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Figure 1. William Ives Bench at Park in .

157 Figure 2. Portion of the journal of the Surveyor General of regarding "Accounts".

158 Upon reaching the El Dorado of the West, Mr. Abbot engaged in mining at Placerville, continuing there and at Mud Springs and Georgetown for several years. In 1857 he sent for his wife and child, who came out via Biographies the Panama route and joined him at The collected biographies of Georgetown. In 1860 he quit mining, having then only barely enough funds with the surveyors associated with which to move his family and effects to Land Office, 1851- Olympia, Washington, where he again 1910. engaged in printing, finding employment in the office of the Washington Standard. In the fall of 1860 he pre-empted a farm seven It takes more than a good resume to get a miles south of town, improved the same and government contract. moved his family to it. Here he followed agricultural pursuits and at intervals was engaged in the publishing business. In partnership with John R. Watson, he bought Lewis G. Abbott the office of the old & Democrat, the first paper published in the then (1829-1902) Territory, which they changed to the Tribune. They also bought the old Ramage From: “An Illustrated History of the wooden press, the first printing press State of Washington”i, 1893 brought to the northwest coast. This press they removed to and there started the ewis G. Abbott, a resident of Olympia, Gazette, the pioneer paper of that city. LWashington, was born near Detroit, Randall H. Hewitt subsequently bought the , in , 1829, son of Samuel Watson interest in the Tribune, and the firm H and Therese (Beaufait) Abbott, also of Abbott & Hewitt continued three years, natives of that State. At the age of eleven when Mr. Abbott sold out. He was also years young Abbot entered a printing office interested in publishing the Commercial to learn the trade of printer, remaining three Age, and, in partnership with C. B. Bagley, years. Then, with the death of his mother, established the Echo, which they conducted he left home and went to Mackinac, and in about two years. Mr. Abbott then sold out the of 1847 went to the Superior and retired to his farm, which, by country, where he engaged in copper subsequent purchase, he had increased to mining. In 1818 he returned to Coldwater, 480 acres. He cleared 100 acres, and Branch County, Michigan, and in 1850 was devoted his whole time and attention to married to Miss Irene Janes, a native of New farming and stock-raising until 1882, when, York. Mr. Abbott was then engaged in giving the management of the ranch over farming until the spring of 1854, when, with into his son's hands, he came to Olympia a party of men, he started for , and opened a grocery store, continuing the making the journey with ox teams and same until the spring of 1889. enduring many hardships. Their gave Mrs. Abbott departed this life in 1887, out at Mormon Station, and from that place leaving two children: Amelia T., wife of they packed their effects to Placerville.

152 Joseph Chilberg, and William J., who is territory. He was honored in politics, engaged in farming. serving one term as county treasurer, and In 1889, after an absence of thirty-five was also honored by Harmony Lodge, being years, Mr. Abbott made his first visit to the appointed as Junior Deacon in 1871, Senior scenes of his childhood, meeting brothers Steward in 1898,1899, and 1900, Secretary and sisters who seemed little less than in 1901 and Senior Steward in 1902. Died strangers. He was married that autumn, at Feb. 7,1902. Coldwater, Michigan, to Mrs. Helen N. (Harmon) Nye, and with her returned to Olympia. Upon his return to this city, Mr. Abbott Charles McKay engaged in real-estate speculations. Ile still owns valuable property, both improved and Anderson (1858-….) unimproved, in the city and vicinity. In 1891 he bought his present residence, it being the old homestead of the C. P. Hale donation claim, pleasantly located on the water front on the East Side. From: “An Illustrated History of Socially, Mr. Abbott affiliates with the F. the State of Washington,”i 1893. & A. M. He served one term as County Treasurer. Such is a brief sketch of one of the worthy HARLES M. ANDERSON, one of the citizens of Olympia—a man well known and Cactive young business men of Seattle, highly respected for his many estimable was born in Lexington, , January 3, qualities. 1868, the eldest son of Prof. Alexander J. and Maria L. (Phelps) Anderson. The From:harmonyfreemason.blogspot.com/2 education of our subject, with the exception 004/12/harmony-lodge-18-history.html” of two years, was pursued in institutions of learning under the direct management of his rother Lewis G. Abbott, of our father, and, being a boy of more than natural Bpresent Tyler, Wm. J. (Bill) Abbott, brightness, his progress was very rapid. His was born in February, 1829, near Detroit, studies were completed at the Pacific Michigan. He learned the printer's trade and University, at Forest Grove, Washington. married in 1850. In 1854 he, with a party of During his summer vacations, and when men, left for California, making the trip by opportunity offered, he took up the practical ox team. He engaged in mining at duties of civil engineering. Placerville and George Town. In 1857 he Completing his studies in 1874, Mr. sent for his wife and child, they joining him Anderson followed clerking in Portland and at Georgetown. In 1860 the family moved steamboating on the Willamette and to Olympia, Washington, where Bro. Abbott rivers until January 1, 1878. He worked as a printer on the Washington then came to Seattle, as instructor in Standard. He pre-empted a farm seven mathematics at the University of miles south of Olympia which he improved. Washington, and also to establish and build In connection with his farming activities he a commercial department at the University. identified himself with the publication of After three and a half years in this some of the early newspapers of the occupation, he opened an office in Seattle, engaged in surveying in a general line of

153 city and county work, and was also Deputy Mineral Surveyor. Mr. Anderson has ever since continued in this From: “Washington West of the , Volume 3.”ii 1917 line of work, with the exception of two winters spent in Walla Walla, while relieving his brothers in their work. One of harles M. Anderson has left the those seasons was passed in the bank, and Cimpress of his individuality upon the the other infilling the chair of mathematics history of business and railway development in . Our subject served in Seattle and the northwest. Imbued at the one term as Surveyor of King County, and outset of his career with firm purpose and has established for himself the reputation of laudable ambition, he has so directed his careful and accurate workmanship, and, efforts as to take advantage of all the although now not as active in the line of opportunities which have come to him, and engineering as formerly, is frequently called while promoting individual success, he has upon where the work requires close contributed to Public prosperity by reason of calculation. the nature of his activities. He may be Of late years he has been more termed a captain of industry, for he particularly engaged in the buying, selling represents that class who are capable of and handling of real estate, mining interests marshaling the forces of trade and and loan investment business. In military commerce and directing them for the benefit matters Mr. Anderson has been especially of the majority. active. His military education was received Mr. Anderson was born at Lexington, in Portland, from General Howard's staff Illinois, January 3, 1858, a son of professor officers. After coming to this city he Alexander Tay Anderson, notable as one of worked up a battalion at the University, of the prominent educators of the northwest, which he was elected commander. He was who was born November 6, 1832, while his one of the organizers of the Seattle Rifles, parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Anderson, and took an active part in the Chinese riots both natives of Scotland, were temporarily of 1886. During the period of martial law, residing at Grey Abbey, near Belfast, he was stationed at the front door of the Ireland, where the father was executing a courthouse, and controlled all exits and building contract. When a youth of entries. He was appointed Assistant seventeen years the father had come to Adjutant General, with rank of Major, on the America and after acquiring citizenship had staff of General O'Brien, and became returned to Scotland, where his marriage organizing officer of eastern Washington, occurred. Five years later he once more organizing the Second Regiment, N. G. W. made his way to the United States and He was elected Colonel, and became the established his home in , on the first commanding Colonel of Washington, banks of the St. Lawrence. While engaged his commission preceding that of the in the work of felling a tree he was Colonel of the First Regiment. Mr. accidentally killed, and later his widow Anderson resigned from this office when he removed with her little children to Lockport, returned to Seattle. Illinois. Alexander Jay was but six months He was married in this city, September 19, old when his parents sailed for the new 1889, to Miss Laura B. McPherson, a native world. of Canada. They have one child, Mary Because of the father's early death and the Isabella. straitened circumstances of the mother, he

154 had but limited opportunities in his youth. principal took charge of , He was ambitious, however, to secure a an endowed Congregational institution at good education and used every opportunity Forest Grove, , and the preparatory to further his knowledge. He could not department of the . He attend school regularly, for from an early spent a year there as professor of age he had to depend upon his own mathematics and four years as principal, and resources for a livelihood and at times he the usual result of upbuilding the institution would be forced to put aside his text-books followed his efforts. in order to work in the store, the printing He then removed to Portland, Oregon, office or in the schoolroom as teacher. At where for two years he was principal of the all times, however, he held to his purpose of Central school and for one year principal of acquiring education and in 1856 was the high school. At the end of that time he graduated from Knox College at Galesburg, received a call from the university of the Illinois. Already his business training had territory of Washington, which had been brought to him valuable experience and it struggling for an existence through a number was characteristic of him that he learned of years. After several failures, attempts from each experience the life lesson which it were made to conduct it as a private school, contained. He entered upon the work of but its doors had been closed for some time teaching at Lisbon, Illinois, afterward when Professor Anderson took charge in assisted in the publication of an educational 1871. At first he and his wife were the only work in Chicago and later was a teacher in teachers but subsequently they called their Lexington, Illinois. His ability in that field son, Charles M. Anderson, to their aid and was pronounced and he displayed special after strenuous efforts the was aptitude in building up institutions which prevailed upon to give assistance to the seemed to have almost reached the point of work of resuscitating this institution. An disintegration. Several times he took hold of annual appropriation of two thousand schools which were in a most run-down dollars, extending for two years, was granted condition and his control as well with a promise that by the 1st of March as his ability to impart instruction turned the there should be in attendance thirty free tide and made the school a success. When scholars to be appointed by members of the in 1861 he took charge of the Fowler legislature. This involved hardships in the Institute at Newark, Illinois, it had but. six attempt to revive the institution but pupils, but after six years under his direction Professor Anderson met the conditions. the school enrolled three hundred pupils. After two years the legislature made no Professor Anderson heard the call of the further appropriation, but a public-spirited west and he felt it his duty to aid in the citizen, Henry Villard, came to the rescue educational development of the new and gave individually the sum previously country. To do this required considerable donated by the legislature. Professor personal sacrifice, for he had to abandon a Anderson was working untiringly and position paying eighteen hundred dollars a succeeded in raising the work of the school year, with a promised increase of two to the regular collegiate standard. The old hundred dollars annually if he would saying that nothing succeeds like success remain, and accept a salary in the west of was then demonstrated, for the legislature but twelve hundred dollars. In 1869, upon came to the front with assistance and the the completion of the Central Pacific school numbered among its pupils those Railroad, he carried out his intention and as from all sections of the state and from

155 Oregon as well. Normal and business devoting the succeeding three and one-half classes were graduated in 1880 and college years to that work. He then went to Walla classes in 1881 and 1882. At the end of the Walla to become the successor of his brother school year of 1882 Professor Anderson as assistant teacher in Whitman College but resigned, having in the meantime built up after a year he returned to Seattle, where he the institution until there was an enrollment had previously opened an office for the of more than three hundred pupils. transaction of business connected with He was then called to Whitman Seminary engineering. One of his first important in 1882 and had the name changed to contracts was in connection with the first Whitman College. The freshman class of plant of the city water-works, known as the that year constituted the first graduating Yesler system, and later he installed the class of 1886. Such was the success of his McNaught and Jones systems. He served labors that in the second year a large also as county engineer and extended the building was erected and the charter was streetcar line from Columbia to Renton. He amended, whereby the scope, facilities and laid out at least one-fourth of Seattle, made opportunities of the school were greatly the first mineral survey in Washington and increased. The attendance grew rapidly and subdivided many sections of King County, there was large demand made for the particularly in the vicinity of Seattle. The graduates of the school. For nine years Moore Investment Company made him its Professor Anderson controlled the activities engineer and among the works of his hand is and directed the policy of Whitman College the topographical map of Capitol Hill. In and then retired after thirty-five years of 1884 he organized the Anderson most active and strenuous connection with Engineering Company, which was educational work. Who can estimate the incorporated eight years later. He has done value of his service in the up-building and considerable work for the state on the tide revival of new and old institutions sending flat lands and served as land surveyor under their graduates out into every walk of life, contract with the national government. He well trained and with high ideals? Professor has done expert work in for various Anderson has indeed left the impress of his companies and his engineering skill was individuality for good upon the history of employed in determining the route of the the state. Alaska Central Railroad Company, of which In the fall of 1850, Professor Anderson he was appointed chief engineer upon its wedded Miss Louisa M. Phelps, who was organization in 1902. born on the shores of Lake Chautauqua, On the 19th of September, 1889, was New York, and is a representative of an old celebrated the marriage of Mr. Anderson family of English lineage. and Miss Laura McPherson, a daughter of They became the parents of six children. William A. McPherson, a merchant of The eldest, Charles M. Anderson, early Seattle. Their children are Mary, Isabella, turned to the field of activity which he has Lizzie Ferry, Laura Marjorie and Chester made his life work. He was but twelve years McPherson. of age when he began studying engineering Mr. Anderson votes with the Republican and a year later he became connected with a party and is much interested in its-success railroad company, working through the and the adoption of its principles, although summer months when not in school. In he never seeks nor desires office. To January, 1878, he took up the profession of promote its interests, however, he has teaching as assistant to his father in Seattle, frequently been a delegate to county and

156 state conventions. He is well known in William Andrews was born in the State of connection with the military history of in 1804, and about 1825 Washington, having organized a battalion removed to County, where he among the university students soon after his followed the trade of brick mason during the arrival in Seattle. He also aided in summer and in winter attended to the duties organizing the Seattle Rifles, a company of the farm. He married, in Ontario County, which served at the time of the Chinese in January, 1828, Miss Hannah Pierson, also riots. He was on the military board when a native of New York. In 1833 they moved the National Guard of Washington was to Lenawee County, Michigan, locating near organized and became colonel of the Second Adrian, and there Mr. Andrews farmed and Regiment of the State Guard. He organized worked at his trade. Lyman B. secured his a regiment of eight companies in eastern primary education in the common schools of Washington and became colonel of that Adrian, and subsequently attended the command. Four of these companies academy there. afterward served in the . Coming At the age of sixteen years the subject of to the northwest in the period of early our sketch began work in the foundry and manhood, Charles M. Anderson has made his life work of great benefit to his adopted state. He has held to high professional ideals which have found exemplification in his career as the years have gone by, and he stands today as one of the leading civil and consulting engineers of the northwest.

Lyman T. B. Andrews (1829- )

From: “History of the State of Washingtoni”:

Lyman B. Andrews, one of the representative citizens of Seattle, Washington, dates his birth in Ontario County, New York, February 10, 1829. He traces his ancestry back to John and Mary Andrews, who emigrated from the north of England to the colonies about 1640, and settled in Connecticut. Their descendants have mainly followed in that line of occupation, although William

Andrews, the father of our subject, was a Figure 3 Lyman T. B. Andrews in 1891 House of mechanic. Representatives Photo.

157 machine shop in Adrian, and in 1847 was obliged to give up manual labor, and in employed on the Michigan Central, and later 1865, through the instrumentality of friends, the Michigan Southern, during the he was appointed Clerk of the United States construction of that road to Chicago. He was District Court, and held that office for ten a general utility man, and, being competent years, it, by increased business, becoming in every department, was employed in the very lucrative. While occupying that shop or as engineer upon the road, as position, and having a fair understanding of necessity or circumstances required. In laws governing United States lands, he 1854 he went to and took up and worked up a considerable business as improved a farm, and at intervals taught attorney for settlers. With his school until 1859. In 1859, in company with accumulated savings he began dealing in his parents and his family (he having been city real estate, and after his retirement from married several years), he went to New office continued in that line of business. York, and in May of that year embarked, via Mr. Andrews has been quite active in the the Panama route, for California. Upon their political arena. He has served as Justice of arrival in the Golden State, they located at the Peace and as Police Judge. In 1865 he Napa, where the family resided, while Mr. was elected to the Territorial Legislature by Andrews returned to his trade, finding the Republican Party: in 1868 was elected employment as a machinist in the shops of Chief Clerk of the House: in 1872 he was a . delegate from to the In the fall of 1860 he came to Seattle, and, National Republican Party Convention at bringing with him a good supply of tools, Philadelphia, and was there chosen as a opened a small repair shop for general light member of the National Republican work and trading with the Indians. During Committee for four years; in 1878 he was a the summers of 1862 and 1863 he was member of the Constitutional Convention engaged in the Government surveys, and held at Walla Walla; in 1890 was elected to from his knowledge of geology he the State Legislature; in 1888 he was concluded there must be coal deposits in the prominently connected with the Harrison country. He then began prospecting in that Legion, and in 1889 was elected president of direction, and in 1863 discovered what is that body which office he still holds. Mr. now known as the Gilman mine. By Andrews was one of the original homestead claim and purchase he secured stockholders of the Merchant’s National 400 acres of land in that vicinity, and at once Bank, and of the Seattle & Walla Walla developed his mine. The first “lead” Railroad Company, serving as director for showed a vein of sixteen feet between floor many years. and roof. This is still known as the Andrews He was married in 1849 in Oneida vein. His discovery led others to County, New York, to Miss Lydia J. prospecting, which developed the New Rowley, a native of that county, and they Castle and other claims. The difficulties of have four children, namely: William R. an mining and expense of transportation being attorney at Snohomish; Evangeline, wife of so great, the mine was not operated R. Hopkins; Judge Rowley, a prominent continuously, and was sold in 1886 to the business man and financier of Seattle; and Seattle Coal and Company. Lyman Ralph, a civil engineer. For upward In 1864 Mr. Andrews sold his shop, in of twenty years Mr. Andrews resided on the view of settling on his ranch; but, on corner of Fourth and Madison streets, in account of a painful accident, he was Seattle. He still owns that property, but in

158 1890 built a handsome residence upon the vicinity, but could not contract for it “Queen Anne Hill,” commanding a beautiful himself, limited by some quota, and view of the city, Sound and mountain arranged for someone else to take the scenery. After a busy and eventful life, Mr. contact in their name. Another possibility is Andrews is now surrounded by every home that Andrews actually did the work, made comfort and enjoys the admiration and errors, and the Surveyor General made him respect of a large circle of acquaintances.” hire a competent compassman to complete and correct the job. There was no record of any surveying by Andrews either before or after this contract By Jerry Olson: except for the mention of his employment as a “railroad engineer and machinist” back The very short and possible nonexistent east. survey career of Lyman Andrews began with the signing of General Land Office Contract number 66 and the Special Instructions dated September 4, 1862 by Homer Daniel Surveyor General Anson Henry. Andrews was a Republican as was Henry. The work Angell (1875-1968) started only 5 days later and was finished on October 3, 1862. There is a letter from the From: Wikipedia: Surveyor General in the Bellingham Archives talking about an error in dates in A ngell was born on a farm near The the notes. Contract 66 consisted of the Dalles, Oregon in 1875. He received his partial exteriors and subdivisions of undergraduate T23,24N R3E, W.M., not including Vashon degree from the Island, totaling about 40 miles of line and University of meanders. It included West Seattle, Alki Oregon in 1900 Point, the shore of Admiralty Inlet, and and his law extended South to Burien. degree from Deputy Surveyor Edwin Richardson had Columbia just finished his first contract (number 58) University in by surveying the exteriors of T24N R4E, the 1903, after abutting township to the east. Richardson which he was listed as the compassman for all of returned to Andrews work and notarized all of the Portland to begin assistant’s oaths. The next year Richardson his law practice. received a contract to survey the He was subdivisions of T22N R4E, which was Figure 4.. Homer D. Angell elected to the nearby. Andrews did not assist in either of from 1935 campaign card. Oregon House of Richardson’s surveys. Representatives It was common for a Deputy Surveyor in 1929, 1931, under contract to hire a “compassman” to and 1935 and the Oregon State in execute the work, either exclusively or in 1937. He resigned in 1938 to run for the partnership with the Deputy. Also, United States House of Representatives, Richardson may have wanted more work in representing Oregon’s 3rd congressional

159 district. Angell was Washington he resigned this position in elected and served eight favor of his deputy, who still fills the office. terms. In 1954, Angell Before being elected to his present office, was defeated for the Mr. Ashley served as City Engineer. His Republican nomination term as County Surveyor will expire January by future Tom 1, 1893. McCall. Angell retired Mr. Ashley has invested largely in real from politics and returned to Portland, estate in both Washington and . His where he remained active in the community pretty home in Spokane is valued at about until his death in 1968. $3,000. He is thoroughly posted in every department of his profession, and is a quiet, affable and pleasant gentleman. Among the members of his profession he ranks high, John Kossuth and is regarded with esteem by all who know him. Politically he is a Republican. Ashley (1853-1926) In 1892 he served as chairman of the Spokane County Republican Committee. He is a Templar having his From: “An Illustrated History of the membership with No. 5. State of Washington”i Mr. Ashley is a man of family. In 1879 he married the oldest daughter of Arternas OHN K. Ashley, County Surveyor, Carter, of Chicago, Illinois. She died at JSpokane, Washington, was born in Denver in 1885, leaving two children, Helen Washington county, , in 1853, son of and John K. In 1888 he married Miss William and Mary J. (Muhinix) Ashley. His Lillian Hodder, at , Massachusetts. father was a native of Portsmouth, Ohio, Her father is president of the American and, was by profession a civil engineer. The Promoting Company at that place, and is a Ashleys were many of them prominent men. prominent man in the Unitarian Church. James M. Ashley represented the Tenth Mr. Ashley is a member of the Unitarian Ohio Congressional District, and moved the Church. impeachment of President Andrew Johnson; was afterward Territorial Governor of , serving from 1869 to 1871. The subject of our sketch was the oldest in Charles H. Ballard a family of six children, and received his early education in the public schools of (1858-1937) Denver, . He took a college course at Antioch, Ohio, where he graduated in (No Permission for this Biography) 1876 with the degree of A. B. Returning to From: “Boom Town Tales and Historic Denver, he was employed as civil engineer People”iii, by Keith Whiting. until 1886, when he came to Spokane. While in Colorado he served as a member of Thirty-two miles northwest of Winthrop, the State Legislature during the years of Washington, in the valley of Mill Creek, 3 1884 and 1885. He was elected County miles northwest of the Cascade Divide is the Surveyor of Arapahoe County, receiving skeleton remains of the Azurite Mine. This 8,000 out of 12,000 votes. On coming to legendary mine was the scene of activity

