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Zur Biogeographie Der Europäischen Oberkreide-Bryozoenfauna 317-347 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, 317 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Zitteliana - Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Histor. Geologie Jahr/Year: 1982 Band/Volume: 10 Autor(en)/Author(s): Voigt Ehrhard Artikel/Article: Zur Biogeographie der europäischen Oberkreide-Bryozoenfauna 317-347 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 317 Zitteliana 10 3 17-347 München, 1. Juli 1983 ISSN 3373 - 9627 Zur Biogeographie der europäischen Oberkreide-Bryozoenfauna Von EHRHARD VOIGT'; Mit 3 Abbildungen, 3 Tafeln und 1 Tabelle KÜRZ! ASSUNG Es wird erstmals der Versuch unternommen, die Bryozo- Das an den Südbereich nördlich angrenzende Schreibkrei­ enfauna der europäischen Oberkreide daraufhin zu überprü­ de-Areal des englisch-französischen Kreidebeckens und des fen, ob auch bei ihr, ebenso wie bei anderen Fossilgruppen, norddeutsch-dänisch-baltischen Gebietes mitsamt seiner eine klimatisch motivierte Differenzierung Ln méridionale Flachwasser-Randfazies in Westfalen, im subherzynen Bek- „südliche“ ,,Tethys“-Formen und mehr „boreale“ bzw. ken und in Schonen beherbergt demgegenüber sehr viele aus „nördliche“ Faunenelemente im mittel- oder nordeuropäi­ dem Südbereich nicht bekannte Genera und Spezies. schen Bereich festzustellen ist. Auf Grund dieser sehr markanten Faunenunterschiede Die Untersuchung ergab, daß sich zwischen dem tethy- werden daher charakteristische, meist erekte Bryozoen vor­ disch faunistisch stark beeinflußten aquitanischen Becken in erst als „N ord“- und „Süd“-Arten bezeichnet und zum Teil Südfrankreich und dem heute von ihm getrennten SW-Zipfel abgebildet, (darunter auch eine Anzahl Originale vond ’O r- des Pariser Beckens (Touraine, Dép. Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et­ BiGNY und G oldfuss). Ihre Zahl könnte erheblich vermehrt Cher) einerseits und dem übrigen Pariser Becken andererseits werden. Die große Menge inkrustierender und sonstiger eine auch faziell bedingte, wenn auch während der verschie­ merkmalsarmer Arten sowie neue Taxa, mußten ebenso wie denen Kreidestufen fluktuierende Faunenscheide befindet. die Fauna der mediterran beeinflußten sächsisch-böhmischen Diese trennt einen nördlichen von einem südlich davon gele­ Kreide noch unberücksichtigt bleiben. Die Obermaastrich- genen Bereich, der über das alpidisch gefaltete Gebiet der ei­ tium-Faunen des Cotentin (Manche) und der holländischen gentlichen Tethys weiter nach Norden hinausreicht und der Maastrichter Tuffkreide werden hinsichtlich ihrer Herkunft auch sonst durch das Vorkommen südlicher Faunenelemente (Einwanderung, z. T. von S oder vom Atlantik oder ende­ (Großforaminiferen, Rudisten, Korallen) charakterisiert ist. misch) diskutiert. Auf die Tethys beschränkte Bryozoenfaunen sind selten, Neu aufgestellt wird das Cheilostomata-Genus H eteroco- meist schlecht erhalten und daher wenig bekannt (Coniacium nopeum , das von Mittelfrankreich bis nach Tunis und Nigeria von Villamartin, Maastrichtium von Olazagutia in der südli­ verbreitet ist. chen Pyrenäenkreide neben der altbekannten, aber wenig ty­ pischen ostalpinen Gosau-Fauna und kleinen Faunen im nordafrikanischen Mediterrangebiet). ABSTRACT For the first time, an attempt is made to investigate the Eu­ fluenced by the Tethys, and the southwest comer of the Pa­ ropean Upper Cretaceous bryozoan fauna as to whether there ris-basin (Touraine, Dép. Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher), a fa­ exists a difference between meridional Tethys-forms and “bo­ cies-conditioned boundary exists, which fluctuated consider­ real” or rather middle- to north European taxa as known from ably during Upper Cretaceous stages. This boundary separa­ other faunal elements. There is evidence that, at least, two tes the southern area, which extends much to the north of the marked provinces may be distinguished. Between the Aquit- Alpine orogenetic belt and includes the Aquitaine- and the anian basin in South France, the fauna of which is highly in- Provence-basins and the southwestern border of the Paris-ba­ sin, from the nonhem “ boreal” or middle European region. Bryozoan faunas confined to the Tethys realm proper are *) E. Voigt, Geologisch-Paläomologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 55, D-2C00 Ham­ rare, mostly badly preserved and little known (Coniacian of burg 13. Vtllamartin, Maastrichtian of Olazagutia in the southern Py- 318 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at reneans, in addition to the rather atypical Gosau-bryozoan strated on pis. 1-5, among which several holotypes of » ’Or fauna within the East-Alps, known for a long time as well as bignt and G oldrjss are figured. Their number