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Limenitis Camilla (Linnaeus, 1764) Limenitinae Le Petit Sylvain

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Limenitis Camilla (Linnaeus, 1764) Limenitinae Le Petit Sylvain Famille Nymphalidae Sous-famille Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764) Limenitinae le Petit Sylvain Statut Ce papillon est encore commun en Bourgogne et en Franche-Comté, avec des densités cependant bien moindres que dans les années 1980. RE UGAN CR Denis J EN VU NT LC Bourgogne Franche-Comté DD NA NE Europe – LC France – LC Mâle (Haute-Saône, 2011). Écologie et biologie postérieures. Les franges, blanches, sont Atteintes et menaces entrecoupées de brun au niveau des ner- Le Petit Sylvain est une espèce mé- La monoculture résineuse, la cir- vures. En vol, le risque de confusion avec sophile, affectionnant les milieux relati- culation automobile et l’entretien trop Limenitis reducta est réel. Ce dernier est vement frais et boisés : lisières, allées et systématique des lisières et des allées plus foncé, pourvu d’un éclat métallique clairières des forêts humides en vallées forestières ne sont certainement pas bleuté, et présente un gros point blanc alluviales, mais aussi chênaies pubes- les seules causes de sa raréfaction. Il dans la cellule des antérieures. Au repos, centes sur plateaux calcaires. Sa pré- convient d’ajouter le broyage des sous- la différence est évidente. sence requiert une structure forestière bois qui détruit toutes les essences non offrant des espaces suffi samment déga- Distribution productives, y compris les Chèvrefeuilles gés et ensoleillés où il peut se chauffer nourriciers, et les infl uences du change- ailes ouvertes et descendre au sol pour Espèce eurasiatique encore bien ment climatique, notamment dans les se désaltérer. Par certaines journées répandue et commune en France, sauf forêts les plus xérothermiques. chaudes, de nombreux individus peuvent dans quelques départements de la ré- Difficulté de se rassembler dans un rayon de soleil, gion méditerranéenne. Orientations de gestion et détermination autour d’une fl aque ou de déjections ani- En Franche-Comté, le Petit Sylvain mesures conservatoires males. Son vol est typiquement plané, est encore abondant dans la plupart des Afi n de garantir la pérennité des aussi bien au ras du sol qu’à la cime des stations fraîches et forestières de Haute- populations sur les secteurs boisés feuillus. Les adultes butinent volontiers Saône et du Territoire de Belfort. Il est favorables, il importe par exemple de les Ronces, les Berces et les Eupatoires. cependant en déclin dans nombre de renoncer au goudronnage des allées stations boisées plus xérothermiques du La chenille vit sur le Chèvrefeuille forestières et d’y appliquer une fauche Jura. des haies (ou Camérisier à balais, Loni- tardive. cera xylosteum) et sur le Chèvrefeuille Même constat en Bourgogne, où des bois (L. periclymenum), rongeant l’espèce commence à régresser sur les la feuille à partir de la pointe tout en en plateaux calcaires de l’Yonne et de la respectant la nervure principale. Comme Côte-d’Or. celles de tous les Sylvains, elle confec- tionne au deuxième stade une loge dans Phénologie une feuille enroulée (hibernarium) qui Espèce univoltine, paraissant en lui permet de passer l’hiver jusqu’à la une longue génération s’étendant de la Diagramme feuillaison. mi-juin à la fi n juillet. Quelques émer- écologique gences très tardives après la mi-août Description et risques de (souvent des femelles) peuvent laisser 4 Chaud 3 confusion envisager l’existence d’une deuxième 2 Limenitis camilla présente un des- génération partielle. 1 sus brun sombre, presque noir chez les Dates extrêmes : 17 mai – 16 sep- Humide Sec individus fraîchement éclos, et traversé tembre (9 octobre 2006 !). par une large bande blanche. Le revers, brun roussâtre, est orné des mêmes des- Froid sins que sur le dessus, et porte deux ran- gées de points noirs antémarginaux aux 320 Rev. sci. Bourgogne-Nature - Hors-série 13-2013 UGAN ARADAN Denis J Jean-François M Chenille sur Lonicera xylosteum (Doubs, 2010). ARADAN Jean-François M Accouplement, mâle en bas (Haute-Saône, 2009). Chrysalide (Doubs, 2010). 240 9000 n = 1361 ARADAN 220 7500 OINOT 200 180 6000 Claude V 160 Jean-François M 140 120 4500 100 80 3000 60 40 1500 20 Hibernarium (Côte-d’Or, 2010). Imago (Doubs, 2009). 0 12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152 Janv. Févr. Mars Avr. Mai Juin Juil. Août Sept. Oct. Nov. Déc. Phénologie de Limenitis camilla. avant 1970 1970 - 1999 2000 - 2011 Distribution de Limenitis camilla en Bourgogne et Franche-Comté. Atlas des papillons de jour de Bourgogne et de Franche-Comté (Rhopalocères et Zygènes) 321.
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