160 which commenced in 1915, gradually assayer. In the next few years he laid out building to a peak between 1936 and 1939, the townsites of Ruby, Conconully, and then fading into oblivion. Chelan, surveyed mineral claims, assayed, It is difficult to imagine a more and besides all that, served as probate judge. unfavorable setting for mining than the Later on, in 1898, Ballard, as manager of the Mammoth Mine in Slate Creek, surveyed and built a narrow road over Harts Pass (elevation 6,197 feet), opened the mine, built a small steam powered stamp mill, and shipped the gold produced from the mine, via the wagon road and steamboat down the , until the mine closed in 1901. He then followed mining in and during 1904-1906, went to Alaska in 1911, where he was assayer for banks and the U.S. Assay Office. Ballard returned to Washington in 1915 and in that and the following year he, with his brother, Hazard Ballard, and C.R. McClean, prospected in the Mill Creek Valley and staked 31 claims. These claims covered several veins, which are visible on the precipitous slopes and cliffs on the West Side of Mill Creek. The property got its name "The Azurite" from the azure blue mineral, a carbonate of copper, which could be seen in the vein at surface. Ballard formed the Azurite Copper Co. of in 1918, with financial support coming from the east. That summer, using hand tools, the Ballards drove a short adit, the Discovery Tunnel (elevation 5,080 feet), to expose the Azurite vein beneath a Figure 5. Charles H. Ballard promising surface exposure. Supplies for this work were freighted 24 miles to the Azurite . The rugged alpine terrain prospect by from , a makes access very difficult and the tributary of the Methow River. combination of terrain and heavy snowfall In June of that year, H.A. Guess, vice- results in snowslides, which pour down president of American Smelting and almost every small gully with great Refining Co., learned about the property frequency throughout the winter season. through one of the eastern backers of the Charles H. Ballard, through whose Azurite Copper Co. Guess then wrote to perseverance, the Azurite mine became a Preston Locke, an engineer for A.S. and R. producer, was no newcomer to northern in Spokane, requesting him to examine the Washington. He came to the Okanogan prospect. In his letter Guess advised Locke district from , Montana, in 1886 as a that he (Guess) had known Charles Ballard civil engineer, U.S. mineral surveyor, and

161 in 1896, when Ballard was a mineral per ton. During the following winter, the surveyor. Locke examined the property in Tinson Tunnel, 200 feet lower than the August and reported that "transportation Discovery Tunnel, was driven several difficulties are prohibitive." That fall the hundred feet along the vein. Ballards were nearly trapped at the mine due In March 1930 the company contacted to an early snowfall in October. But on the with the Mace Smelter Co. of Denver to trip out Ballard brought with him the first purchase a smelter that would treat 30 tons production from the property in the form of of ore per day. This smelter was designed to a small bar of gold which he had obtained collect the gold, silver and copper in an iron by grinding ore removed from the Discovery matte which could then be shipped to a Tunnel, in a small arrastre and recovering conventional smelter for further treatment. the gold by the cyanide process. During the summer of 1930, the company During the next seven years a small camp improved 17 miles of the old narrow-gauge was built. Trenches and pits were blasted to road from Lost River over Harts Pass to better expose some of the veins. In addition, Carlson Cabin on Slate Creek (elevation the Burnam Tunnel was driven 70 feet along 3,850 feet), and also constructed 11 miles of the Azurite vein, its portal being 100 feet narrow-gauge road from Carlson Cabin over lower than the Discovery Tunnel. Cady Pass (elevation 5,980 feet) to the mine In April of 1925 the company was site. The use of this narrow road was reorganized as the Azurite Gold Co., and restricted to small crawler tractors with capital needed for further work was raised attached crawler trailers and, to Ford trucks by sale of stock. Charles Ballard was equipped with special lower gears and a president. His brother, Arthur, was wheel gauge cut down to 45 inches. This secretary. By October 1929 an air new road reduced the freight costs to about compressor, mining equipment, food, fuel $20 per ton but, due to long, snowy winters, and other needed supplies had been either the road was passable only five or six packed or laboriously dragged by horses months a year. over the 24 mile at a cost of over $100 The Tinson Tunnel continued to advance, exposing additional ore, so Ballard elected to drive the Wenatchee Tunnel to explore the vein about 500 feet lower than the Tinson Tunnel. The Wenatchee portal was to be located near the camp, a site relatively safe from snow slides. It was estimated that this tunnel would have to be driven about 1,300 feet to reach the vein. In 1931 the Wenatchee Tunnel was started and was advanced about 80 feet towards its objective. The Tinson Tunnel was also advanced to a point 1,100 feet from its portal and a raise was driven on the vein

Figure 6 Closely flanked by snowslide chutes is the from the Tinson to the Discovery Tunnel. Azurite Mine mill building as it looked in 1936. The Mace smelter was built that year. Structures shown, from bottom of photo, are: During 1932, some ore was removed from catwalk across , office, fuel tanks, mill and tramway terminal to which 800-pound buckets of the Tinson Tunnel and was treated in the ore came from portal to left of camera viewpoint. Mace smelter. In 1933 15 tons of matte was

162 shipped to the Tacoma smelter. This APTAIN WILLIAM R. BALLARD, shipment contained $2,344 in gold, $8 in Cpresident of the Seattle Savings Bank, silver and $29 in copper. and prominently connected with other In the fall of 1933, American Smelting financial institutions of Seattle, was born in and Refining Co. reappeared on the scene in Richland county, Ohio, August 12, 1847. the person of Louis A. Levensaler, a His father, Dr. Levi W. Ballard, a native consulting engineer, who made a brief of , was educated in New examination of the mine and relayed his England and from there removed to Ohio, favorable conclusions to ASARCO. where he followed his profession and where Negotiations between Ballard of Azurite and he was married to Miss Phoebe McConnell, H.A. Guess of ASARCO resulted in an of that State. Mrs. Ballard died in 1848, agreement January 2, 1934, on a 25-year leaving two children, Irving and William R, lease on 36 lode claims and six mill sites. It who were taken and cared for by their called for a $10,000 down payment to grandparents. In 1851 Dr. Ballard crossed Azurite Gold Co. and a 50-50 sharing of net the plains to California, mined one year and profits after ASARCO had recovered its pre- then returned to Ohio. In 1853 he again production investment. The responsibility crossed the plains, this time coming to of conducting subsequent work was Oregon and locating at Portland, where he assigned to Federal Mining and Smelting engaged in the practice of his profession Co., Wallace, Idaho, a subsidiary of until the fall of 1855. The following winter ASARCO. H.C. Washburn was the general he was in the Indian war, acting as surgeon manager of Federal. in the Valley. In 1856 he In early June of 1934, an advance party returned east, and in the spring of 1857 was consisting of a geologist, an engineer and a married, in , to Miss May cook went on horseback to the property to Condit. His children then joined him and begin detailed examination. The chief of the they started for the Pacific coast, embarking party, J.E. Berg, and another engineer from New York on the old steamer Northern followed them, as soon as the road was Light for Aspinwall, thence by the Isthmus passable. The examination involved to Panama, where they took passage on the surveying, sampling, geological appraisal Brother Jonathan, landing in Portland in and preparation of an inventory of the March, 1857. Azurite Company's supplies, equipment and Dr. Ballard located a farm near Roseburg, buildings. Oregon, where he was engaged in (continued….) agricultural pursuits and also in the practice Ed. Note. ASARCO never did recover its of his profession up to 1861. Then he preproduction costs. moved to Wilbur, Oregon, to give his children the educational advantages of Umpqua College. In 1865 he moved to the Sound country and purchased 160 acres of William Rankin land, on a portion of which he laid off the town of Slaughter in 1887, and there he still Ballard (1847-1929) resides. William R. Ballard was educated in the public schools of Roseburg, and at the From: “An Illustrated History Umpqua College, where he completed an of the State of Washington,”i academic course. Removing with his 1893. parents to the Sound country, he then spent

163 three years at home, rendering his strength in the reclamation of a farm in the midst of a wild and undeveloped country. In 1868 be entered the University of Washington and passed one year in study, and then began teaching school in King, and later Pierce and Thurston counties. Evincing a natural aptness for mathematics, his attention was turned to surveying, which he followed during the summer of 1873 in Pierce county, and, becoming so proficient in that line of work, he secured a contract in 1874 to survey the Yakima . Upon completing, his work, some complication arose in regard to the payment therefore, necessitating his going to Washington, District Columbia, in 1875, where he passed the winter in securing a settlement.

Figure 7 William Rankin Ballard

1887, when he sold out. He had conducted a large and profitable business, and through the judicious investment of his profits he laid the foundation of his handsome fortune. One of the most fortunate investments Captain Ballard made was in 1883, when he associated himself with Judge Thomas Burke and John Leary in the purchase of 700 acres of land bordering on Bay, upon which is now located that prosperous suburb of Seattle known as Ballard. In 1877 they organized the Improvement Figure 8 William R. Ballard. (Image courtesy of MOHAI) Company, Captain Ballard becoming vice president and manager, and they began Returning to Seattle, he then accepted the clearing the above tract, and in 1880 placed position of mate on the steamer Zephyr, it upon the market, with the town site platted owned by his brother, and engaged in the and subdivided. Through the judicious passenger service between Seattle and subsidizing of manufactories and milling Olympia. In the fall of 1877 he was made interests, they have established a prosperous captain of the vessel, in 1881 became part manufacturing community of some 2,500 owner, and in 1883 sole owner. He population. The work incident to the continued running the steamer until June, management of this company has largely

164 occupied his time and attention up to the whom he came in contact and no man was present, though he has been active in other better known among the city's early settlers. directions. His birth occurred at Perrysburg, Ohio, on He was one of the organizers of the the 12th of August, 1847, his parents being Seattle National Bank, which began business Dr. Levi and Phoebe A. (McConnell) in February, 1890, with a capital of Ballard, the former born in Hillsboro county, $250,000, of which he has since been vice New Hampshire, 21, 1815. The president and manager. This banking Ballards are of English ancestry and the company has erected on the corner of South family was early established on American Second Street and Yesler Avenue a six-story , representatives of the name being stone and brick building, one of the finest respected and influential residents of the bank buildings on the Pacific coast. He is Granite state for many years. In early also president of the Seattle Savings Bank manhood Dr. Levi Ballard went to New and the First National Bank, of Waterville, Jersey, where he began reading medicine, and is one of the directors of the North End and later completed his preparation for the Bank, Seattle, and the Fairhaven profession by graduation from the Cleveland National Bank. Captain Ballard is Medical College of Cleveland, Ohio, with also vice president of the West Street the class of 1844. The same year, in and North End Electric Railway Richland County, Ohio, he wedded Miss Company, and a large stockholder and Phoebe A. McConnell, and there they director of the Terminal Railway and established their home, Dr. Ballard devoting Elevator Company. his attention to medical practice. After a He was married in Seattle in 1882, to Miss happy married life of about six years his Estella Thorndyke, of . They had five wife passed away, leaving two sons, Irving children, one son, Stanly, being the survivor. and William Rankin. The former became an Captain Ballard affiliates with the F. & A. attorney of King county, Washington, and M. In business affairs of Seattle he occupies died in 1880 . In 1852 Dr. Ballard made the a position of prominence and responsibility. overland trip to California, but after a few Being a man of excellent judgment, months spent on the Pacific coast he progressive in his ideas, and of great public returned by way of the Isthmus route to the spirit; he is justly conceded to be among the east. He again crossed the plains in 1854, foremost of Seattle's most successful men. but in that year Oregon was his destination. He became a factor in the pioneer life of the state and served as surgeon of a regiment of From “History of Seattle,” iv volunteers during the Indian war. In 1857 1916. he Went to the east by way of the Isthmus of Panama and wedded Miss Mary E. Condit. Captain William Rankin Ballard, a He brought his wife and two sons, born of resident of the from the his first marriage, to Oregon in 1858 and age of eleven, was long numbered among engaged in the practice of medicine and the prominent and honored citizens of surgery at Roseburg for seven years, Seattle, where he passed away in February, removing in 1865 to a tract of eighty acres 1929, in the eighty-second year of his age. of land, on which is now located the town of His personal characteristics were such as Auburn, Washington, where he resided until won him the respect and the love of all with his death. He had attained the venerable age of eighty-one years when he passed away on

165 the 12th of January, 1897, leaving behind which is now the Ballard district of Seattle, him an untarnished record for honor, named in his honor. He subdivided the integrity and usefulness. His religious faith property and from time to time sold lots, was indicated by his membership in the realizing a handsome return on his Presbyterian Church, and in politics he was investment, the property being purchased for a staunch republican. A contemporary a few dollars per acre, while today it is biographer said of him: "In pioneer times he worth many millions. Captain Ballard experienced- all of the hardships and made managed and controlled the affairs of the the sacrifices necessary in connection with company in handling the property and from professional work on the . But in all his efforts resulted the notable and gratifying of his practice he was actuated by a spirit of success which came to him and his broad humanitarianism and many there were associates. who had reason to bless his memory for his Captain Ballard also figured prominently timely and able assistance." in financial circles and in other business William R. Ballard was a student in connections in Seattle. He became one of Umpqua Academy at Wilbur, Oregon, and the organizers of the Seattle National Bank, afterward in the Washington State in 1889, with a capital stock of two hundred University, following which he taught and fifty thousand dollars. He was elected country school for four years in King, Pierce its vice president and his keen business and Thurston counties. Having given judgment and enterprise proved important special study to civil engineering, he entered factors in the successful management of the upon the practice of that profession, and as a institution. The company erected a six-story deputy United States government surveyor bank building, one of the finest of the kind he spent six years in laying out the Yakima in the northwest, and for three years Mr. Indian reservation into forty acres tracts. He Ballard remained as an officer of the bank. began his maritime career in the summer of He was also one of the organizers of the 1876, when he became a mate on the Seattle Savings Bank and continued as its 7 steamer Zephyr, which was owned by his president until 1897. Moreover, he was brother, and sailed between Olympia and president of the First National Bank of Seattle. In 1877 he became its captain and Waterville, Washington, and was one of the in 1881 purchased an interest in the vessel, directors of the North End Bank of Seattle his partners being George Harris and John and the Fairhaven National Bank. In the Leary. After five years he purchased the organization of the, West Street and North interest of his associates and continued in End Electric Railway Company, he took a command until 1887, when he sold his ship. helpful part, purchasing much of the stock, Under Captain Ballard's management the and became vice president of the company. vessel became very popular and made larger He likewise held considerable stock in the earnings than any other local steamer then Terminal Railway & Elevator Company, of plying on the Sound. It was while making which he was a director, and his business the Sound trips that Captain Ballard became activities were ever of a nature that convinced that large investments in Seattle contributed much to the city's improvement property would prove profitable, and in and upbuilding along material lines. For connection with Judge Thomas Burke and several years prior to his death he lived John Leary, he organized the West Coast retired from active business but gave a great Land Company and purchased, in 1883, deal of his time to philanthropic work, in seven hundred acres of land on Salmon Bay, which he was very deeply interested. He

166 aided in founding Whitworth College at was an upright and honorable one in every Spokane, gave annual scholarship prizes and relation and his memory remains as a in fact was one of the most liberal donors to blessed benediction to the many who knew the institution. He served as president of the and loved him. board of trustees of the Samuel and Jessie Kenney Presbyterian Home for the Aged, taking over its management following the death of Mr. and Mrs. Kenney and giving William T. Ballou much time to the advancement of this worthy project. ( -1878) On the 12th of November, 1882, Captain Ballard was united in marriage to Miss (No Permission for this Biography) Estelle Thorndike, a native of Rockland,Maine, and a daughter of Captain Billy Ballou Eben Thorndike, for thirty-two years a Ballou's Express: The Man Who Never shipmaster of Thomaston, Maine. Captain Failed to Deliver and Mrs. Ballard became parents of five he name has tended to fade in memory; children, four of whom died in infancy. The Tafter all it is hard to beat the charisma of surviving son, Stanley, was married in 1914 the famous Francis Barnard. Yet Billy to Miss Ruth Mary Gilmore.of Seattle and Ballou deserves distinction, not as a result of they have two sons, William Rankin and his personality, more for the forethought that David Kirkman. he possessed. Beginning operations in June At the polls Captain Ballard supported the of 1858 Ballou was the first to offer an men and measures of the republican party, express service to British Columbians. believing firmly in its principles as factors in Born in the Deep South of the United good government. He was a valued member States, 1 described as "a wild waif of French of the First Presbyterian church, of which he descent" 2 he operated the biggest express served as an elder for many years, and was a on the mainland of for worthy exemplar of the teachings and three years. He established agents in various purposes of the Masonic fraternity, having localities including Yale, Victoria, New joined St. John's Lodge, F. & A. M., of Westminster and San Francisco. He sent Seattle in 1871. His name was likewise on messages via steamboats, canoes, mule the membership roll of the Arctic Club. It trains and backpacking. Ballou was a man was written of him while he was still an of keen sense, judging that what the miners active factor in the world's work: "His most desperately longed for was news from interests have never centered along a single areas where civilization existed. As a result line, but have reached out to those activities Billy made the majority of his money which have most to do with the material through supplying the miners with welfare of Seattle and with its intellectual, newspapers. social and moral progress. His life is well Ballou built a reputation for himself as a balanced and his is a well-rounded man who always delivered, no matter the character. To meet him one is at once weather conditions, seasons, or terrains. impressed with his power and Chartres Brew, chief inspector of police and resourcefulness, and yet he never boasts of assistant gold commissioner in Yale wrote his own accomplishments and is Inclined that "the merchants rather send their letters more to modesty than self-praise." His life to Bellois (Ballou's) Express at the cost of

167 50c than put it in the post (office) at the cost West. Langley; Publishing Co. of 5c and remain in certainty when it would Ltd, 1980, pgs 41-2 reach its destination. "He also set up unique 2 Waite, Don. "Illustrated Tales of the business arrangements with the government Fraser Canyon" and the miners alike. Offering to transport 3 Hutchison, Bruce, "The Fraser", pp. 76- official mail for the government at minimum 77 cost put him in favour with the officials. For 4 Personal Correspondence, Chartres the miners he supplied them with any Brew to Colonel Moody, Feb. 20, 1859. commodity they may have requested from From A.C. Milliken "Billy Ballou: The him, from a new pair of pants to boots. Forgotten Expressman" The Best of Canada Ballou would secure the commodity for the West. Langley; Stagecoach Publishing Co. miner and charge him only the cost of the Ltd, 1980, pgs 41-2 product and the regular freight charge. This arrangement worked well for the miners and saved them many trios that would have proved more costly otherwise. Amherst Willoughby Being amongst the first people to hear of gold in B.C. by the discoverer of it, he Barber (1841-1920) headed to B.C. resolving to not miss out on opportunity as he had with the rush of '49. Determining that the express business was From: Find A Grave Website, feasible he sold his interest in San Francisco www.findagrave.com. and moved to B.C. He successfully operated his express service and overcame a Birth: July 4, 1841 number of competitors in the field until the Cambridge arrival of Barnard's Express. Barnard began Lamoille County poking his nose into the express business in 1861, and a year later he was a formidable Death: May 19, 1920 threat and had formed an agreement with Washington Dietz & Nelson. Shortly after Barnard District of Columbia secured the mail contract, Ballou gracefully District of Columbia, USA bowed out of the competition, selling his shares to Dietz & Nelson. Company A, 41st Infantry, Billy moved back to California and little civil War. Son of Giles Addison Barber mention of his name is heard after that. He (1803-1879) and Maria Green Barber (1807- possibly had a wife in San Francisco around ?). After the war he served as a surveyor for 1866. "When BX was at the height of its the Government Land Office and was also a expansion, a Seattle newspaper reported that clerk in the Treasury Department from 1877 British Columbia's first expressman, to1879. In 1880 he was living in Yankton, William T. Ballou, had died in his hotel , where he was county room, broken in health and in purse." superintendent. Author of “The European Written by Darla Dickenson, edited by Law of Torture: published in The Popular Irene Bjerky Science Monthly, 1894. Husband of Velma 1 A.C. Milliken "Billy Ballou: The Winship Sylvester Barber (1853-1936). Forgotten Expressman" The Best of Canada Father of Victor Barber (b. Jul 1877, ), Herbert S. Barber b. 12 April 1882, South Dakota) and Clara Velma