could be aug­ the smaller faunas in the Mediterranean belt of North Africa mented considerably. The great majority of incrusting and and Asia). other forms lacking characteristic criteria and all the new spe­ In the white-chalk region including the Anglo-Parisian ba­ cies could not be considered as well. The fauna of the Saxo- sin and the adjoining chalk area of North Germany, Denmark nian-Bohemian Cretaceous showing much Tethydian influ­ and the Baltic region, with their marginal facies in Westfalia, ence, is also excluded. The Upper Maastrichtian fauna of the in the subhercynian basin and in South Scandinavia, many ge­ Cotentin (Manche) and the Dutch Maastrichtian chalk tuff are nera and species have lived, not recorded within the southern discussed with regard to their origin (immigration from the area. Based upon these very significant faunal diversity, a con­ south, the Atlantic or via endemism). siderable number of characteristic erect bryozoans are preli­ The new cheilostomatous genus Heteroconopeum is esta­ minarily elected as “North” and “South” species and are illu­ blished. INHALT 1. Einführung ....................................................................................................................................................318 2. Biogeographischc Provinzen in der europäischen Oberkreide ............................................................319 2.1 Der nördliche Bereich.................................................................................................................................. 320 2.2 Der südliche Bereich.................................................................................................................................... 322 3. Kriterien zur Unterscheidung von „Nord“-und ,,Süd“-A rten..........................................................323 4. Die biogeographische Verbreitung der Bryozoen in der Oberkreide.................................................324 4.1 Cenomanium................................................................................................................................................. 324 4.2 Turonium........................................................................................................................................................326 4.3 Coniacium..................................................................................................................................................... 326 4.4 Santonium..................................................................................................................................................... 327 4.5 Campanium................................................................................................................................................... 329 4.6 Maastrichtium...............................................................................................................................................330 5. Rückblick........................................................................................................................................................332 6. Anhang............................................................................................................................................................333 Heteroconopeurn n.g.................................................................................................................................... 333 7. Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................................................................. 334 1. EINFÜHRUNG Die Bryozoenfaunen der oberen Kreide sind auf der Erde Wenn hier erstmalig ein solcher Versuch unternommen sehr ungleichmäßig verteilt; die weitaus größte Zahl aller be­ wird, so besteht kein Zweifel darüber, daß künftige Arbeiten kannten Taxa stammt aus den kretazischen Schelfmeeren im die hier vorgelegten Ergebnisse, besonders im Hinblick auf Norden der Tethys. Demgegenüber haben die übrigen Kon­ die noch weitgehend unbearbeiteten und z. T. gewiß noch tinente nur sehr wenig Bryozoenfaunen geliefert. unentdeckten Tethysbryozoenfaunen, modifizieren werden. Angesichts des überaus reichen aus Europa vorliegenden Um den zahllosen nicht nur in der älteren Literatur vor­ Materials erhebt sich die Frage, ob und wie weit die Bryozoen handenen Irrtümern aus dem Wege zu gehen, beruhen die ebenso wie die Foraminiferen, Korallen, Lamellibranchiaten, hier gemachten Angaben sowohl fast ausschließlich auf eige­ Gastropoden und Ammoniten der Oberkreide eine klima­ nen Aufsammlungen und Art-Identifizierungen als auch auf tisch bedingte, unterschiedliche biogeographische Verbrei­ der Kontrolle und auf photographischen Aufnahmen sämtli­ tung erkennen lassen, d. h., ob auch hier „boreale“ , bezie­
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