa* Comuna B ăneasa, Sc.I-IV Frasinu Sat Frasinu, comuna B ăneasa, Sc.I-IV Meletie Sat Meletie, comuna B ăneasa, Sc.I-VIII Pietrele Sat Pietrele, comuna B ăneasa, Grad.Sf. Gheorghe Sat Sf. Gheorghe, comuna B ăneasa, Sc.I-IV Baneasa Comuna B ăneasa, 3. Bolintin Sc.I-VIII Bolintin Deal* Comuna Bolintin Deal, Deal Sc.I-VIII Mihai Voda Sat Mihai Vod ă, comuna Bolintin Deal, 4. Bolintin Sc.I-VIII Bolintin Vale* Ora ş Bolintin Vale, Vale Sc.I-VIII Malu Spart Sat Malu Spart, Sc.I-IV Suseni Sat Suseni 5. Buturugeni Sc.I-VIII Buturugeni* Comuna Buturugeni, Sc.I-VIII Padureni Sat P ădureni, comuna Buturugeni, Sc.I-IV Prisiceni Sat Prisiceni, comuna Buturugeni, Sc.I-IV Posta Sat Po şta, comuna Buturugeni, 6. Bucsani Sc.I-VIII Bucsani* Comuna Buc şani, Sc.I-VIII Vadu Lat Sat Vadu Lat, comuna Buc şani, Sc.I-IV Uiesti Sat Uie şti, comuna Buc şani, Sc.I-IV Podisor Sat Podi şor, comuna Buc şani, Sc.I-IV Goleasca Sat Goleasca, comuna Buc şani, 7. Bulbucata Sc.I-VIII Bulbucata* Comuna Bulbucata, 8. -
Chrysomela 43.10-8-04
CHRYSOMELA newsletter Dedicated to information about the Chrysomelidae Report No. 43.2 July 2004 INSIDE THIS ISSUE Fabreries in Fabreland 2- Editor’s Page St. Leon, France 2- In Memoriam—RP 3- In Memoriam—JAW 5- Remembering John Wilcox Statue of 6- Defensive Strategies of two J. H. Fabre Cassidine Larvae. in the garden 7- New Zealand Chrysomelidae of the Fabre 9- Collecting in Sholas Forests Museum, St. 10- Fun With Flea Beetle Feces Leons, France 11- Whither South African Cassidinae Research? 12- Indian Cassidinae Revisited 14- Neochlamisus—Cryptic Speciation? 16- In Memoriam—JGE 16- 17- Fabreries in Fabreland 18- The Duckett Update 18- Chrysomelidists at ESA: 2003 & 2004 Meetings 19- Recent Chrysomelid Literature 21- Email Address List 23- ICE—Phytophaga Symposium 23- Chrysomela Questionnaire See Story page 17 Research Activities and Interests Johan Stenberg (Umeå Univer- Duane McKenna (Harvard Univer- Eduard Petitpierre (Palma de sity, Sweden) Currently working on sity, USA) Currently studying phyloge- Mallorca, Spain) Interested in the cy- coevolutionary interactions between ny, ecological specialization, population togenetics, cytotaxonomy and chromo- the monophagous leaf beetles, Altica structure, and speciation in the genus somal evolution of Palearctic leaf beetles engstroemi and Galerucella tenella, and Cephaloleia. Needs Arescini and especially of chrysomelines. Would like their common host plant Filipendula Cephaloleini in ethanol, especially from to borrow or exchange specimens from ulmaria (meadow sweet) in a Swedish N. Central America and S. America. Western Palearctic areas. Archipelago. Amanda Evans (Harvard University, Maria Lourdes Chamorro-Lacayo Stefano Zoia (Milan, Italy) Inter- USA) Currently working on a phylogeny (University of Minnesota, USA) Cur- ested in Old World Eumolpinae and of Leptinotarsa to study host use evolu- rently a graduate student working on Mediterranean Chrysomelidae (except tion. -
Poplars and Willows: Trees for Society and the Environment / Edited by J.G
Poplars and Willows Trees for Society and the Environment This volume is respectfully dedicated to the memory of Victor Steenackers. Vic, as he was known to his friends, was born in Weelde, Belgium, in 1928. His life was devoted to his family – his wife, Joanna, his 9 children and his 23 grandchildren. His career was devoted to the study and improve- ment of poplars, particularly through poplar breeding. As Director of the Poplar Research Institute at Geraardsbergen, Belgium, he pursued a lifelong scientific interest in poplars and encouraged others to share his passion. As a member of the Executive Committee of the International Poplar Commission for many years, and as its Chair from 1988 to 2000, he was a much-loved mentor and powerful advocate, spreading scientific knowledge of poplars and willows worldwide throughout the many member countries of the IPC. This book is in many ways part of the legacy of Vic Steenackers, many of its contributing authors having learned from his guidance and dedication. Vic Steenackers passed away at Aalst, Belgium, in August 2010, but his work is carried on by others, including mem- bers of his family. Poplars and Willows Trees for Society and the Environment Edited by J.G. Isebrands Environmental Forestry Consultants LLC, New London, Wisconsin, USA and J. Richardson Poplar Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Published by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and CABI CABI is a trading name of CAB International CABI CABI Nosworthy Way 38 Chauncey Street Wallingford Suite 1002 Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Boston, MA 02111 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 800 552 3083 (toll free) Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Tel: +1 (0)617 395 4051 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi.org © FAO, 2014 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product.