168 Barber (b. 8 October 1884, Yankton, South contract was made out, but when I saw Dakota). their mountainous and difficult appearance I withdrew my proposal. Burial: Arlington National Cemetery Field-notes of the exterior boundaries Arlington were given me, and I was charged to describe all monuments I found thereon. I Arlington County surveyed one township, finding the , USA exteriors all right but two miles, and those Plot: Section 13, Site 5484-6 I had to resurvey. It was in a hilly agricultural region. But the second township was very, From: “Executive Documents of mountainous (T13S R90W, 6th P. M.). I the House of Representatives for beg you to read in my field-notes the great the Second Session of the Forty- difficulties, hardships, and expense I met Ninth Congress”. 1886-87, Volume in trying to find the exterior lines. I was IX, Government Printing Office, enabled to find the monument at the 1887. southwest corner of the township, but after many days search with my five men. The following letter from Amherst W. I was unable to find monuments of more Barber, a contracting deputy surveyor, than four miles of the south boundary, and details the manner in which surveys were I have made oath to the fact that I believe said line never was run and marked more executed in Colorado: than that four miles. The east boundary also I was unable to “Yankton, Dak., May 18,1886. Hon. find at all, and its topography was mostly Wm. A. J. Sparks, wrong. The boundary I traced Commissioner, Washington, D. C.: one mile, up a great cliff and nearly to a Dear Sir: I respectfully entreat your mountain top; but beyond the stone careful attention to my appeal for justice marking that one mile there were no and speedy action by your department in marks whatever, and its topography was the matter of surveys done by me last wholly wrong the other five miles. spring and summer in Colorado. On the north boundary I also was These are some of the facts: I am a unable to find any signs that mankind had surveyor who resides in Yankton, Dak. ever scaled those peaks or crossed those At the request of friends in Colorado I mesas, and the topography of the old applied for work at the Denver office, and notes was wholly wrong. For instance, received a commission from Surveyor- the old notes gave "Big Muddy Creek 25 General Meldrum, which is still in force. lks. wide," about midway of the north I received a contract (No. 710, I think) to line, where there is only a dry mesa 9,000 subdivide only two townships (one feet high, while Big Muddy Creek really special deposit) and entered on the work. lies five miles farther east. I expected other townships, and a second

169 I have since learned from my neighbor, Deputy Chas. H. Bates, how a Colorado surveyor told him such frauds were carried on, how they got the topography for their false notes by scaling the large maps of the Geological Survey, and I have many reasons to believe that my work detected a swindle of precisely that sort. I can also prove by my crew that nearly all the monuments I did find on the south boundary were wholly different from the descriptions given thereof, as when looking to find a stone corner and stone mound, with no trees in 3 chains, I only found » blazed tree marked one- fourth in a dense thicket of trees. All these constant discrepancies you may find in my notes, with very full notes of the real topography where Ashley noted none at all. In nearly all cases he used the words "no trees within 3 chs.," while there were usually trees to witness the corners. I got a sight of the original field-notes put in by Ashley, and I desire you to know that every page was chiefly stamped Figure 9. Amherst W. Barber while working on the by a cheap rubber stamp and purple Puter Land Fraud Case in Oregon in 1904. (Photo aniline ink, with blanks in which figures from the book “Looters of the Public Domain” by were inserted, and omitting all topography Puter.) except in rare cases. Those notes wore made in the most careless and labor- In my trouble I asked the nearest saving manner, and are essentially false in settlers, and they said that Ashley, the many particulars. former surveyor, was up on those lines When I returned to Denver, poor, worn only a very few days, and they always out, and sick from the hardest toil I had doubted that he ran them very far. They ever known, I reported my predicament also told me that he was attended on his verbally before completing my notes. brief trip by the inspector, Harry Allen, The chief clerks were very uneasy, and and a saloon-keeper from the nearest Deputy Ashley was repeatedly sent for, railroad town; also that said inspector was but Ashley wouldn't go to the office. I usually drunk. desired to meet him and hear his account. Therefore I was absolutely bound by At last 1 found him in his favorite whisky my instructions, my contract, and my den, got him out, and had a short talk. He bond to report things as I found them and made no denial or question of my position to proceed to run the exterior lines. I did in regard to how I had found his work, this to the best of my ability, and it cost and finally said to me: "Oh, well, you me a great deal to do it. I spent some six probably know how those things are done weeks with an ample crew in doing that as well as I do." He and his chum, township and searching for mythical Inspector Harry Allen, were together at corners. the saloon door. He told me he was "a Teller man," asked me to go in and drink,

170 and offered to do what he could to help a reward for concealing any frauds we me in my difficulty—and I never saw or may discover. heard from Mr. Ashley any more. You have the sworn evidence of myself In my notes I fully reported how I and party, proving that hours and days of found the lines and re-ran them; and I had diligent search were wasted in vain, and a right to expect my pay for the whole that most of his pretended corners had no (subdivision and town lines), according to existence. There is only one township in contract. But after weary months of dispute. It would only be a simple act of waiting and borrowing money to support justice for you to examine my very full my family, because of my losses from and accurate field-cotes and audit my undertaking the work, I learned that there account at once. I cannot afford another is small chance of receiving justice ; that ruinously expensive trip to western because I have fearlessly reported these Colorado on a matter of only two frauds the department will subject me to townships. suspicion and to endless delay and I am no politician, nor acquainted with expense before paying me. I learn from any politician or official of Colorado. I Denver that the issue between Ashley and did my sworn duty in running those town- me must await an inspection. lines and reporting the truth" when Now the Denver office has been Denver parties not wholly unconnected extremely anxious to hush up this matter with the department desired me to falsify and protect its former corrupt deputies my notes, so as to cover up the fraud. For and clerks; and hence I mistrust they this I am kept out of my meager pay, and would gladly sacrifice me and my I fear that the schemers that have the reputation (being a transient person official ear in Denver will compass my among them) to prevent any exposure of final defeat. the extensive frauds of the past. Hence I The special-deposit money was am very suspicious that an apparently fair borrowed by certain settlers who can ill inspection of our lines will be only a "put afford their part of the loss and delay. up job" in the hands of some one of that The Government holds it and refuses to ring designed to vindicate Ashley's work act. The deposit certificates are only and destroy mine. worth about 65 per cent. The settlers lose On this point I plead for fair treatment. the remainder, because, their lands being Do not let the Denver office send some in the reservation, they are unjustly such drunken worthless tool of rascality prevented from using their certificates to as some they have heretofore used to pay for their lands and are forced to sell at cover up bad work I had to expose by a loss of about $150 each. Thus every ruining me. If I must still wait for one connected with this survey (except inspection, at least let it be done by an the former swindlers) suffers delay, loss, honest man from outside of that ring, and and injury from the delays and severe without their interference. I am too poor rules of your department. to go there again for nothing, yet the If the honorable Commissioner will Ashleys may attend and manage the assist me in any way to a just and speedy inspection or they may already have settlement of my account I shall be most tampered with the lines. grateful. It seems hard to be kept from a few I remain, sir, most respectfully, yours, hundred dollars that were earned twice over by very hard work at ruinously low AMHERST W. BARBER, United rates, aggravated by previous frauds of States Deputy Surveyor for Colorado” others. Why not pay my account! Your department, by thus punishing those who report honestly in the field, seems to offer

171 By Jerry Olson From Jean Campbell, written in 1975 and dedicated to Lizzie Corner which was her There were three or four Ashleys mother-in-law. surveying in Colorado in 1884-1886. "Louis left in 1949 to join in the DeKalb Ashley received a contract in 1884, in California. He was 18 years and Eli Ashley received one in 1885. John old, had a horse, a large knife and a pair of Ashley was the County Surveyor of Arapaho pistols made by E. N. Bearden of County from 1884-86, and John also was in Springfield. The guns are believed to be in a the Colorado State Legislature from 1884- museum in California. Someone said he 86, before he came to Spokane. gave the guns to John Sutter when he In 1892 DeKalb Ashley was working in (Louis) left California for the Washington the Spokane County, Washington, Territory. In Washington Territory he Surveyor’s office at the time John Ashley became Surveyor General of the Territory was the County Surveyor. After failure to and held this job until his death in 1873. He correct a survey, DeKalb was debarred from never returned to Missouri and never further work in Washington and returned to married." Colorado. John was partners with Harry A. Clarke in an engineering business in Spokane, and was compassman for Clarke’s From: History of Washington, Idaho, GLO contract on the Yakima Indian and Montana. By Hugh Bancroft and Reservation in Washington. Clarke bribed a . State Senator in Washington and was the attorney for some of the Benson Syndicate each was from Seneca Falls, N. Y. He surveyors. Bcame to the Pacific coast in the early John or DeKalb have not been determined days of gold-mining, and to in to have performed surveys under the Benson 1861, where he had followed logging, Syndicate in Washington. William Henry printing, farming, and surveying at different Ashley, the father to John and Eli was a U. times, being an industrious and able man. S. Deputy Surveyor in Colorado from 1861- He died on returning from a visit to 1880. His brother John K. was a doctor in Washington city in the spring of 1873, of Indianna and the father of Dekalb. Eli was pleuro-pneumonia, Olympia Wash Standard, also a Clerk in the Surveyor General’s office May 3, 1873. in 1880. According to the Colorado Office of BLM, the township exteriors referred to here by Barber were surveyed by Eli Ashley. Ernst Carl Bechly (1872-1954) Louis Philo Beach

(1831-1873) From: Sheboygan Press (Sheboygan, Wisconsin), 1951, January 25, page 7. (from museum.bmi.net) From: Ancestry.com Added by 2fletcher on 2 Jul 2008 Former Sheboygan Man Makes Headline On Western Coast

172 A name well-known to many of French. Mr. Higby stated that when the Sheboygan's old-timers made the headlines Bechly's lived in Sheboygan everyone in the state of Washington recently when thought it was a German name. Ernst Bechly retired after 47 years as the The family had come to America from Lewis County, Washington, engineer. Uckermark, Germany, but according to the Ernst C. Bechly was born in Sheboygan family history, the Bechly family originally on July 24, 1872, a son of this city's pioneer lived in Ursebach, Switzerland, on the businessmen. His grandfather, Friederich French border. At that time the name was Bechly, had brought his family to America spelled the same as it is today. It was in in the late 1840's, and shortly after arriving 169? that the Bechly clan moved to in New York, the family made the trek to a Germany due to a religious upheaval in their little on the shores of Lake Michigan Swiss village. in the new state of Wisconsin. Grandfather Bechly established himself as a cutler, a maker of knives, and soon became known as the "Tenacresmith" since he George H. Belden owned 10 acres of land and was a . Ernst Bechly's father, Charles, didn't (-) follow the trade of his , and operated a cigar store on the corner of Eighth Street From: “David D. Clarke, Narratives of a and Avenue instead of making Surveyor and Engineer in the Pacific Northwest, v cutlery. Anson W. Higby, 1508 1864-1920.” avenue, who brought the above story to the eorge H. Belden who succeeded Mr. attention of the Sheboygan Press, said he Burrage as City Surveyor in 1867, I remembers well the huge cigar store Indian G met only a few times and know nothing of that used to stand glaring at all passers-by in his early history. He was a man of middle front of the Charles Bechly Cigar Store prior age and I think educated as an Engineer. I to the turn of the century. first knew of him as the Engineer in charge The family left Sheboygan in 1891 of the construction of the blast furnace at because of the senior Bechly's health, and Oswego erected in 1866 by the Oregon Iron traveled by immigrant train through Canada and Steel Co. or its progenitor, for the to the state of Washington. They settled in purpose of reducing the low iron ore Chehalis, Washington, where the family still uncovered in the hills bordering the North lives. side of . The experiment was Young Ernst Bechly was 19 years of age abandoned after a short trial. The old stack when the family moved to the West, and he can still be seen on the river side of the went to work in a company there highway bridge crossing Oswego Creek. for 75 cents per day. In 1903 he accepted a Mr. Belden was kind enough to offer me a position with the county surveyor's office position as his assistant when he succeeded and he remained with the engineering Mr. Burrage, an offer which I perhaps department of Lewis County until his recent unwisely declined, and the next year he retirement. aided me in securing employment in the U. In the history of the Bechly family, as S. Engineer party engaged upon the Upper related by Ernst Bechly to the Chehalis Columbia surveys. Advocate, Chehalis, Washington, the origin I have often speculated upon the probable of the family name is established as being effect upon my personal fortunes had my

173 sense of loyalty to Mr. Burrage not He had in the meantime been thoroughly prevented my acceptance of Mr. Belden’s educated and trained for civil engineering, offer to serve under him as Assistant City and upon his return to Osage county was Surveyor. He was more of a “pushing” type elected to the office of county surveyor, of a man than Mr. Burrage and no doubt which office he held successfully until the would have pushed me faster than Mr. breaking out of the war, when he enlisted in Burrage did but I might not have been able the three months' service, and afterward in to meet the situation: “Quien Sabe”. the 26th Missouri as private, serving until January 12, 1865, when he was mustered out as first lieutenant. He then enlisted in the service of the state as first lieutenant of James Tate Berry Osage and Maries County Rangers, being discharged July 12, 1865, as captain. (1833-1891) Captain Berry served in the army of the through most of the notable From “Prominent Men of Chehalis” battles of the war, and had sufficient fighting to satisfy him very comfortably since, After apt. James T. Berry, Mayor of Chehalis, the war he taught as principal in the Osage Cwas born March 13, 1833,- -on a farm county schools, until his removal to the near Fulton, Calloway county, Missouri. Klickitat prairie, Washington Territory, in With his parents he moved to Osage county, April, 1872, taking a claim there, afterward Mo., in 1835, where he attended common engaging on government contracts, and has since been United States deputy surveyor. He lived on Klickitat prairie until 1877, when he moved to Chehalis, establishing an office here. He was elected county surveyor for a term in the '70s, and mayor of Chehalis in April, 1889; is a Republican, and has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for thirty five years. Captain Berry was married in March 26th, 1856, in Marks county, Missouri, and has three children. His two sons, John F. and Timothy R. Berry, are both civil engineers, and are associated with him in business.

Samuel H. Berry

Figure 10. James T. Berry (1829- )

i school until 1851, when he went to From “History of Washington” : Westminster College, Fulton, and took an irregular course, leaving college in 1855.

174 ewland , Berry & Co. are real-estate Ndealers, insurance brokers, surveyors and conveyancers of legal documents at Chehalis, Washington. The two members of the above firm are: J. T. Newland, City Treasurer; S. H. Berry, land agent; and A. Rainey, . This well known bureau was first established in 1883, under the style of Berry Brothers. Captain James T. Berry, now deceased, being the senior and leading member. The latter was one of the most prominent and progressive men of the city where he resided from 1872 until the time of his demise. He was a civil engineer by occupation, served as County Surveyor, and also filled the city’s civic chair in 1889. The present firm was established in 1892, and they do a general real-estate business, handling some of the choicest land in Lewis and adjoining countries; also buy and sell city property, locate loans, pay taxes, take charge of property for non-residents and represent a large number of the best fire companies. Figure 11 Samuel H. Berry, Journal of the State Samuel H. Berry as born in Osage Constitutional Convention 1889, B. P. Rosenow, Seatle, 1962 County, Missouri, August 22, 1849, a son of John and Margaret (Galbreath) Berry, elected to that office. In May, 1881, he natives of , and both descendants came to Chehalis, Washington, on a of colonial settlers. Captain John Berry, the Government survey, in which he was father of our subject, was a soldier in the employed three years, although in 1882 he famous Black Hawk war, and the family was elected County Surveyor for a term of were a well known and influential one in two years. Mr. Berry also followed teaching Kentucky during the latter part of the in the county; in 1884 was elected County seventeenth century. Grandfather Richard Auditor, re-elected in 1886; in 1889 was a Berry partially reared the mother of our member of the Constitutional Convention, illustrious and martyred President, Abraham and in 1888 was also appointed Chief Clerk Lincoln. Captain John Berry was a Missouri in the Surveyor General’s Office. pioneer of 1833, and his death occurred in Politically, Mr. Berry affiliates with the 1853. His wife survived until 1872, when progressive wing of the Democratic party, she also passed to the higher life. and socially holds a membership in the Samuel H. Berry was reared and educated Encampment degree of the I. O. O. F. of in his native State, where he was engaged in which he has been District Deputy Grand teaching many years, and during that time Master, and is also District Deputy of the A. also made civil engineering a special study. O. U. W. In 1872 he was elected County Surveyor of December 24, 1872, he was united in Osage County, and in 1876 was again marriage to Miss Ida B. Rainey, a native of

175 Missouri, and a daughter of Dr. L. Rainey, The farm in Morgan County was an early pioneer of and approximately 33 miles southwest of the Missouri. Mr. And Mrs. Berry have had capitol of Indiana, while the farm in Shelby three children: Maggie Isabel (deceased), County, where the family next lived, was Maud P. and John L. between 15 and 20 miles southeast of . An I.O.U., dated Nov. 2, 1848, made out to Thomas Berry, gives the post office as Pleasant View, Indiana. This Thomas Frank place and date offers a definite time for his being in Shelby County. Berry (1819-1866) Finally comes the first evidence of a settled community life. The entire family joined the Methodist Church in Shelbyville, From: “A Historical and Biographical and there were box suppers and school Study of the of Thomas F. house debates. (One of the subjects up for Berry, 1819-1866, by Lawrence W. debate was: "Resolved, that there is more Berry, October 20, 1960.”vi pleasure in the pursuit of romance than in its attainment.") There is evidence that the Thomas F. The two main reasons for the decision to Berry family lived in at least four counties in cross the plains to the Pacific Northwest the State of Indiana. These were: Clark, were economic and religious. Both of these Crawford, Morgan and Shelby. motives entered into the family's prolonged The ancestral home in Clark County was discussions. Always there was the hope for on the bank of the Ohio River, not too far betterment. Seven children had been born, from Bethlehem, Indiana, at a spot known in of whom one had died. A complaint known the early days as "Berry's Landing". as ague was enervating some members of (Martha Jane Berry relates that captains of the family. (This could more properly be river boats were known to sing out in the interpreted as malaria, since the father felt night over a megaphone "Yo Ho, Berry", that his children would be better off away and when Grandfather Berry replied to this from the unhealthy and marshes.) call, he would be asked for needed As an added incentive, copies of The information for directions, or where to leave Christian Advocate were telling of the need supplies at the various river landings. for settlers in the . The Two or possibly three of the Berry thrilling story of Dr. children were born down river in Crawford taking wagons all the way to was County. Louis Philip Berry stated that he repeated from many pulpits. The element of was born at Leavenworth, and George T. adventure was irresistible and possibly Berry, in a brief sketch of his life, states, Thomas F. Berry thought in his heart, "I "(he) was born near the city of Indianapolis, want to live where Marcus Whitman lives. I on July 17, 1844". will go where he is." The struggle for survival was hard, and Two wagons with six children and extra there was never more than just enough food oxen for relief, driven by T.F. Berry and Mr. for a bare subsistence. With the restless Dilts, left Shelbyville, Indiana, in April, hope that the soil would be more fertile and 1853, and reached Tumwater on Puget living conditions easier, the family moved Sound, on September 20th of that year. north to Morgan County.

176 FINDING A RECORD OF THE partly surrounded by mountains covered JOURNEY with yellow and other and fir, and etc. "Saturday, August 13 - Ten miles today in (Perhaps the high point in the preparation the mountains and camped on a ridge of this genealogy was the discovery of the guarding stock in the valley to the left. name T. F. Berry in "The Journal of There is water and lots of . Patterson F. Luark". Until this discovery "Monday, August 15 - Eight miles again was made, it was not known whether or not and we emerged again into the open country a written record existed of the trip across the (Emigrant Hill). Eight miles more and plains made by T. F. Berry and his family. camped on the , here where All of the quotes taken from this journal are the road to Walla Walla leads off. copies from Herndon Smith's book, "Tuesday, August 18 - Twenty miles "Centralia - - The First Fifty Years ", today. Left the river (Umatilla) at the Indian published by the Daily Chronicle and F.H. Agency and passed fifteen miles of sandy Cole Printing Company, Centralia, road to Butler Creek. Good Camp. About Washington. sixty wagons on creek tonight. Much indebtedness is owed to Herndon "Monday, August 29 - Passed the famous Smith, the former teacher in the high school Barlows Gate and commenced to ascend the at Centralia, Washington, for enlightenment mountains. Here I came very near losing on the statistics of the number of persons my wagons and mules and myself over a traveling over the , during the precipice. season of 1853. Miss Herndon quotes, for "Saturday, September 3 - Traveled one instance, from Volume One of the "Luark and one-half miles to foot of Black Bone, in Journal", dated Thursday, May 19th: "There climbing of which we left another ox. had already passed on the southern side of Working the wheel mules, hitching on two the Plat this season (besides what had passed yoke of oxen at hills; and at steep ones, on the north side) and before us, 1360 doubling teams. Twelve (miles ) thence to wagons, 450 head of cattle, 1754 horses, 742 brow of Soap Hill, a dangerous place when families, 3344 men, 905 women, and 1207 wet. Took our wagons down by hand. children". This was at Fort Kearney. At Hundreds of logs lay around towards the North Platte, on June 13, 1853, was written, foot of this hill, that have been hitched "Here I learned that 905 wagons had already behind wheels of wagons descending. This crossed this season". hill was so slick that the teams could not Granting that the larger proportion of walk down in the track. these wagons turned southwest at Fort "Wednesday, September 7 - Two miles Bridger, it would seem that there was almost east of Portland. Here we fed wild hay at 75 a steady caravan of wagons and teams on the cents per hundred until the 12th (Sept.). Oregon Trail throughout the summer of '53. Glad to rest a little. Following are excerpts from Patterson Friday, - Today Berry and Luark's journal: Dilts went to Portland with William Cock, "Tuesday, August 9 - got in company of Esq., to make arrangement for going to T. F. Berry and Mrs Dilts today. Monticello in a barge of Henry Windsor's. I "Thursday, August 11 - Eighteen miles went to Oregon City on business. today brought us four miles into the Grande "Monday, September 12 - I sold my ox Ronde Valley. This is a beautiful valley, wagon for 89 dollars. The freight and storage on the same was 30 dollars. After

177 putting our things aboard, the families in The Luark's were in St Joe on April 25, care of Dilts, I and Berry returned to stock. 1853. From that city, they traveled up the "Tuesday, September 13 - Took our stock left bank of the Missouri River out of pasture at Sangs. Cost me 2 dollars approximately 26 miles, to a crossing called Drove to Switslers, Berry going ahead to " River". Here reference is made by make contact for ferriage. Mr. Luark to his use of "Walter's Guide", "Friday, September 16 - Traveled twenty which emigrants in that day used to refer miles, swimming stock over Vancouver them to conditions on the road and various slough, and stayed in a house on the banks watering and feeding stops. of the Lewis River, leaving stock on The Oregon Trail was essentially a wagon opposite side. route paralleling a series of rivers and "Monday, September 19 - In the afternoon streams. When the relationship of these we swam and ferried the cows, and camped various rivers is studied on a topographical opposite Monticello (Longview) and went map, it will become apparent how dependant over and stayed with our families all night. the emigrants were on the sources of water "Tuesday, September 20 - Started up the supply which the following rivers afforded: Cowlitz River and camped nearly opposite the Missouri, Big Blue, Platte, Sweetwater, the boat with our families in it. "Thursday, Big Sandy, Green, Bear, , Boise, September 22 - Drove out to Cowlitz Prairie Grande Ronde, Umatilla, Columbia, Cowlitz and united our families. and Des Chutes. These fourteen rivers "Saturday, September 24 - About nine designated the route of the Oregon Trail. o'clock our goods landed and I found myself in debt for the passage (shipment costs ) THE DONATION CLAIM $65. The constant scarcity of money during the The granting of land to settlers was based trip made it necessary to establish credit. upon an act of Congress, approved When T. F. Berry ran out of money near the September 27, 1850, entitled: "An Act to city of Portland, he took his Masonic Apron, Create the Office of Surveyor General of the which he carried in a metal tube, and looked Public Lands in Oregon, and to Make up certain Brother Masons in that city. Donations to Settlers of the Said Public From them he received a loan of two Lands". hundred dollars. T. F. Berry remained in Study of the records of the former General good standing with the Masons, for there is Land Office, now in the National Archives, in extend, paid-up receipts of his reveals that Washington Donation membership in the Olympia Lodge of A. F. Certificate 178, was issued to Thomas F. and A. M.. Berry, II. . . all in Township 18 north, range According to the Luark Journal, that party 2 west". Thomas F. Berry moved onto his consisted of the father, Patterson F. Luark, a claim on May 1, 1854, and remained until brother Michael F., a teenage son, 1864. Matyiellus, and three younger children. In order to properly qualify for two Since this party started on the Oregon Trail quarter sections of land, he addressed a letter from St. Joe, Missouri, as did that of to the Registrar of the Land Office, Thomas. F. Berry, attention should be called Olympia, W.T., under the date of February to their approximate time of starting and the 3, 1861, making the following request: huge number of wagons counted on the way "Sirs: you are requested to divide our west. donation land claim as follows: give the

178 north half to Martha J. Berry and the south 1856, most of the settlers left their farm half to Thomas F. Berry. (Signed) Thomas homes and moved into the towns peoples' F. Berry". Then an interesting detail is acted homes. The family who befriended the in the next signature. Thomas Berry signed Berry's was that of Mr. Ira Ward of his wife's name "Martha J. Berry", with a Tumwater. This family literally stretched "X" under the words, "Her Mark". (This their small home to take in the eight extra was the first time the author knew that people. Moreover, Mrs. Jane Ward presided Grandmother Berry could not sign her own as mid-wife during the birth of Ira Ward name, however, she is remembered to have Berry on October 20, 1855. It was out of possessed an ability that far out-shown her gratitude that the baby was named Ira Ward, inability to write, namely, to quote from the in honor of his generous "protector". Bible. Louisa Jane Pierce often repeated By trade, Mr. Ward was a tanner. It is words which her mother had taught her: probably that he made the harness for many "To God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of the settlers' teams of horses and oxen. of just men made perfect". Hebrews 12:23.) Mr. Ward is better remembered, however, Mima Prairie in Thurston County did not for building the blockhouse at Tumwater, have good soil. It was characteristic of these located near the old Ward Mill, on the site of clearing to be practically devoid of trees and the present city hall. generally rippled in a series of hummocks. There were numerous Indian scares. Even the grass dried out earlier on these (Mrs. Jane Ward later recalled taking a prairies than in the nearby woods. lantern whenever there was some fresh George Waunach, who later settled north alarm that Indians were near and climbing of Centralia, has offered a feasible up the path to the safety of the blockhouse.) explanation for the early settlers choosing to Basically, the settlers' worries and fears settle on the poorer prairie land instead of stemmed from the overwhelming superiority clearing away the forests where the richer of number. There were not over three soil lay. Mr. Waunach said, "The settlers hundred and fifty white families in the chose this open land so that they might scattered communities west of the Cascades (more quickly) build log cabins, plow their and north of the Columbia, as against five land and pasture their cattle with the least thousand Indians occupying the shores of amount of effort". Puget Sound at that time. Washington's great historian, Edmond As an indirect result of these Indian Meany, points out that there were so many hostilities of 1855-1856, both Fort Walla up and downs in the economy of Walla and Fort Boise were temporarily Washington Territory that business crises abandoned. This created a vacuum, so to were like waves beating upon the seashore. speak, into which more settlers were to pour, He wrote, "The year 1855, saw the Territory both as adventurers and home seekers. of Washington enshrouded in gloom, food Ultimately, it was this balance of population was growing scarce, ordinary business was which tipped the scales in favor of U.S. out of the question; starvation, flight or the control of these territories. tomahawk seemed the only alternatives. HON. T.F. BERRY REPRESENTATIVE INDIAN HOSTILITIES 1860

For ten months, beginning during the fall Excerpt: of 1855 and lasting through the summer if

179 In the above census, Thomas listed friends than they (Cushing Eels ) were to himself as a surveyor. Probably the first us." In 1929, Marion S. Berry wrote to the surveying which was done in Thurston President of Whitman College, Walla Walla, County was the "viewing of roads", or offering a book given to Mrs. Thomas F. making preliminary surveys along already established . Such trails led from Cowlitz Landing to Budd's Inlet on Puget Sound, from Grand Mound to Gray's Harbor, and later, from Steilacum north to Puyallup. Governor Isaac Stevens, being himself a surveyor, developed a company of 243 men in various surveying parties. T.F. Berry was one of these men, doing considerable work in Lewis County. The only specific mention of Thomas Berry is the signature of the surveyor, given simply as: "Berry". For years there was in the family, an ivory scale transposing feet to tenths - or the meter system. This scale was lost in a fire in 1935, at Lind, Wash.) Thomas F. Berry served as Representative in the eighth of Washington Territory in 1860. The legislature, which met in 1860, was the first to take an interest in settling up county Figure 12. Gravestone of Thomas F. Berry and organizations east of the Cascade Martha J. Berry at Cemetery in Milton Freewater, OR. from: Mountains. The eastern boundary of (freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com) Washington Territory was not clearly established, and due the short-sightedness on the part of the , northern Idaho Berry in 1867, by Rev. Cushing Eels. The was taken from Spokane County two years book had been given to him (Cushing Eels ) later. by Dr. Marcus Whitman, and was believed to be the only book possessed by Dr. TO WALLA WALLA COUNTY 1864 Whitman. This book had been rescued after the massacre of 1847. The college issued a In 1864, Thomas F. Berry moved his large letter of appreciation to the Berry family for family from the Donation Claim on Mima the gift of this historic book. Prairie, Thurston County, to Walla Walla During their stay at this farm, tragedy County. This farm was located one-half struck suddenly. Heman S. Berry, a boy of mile west, and three and one-half miles fourteen, was starting to hitch up a team of south of the Whitman Mission site. At that horses when his arm became entangled in a time, the land was being farmed by Rev. halter and the team started to run. The Cushing Eels. mother looked out the window in time to see In the words of Mrs. Louisa J. Pierce, her son being thrown in the air and forcibly daughter of T.F. Berry, "No one had better

180 slapped to the ground as the team ran away. Railroad Spiral -Searles, has a neatly Heman died on March 19, 1865. lettered inscription on the inside One year later, typhoid fever was the cover:Walter M. Bosworth Tacoma, Wash. cause of the death of Thomas F. Berry. He May 2'd, , 1899 was forty-seven years old at the time of his At the back of the book is an old blue passing. No other circumstances are known. print (white lettering on dark blue paper) He was originally buried in a small cemetery with a hand written Table of Spirals by located somewhere near the Whitman W.M. Bosworth and H.F. Gronen. Mission; however, twenty years after his The book is leather bound and has a interment, his coffin was exhumed by his musty leather smell. The binding is tight and son Ira and other men, and moved to the the pages still have their gold gilding. There cemetery at Milton, Oregon. is an extra leather tab on the back cover for covering the pages when the book is closed. The book feels really nice in my hand. Does anyone know of Mr. Bosworth and his legacy? Peter Lazio With no replies to my inquiry, I placed the Walter Marsh book on my bookshelf, and assumed Mr. Bosworth would remain anonymous. Bosworth (1861- The following day, a pseudonymous poster posing as Walter M. Bosworth 1943) posted:

From: RPLS.com, at POB Website, Missing book Posted By Walter M. Bosworth on posted by Peter Lazio. 8/28/2004 at 9:16 PM

Being a land surveyor and bibliophile, I I have evidently mislaid my copy of have a small collection of out of print and Mr. Searles' work, The Railroad Spiral. This is a bit of a hardship as I vintage surveying and civil engineering have some railroad work to lay out reference books in my library. On August next Monday. If anyone knows where 24, 2004, I purchased a copy of The I might find a replacement, I'd be greatly obliged for that information. Railroad Spiral Sixth Edition by William H. Searles, C.E. from Powell's Bookstore of The particular edition I am after will be Portland Oregon (www.powells.com). easily recognized as it is leather bound and will have a musty leather smell. The When the book arrived three days later, it binding should be tight and the pages was one of the nicest old books in my ought to still have their gold gilding. There may or may not be an extra leather collection. Prominent upon opening the tab on the back cover for covering the book is the inscription of the original owner pages when the book is closed, but the Walter M. Bosworth. With my curiosity book should fit into the hand quite well. piqued, I posted the following message on Walter M. Bosworth Tacoma WA the Point of Beginning message board: Walter M. Bosworth Tacoma Wash Posted By Peter Lazio on 8/27/2004 at This post elicited much more of a 7:07 PM response than my original inquiry, but did I just received a book I purchased from a nothing to identify the genuine Walter M. used book dealer. The book, entitled The Bosworth of Tacoma Washington. The hook

181 remained on my shelf with its former owner which I have supplemented with a little web still anonymous. That is until October 6, research. 2005. On that day, upon returning from my This post elicited much more of a daughter's investiture ceremony at college response than my original inquiry, but did there was a message on my answering nothing to identify the genuine Walter M. machine from Cathy Marucha of New Bosworth of Tacoma Washington. The Freedom Pennsylvania, the great book remained on my shelf with its former granddaughter of Walter M. Bosworth. owner still anonymous. That is until October 6, 2005. On that day, upon returning from my daughter's investiture ceremony at college there was a message on my answering machine from Cathy Marucha of New Freedom Pennsylvania, the great granddaughter of Walter M. Bosworth. Cathy's sister, who is "into the whole genealogy thing," happened upon the August 2004 posting on RPLS.com while doing on-line research. Her sister sent Cathy a copy of my original RPLS.com post. Cathy, who also read the comic post of the ersatz Walter Bosworth, assured me this was not a joke, that Walter M. Bosworth is indeed her great grandfather. In a series of email and one letter, Cathy filled in the missing detail of Mr. Bosworth's career, which I have supplemented with a little web research. Walter Marsh Bosworth Sr. was born on October 30, 1861 to George Bosworth and Figure 13. Walter Marsh Bosworth. (Photo from Sophia Marsh in Grinnell, . Walter RPLS.com) Bosworth's lineage in America goes back to Pricilla Mullins and John Alden, who came Cathy's sister, who is "into the whole to America on the Mayflower. Walter's genealogy thing," happened upon the great-great-grandfather was William August 2004 posting on RPLS.com while Champlin, a Revolutionary War soldier. doing on-line research. Her sister sent Walter M. Bosworth spent several years Cathy a copy of my original RPLS.com as a civil engineer working as a civil post. Cathy, who also read the comic post engineer working on the Canadian Pacific of the ersatz Walter Bosworth, assured me Railroad and later on the Chicago, Rock this was not a joke, that Walter M. Bosworth Island & Pacific Railroad. In 1885, he chose is indeed her great grandfather. In a series of to train as an electrical engineer and trained email and one letter, Cathy filled in the for four years. missing detail of Mr. Bosworth's career,

182 noted in the in Superintendent's Annual Report in House, 63rd Cong., 3d session., House Doc. No. 1475, "Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior," 1914, p.784. Subsequent to his explorations of Mount Rainier, Walter Bosworth became the Chief Engineer of the Tacoma Interurban Railway. It was in that capacity that in 1906 Walter Bosworth became involved in a flood

Figure 14. Walter Marsh Bosworth in 1911 at age 50. (Photo from RPLS.com) control project to divert the from the Green River in Auburn Washington. This project prevented the Upon completing his education, in 1889, flooding that until then occurred in Kent Walter Bosworth associated with D.B. Washington. Ogden, forming the firm of Ogden & Walter Bosworth returned to private Bosworth, Civil and Electrical Engineers practice and is listed in Jerry Olson's and Landscape Architects of Tacoma database in 1912 as filing plats in Thurston Washington. According to the database County, Washington. During this period of compiled by Jerry Olson of Olson private practice Walter Bosworth was the Engineering in Vancouver Washington, the noted as the surveyor for the local county firm of Ogden and Bosworth filed plats in ditch in the January 12, 1917 issue of the Pierce, Thurston and Whatcom Counties in Eatonville Dispatch. In 1921 Walter Washington State from 1889 to 1893. Some Bosworth appears in the Tacoma city of those maps are in the collection of the directory along with his wife Charlotte as an Center for Pacific Northwest Studies at engineer. Western Washington University. Walter Bosworth continued as an engineer In 1895, Walter Bosworth and Guy Evans in Tacoma and is listed in the Olson of Tacoma spent a month exploring and database as the Tacoma City Engineer in mapping Mt. Rainier in Washington. They 1924. circumnavigated the mountain and reached Walter Marsh Bosworth married Charlotte the summit. Later in his career, Walter Sohm, they had 3 sons, George, Douglas and Bosworth returned to Mt Rainier to map Walter Marsh Junior (Catherine's roads around Mt. Rainier. Walter grandfather). Walter M. Bosworth died in Bosworth's survey of the south-side road is 1943 or 1944.

183 Thanks to the POB message board, the book that entered my collection as an Amos Bowman artifact sitting on a bookshelf has been transformed into an heirloom. One hundred (1839-1894) six years after Walter M. Bosworth inscribed his field reference, it has returned By Jerry C. Olson to his great granddaughter. RPLS.com not only acts as a conduit to connect surveyors mos Bowman was born on September from all over the world but also serves as a A15, 1839 of Jamin and Mary Bowman channel to link generations. at Blair, Waterloo County, Ontario. His family moved to Ohio when he was quite young, where he attended school through Oscar Sidney Bowen (1867-1950)

From: “Railroad Age Gazette, June 14, 1914.”

scar Sidney- Bowen, whose Oappointment as principal assistant engineer of the Great Northern, with headquarters at Seattle, Wash., has already been announced in these columns, has been in railway service since 1888. He began railway work with the Coeur d'Alene Railway & Navigation Company in Idaho, and held various positions in the engineering department of the 'Washington & Idaho, the Seattle Lake Shore & Eastern, the Spokane Falls & Northern, the Nelson & Fort Shepard and the Great Northern, until 1901, when he was made resident engineer of the latter road at Spokane. Later he was transferred to Seattle in a similar capacity, which position he held until his recent appointment as principal assistant engineer, as above noted.

Figure 15 Amos Bowman. Photo courtesy of Skagit River Journal, www.skagitriverjournal.com.

college. At 17 he went to New York to school to study medicine. He had learned shorthand and the New York Tribune hired

184 him where he worked for Horace Greely, editor of the Mining and Scientific Press who became his friend. He must have which he did for several years. His followed Greeley’s advice for he did go expertise led to his appointment as assistant west to write for the Sacramento Union. to J D Whitney, the head of the California The mining activity in that area interested Geological Survey. While in California, he him, and Amos traveled to Europe to study met and married his wife, Anne Bondfield at the Universities of Frieberg and Muncih Curtis, the daughter of a mill owner in for three years, graduating in Civil and NewJersey in April 1871. Two of their Mining Engineering. While in Europe he children were born in California. After the travelled all around, writing for Greely and funding for the California Geological the New York Tribune. Survey terminated in about 1873, he worked for private companies as a mining engineer for several years. In 1874 he prepared a report and maps for the California Water Co. of the Georgetown Divide, and for the Central Pacific RW on the mining possibilities of their land holdings. He then moved to Seattle where he worked for the NPRR as a mining engineer in the coal fields near Seattle and the Olympia Tenino RR. While in Seattle, he became aware of the potential for Fidalgo Island as a future railroad terminus and harbor. Amos bought 168 acres from Miss Maud Stevens, daughter of Isaac Stevens, at the northern tip of Fidalgo Isand. And in 1877 the family moved there, built a home, a wharf and a store. He named the post office Anacortes, for his wife Anne Curtis. The corruption may have been on purpose, by error, or by mandate of the Postal Service, but the name has continued to the large city of today. The Northwest Enterprise, his newspaper from Figure 16 Anne Curtis Bowman. (Photo Anacortes was created soon, later merging courtesy of Skagit River Journal, www.skagitriverjournal.com.) into the Daily Progress. He made a map of Anacortes and its railway potential to send all over the U. S. to promote the town. In He returned to California in 1863 and 1880 he platted the present town at the participated in the survey of the California northern tip of his claim. Nevada border. Soon he was hired as the

185 in the townsite business, so in 1882 he took employment with the Canadian Geological Survey, working in British Columbia. He mapped and reported on the 4000 square miles of the Cariboo Mining Region, publishing the report in 1888. In 1887 Amos published a report, “Mining Develpoments on the Northwester Pacific Coast.” During this time Amos was gone a lot to both the U. S. and Canada, working Figure 17 Amos Bowman's Store at Anacortes. . (Photo courtesy of Skagit River Journal, www.skagitriverjournal.com.) on mining projects. The year 1888 brought brighter prospects, and he returned to Anacortes. The Washington Surveyor General, under Special Instructions, issued him an appointment as a U. S Deputy Surveyor and a contract to survey Saddlebag and Hat Islands in T35N R2E just northeast of Anacortes. His axeman was Oliver B. Iverson, a U. S. Deputy Surveyor and sometimes draftsman for the General Land Office in Olympia. His connection probably had something to do with the awarding of the contract. The field work of triangulating and traversing was accomplished in a week in November, 1888, and the notes were approved in June 1889. He was paid the total of $45 for the contract and survived charges by surveyor Arthur. M. White. Between 1888 and 1890 the town boomed. A railroad started East, a school Figure 18. Amos Bowman. (Photo from “An and high school were built, and two mills, a Illustrated History of Skagit and Snohomish Counties”, door factory, a brewery, 6 large docks, as Interstte Publishing Co., 1906) Things were slower than he expected 186 opera house, a street car line and an electris principles, and clean walk have made him light system were all constructed. Near the one of the leading men of the county and on end of 1890 there was the start of a panic, account of his extensive work in the railroads were going out of business and northwest, he is well known and prominent Anacortes didn’t look as promising. By over a large field. 1893 the Oregon Improvement Company Edson D. Briggs was born in Franklin, went broke, the railroad to the East stopped Vermont, on March 5, 1851, being the son after 33 miles, there would be no western of Erasmus D. and Paulina (Truax) Briggs. terminus for Anacortes, and everyone left. The father was born in Franklin Vermont, in The Bowmans stayed until Amos died in 1812 and died in 1882, being from an old June 1894, feeling his efforts were a failure. and prominent Vermont family. The mother Anne moved to Sumas and later died in was born in lower Canada in 1828 and died California in 1906, but is buried next to in 1861. Our subject was educated in the Amos. There wasn’t even enough money Vermont University, paying especial for a gravestone for Amos. By 1896 attention to surveying and civil engineering. however, Anacortes was coming back with When twenty, his stirring spirit led him to canneries and sawmills. the west and he was soon in government Amos Bowman was a member of the work in Washington. He surveyed all of California Geological Survey, the Whitman, Asotin, and Adams counties, also Geological Survey of the Dominion of much other lands. In 1882 he went to Canada, the American Institute of Mining Garfield County and was promptly elected Engineers, a Fellow of the Geological county surveyor on the Republican ticket, Society of America, and a United States and he remained there in office until 1889. Deputy Surveyor. Bowman Bay on Fidalgo In that year he came to Lewiston and took a Island is named after Amos Bowman. position on the government survey of the reservation, where he was engaged for four years. He also surveyed the battle grounds of the Nez Perces war on the Whitebird and Edson D. Briggs other places. In 1898, he was nominated as county surveyor and was elected on the (1851-1907) Republican ticket, although the ticket was turned down in many respects. At the close From: “An Illustrated History of North of that term, he was promptly elected and is Idaho.”vii still holding that important position as also that of city engineer. On March 20, 1880, at Lewiston, Mr. DSON D.BRIGGS, the big hearted, Briggs married Mrs. Carter, widow Esociable and popular county surveyor of of Lewis M. Carter, whose father Mr. Nez Perces county and city engineer of Benton is a Methodist preacher. Lewiston, is kept constantly in office on Mrs. Briggs was born in Indiana, as were account of his excellent work, his fine her parents, and she has the following ability, his comprehensive and thorough brothers and sisters, Helen Johnson. Mary knowledge and his efficiency and Johnson, Joel H., Mrs. W. F. Kittenbaugh. faithfulness in discharging any duty that is Mr. Briggs has one brother and one sister, incumbent upon him. These combined Sewall, Bertha Anderson. One child has qualities, together with his integrity, sound been born to this union, Grace Maurice

187 Briggs, who graduated from the state normal Deciding to visit the Pacific coast, he school in Lewiston, Idaho, in June, 1903. returned to New York city in the fall of 1851 Mr. Briggs is a thirty-second degree Mason and embarked by steamer, via the Panama and the youngest ever made, it being done route, landing at San Francisco in April, by special dispensation when he was twenty- 1852. Following the tide of emigration, he two, while the required age is thirty-five. then visited the mines on the American Mrs. Briggs is a member of the Methodist river, but after a few months, with no church. flattering success, he returned to San Mr. Briggs had two uncles and cousins Francisco and embarked for Oregon to join killed in the Civil war. His great- his uncle, , then residing at grandfather, Elias Tinexst, was born in 1772 . While there he engaged with and died one hundred and three years later. David P. Thompson in running the first He read the declaration of independence on standard parallel west from the Willamette the fourth when he was one hundred years meridian. Completing this work about old. It was his desire to live to celebrate the January 1, 1854, he went to Shoal Water bay one hundredth anniversary of independence, to look after the estate of his deceased but he died a little too soon, but being an brother, Joel L. Brown, a pioneer of 1849. aged and stanch patriot. After settling the affairs of the estate, Mr. Brown went to Cowlitz County and engaged with Henry Stearns in sectionizing several townships of that country and in running the Freeman W. Brown fourth standard parallel west of the - Willamette Meridian. (1832-1816+) In the spring of 1855 Mr. Brown enlisted in Company B, Captain Gilmore Hayes of From “The History of Washington”viii: Second Battalion, commanded by Colonel B. F. Shaw. Their service began upon the REEMAN W. BROWN, a resident of Puyallup River and numbered the severe FOlympia and prominently connected battles of Connell's prairie, White River, with the surveys, of the Territory of Green River, a continuous fight while Washington, was born in Washington crossing the Cascades, and the battles of County, Vermont, September 2, 1832, son of Um.atilla and Grand Ronde in eastern Leonard and Mary (Whitcomb) Brown, Oregon, besides a huge number of natives of that State, descended from the skirmishes. He continued in the service pioneer settlers of New England. about twelve months. Mr. Brown was educated in the primary Returning to Olympia, he engaged in and high schools of Washington County, Government work until 1857. Then he taking the advanced academic studies and taught school three winters, first in Portland, paying particular attention to the higher afterward in Milwaukee and then in North mathematics in view of the profession of Salem. The summer of 1859 he spent with civil engineer. In the spring of 1850 he went an exploring and prospecting party through to western New York and attended the Cascades, Blue and . Randolph College, continuing his In the spring of 1860 he went to the mines of mathematical studies, and in the fall he and Mormon Basin, engaged in engineering work in Iowa, remaining till the spring of 1861. performing work for the Government.

188 Mr. Brown went to California in 1861 and Railroad Company, in making geological enlisted in the First Regiment, California and mineralogical surveys in the Cascade Volunteers, Colonel E. D. Baker. He was mountains. Ile has also made extensive detailed to the Quartermaster Department topographical surveys of the Rocky and located at Benicia, and after six months mountains and the southern part of Alaska, was discharged, as his regiment had gone to passing through tribe after tribe of Indians the front. He then came to Oregon and who had never before looked upon the face enlisted in Company B, Oregon Volunteers, of a white man. Mr. Brown by tact and Captain C. P. Crandall, which was stationed diplomacy secured their friendship and at Steilacoom; was again detailed to the retained their respect. Quartermaster Department, and continued in In 1887 he built his present cottage that service until the close of the war, residence on laud he had purchased in 1885, receiving his discharge in the fall of 1865. it being located on East Side street in East In the spring of 1866 he took a contract Olympia, and here he and his family have under the Territorial government of since resided. He sold his farm in 1889 for Washington to make a topographical survey the handsome sun of $8,500. Since coming and map of the Skagit River and tributaries, to Olympia his time has been fully occupied the passes of the Cascade mountains, Lake in general survey work, and since the Chelan, and the northern part of the territory summer of 1892 he has been employed in east of the mountains. He made this survey, tideland surveys for the State. returning by the Wenatchee and Sauk Rivers Mr. Brown's marriage in the spring of to Puget Sound, and completed his work by 1867 has already been alluded to. Mrs. fall. The following winter he taught school Brown whose maiden name was Ellen E. at , Oregon, and in the spring Mathiot, is of French descent. Her father, of 1867 settled on his homestead, eight 'John Mathiot, came to this coast in 1853. miles south of Olympia. He had married Following are the names of their four that spring, and to his home took his bride. children: Frederick J., Edward M., Joel L. Here his family resided until 1887, he and Nellie P. meanwhile engaging in public and private Mr. Brown is a member of the George H surveys and during the intervals of service Thomas Post, G. A. R. He is a man of employing his time by grubbing stumps and honesty and strict integrity, ever true to the ditching and draining marshes, thus responsibilities devolving upon him, and is reclaiming 130 acres of nature's wilds and highly respected by all with whom he is making one of the finest farms in the county. brought in contact, either socially or in a His more important workduring this business connection. period was the sectionizing of five townships on the Kalama river in 1872, and surveying the preliminary line for the Northern Pacific Railroad between Olympia Robert E. Lee and the Cowlitz River. In 1875 he ran a preliminary railroad line from Olympia to Brown (1865-1902) the south side of Gray's Harbor, and about 1878 located the line for the Olympia and From: An Obituary in the New Gray's Harbor Railroad. During 1887 and York Times, Published October 20, 1888 he was engaged with the Pennsylvania 1902. Land Company and the Northern Pacific DEATH OF R. E. L. BROWN.

189 Mining Engineer of Wide Reputation— of the Judge who had decided in Brown's His Profitable Venture in the favor. Transvaal. Mr. Brown was a native of Pennsylvania, Robert E. Lee Brown, whose death in but spent little time in that State. For years Arizona of hasty consumption was he was in California, Idaho, British. announced yesterday, was a familiar figure Columbia, and other mining countries. in New York hotels, until sickness seized While in the Far West he gained the him about three months ago. Mr. Brown sobriquet of "Barbarian" because he issued a made his home at the Hoffman House. He paper with that title defending the policy of was a very genial companion, and by reason mine owners and denouncing the unions. of his many visits to all parts of the world, His life was often threatened, and he had coupled with his keen observance, was a many narrow escapes. Mr. Brown's fatal most entertaining conversationalist. He was illness resulted from a severe cold accredited one of the best-equipped mining contracted in London early last Spring. engineers in the world. He accumulated an immense fortune in mining enterprises, and one of his assets is a judgment for more than $2,000,000 against William Flemming the former Transvaal Government, which it is expected will liquidate. Mr. Byars (1871-….) Brown prospected some lands opened to settlers by the then President, and having From: “An Illustrated History of Klickitat, Yakima and Kittitas faith in their value, took the entire lot, with Counties”ix: Interstate Publishing Co., 1904.

ILLIAM FLEMING BYARS, editor Wand proprietor of the Goldendale Sentinel and deputy county surveyor of Klickitat county, was born in Wilbur, Oregon, February 26, 1871. He is the son of William H. and Emma A. (Slocum) Byars, the father being one of Oregon's most prominent and popular citizens. William H. Byars, who is also a newspaper man, was Figure 19. Robert E. Lee Brown grave marker in born in Iowa in 1839, the descendant of a the Pioneer and Military Memorial Park in Virginia family. He crossed the Plains to Phoenix, AZ. (Photo from Arizonagravestones.com Oregon in the fifties with his mother and stepfather, John Mires, and settled in some friends. When Kruger learned of their Douglas County. As a young man he fabulous value he recalled his decree. Mr. became United States mail carrier on the Brown began proceedings and obtained a Oregon-California route and during the verdict for more than, $2,000,000, a had some very narrow escapes circumstance that is alleged-to have so from death. He was on the early annoyed Kruger that he caused the removal government surveys through Oregon and Washington and still follows that line of

190 work. His first newspaper was the Roseburg until the next summer. Then he returned to Plaindealer, which he purchased in 1873 and Klickitat county and resumed charge of the changed to a Republican journal. He was paper, and has continued in charge ever elected state printer in 1882 and while in since. Gradually he has acquired the Salem bought the Daily Statesman, which he interests of others in the plant until at conducted for several years. He was one of present he is practically the sole proprietor. the founders of the Daily and Weekly The Sentinel has the distinction of having Journal. Besides holding the position of city been the only Republican paper in the only engineer of Salem, he was for a number .of Republican county of eastern Washington at years Surveyor General of Oregon with the time of President McKinley's first headquarters at Portland. He was afterward election. It is a progressive, ably edited appointed commandant of the Soldiers' journal, which has not only acquired a high Home in Roseburg and served in that standing at home, but is well known capacity four years. In the early seventies throughout the state. A comprehensive he was at the head of the Umpqua Academy sketch of the Sentinel appears in the press and also served as superintendent of schools chapter. of Douglas County. At present Mr. Byars Mr. Byars was married at Goldendale, makes his home in Salem, where he follows May 4, 1893, to Miss Ada Nesbitt, a his engineering profession. His wife is a daughter of Hon. Joseph Nesbitt of this city. native of Kentucky; her father was born in He was one of Klickitat's pioneers and a Massachusetts and mother in Ohio. The prominent citizen during his entire life. At family crossed the Plains to Oregon in the one time he served this district in the early fifties, settling in Douglas County. legislature. He was county commissioner William F. remained with his parents six years and county auditor two terms. At throughout all his early life, living in the time of his death, quite recently, he was Wilbur, Roseburg, Salem and Portland. He manager of the Goldendale Milling was graduated from the public schools of Company. Miss Nesbitt was born in Salem and took a business, scientific and . She is a graduate of the Latin course in the . Conservatory of Music, of Willamette During his father's service as Surveyor University, Salem, and is an accomplished General, William was draughtsman and musician. Mr. and Mrs. Byars have five clerk in the office and at this time, also, children, William Nesbitt, , Alfred attended the Oregon Law School in Theodore, and Marguerite and Miriam, Portland. Very early in life he learned the twins. Mr. Byars has one brother living, Dr. printer's trade, so that he might assist his Alfred H. Byars, residing in California, and father, and also acquired a thorough one dead, Dr. J. Rex Byars, at one time knowledge of surveying, being now a surgeon on the line of the Portland & Asiatic United States deputy surveyor. His first Steamship Company; he also has two sisters, work was with his father on the survey for Mrs. S. W. Thompson and Miss Vera, living the extension of the Oregon & California in Salem. Fraternally, Mr. Byars is Railroad from Roseburg in 1881. In 1893 connected with the Masons, Knights of Mr. Byars came to Goldendale, and took Pythias, Artisans and the Modern charge of the Sentinel, being a stockholder. Woodmen. In 1899 he was appointed After a six months' stay, he returned to county surveyor by the board of Portland and worked as a draughtsman in commissioners and served the rest of the the United States surveyor general's office term; he had acted in that capacity before for

191 several months, also as deputy assessor. Mr. a student there the had the Byars has been connected with various biggest flood ever known. public enterprises since he came to Klickitat "About the time our family moved from County and in private, official and Wilbur to Roseburg, the Oregon and professional life has ever sought the welfare California railroad was completed between of his community. Energetic, able and with Portland and Roseburg. It was ten years progressive ideas, he is one of Goldendale's later that the work was resumed and the popular business men and a citizen of connection between Roseburg and influence. California completed. "Roseburg was a busy place before extension of the railroad to California. After From: The Klickitat County News, the train had gotten in from Portland, the Goldendale, WA., June 28, 1934, P4 mail distributed and the inner man attended to, a big stage drawn by six horses could Postmaster W.F. Byars, on being leave about seven o'clock for California. requested to tell some of the incidents of his Since the horses were changed about every life, said he did like the idea as people might twelve miles, an average speed of about six think he was getting old. miles an hour was maintained. Then too, "Don't you know some of these young there were the big freight wagons and fellows around town speak of me as 'old trailers going and coming at all hours of the man Byars?" day and night, some with 20 horses and "After all, I guess I'm getting old. It has mules attached and the leaders with their been 81 years since my parents passed down bells jingling. the Columbia for the first time. Of course "I had a wild ride on top of one of those they weren't married then. stages when I was 11 years old. My father "I was born in Wilbur, Oregon February had a government surveying contract on 26, 1871. My father was a teacher in the Canyon and Cow creeks south of Umpqua Academy. The town got its name Canyonville and we were camped on from Father Wilbur, who was in charge of Canyon creek near the summit. Instructions the Yakima Indian Reservation. Wilbur came to me from Roseburg to take the stage street in Goldendale was named in his home as they were short of help in the honor. printing office. When the stage came along, "When I was two years old my father "it was loaded to the gun-wales", so Willie purchased the "Roseburg Plaindealer". So had to ride on top of the coach back of the for that reason our family became residents driver. The only protection one had from of the county seat of 'Old Douglas'. falling off was the low iron rail around the "When but a young man, my father had edge of the top. It was forty years the contract for carrying the U.S. mail afterwards that I passed through Canyon between Oakland, Oregon and Yreka, creek canyon again. The paved highway California. He also served Douglas county superseded the corduroy road and the several times has surveyor and as school automobile of the stage coach. superintendent. At the latter part of the "I learned how to stick type when I was Civil War he was in the Oregon Cavalry. ten years old. I had to put the big dictionary Previous to his enlistment he attended on a stool to be tall enough. It may be I Willamette University for two years. While imbibed so much spelling knowledge from

192 such contact that I was able to spell down when I did. Oregon has furnished three the school the following year. members of our Supreme Court, Oregon "In those days it was customary to paste Dunbar, an old-time resident of Goldendale, the posters on the wall at the back end of the who is buried in the South Salem cemetery, office. One of them was a campaign poster Mark Fullerton and Steve Chadwick. All with a big eagle printed on it. The reading have passed to the great beyond. Judge matter ran something like this: Grand Deady, of Portland, I believe came from ratification at the court house tonight. Douglas county, and married Speeches by Hon. , L.G. a daughter of Aaron , the founder of Wells, G.O. Holman and others. Music by Roseburg. The two Rose boys, Aaron and the band 'Marching to Victory'. Ladies Johnny, were my school mates and cronies. invited. Come everybody. The latter died before I left Roseburg. "As a small boy I remember the "I might mention as old school mates, presidential campaign of Garfield and Schiller Hermann, now of Portland, Roscoe Hancock. We kids took as much interest in Oakes, a San Francisco millionaire, and the campaign has the older people. Our Louis Belfils, now of Oakland, Cal. Schiller chief argument went something like this: Hermann was a member of the Oregon Garfield rides a white horse. Hancock rides legislature and is a son of Binger Hermann, a mule. Garfield is a gentleman and formerly a member of congress and Hancock is a fool." commissioner of the general land office "Rutherford B. Hayes, the only president I under McKinley. have ever seen, passed through Roseburg Judge Austin Mires, my father's half when I lived there. Of course I knew ex- brother and the first mayor of Ellensburg, President Hoover when he was a young man made his home with us while he was a mail at Salem. clerk on the run between Portland and "I remember General , one of Roseburg. He afterwards graduated from Oregon's territorial governors, who was a the Ann Harbor, Mich., law school and Roseburg resident. The bodies of General located at Ellensburg, where he has resided lane and his wife are reposing in a twin vault for over fifty years. He is the only living in the Masonic cemetery northwest of member of the Washington State Roseburg, which is adjacent to the new U.S. Constitutional Convention. Hospital grounds. His wife was a Catholic. "There were 12 Hendricks brothers, of Their grandson, Father Lane, who attended whom 2 H.H. and Robert, learned the school at Roseburg when I did, has been a printing game on the old Roseburg pastor of the Albany, Oregon church for Plaindealer. H.H. became a reporter on the many years. One of General Lane's sons, Oregon Statesman, after my father was Lafayette, was a member of congress, and elected state treasurer and bought an interest Harry was the mayor of Portland and U.S. in the Statesman. When Wheeler county Senator. was established Gov. Z.F. Moody appointed On a hill, in the northwest part of Old him superintendent of schools. He Roseburg, was the Chadwick home. Mr. afterwards studied law and has been a Chadwick became and resident of Fossil for the past fifty years. governor. His son, Stephen Chadwick, Bob, as he was known to us, became owner became a supreme judge of this state. After of the Statesman and was its editor for over we moved to Salem, a younger brother and forty years. He is a resident of Salem. sister attended the old East Salem school

193 "I have to distribute some mail, so will tell go on a temporary walk built above the you more at a later date." water. We also went to Mt. Tabor to visit Mr. and Mrs. Henness. Mrs. Henness was a cousin of my father her former husband From: The Klickitat County News, being Mr. Ross for whom Ross Island was Goldendale, WA, July 5, 1934, page 4. named. "There wasn't very many homes in East Adding to his remarks of last week, W.F. Portland in those days. About all I can Byars, local postmaster, has given The News remember were bridges and water and the more interesting information. A second state asylum, which was then located in East interview reads: Portland. The trip was made in a cab, which "There is a correction I wish you would to me was a new experience. These are of a make. Gov. Moody appointed H.H. past generation and are seen no more. Hendricks superintendent of schools of "In 1882 to my father, W.H. Byars was Gilliam County, not Wheeler. The latter elected state printer of Oregon. He attended county was taken off the south end of the session of the legislature and that winter Gilliam at a later date. All counties east of and we moved to Salem in February, 1883. the Cascades in Oregon, Washington and "At that time Salem was not the city it is Nevada were in the beginning part of Wasco today. It had no paved streets or sewers and County, Oregon. cows which permitted to run in the streets. "H.H. Hendricks was one of my So my father decided to take our two cows teachers in the Roseburg public schools. to Salem and a box car was secured from the So was Attorney F.C. Brodie formerly in R.R. Co. as a means of transportation. My the law business here with E.C. Ward. When father, brother Fred and I went with the Mr. Brodie was my teacher, he had whiskers cows in the box car. At Junction City the which were very dark. After leaving train stopped for the night and we slept at Roseburg I did not see Mr. Brodie again the hotel. About noon the next day we until about thirty-five years. He was then a arrived at Salem. We had our first meal at court stenographer in Portland. As he no the Chemekete hotel on the southeast corner longer wore a beard, he was a very different of Commercial and Ferry streets. This hotel man in appearance than my school teacher is now called 'The Marion.' Across the of former days. street to the west was the post office. As my "The summer before we left Roseburg we brother and I stood on the hotel corner attended the state fair at Salem and camped viewing the sights, with thought Salem was at the fairgrounds. To me it was something some burg and the hotel equal to any in the wonderful, especially the fire-works display Northwest. at the race track on the night of the Fourth. "Right here I will tell you some unwritten After the fair was over we went to Portland, Oregon history. Gen. W.H. Odell preceded stopping at the Esmond and St. Charles my father as state printer. He had been hotels on the corner of the Front and elected two years before on account of the Morrison streets. It was something great to death of the preceding state printer, as it was take a ride in those horse-drawn street cars. supposed, to complete the unfinished term There was very high water in the Columbia of the decedent. Mr. Odell told my father, that year, and when we visited the as he understood the law, he had two years Oregonian office, then on the southeast longer. Rather than go into court, they corner of Stark and Front streets, we had to agreed to leave the matter with Judge Lord

194 and abide by his decision. The judge was of Republican floor leader, is mentioned as the the opinion that Gen. Odell could serve two next Republican nominee for president and more years. Rather than have the office has been voted as the smartest man in the expire at a different time that the term of the Senate by representatives of the press. His regular state offices, they decided to go into brother John was county clerk, district a partnership. Mr. Odell and attorney, district judge and is now one of the were the owners of the Oregon Daily and U.S. Circuit Judges at Portland. Weekly Statesman, so my father purchased "Squire Farrar, who lived across the street Mr. Gesner's interest in the paper and took from us, on the south end of the block, was a over the duties of the state printer. state senator and postmaster. His nephew, "Mr. Odell got the title of "General' on Johnny Farrar, who lived on the same block account of having been surveyor-general of we did, was postmaster for several terms. Oregon. Subsequently my father became John Coffee, who lived across the street surveyor general and thereafter was known from us on the north end of the block, after as Gen. W.H. Byars. You have no doubt he moved to Portland, became a member of noticed that Mr. Odell and my father had the the legislature and county clerk. He worked same initials. They were close friends up to for A.B. Crossman, who conducted a the time of their death, which occurred about mercantile store in Salem. He became P.M. the same time, Gen. Odell passing away at Salem and after his removal to Portland, soon after attending my father's funeral. became postmaster there. "My father purchased the Odell residence made his home near ours when a resident of on Commercial street, being the second Salem and became president of the United house north of Marion Square. My youngest States. The present representative in sister, Vera owns the old home, the place of congress, Mr. Mott, resided across the street her birth. Her husband is Attorney Ronald from our home when a young man. John Glover, who was for years private secretary Monto formerly sheriff of Marion county, to former Congressman. W.C. Hawley. became a Collector of Customs and Attorney Glover's brother was at one time a postmaster at Portland. I.C. Patterson was a conductor on the Goldendale-Lyle railroad State Senator from Marion county, was and is now engaged in the mercantile Collector of Customs and became governor business at Underwood. After Gen. Odell's of Oregon. There were several other Salem retirement from the newspaper business, he citizens who became Oregon's governor. was appointed postmaster. He appointed When former Governor was in brother Fred mailing clerk. Goldendale recently, he told me that Charlie "Salem, according to its size, has McNary, himself, and brother Fred were the produced more public men than any other champion marble players in the Salem city and the United States. Within a quarter public schools. He and Fred used to hunt of a mile from our home in Salem, might be rats together in the Salem alleys, shooting at mentioned the following: Charlie McNary the "varmints" with their 22's. lived on Commercial Street in the block "When I was a boy in Salem, they had the north. He was appointed to the Supreme horseless carriage. Z.F. Moody of The Court by Gov. Oswald West, who lived a Dalles was governor when my father was block south of us and on the opposite side of state printer. My father had purchased a the street. Charlie McNary was defeated for new set of encyclopedias and the governor the nomination for the Supreme Court by desired to inspect them. My worthy sire one vote. He was elected U.S. Senator, is ordered Willie to deliver the set at the

195 governor's mansion, about a mile distant. The only conveyance handy was the baby William H. Byars buggy. So into said vehicle were loaded the books and "yours truly" delivered the set, (1839-….) but he did not take the main streets or have any band lead the procession. From: Oregon Historical Quarterly: "You may not know it", but I have been a Over the Brush and Through the Trees: famous artist in my time. Mrs. Belle Cooke, Surveying, 1900-1909, by Ray L. Stout. who resided on the block north of us, gave Volume LXXIII, No. 4, December, 1972. drawing and painting lessons. I became one of her pupils and one of my productions was a crayon of the stallion "White Prince." I H. Byars was born in Iowa in 1839 entered the picture at the state fair under Wand came to Douglas County, crayons produced by boys under fourteen. I Oregon, with his family in 1853. He carried was able to draw down $4.00 for two years. mail in the mid-I850s from Oakland, Ore- I was such a fine artist that no other boy gon, to Yreka, California, and studied to be would compete against me. a teacher at Columbia College (Eugene), "I was also a great 'cub reporter.' I met Willamette University (Salem), and after the trains to get personals for the visiting the Idaho mines in the 1860s and 'Statesman.' One day a circus came to town serving with the Oregon Volunteers, and I did not show up at the office. My completed his studies at Wilbur Academy in father wanted to know the reason of my Douglas County. After teaching there he absence. I told him something might have was elected county school superintendent, happened at the circus and the paper miss later county surveyor, and was a U.S. deputy the 'scoop.' Of course he had to grin and surveyor from the early 1870s through 1909. bear it. He also published the Roseburg Plain Dealer "A musician by the name of Jones moved for some years, and was elected Oregon from Salem to Roseburg and organized a state printer. He served as Salem city boy's band. They got a contract playing for surveyor, and was appointed U.S. Surveyor- the state fair and some of the boys stayed at General for Oregon about 1890. His last our house. After they went home, we surveying work was in northeastern organized a boys' band hit in Salem. Prof. Washington, and is described towards the Coomer, who was the leader of the Salem end of the present account. band, was our instructor. After the juvenile band got to going good, he took several of (Narrative of Ray L. Stout follows this the players and put them in the older band. short biography in the OHQ.) That was the finish of the junior band. Later, when attending Willamette (OHQ denied permission to post this University, we organized a school band and article here on this site, but it is available in gave a steamboat excursion to Albany to hardcopy format by accessing it at a local raise funds toward paying for the library.) instruments. I have a baritone horn which was used in the Goldendale band for over 40 Editor’s note: See the Biography of his years. son, William F Byars on this web

196 Nachess Pass. Moving down on Mound Prairie, they located a place fourteen miles south of Olympia. Here on these healthful Charles Newton fields the boy grew up to manhood, and, becoming of age, took a course in the Byles (1844-1897) Portland Commercial College. This opened the way to an extensive From: “History of the Pacific contract of government surveying, lasting Northwest, Oregon and Washington”x, four years, which was performed with the 1889. assistance of a brother. With the avails of this work he bought the present site of Montesano, originally owned by a Mr. King. ON. CHARLES N. BYLES. - This is In 1883 he laid out the present city, and used one of the town builders of the west. H all means to build up the town, making it Out of his farm on Mound Prairie he has remarkably prosperous and flourishing for a made Montesano a place of twelve hundred place in a region already well settled. In six people. His father was a Presbyterian years it has gained over one thousand inhabitants. In June, 1887, the bank was established, I.W. Case of Astoria being one of the incorporators, and Mr. Byles the manager. In the political field he has been a conspicuous Republican, serving as county auditor from 1872 to 1876 and from 1876 to 1884 as county treasurer. He was married in 1870 to Miss Elizabeth J. Medcalf at Montesano. His domestic life has been as happy as his public career has been successful; and his home has been blessed by six children; four of whom are living.

From: Obituary of Charles N. Byles, January 29, 1897 in the Montesano Vidette.

In every community there is nearly always to be found some man to whom, more than Figure 20. Charles N. Byles. to any other, his fellow citizens look to and depend upon in the affairs of business which minister of Madisonville, Kentucky. concern the interests of that community. In Charles was born in 1844. In 1853 the any proposition which is brought forward family crossed the plains, and upon reaching for the consideration of the people the Wallula struck out northwestward to the question is sure to be asked, what does he Sound, crossing the mountains via. the think of it? And if the question be answered by saying that the one spoken of favors the

197 proposition, and is willing to do what he can needed it (and who does not at times?); a to make it a success, you will find a majority hand always open to aid those who needed of his townsmen favoring it also. it; with a fund of sympathy which caused In Montesano, C. N. Byles occupied that him to grieve with those bereft; with a position. No matter what proposition was fortune which enabled him to follow the brought before the people, it was to him that dictates of his promptings and give largely all turned as to one who could be depended to all public enterprises; arid withal, the fact upon to act for the best interests of the town, that he was a thoroughly consistent and and if he endorsed and approved the honest Christian, such a man could not be measure it was considered that it would be a taken from any community without leaving. success. While a thoroughly conservative a deep feeling of regret and grief over his man on all questions, he was a liberal departure, and especially is this the case here subscriber to any measure which would tend where the great services of Mr. Byles to the to the advancement of Montesano, whether people are known and recognized by in business, social or educational matters, it everyone; where his uprightness of character mattered not, he was the one who was was such as to form an example to the always looked to as the main one to insure younger generations, and an admonition to success. those older. Having practically founded the town of To very few men are given the qualities of Montesano (he platted the three blocks character which enable them to occupy for which lie on the west side of Main street, in years as prominent a position as did Mr. 1882), Mr. Byles was always particularly Byles, and yet retain the respect and esteem interested in seeing the town advance and of all in the marked degree in which he did. prosper, and was never found wanting when Montesano indeed loses greatly by the death called upon to aid in raising any of the of C. N. Byles, and The Vidette has never numerous subsidies which Montesano has been called upon to chronicle any donated to the mills which have been misfortune to the town which will be more located here; but on the contrary, was severely felt. always one of the heaviest subscribers toward the measures. He served the people of the city and From: The Baker Family Tree on county in many public capacities, as county ancestry.com, compiled by Judy Root auditor, county treasurer, mayor, councilman, school director, and school Charles N. Byles clerk, and in each and every office he gave the people honest, able, conscientious and The following account of the death of efficient service, and it speaks volumes for Charles N. BYLES is taken from a his character to be able to say, and say truly, Washington paper of date of January 29, that in one of the several offices he filled 1897. were his services anything but satisfactory to Mr. BYLES was formerly a citizen of those he served. Hopkins County and has many relatives Of the highest integrity, so thoroughly living in the county at this time: conscientious in all his dealings, that "as honest as Charles Byles" was the highest The city flag at half-mast early Tuesday certificate you could give a person; with a morning announced to the citizens of word of encouragement for those who Montesano that Charles N. BYLES, the

198 founder of the town of Montesano, and her Martha (BINNS) MEDCALF, worthy foremost citizen, had passed away. While pioneers of Washington. the announcement had been expected for After his marriage, Mr. BYLES resided several weeks, the stern reality caused a no on his farm until in July, 1871, when he less feeling of profound sorrow at the secured a contract from the United States untimely death of one who had done so government as surveyor. His wife acted for much for the community and stood so high him as postmaster, and during the winter in the estimation of all. seasons he was engaged in teaching. In the Mr. BYLES had suffered from asthma and spring of 1872 he left his wife in charge of heart troubles for many years, and many the post office and farm and went on an times has been at death's door. Had he extended surveying expedition, returning in given up his interests in Montesano and the autumn to resume teaching. He gone to a different climate a few years ago, purchased an addition 160 acres adjoining his useful life might have been prolonged his farm and carried on agricultural pursuits for many years. But he considered this his until 1882. He was appointed deputy county post of duty and remained faithful to the auditor in the fall of 1872, and had served in end. this capacity one year when he was elected Mr. BYLES was seized with an attack of county auditor; he held this office four the grip early in the fall; he recovered years, and was treasurer of the county six sufficiently to go to the polls in November years, being elected three successive terms; and cast his vote for the Republican a fourth time the office was tendered him, candidates, as had always been his custom. but he declined. In the affairs of the city he The diseases which had long battled for his was no less prominent. For several terms, life took a fresh hold, and despite the best of he occupied the responsible position of care and most skillful medical aid that could mayor of the city, and also served several be secured, the end came all too soon. years on the city council. He took an The funeral services were held at the especial interest in school matters and was a Methodist church Thursday afternoon, and member of the school board from the first according to the request of Mr. BYLES, organization of the district until his death. were conducted by his old-time pastor, Rev. In the Methodist church in Montesano, he W. I. COSPER, assisted by Revs. SMITH was truly one of the pillars, and was one of and STRYCKER. Despite the terribly the stewards of that organization from its disagreeable weather, the church was filled beginning until the present time. The to overflowing. Many were present from success of these two institutions is very other towns of the county to pay their last largely due to the faithful and efficient work respects to their esteemed friend. (Source: of Mr. BYLES. Madisonville (Ky.) Hustler, Tue, July 20, The first bank in Montesano was 1897) organized by Mr. BYLES on the first of In the fall of 1869, he took up the June, 1887; it was a private institution under profession of pedagogue, teaching in a little the name of C.N. BYLES & Co., with a paid schoolhouse, which stood in the limits of the up capital of $10,000. In April, 1890, the present site of Montesano, this was in April, Bank of Montesano grew out of the private 1870. On the 23d of the following June he bank, being organized with a capital of was united in marriage to Elizabeth J. $75,000. Mr. BYLES, who was one of the MEDCALF, a daughter of William and largest stockholders, was elected president, and except for a few months in 1894,

199 retained that position until his death. The arrived in Olympia November 21, 1853 and confidence which the public reposed in Mr. shortly afterward he took up a claim on BYLES is largely due the fact that the bank Mound Prairie where he worked his farm on came safely through the trying times of week days and on Sundays preached. He 1893. Mr. BYLES was also a stockholder in would go for miles on foot or horseback but the Montesano Water company, and a large always preached every Sunday. He was a holder of real estate in Montesano and other Cumberland Presbyterian minister. He was parts of the county. also a charter member of the A.F. & A.M. Mr. BYLES leaves a wife and four Grand Mound Lodge Number 3, having children-Francis W., assistant cashier in the joined in the Madison Lodge in Bank of Montesano, Annie R., Martha B., Madisonville, Kentucky in 1840. He died and Sarah Naoma. Other surviving relatives February 26, 1869 at his home on Grand are an elder brother, David F., of Elma; two Mound Prairie, leaving his wife, two sons, sisters, Mrs. M. Z. GOODELL, of David F. Byles and my father, Charles N. Montesano, and Mrs. D. B. WARD, of Byles; two daughters, Mrs. M. Z. Goodell of Seattle. James BYLES, of Elma, was a Montesano and Mrs. D. B. Ward of Seattle. cousin of the deceased. All are now dead. http://boards.ancestry.com/surnames.byles Grandmother Byles, Sarah Usher, was /22.1/mb.ashx born October 7, 1811 in Virginia and in 1812 her parents moved to Kentucky where she met Charles Byles. She died January 22, 1883. They are both buried in the old Cemetery on Mound Prairie. From: Genealogy of Annie Byles Baker, William Medcalf, my grandfather, was as added by judybakerroot to her site at born April 10, 1813 in Dublin, Ireland. He ancestry.com on 22 Feb 2009 was of Scotch-Irish parentage. When five years old his parents came to Canada. His Elma, Washington early life was spent as a sailor on the Great October 1, 1946 . April 5, 1842 he was married to Martha Ann Binns at St. Thomas, Canada, Rev. Charles Byles, my grandfather, was and in 1845 he moved to Iowa, and in 1852 born in Warren County, Tennessee, August came across the plains and settled near 1809, and when a small child went to live Chehalis in Lewis County. In 1854, led by with his grandparents in North Carolina. an Indian guide, he made his way to what is When twenty years of age he moved to now Montesano and took up a claim. The Christian County, Kentucky, and in 1831 Indian War of 1855-56 kept the family from was married to Sarah W. Usher. In 1835 going down for another year. The settlers they moved to Hopkins County, Kentucky built a fort or stockade on Mound Prairie and remained there until 1853 when with his called Fort Henness and there the families brother, James, and family they started to stayed until the close of the war. the Northwest or Oregon Territory. This My mother and father were both there and train was the first to come into Puget Sound have told many funny stories of the times Basin directly from the states. They crossed they had. the Columbia River at Old Fort Walla Walla In 1857 they left Grand Mound for their now Wallula, then on over the - new home, going by canoes with Indians for - the first train to cross over that route. They guides down the Black River where Mr. I. L.

200 Scammon had built a little house for his bought an additional 160 acres and farmed family who had not yet arrived. The claim until 1882 when he plotted the three blocks Grandfather selected was west of Montesano which lie on the west side of Main Street. In and was known for years the Medcalf farm - 1872 he was appointed deputy auditor and - now it is in small tracts of homes. They after serving one year was elected auditor lived there nine months without seeing and served four years. He served six years another white woman or child. Their nearest as county treasurer and declined the fourth neighbor was Dr. Roundtree, who lived near term. He was treasurer when the county seat Black River and the nearest post office was was moved from lower Montesano to Grand Mound. The mail was brought to Montesano and carried the county money -- settlers by the Indians who charged fifty all in gold and silver -- in a pair of new cents for each letter or parcel. In seven leather boots. Needless to say, the boots years a post office was established and was were ruined as there were several thousand called Scammon's office. Several families dollars. He tied the boots together and had come in the mean time -- Joseph Mace, carried them across his shoulder. When he I. L. Scammons, W. K. Melville, A.F. got home he had asthma and was never free Smith, A.M. Chalmers, W.C. Carter, and from it -- said it broke his wind. Sam Williams. Church was always held in In 1886 he organized the Banking House his home -- the first by Rev. Lippincott and of C.N. Byles and Company and in 1890 it Rev. Charles Byles. He died November 10, grew into the present Bank of Montesano of 1893. He had two sons, John T. and Edward which he was President until he died. He J. Medcalf and three daughters, Elizabeth J. was Mayor of Montesano for several terms Byles, Annie M. Smith and Sarah M. and was called "Father of our City Schools" Arland, all of Montesano. having been a member of the Board of My grandmother, Martha Ann Binns Directors ever since their organization. He Medcalf was born February 23, 1814 near was a member of the M.E. Church and was Manchester, England and came to Canada in Sunday School Superintendent for twelve 1831, where she was married. She died in years and class teacher for twenty-five Montesano October 2, 1880. She and years. He died January 26, 1897, leaving his grandfather were one of the first members of wife and four children, Frank W. Byles, the M.E. Church in the Chehalis Valley Annie Baker, Martha Rosmond and Naomi organized August 19, 1860. Hall. My father, Charles N. Byles, was born in Elizabeth Jane Medcalf Byles, my mother, Madisonville, Kentucky, March 20, 1844, was born January 22, 1845 at Toronto, and crossed the plains with his family in Canada and came to Iowa in September 1853. He went to school in Thurston 1845 and crossed the plains with her parents County, then to the territorial University at in 1852. In 1859 the family moved to Seattle and to the Portland Business College Westport so the children, John Edward and -- graduated in 1869. He was Deputy U.S. Eliza, as mother was called, could attend the Surveyor and worked with his brother, three months of school. It was the first David, surveying in the summer months and school in the county and was taught by teaching school in the winter. In 1869 he Samuel C. Jones. When school was out they bought the present site of Montesano from a moved back to Montesano. Then in the Mr. King and taught school there in the spring of 1861 they moved to Cosmopolis to spring of 1870 and on June 23, 1870 he was attend the three months of school taught by married to Elizabeth Jane Medcalf. He James A. Karr, pioneer of Hoquiam. The

201 next year school was in South Montesano. woman. When Martha was married she Later she attended school at Grand Mound broke up housekeeping and made her home and then at Olympia. She was post mistress with her, where she died May 1, 1922. at Montesano when she was married and carried all the office [sic?] from her parents home to her new home about a mile, in her From: The Baker Family Tree on apron. Mail came first once a month, then twice a month and then as the settlement ancestry.com grew it came once a week. She was a great reader and kept the office so she could have all the papers and the few magazines to read. Byles Family Pioneers of Montesano: Father and mother started housekeeping in Jameson Recalls Early Days Here a little two room log house where Added by judybakerroot on 8 Feb 2008 Whiteside's Undertaking Parlors are now, and in 1872 they built a house made of This article ran with a family photo in the Montesano Vidette, Thursday, Jan_. Typed which now stands across from the directly from a clipping of the newspaper found Presbyterian Church. It was moved when among James Ernest Baker's family the streets of Montesano were graded. In memorabilia. Photo of Charles Byles family 1891 father built the big house right on the that was with clipping recorded among Charles same spot the log house was. The lumber N. Byles (and family members) listing pages. for the first board house was cut on Cedar (Also on GLO Surveyors Photos) Creek at the Armstrong Mill about where the new highway crosses the creek. It was By Earle Jameson rafted down the creek to the river and on down. She was always a devout Christian, Of the early day settlers in Montesano joining the Methodist Church when a young there was no more prominent than that of a bearded Kentuckian named Charles Newton Byles and his wife, Eliza Medcalf, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Medcalf who had come to the then Washington territory about the time that gold was discovered on Sutter's creek in California. The pioneers of Montesano were English, Scotch, Irish and early-American descent. Isaiah Scammon came from Maine, the Medcalfs, Arlands and hills from England, the Byles and Goodell families from Kentucky, the Luarks from Virginia and Indiana, the Maces from Quaker stock of Pennsylvania and the Gleesons direct as immigrants from their native Ireland. Figure 21 Charles N. Biles, his wife Elizabeth, Son Frank, and C. N. Byles had engaged in the daughters from left to right, Anna, Naomi, and Martha. (Photo mercantile business in eastern Kentucky from The Baker Family Tree, ancestry.com, c. 1886.) [Judy Baker Root's Note: This is

202 incorrect because C. N. was only 9 when he therefore the signers of the deed were James made the wagon trip westward; perhaps H. King, Simon Feeler, Margaret King and Jameson is speaking of Rev. Charles Byles, Sarah M. Feeler. The deed was "signed, C.N.'s father here]; in Montesano he was to sealed and delivered" to Mr. Byles in the become a builder, financier and banker. His presence of A.J. Campbell and James first banking venture was as a partner of Monroe Luark. The date of the transaction John T. and J. Edward Medcalf, his was April 9, 1870. brothers-in-law, and their bank was the ancient Montesano State bank at Main street Could Show Temper and Pioneer avenue which is now the Montesano Branch of the National Bank of While C.N. Byles is described by pioneers Commerce. who knew him well as a deeply religious man of mild manners, he nevertheless could Son of Minister show temper on occasion. Gordon L. Simmons of Montesano tells the following: The C. N. Byles family were members of "At one time in the early eighties the the Methodist Episcopal church south. Montesano town council had passed an Byles himself was the son of a Methodist ordinance restricting the hauling of wood minister, the Rev. Charles Byles, who and other supplies, a business in which I had preached at Grand Mound, Peterson's Point invested. Two or three other Montesanans and at Montesano in the late fifties. One of who had teams suddenly found themselves the treasured possessions of the C. N. Byles in court for a minor violation of the family is the first melodeon brought to the ordinance and Mr. Byles appeared in the then Chehalis County. justice court of Justice of the Peace At a recent gathering of pioneers at the Griswold to interpret the intent of the town home of Fred Rosmond near Oakville, many council. As a matter of fact I think Mr. of the old timers saw this melodeon in the Byles was at that time the mayor of the Rosmond living room. One of those visitors town. The charge against the draymen was said recently that a familiar sight in the early technical in character, a bit silly in fact, and days was the transportation of the melodeon Mr. Byles told Griswold so in crisp and by wheelbarrow to various points in brisk language in which he pulled no Montesano where church services were punches. As a result of his intervention the being held. justice of the peace hastily dismissed the C. N. Byles platted most of the territory case, “with apologies.” which is now Montesano lying north of the There are few of the early day settlers Chehalis river and the plats were issued in who will forget C. N. Byles during the hard the names of Byles and Thomas and Joseph times of 1894 and 1985, often referred to as B. Dabney. In "The Story of Montesano" the Grover Cleveland panic, when written for the Golden Anniversery edition everybody was going broke, the banks were of The Vidette for publication October 12, calling their loans and dollars were as scarce 1933, Mrs. Flora E. Wartman-Arland gave as hens' teeth. The Montesano State bank the wording of the deed which conveyed to under Byles and the Medcalf brothers was a C. N. Byles (and his heirs and assigns small institution as compared with modern forever) and a facsimile of the signatures banks and had low capitalization and meagre which The Vidette reprinted at that time. financial reserves. As a result Mr. Byles at The original owners of the land in question that time was forced to mortgage his palatial

203 new home at First and Broad streets up to C. N. Byles, the son, passed his youth on the hilt. his father's frontier farm, and had only limited opportunities for gaining an Home Still Stands education. He was energetic and ambitious, and at the age of seventeen years he began It is related by those who can remember to make his way in the world. He began his that far back that Mr. Franklin L. Carr came career by going to Idaho, where he spent one to the aid of Byles with a substantial loan in summer in mining for gold; he then returned order to tide him over that long-ago to his home and assisted on the farm until he depression. Incidentally the old Byles home had attained his majority. He then went to is still standing, brick chimneys and all, Tumwater and secure employment in the although the lower floors are now used by tan-yard belonging to his uncle; two years the Whiteside Company as funeral parlors. later he joined a surveying party that run [sic] the first preliminary line for the Northern Pacific Railroad from western to eastern Washington; after his return from From: “An Illustrated History of the i this expedition he took a position at Port State of Washington” , 1893. Gamble in one of the large mills as a scaler and tally man, continuing there until 1868. C. N. Byles, president of the Bank of Realizing the need of a more thorough Montesano, is a native of the State of education, Mr. Byles resigned his position Kentucky. He was born at Madisonville, and went to Portland, Oregon, where he Hopkins County, March 20, 1844, a son of entered Portland Business College, at which Charles and Sarah (Wright) Byles, natives of he graduated in 1869. It was not long after North Carolina and Virginia, respectively. this event that he secured a position as When his parents emigrated to the West, Deputy United States Surveyor, and during leaving their home in Kentucky in the early his term of office he assisted his brother spring, they took a boat at Henderson, on the David in surveying three townships in what Ohio River, went down to the Mississipi, up is now known as Pacific County. that stream to the Missouri, and thence up In the fall of 1869 he took up the that river. Arriving at Independence, profession of pedagogue; teaching in a little Kansas, they met their son, David, who had schoolhouse which stood in the limits of the preceded them to this place. They remained present site of Montesano. When the school at Independence until the spring of 1853, was finished he took the salary he received when they started to the Pacific coast; their and the money he had earned at surveying train was the first to go directly to and invested in 160 acres of land, including Washington by way of the Natchess Pass, the present site of Montesano; this was in and they were compelled to fell trees, build April 1870. On the 23d of the following the road in many places, and ford many June he was united in marriage to Elizabeth dangerous streams; they arrived at Olympia J. Medcalf, a daughter of William and in the autumn. Charles Byles [Sr.] located Martha (Binns) Medcalf, worthy pioneers of on a farm on Grand Mound Prairie, fourteen Washington. miles south of Olympia, and resided there Mrs. Byles was born January 22, 1845. many years; he served the public in many After his marriage our subject resided on his official positions, and was a man of the farm until in July 1871, when he secured a strictest integrity. contract from the United States Government

204 as surveyor. His wife acted for him as From: “Biography of David Byles’ son, Postmaster, and during the winter seasons he Lee N. Byles, from “Washington West of was engaged in teaching. In the spring of the Cascades, 1917”xi 1872 he left his wife in charge of the post office and farm, and went on an extended Lee N. Byles of Bellingham, has for surveying expedition, returning in the almost three been actively identified autumn to resume teaching. He purchased with the logging business in Whatcom and an additional 160 acres adjoining his farm Skagit counties. He was born in Lima, and carried on agricultural pursuits until Chehalis County, Washington, March 12, 1882; he was appointed Deputy County Auditor in the fall of 1872, and had served in this capacity one year when he was elected County Auditor; he held this office for four years, and was Treasurer of the county for six years, being elected three successive terms; a fourth time the office was tendered to him, but he declined. The first bank in Montesano was organized by Mr. Byles, on the first of June 1887; it was a private institution known as C. H. [sic] Byles & Company's Bank, with a paid up capital of $10,000; in April 1890, the Bank of Montesano grew out of the private bank, being organized with a capital of $75,000; Mr. Byles was elected president and is one of the largest stockholders; he also holds a considerable amount of stock in the Montesano Water Company; and has Figure 22. David F. Byles, Charles N. Byles and large real estate interests in neighboring Mary "Mollie" Byles. towns. He attributes much of his success in life to the able assistance his wife has 1864, and is a son of David F. and Mary J. rendered him, preparing field notes in Byles. The former was born in surveying, making his post office reports, Madisonville, Kentucky, in March, 1832, and performing every service required in the and was there educated but in 1853 crossed most satisfactory manner. the plains with ox team and wagon to Mr. and Mrs. Byles are parents of a family Tacoma. He soon afterward settled on a of four children: Frances W., Annie R., farm at Grand Mound near Olympia, Martha B., and Sarah N [Naomi]. Washington, where he engaged in surveying until 1860. He then removed to Cosmopolis on Grays Harbor, Washington, and there engaged in farming until 1863, when he took David F. Byles up his abode at Elma, Washington, where he secured a homestead. His attention was then (1832-1897) given to general agricultural pursuits until 1895, when, having acquired a substantial competence, he retired from active business life and spent his remaining days in the

205 enjoyment of a well earned rest, passing Olympia, where Mr. Byles was employed in away in June, 1897. the land office. They next moved to His wife was born in Hopkinsville, Cosmopolis, Chehalis (now Grays Harbor) Kentucky, in August. 1832. Under the County. In 1861 they took up a homestead caption of "Living Pioneers of Washington" and later a preemption claim near where Edmond S. Meany, professor of history in Elma, Grays Harbor County, now stands. the University of Washington, in the Post- Reclaiming wild land into a farm at a time Intelligencer spoke of Mrs. Bytes as follows: when Indians were still numerous gave rise "Mrs. Byles is called 'grandma' by a large to experiences similar to those encountered number of native sons and daughters of by many of the real first settlers. Her Washington, whose parents were also born present home is with her son, Lee Byles, 331 in the northwest. She is also known South Forest Street, Bellingham, affectionately as 'Aunt Molly' by a much Washington. She has always been a devout larger host of kinsfolk and acquaintances. Christian, and she now says without She came to Washington territory in the complaint or regret: 'My work is almost very year of its separation from Oregon, and done! " she has lived here continuously for the sixty- Lee N. Byles attended the public schools two years since. Her father, Robert T. Hill, of this state and the University of was born in Tennessee and moved to Washington until 1882, after which he Kentucky when only twelve years •of age. became a student in 'Willamette University On attaining manhood he became a at Portland, Oregon, devoting a year to the Cumberland Presbyterian minister. Her study of law there. He then went to Grays mother, Lauretta Meelin, was born in South Harbor, where he engaged in the logging Carolina, her family moving to Kentucky business until 1888, after which he removed when she was two years old. When these to Whatcom, now Bellingham, where he has two were married they made their home near since been engaged in the logging business, Madison, Hopkins County, Kentucky, and it his operations being in Whatcom and Skagit was there that their daughter Mary was born counties. He is an active factor in that field on August 11, 1833. As a girl in Kentucky of labor and his efforts have been attended she attended the rural schools, but had no with a substantial measure of prosperity, for other educational advantages. She says: 'In he displays sound business judgment and 1853 1 crossed the plains with Rev. Charles unfaltering industry and determination. Byles and family. I came for health, a home In Bellingham, in October, 1893, occurred and a husband and got them all.' She was the marriage of Mr. Byles and Miss Mabel married on July 21, 1854, to David F. Byles. Hancock and they have become the parents Of the nine children four survive, as follows: of two children. Helen, who is a graduate of Luther, of Elma; Lee of Bellingham; Charles the Bellingham public school and the high of Hamilton; and Thad, who lives near school, the University of Washington and Edmonds, all in the state of Washington. the State Normal school, is now a teacher at Mrs. Byles was a member of that famous the Lowell Grammar School of Bellingham, company that in 1853 was the first to cross of which her sister Mildred is now a pupil. the Cascades by way of Naches pass. She Fraternally Mr. Bytes is connected with says that trip over the mountains was 'not a the Benevolent Protective Order of and panic by any means.' David F. Byles was a the Knights of Pythias. His entire life has surveyor and farmer. They lived in Thurston been passed in Washington and as a County for several years, part of the time in representative of one of the well known

206 pioneer families and as an enterprising 1883, he located in Seattle and began to take business man he well deserves mention a hand in the engineering problems which among the makers of western Washington. confronted the people there in those days of feverish development. In 1888, when growing settlement along the bay in connection with the development of the lumber and fishing industries began to present engineering difficulties which required expert attention, he came here, arriving on September 1, and opened an Alexander Russell office. His services immediately were in demand and it was not long until he was Campbell (1851- well established here, presently was called into public service and as county engineer 1937) and city civil service engineer rendered permanent and valuable aid. From: “History of Whatcom In 1886, at River John, Nova Scotia, Mr. County,”xii Vol. 2, 1926. Campbell was united in marriage to Miss Catherine A. Sutherland, also a native of Alexander Russell Campbell, dean of civil Canada, and they have a pleasant home in engineers in this section of the state of Bellingham. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are Washington, has been a resident of members of the Presbyterian Church and are Whatcom County for almost forty years and Republicans. Mr. Campbell is a member of has been a witness to and a helpful the Bellingham Kiwanis Club, whose motto participant in the development of this is "We Build," and has ever been a helpful region. As county engineer during the time promoter of the interests of his home town. the "lines" were being definitely and permanently established here and as city civil engineer back in the days before New Whatcom and Fairhaven had settled their Henry Carr (1856- rivalry by becoming consolidated as Bellingham he did a useful work in the 1932) definite establishment of the city and his name ever will be connected with the history From: Polk County, Oregon of the rise and progress of this community. Cemeteries Website In his private capacity as an engineer Mr. Campbell has specialized in the engineering OCCUPATION: Farmer; Civil Engineer features of the and has for many BIRTH PLACE: Prairie De Long, Illinois years been recognized as one of the leaders DEATH PLACE: Eola, Polk Co., Oregon in his profession on the coast. A native of Canada, he was born in the NOTES: province of Nova Scotia in 1851, was reared OSBH DC (Polk County 1932) #86 - amid a favorable social environment, given Henry Carr, male, occupation civil engineer, a college education and became a competent married (Mattie I. Carr), b. in Prairie De civil engineer, a profession he ever has Long, Illinois, d. 13 Sept 1932 in Salem (Rt. followed. In 1876, when twenty-five years 2), at the age of 75 ys 10 ms 8 ds, resident of of age, he came to the Pacific coast. In the area for 9 yrs, interment Burch,

207 informant Mattie I. Carr of Rt 2, Box 156, Capitol Journal, Tuesday, 13 Sep 1932, Salem. 9:7-8 Died at Eola, Sept. 13, Henry Carr, aged 1900 WA CENSUS - Henry Carr, age 43, 75 years, resident of route 2, Box 156, occupation farmer, b. Nov 1856 in Illinois, Salem. Survived by widow, Mrs. Mattie is enumerated with his wife of 9 years, Carr, of route 2, Salem. One daughter, Mattie T., age 34, mother of 4 children none Vivian F. Carr of route 2, Salem; one of whom are living at the time of the census, brother James Carr, East St Louis, Ill. occupation teacher, b. Nov 1865 in Iowa, Private services from the chapel of Clough- (father b.. Mass, mother b. Iowa) Barrick Company, Church at Ferry street, Wednesday, September 14. Dr Carl Gregg 1920 OR CENSUS - Henry Carr, age 63, Doney of Willamette University officiating. occupation teamster, b. Illinois, (father b Ill, Private interment at Rickreall cemetery. mother b SC), is enumerated with his wife Please omit flowers. Hattie I., age 54, occupation teacher, b. Oregon Statesman, Wednesday, 14 Sep Iowa, (father b. Mass, mother b. Iowa), 1932, 5:2 along with daughter Vivian, age 18, b. Washington. INSCRIPTION: No Marker SPOUSE - Henry's wife Mattie died 3 SOURCES: Aug 1949 in Polk Co., and was cremated 1900 WA CENSUS (Okanogan Co., (OSBH DC 1949 Polk County #9297); her Winthrop, ED 43, sheet 11A) obit (OS 5 Aug 1949, 5:8) says she married 1920 OR CENSUS (Lincoln Co., Henry Carr on 10 Apr 1891 at Conconully, Waldport, ED 262, sheet 1A) Washington. OSBH DC (Polk County 1932) #86 CJ 13 Sep 1932, 9:7-8 OBITUARY: While working in the OS 14 Sep 1932, 5:2 ROW: Williams hop yard in the Eola district early Tuesday morning, Henry Carr, 75, suddenly died from heart trouble before the Salem Taxi company ambulance summoned could Lafayette Cartee reach the scene. He had been in excellent health. Mr Carr was a resident of route 2, (1823-1891) box 156. Surviving relatives include his widow, Mrs Mattie I. Carr; one daughter, Vivian F. Carr, English teacher at Leslie From: “Pennsylvania Biographies”xiii junior high; and one brother, James Carr of East St Louis, Ill. Private funeral services afayette Cartee, son of John L. and will be held from the chapel of Clough- LSeclendia Cartee (Cartier), was born in Barrick Company, Church at Ferry St. on December, 1823, in Tioga County, N. Y.. In Wednesday with Martin Ferrey as the 1825, he was brought by his father’s family officiating minister. Friends are requested to Coudersport, and here he lived until 1843. to please omit flowers. The interment He was almost self-taught, having very services at the Rickreall cemetery will be limited opportunities of attending school, private. even after the opening of the academy in 1840. In 1844 he traveled west, and late in

208 McKean County, who died at The Dalles, Ore., in December, 1862.

By Jerry Olson:

When Cartee arrived in Oregon City, he established an engineering and surveying business, and certainly, some of his projects were the notification surveys required of settlers attempting to secure rights under the new . There is a record of Cartee performing at least one of these surveys in 1851 near downtown Portland. An educated professional had an advantage in the local society, where Oregon City was the seat of government in Oregon. By 1853, Cartee was in the Territorial Legislature, and by 1854, he was Speaker of the House. As a Democrat, he was also in the currently correct political Figure 23. Lafayette Cartee. (Photo Courtesy party. On February 12, 1853, he signed of The Idaho State Historical Society, 984.111.1) Claim Contract 5 with the Oregon Surveyor General, John Preston, a Whig, for the the same year became principal of the high survey of 28 land claims near Oregon City. school at Newport, Ky., a position he filled On April 25, 1853, he added Claim Contract for two years. In 1846 he entered St John’s 9, also with Preston. These surveys were College, Cincinnati, as professor of not as political as the township surveys, mathematics and civil engineering, but because the settlers may have had a say in failing health compelled him to resign in recruiting their Deputy Surveyor. March of 1848, and in November of the same year he 1854 brought Contract 42 of five original took passage on board a sailing vessel, townships ranging from Camas, Washington bound for San Francisco, a sea-voyage being south to Estacada, Oregon, this time recommended by his physicians. authorized by the new Democrat Oregon Reaching San Francisco in June of the Surveyor General, Charles K. Gardner. He following year, he found himself much also received Contract 59 from Gardner for improved in health. In California he spent a five townships adjacent to the ones in few months, and then went to Oregon, Contract 42. That survey began in locating in Oregon City, where he remained September of 1855 after he returned from some years. He was a member of the first getting married in Pennsylvania. territorial legislature, was speaker of the One of the young men he trained was Ezra house the second term, and during the Timothy Taft Fisher, the son of a claimant following few years he was engaged in whose land claim he surveyed. Fisher surveying and engineering. worked quickly from chainman to In the fall of 1855 he returned to Potter compassman to a U. S. Deputy Surveyor on County, Penn., and was married during the his own. Fisher would have a distinguished ensuing winter to Miss Mary Bell, of Ceres,

209 1860 for 2 townships, Cont. 96 for 5 townships south of , and Cont. 98 of 7 townships near Maupin, all awarded between November, 1859 and July of 1861 by Democrat Surveyor General William Chapman. The Surveyor General gave Cartee a contract in 1860 for surveys in the valley (Num. 98). This contract was completed and then extended by the Surveyor General to survey an additional 300 miles of line. After the work was finished, Surveyor General Chapman was replaced by Republican B. J. Pengra, leaving Cartee without payment of $3033.50 unless specifically appropriated by an Act of Congress. It is unknown whether he received the money. The rapids at Cascade Locks posed a significant obstacle to the passage of passengers and freight on the Columbia

Figure 24. Back Row Darius F. Baker, Governor David Ballard, _ Bishop, Front Row, Lafayette Cartee, Unkn, James Reynolds. (Photo Courtesy of the Idaho State Historical Society, Cartee Album, 74-128.5/a,b.) surveying career, partly in the role of Linn and then Clackamas County Surveyor. Also, on the first contract, Cartee hired David Preston Thompson, who would also rise up the ranks quickly to compassman and then U. S. Deputy Surveyor, and ultimately to Territorial Governor of Idaho and Minister to Turkey. One always wonders how much of the work the Deputy Surveyor turned over to these competent assistants. From 1856 to 1859, Cartee was absent from GLO surveys under the term of John Zeiber as Oregon Surveyor General. When contracts were offered on the East side of the Cascades, he returned with Cont. 86 for Figure 25. Lafayette Cartee. (Photo Courtesy of 10 townships near Hood River, Cont. 88 for the Idaho State Historical Society, 74.50.3) 2 townships south of Hermiston, Cont. 94 in

210 River. The Bradford Road (railroad) was Japan. Bringing tender trees and plants to constructed on the north shore from present early Boise was a major and risky North Bonneville to Stevenson. In 1862, the undertaking, as they could be shipped by rail Oregon Railway and Navigation Co. began only as far as Kelton, , then had to be construction of a railroad on the south shore hauled by freight wagon. Cartee planted to also bypass the rapids. The terrain was most of his twenty-four acres between very difficult with rock cliffs and large boulders prevalent. In 1862, Cartee was hired to act as engineer and superintendent for the construction of this road. It was about this time that Cartee’s wife died in The Dalles, which was where most of his work had been centered at the time. He finished what was in progress and removed himself to Idaho in 1863. Many years later he sent his fourteen year old son Ross to bring Mary’s body to be interred in Pioneer Cemetery in Boise. He built Idaho’s first sawmill at Rock Bar, and in 1866 was appointed ’s first Surveyor General by Democrat President Andrew Johnson, serving through many Republican Regimes until approximately 1880. During his term as Surveyor General, his old employee on his Figure 26. Lafayette Cartee standing in front GLO Contracts, David P. Thompson, was of his home at 405 Grove Street in Boise, ID. appointed Territorial Governor of Idaho, (Photo courtesy of the Idaho State Historical serving only 2 years, 1875-1876. Society.)

From: “Idaho State Historical Society, Grove Street and the river, and grew enough Reference Series”xiv fruit and vegetables to produce 30,000 cans a year in his cannery. His nursery and Cartee married Mary Bell at Ceres, orchard were important sources of plants Pennsylvania, in 1855, and they had four and trees for many Boise Valley growers children: Carrie (later Mrs. Fremont Wood), between 1870 and 1890. Ella, Ross and Mary. After his wife’s death Lafayette Cartee, who possessed the in 1862 at The Dalles, Cartee came to Idaho. seemingly contradictory titles of “General” He erected the first sawmill at Rocky Point and “father of the nursery business in Bar in 1863, and attempted to bring in the Idaho,” died in Boise on September 2, 1891 first quartz mill, but the freight train was reportedly attacked by Indians, and the mill was abandoned. He brought his family to Boise, building the city’s first greenhouse in 1871. For the next twenty years he imported trees, flowers, and shrubs from the Eastern United States and from China, India, and

211 who have originated and carried to William Williams completion a greater number of particular acts of large scope and general beneficence. Chapman (1808- Many whose names appear constantly in current literature can point to no policy or 1892) institutions established by themselves, while he has been the projector or formulator of From: “History of the Pacific Northwest, Oregon x measures which have become established and Washington,” 1889. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, having OL. W. W. CHAPMAN. - It has launched them in complete form upon the Cfrequently been remarked, that while sea of political or judicial activities. This is many men of great fame, and a deservedly a broad statement, but is fully borne out by wide reputation, cannot lay their finger upon an investigation of the facts. The Colonel is a man who works unostentatiously, relies little upon public enthusiasm, and never resorts to the noisy methods of the demagogue. He prefers to bring together forces already in operation, and to change their current not so much by agitation, or even by persuasion of public men, as by the inevitable movement of human tendencies. On account of this manner of working, what he performs may be accomplished before the public know anything of it; and his name may scarcely appear. While thus deep, it scarcely need be said of him that he has never reached his ends by the improper use of money, or by any method approaching chicanery. He has ever been perfectly honorable, and although able to keep his own counsel like the Sphinx, relies at the last upon the simple justice and rights of the case. His ability lies in arranging matters so that they will come to a head just at the right capacity for reading men's motives, and measuring their power, gives him ample time to prepare Figure 27. William W. Chapman. work for them to do, and shape matters so that they will naturally fall in with his plans. The story of his life is chiefly the a single public act that they originated, enumeration and record of his public others whose names are less known can endeavors, since he has lived almost wholly count by the score the progeny of their in the activities of the community or state brains, now alive and active in the affairs of where he has resided, and has followed the world. Of the latter class is Colonel principally public movements, not only not Chapman of Oregon. There are few men in giving attention to the accumulation of a America, even among those esteemed great,

212 private fortune, but even giving away, for gotten at the public school, he secured a the sake of public increase, property that position in the office of the clerk of the court now in its individual segments is worth a of which the eminent jurist Henry St. number of fortunes. George Tucker was chancellor. In these As some guide to the reader's thoughts, let endeavors at self-improvement, he was us here enumerate the famous acts in which much encouraged and indeed assisted by a Colonel Chapman has taken a prominent or kind lady, Mrs. Schon, mother of the controlling part. Beginning with his life in eminent Methodist minister of that name, Iowa, we find the following: The settling of who, noticing his studious habits, directed the boundary between that then territory and the servants to keep well warmed and Missouri; changing the fight of state land lighted the room that he occupied. He also from internal improvement to the use of was given free access to the libraries of the public schools, a policy which has been noted members of the bar in that city. copied into every state constitution since; Receiving in due time, from Judge Lewis framing the provision in the Iowa Summers, Daniel Smith and Chancellor constitution for the election rather than the Tucker, his license to practice, he at once appointment of judges, a policy which has took up his residence at Middleburn, Tyler become almost universal in the United county, Virginia. The spring following, States; and the first suggestion of a standing 1832, he was married to Margaret F., pre-emption law for the relief of settlers. In daughter of Colonel Arthur Inghram, a Oregon we find that it was due to him as at farmer of means, and also a leading least one among three, and as the originative gentleman and public man, who served mind of the three, that Portland became the twenty years in the legislature of the Old metropolis of the Pacific Northwest; that the dominion, and afterwards removed to Oregon & California Railroad was Illinois, but made his last home in Iowa, determined by him to become a road for where he died. Oregon as well as for California, and to be In the autumn of 1833, Mr. Chapman above the possibility of extortion or went to McComb, McDonough County, discrimination; and that he made it possible Illinois, and in the spring of 1835 moved out for Portland to have transcontinental railroad to Burlington, in the "Black Hawk communication. With these as guiding Purchase," now a part of Iowa. Those were points, let us now proceed with the plain early times for even the states; story of his life, and make good these broad and this region was then reckoned as a part statements, not with any purpose of lauding of Wisconsin, and was attached to the a man who cares but little for, and is in little territory of Michigan. It may be inferred need of, praise, but with the simple aim of that Mr. Chapman was a man of mark, with tracing these public acts of great weight and a penchant for forming new society, or he moment to their source. would never have been in that new country William Williams Chapman was born at with his large legal acquirements. This Clarkesburg, Virginia, August 11, 1808. At presumption is confirmed by the fact that we the age of fourteen he suffered the death of find him the next year appointed prosecuting his father, and was thenceforward thrown attorney by John S. Horner, acting Governor chiefly upon his own resources, although of Michigan. In 1836 he was appointed by assisted to some extent by a kind brother and President Jackson United States Attorney for faithful mother. After obtaining what the territory of Wisconsin, established upon information and mental discipline was to be the admission of Michigan as a state. The

213 most exciting litigation of the time was with improvement in the states, Chapman omitted reference to "jumping" land claims. The to mention in his bill that De Hague was in settlers had a court of their own before Illinois; and the President, not being aware which jumpers were tried, and by it of this fact, signed the bill contrary to his summarily ejected from their hold, if found own policy of non-interstate improvement. guilty. Mr. Chapman proved to be on the In 1836, at an election in Dubuque side of the settlers, defending a body of County, , now a part of them before the court. Military officers and Iowa, W.W. Chapman, then twenty-six men, including General, afterwards years of age, was elected colonel of the President , and Jefferson Davis, his by a most flattering majority, which son-in-law, used in those days to come was particularly gratifying to the young man around sometimes to remove "squatters," as from the fact that his acquaintances had the settlers were contemptuously called. made him believe that they were all voting That was before the present land laws; and against him, some telling him that he was the public domain was opened to legal too young and inexperienced and he settlement only as thrown open by overhearing others saying, "It won't do, he is proclamation of the President, who too young," etc.; but when the votes were sometimes proceeded upon the idea that new counted, and he found that he had received land should not be settled up until all the the almost unanimous support of the electors "offered" land was occupied; while the of his township, he too felt able to enjoy the settlers preferred to live and take land where joke. His commission as colonel, issued they pleased. On account of his friendship, December 2, 1836, is signed by "H. Dodge, the Iowa settlers were willing soon after to Governor of Wisconsin Territory," and and did send Mr. Chapman as delegate to attested by J.P. Horner, secretary of that the . territory. Colonel Chapman qualified In 1836 he removed to Dubuque, and in December 30th of the same year, by taking 1837 removed back to the neighborhood of the oath of office before Warner Lewis, "a Burlington. In 1838 Iowa was set apart as justice of the peace in and for Dubuque an independent territory, through the efforts County." The Colonel still preserves this of G.W. Jones, delegate from Wisconsin; commission and, among others, his and, upon the election held September 10th, commission as United States attorney for the Mr. Chapman was found to be successful same territory, signed by the great Andrew over three other candidates. In Congress he Jackson. became very active, the first bill prepared by In the matter of the boundary, the act him being for the opening of a military road creating Iowa as a territory fixed the from Dubuque through Iowa City to the northern boundary of Missouri as the southern boundary of the state, for another southern boundary of Iowa. One point to run from Burlington west, and for still determining this line was the Des Moines another to run east and terminate at De rapids. Missouri, anxious to acquire a large Hague, a place in Illinois. It was essential to tract to the north, claimed that these rapids get this road to the latter place in order to were in the Des Moines river, while Iowa cross the extensive low bottom lands on the claimed that the rapids meant were those in east or Illinois side of the , the Mississippi river, above the mouth of the which were flooded with water during the Des Moines, bringing the line some twenty summer freshet. On account of the or thirty miles farther south. Governor Lucas opposition of Van Buren to internal of Iowa; advising with Colonel Chapman,

214 promptly occupied the disputed territory only say that he was intrusted by the people with militia, in order that Missouri might not of Iowa to hold their line as claimed by be first on the ground, as it would be them; and this eventually prevailed. difficult to oust a state from her actual As to his suggestions with reference to a holding, while a territory might be easily cut permanent pre-emption law, it is to be up. Missouri hastened to send up her troops, remembered that in the former times there but found the field already in possession of was no regular or legal way for the settler to Iowa; and Chapman rode out and advised a acquire public land wherever he might stay of all proceedings, and that the choose in the United States territory; and it contestants should await the action of was customary for Congress to pass a bill Congress and of the Supreme Court; whom from time to time granting existing settlers he would soon visit. Missouri felt the right to pre-empt the lands which they reasonably confident, as she had Benton and might have occupied. This was a cumbrous Linn in the Senate and three able men in the and in many cases a dilatory way of granting House at Washington, while Iowa had but title to settlers; and it was while a bill to one unknown delegate. But when the tug of grant a special pre-emption was before war before Congress came, Chapman was Congress that Colonel Chapman proposed a able to present a mass of testimony to the standing law providing for pre-emption, to House, from the writings of French be a permanent arrangement for prospective missionaries and others, showing that the as well as actual settlers. The idea was Des Moines rapids were in the Mississippi novel, and met with some ridicule, but has river. Seeing the case going against them, now become so much a part of the land the Missourians hastened to get a bill into policy of the government that it seems as if the Senate in their favor; and Doctor Linn it must be almost as old as the statute-book was pushing this measure with all the vim of itself. his great abilities. It was then, as it is still, In 1844 Colonel Chapman was chosen a unparliamentary for a member of one House member of the state convention to prepare a to interpose in the proceedings of the other; constitution for Iowa, and originated the but Chapman, although then a young man of measure to transfer, in the face of the act of about thirty, felt no hesitancy in honoring Congress, the grant of five hundred this custom in the breach, and sent a written thousand acres of land to the state for communication to the Senate, protesting internal improvements for the use of against the action of Senator Linn in schools. Such a proposition was then bringing forward the question of boundary unheard of, but has become the policy since in a body where Iowa had no representative, followed by all the new states. He also and referred them to the fact that this proposed the measure providing for the question was then pending in the House. As election of judges, which when then wholly a result of this communication, action in the an innovation; and, although there has been Senate was stayed. While the decision was much question of its wisdom, it is a policy still in suspense, private overtures were that has extended wholly over the West, and made from the Missouri members to to the East in many instances. Colonel persuade the Iowa delegate to unloose his Chapman is himself a firm believer in the grip and Benton proposed to Chapman, if he usefulness of the plan; for, while the judges would yield, to grant great favors and an are thus more subject to the entanglements early admission of Iowa into the union. But of politics, they are also more immediately in reply to all of this Mr. Chapman could

215 responsible to the people, and are removed thought of danger from Indians was most from executive or legislative patronage. prominent before entering their country, Although having accomplished so much hence the large trains and consequently for the young State of Iowa, and having increased bands of stock. Before starting become so well known among her citizens, from the Des Moines River in Iowa, the with a large future opened to his enterprise number of wagons and teams of the and ambition, he was led by a spirit of emigrant train, including the Chapman adventure, and perhaps even more by the family, had reached nearly one hundred, and underfeeling that his greatest strength in had become such an obstacle to travel that establishing and formulating principles for the emigration was about a month in future states, to seek a new field where crossing a corner of Missouri to St. Joseph. political and business forces were yet in It was customary, when about to launch onto embryo, and determined upon Oregon as the the plains, to conduct an investigation so as most promising field for his endeavor. The to ascertain who were, and who were not, choice has been most fully justified by the reasonably prepared for the journey, so that result. On or about the 4th of May, 1847, there should be no imposition of from Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa, unnecessary burthen upon the company. Colonel Chapman and family set out for Upon this occasion there was a man in the their journey across the plains to Oregon. train who, with little more than himself and The family consisted of himself, his wife wife, had a splendid ox-team, indeed, the and seven children, five boys and two girls, finest in the company or anywhere upon the Sarah Eveline, thirteen years old; Thomas, route. This man objected to many as eleven years old; Arthur I., nine years old; unprepared for the journey, saying that James Grimes, seven years old; William every man must help himself and nobody Warner, five years old; Mary Catherine, else, as he would do. Notwithstanding this three years old; and Houston I., seven days man's assertions, all were permitted to enter old. Their mode of conveyance was by two upon the journey. There was also another good ox-teams and wagons, one being a rule observed in traveling, that he who family wagon and one for provisions, which traveled in front to-day must go behind to- also served a as sleeping-place for two or morrow. The man with the good oxen kept three of the boys. The family wagon was half of this law; he went in front all the time, conveniently arranged, having a long body always joining the train in time for camp. with a jut-over on each side, to which the From St. Joe the large train moved slowly boys for the cover were attached, and upon on for a short time, when it was found that which springy boards were placed to serve the number of wagons and stock so delayed as a support for the bed in which Mrs. their movements that it was absolutely Chapman and the babe were accommodated. necessary to effect a division, and to A neighbor emigrant lady, looking upon the separate the great train into small baby, exclaimed, "Why, Mrs. Chapman, do companies. This being accomplished, the you expect that little one will ever get to several parties moved on rather more Oregon?" To this Mrs. Chapman, pressing rapidly, with the well-prepared independent the boy to her bosom, replied: "Yes. If I get man still in the lead. As the number of there, it will." emigrants diminished, the fear of Indians In arranging for emigrating across the seemed also to grow less; and the company plains, an unbroken Indian country from the moved out earlier in the morning and Missouri river to the Pacific Ocean, the proceeded with greater rapidity, with the

216 independent man always ahead, to the which was high; and there was a deep pool annoyance of the whole party. After some immediately below the crossing. An old man days, the fear of Indians seemed to have and his wife occupied a wagon having two vanished, although prudence required proper yoke of oxen. About midway of the river, guards against thieving Indians, as was something frightened the lead oxen; and evidence by the great care which an they turned short around upon the upper side esteemed and prudent lady took of her mare of the tongue cattle, and were likely to turn and colt. Having tied a rope to the mare's oxen, wagon and occupants over into the neck, she carried the end of the rope into the boiling flood. Colonel Chapman had a yoke covered wagon and made it fast to her of leaders which he often rode through the garments. Having put down the wagon cover rivers, and, seeing the danger, jumped onto and lighted a candle, she sat late knitting and the near one, threw the chain across their complacently watching the rope end, when, necks, reached the unruly team, hitched onto some disturbance arising outside, she drew them, and brought oxen, wagon, and upon her cord; and what does the reader occupants safely to shore. The gentleman suppose she drew into the wagon About two often repeated an account of the feet of rope. The Indians had cut the rope, circumstances which led to his perilous and with the mare and colt silently stolen conditions, describing the situation, and away. always closing with the words, "And there While yet early in the period of the was Polly; and she couldn't swim a lick!" journey, another division took place, still The emigration pressed forward until they further reducing the numbers of the reached a trapper living upon the present site respective parties. This time Mr. Frederick of Pocatello. Here they met the noted Jack moved out; and Colonel Chapman, the Harris, who represented that the southern Starrs and Belknaps and others followed route was preferable on account of grass and after, but always with the man of water, and that there was less danger from independence in the lead. Everything the Indians. He instructed the company moved on smoothly for days, until one always to keep the Indians at a distance, and beautiful afternoon on the Platte, the sun allow of no close friendship, as they would shining brightly and the train moving take advantage of it. The company steadily forward, all at once one wagon consented to take the southern route. On the came to a halt; and soon the whole train head of Mary's or Humboldt River they halted, fearing that an accident had suffered an attack upon the cattle by the happened. The truth was soon ascertained to Indians; but nothing serious resulted. be that the lady who had made the anxious Between what is now Winnemucca and inquiry of Mrs. Chapman had just presented Goose Lake is a piece of very rocky road. her husband with a bright, young baby, and Here the man with the good team was as that mother and baby were doing well, the usual considerably ahead, and going pretty mother in the full belief that if she got to fast, when suddenly down came his wagon Oregon the babe would get there too; and so in the road. The rapid driving over the rocks they all did. had broken off the spindle. He sat upon the At the crossing of Green river one small corner of his wagon presenting the most family had a narrow escape from drowning. despondent appearance, while the train came The gentleman with the good team was of up within a few minutes, and, instead of course in advance, caring nothing for those stopping, passed around without a word behind. The train reached across the river, being uttered. Immediately the road led the

217 train over into a deep hollow out of sight of the Indian with his ox-bow, and straightway the man. He thought he was left in the there was mischief afoot. The Indian boundless wilderness, a prey to wild beasts warriors gathered in a crowd of fifty or or more savage Indians, a fate his selfishness sixty, with bows and arrows threatening to richly deserved. But, under the directions of shoot. The Indian women and children the good leader, all stopped. Mr. Frederick, disappeared; while it was all the old chief being a mechanic, now took two or three could do to prevent at attack at once. other good men and went back and brought Emigrants were yoking up with guns on the independent man and his wagon into their shoulders; but the leader, Mr. camp. What does the reader suppose were Frederick, got onto his horse and rode over this man's thoughts when the train passed on into the crowd of Indians; when the Indians out of sight? Some idea may be formed from took his horse by the bridle, compelling him what occurred afterwards. It was a practice to dismount. By signs, Mr. Frederick with emigrants, when a wagon or any explained that the Whites wanted to be attachments were abandoned, for each to friendly, and were going to a far country. select a part that might become useful in an This pacified the Indians, and peace emergency; and in pursuance of this offerings were exchanged. Who can tell of a economy the leader, Mr. Frederick, had braver act than Frederick's? After this hung under his wagon a piece of an axletree thrilling incident, the company moved on; that just suited in this case, and with which and the chief took Mr. Frederick down to his he mended and repaired the broken piece. fish trap, and as a token of friendship gave This being done the train moved on, with the him a salmon. He also appointed four man of independence in the rear for the rest Indians to accompany the train to the of the day. For the remainder of the journey boundary between the Rogue River and no man was more obedient to the rules of Umpqua Indians. In addition, the first night travel, or more ready to lend a helping hand, after the trouble, he went into the mountains than this man who cut such an unfavorable and killed deer and gave them to the figure at the outset. Those whom the emigrants. The four Indians accompanied afflicted man at first took to be as priests the train, and often picked grapes and gave and Levites, passing by on the other side, them to the travelers. nevertheless returned as good Samaritans Arriving at the summit between Rogue and made him whole, and sent him on his River and , which was the way rejoicing. boundary between the two nations, the four About the first of November the company guards bade the emigrants a friendly good- camped just below the narrows of Rogue by and started back; and the company river, at the head of a small prairie. A great moved on without any occurrence of note many Indians came in and were quite until they reached the crossing of the friendly. In the morning the company had Umpqua. Here they found the river too high about them crowds of Indians, men, women, to ford with wagons; and Indians with two and children. The emigrants were yoking up canoes were secured to ferry them over. This their teams near to their fires and cooking was done by unloading and standing each utensils. An Indian came along by the spot wagon lengthwise in the two canoes. The where a man was yoking up, and near him landing was opposite a high bank; and the was a skillet containing some bread. His vehicles had to be hauled up with teams. request for bread being refused the Indian When but two wagons remained to be kicked the skillet over; and the man struck crossed, a wagon just reaching the top of the

218 bank broke loose and ran back on the be mentioned the illness of Mrs. Chapman canoes, splitting one from stem to stern. and her children. In the country This caused a disturbance among the Mrs. Chapman, in order to give assistance to Indians; and they went away, but came back a sick woman, entered her wagon. After a in two or three days and resumed work, little while she made inquiry as to the cause putting the remaining two wagons over. of her sickness, and was informed that she This same civilized Indian stole that night a had the measles. This was a surprise and a horse, saddle, overcoat and sundry other source of anxiety to Mrs. Chapman, since things of Mr. Chapman. This horse the she had not had this disease herself, and that Colonel found six years later at Fort she should have it now was inevitable. Umpqua in possession of old John Garnier, Neither was there hope of escape for the the keeper of the Hudson's Bay farm, who little baby or any of the children; for not one promptly returned the horse to Mr. Chapman of them had ever been affected. Mr. on learning that it had been stolen. Chapman alone of the whole family escaped The company crossed the mountain into the affliction. This exposure was moreover the head of the amid rain needless, had the prostrated woman known and snow, and made an early camp for the her ailment, as it was in the power of Mrs. night. The next morning they found a small Chapman to have assisted this woman creek to cross near by. Its banks were about without going into the wagon; and, besides two feet high and filled with water. Wagons this, there were undoubtedly others not had cut a narrow way into the creek; and the liable to contract the disease who would off-wheel oxen of Colonel Chapman's team have readily, as they did afterwards, afford were passing down into the creek, when the all necessary aid and comfort to this woman. lead oxen rushed ahead, drawing the tongue Mrs. Chapman first indicated that she had around, causing the off fore wheel to go contracted the disease, then her infant child, down, while the near wheel was on the bank, and, passing on, the whole family of and thereby overset the wagon into the children became subjects of the pestilence. creek, filling the fore end of the wagon and When it is remembered that there was but the bows with water. The neighbors quickly one wagon (the provision wagon having turned the wagon back; and the water ran been left near ) for all the family upon everything within. The remarkable fact to crowd into, or under, for sleep or rest; that was that Colonel Chapman had driven Mrs. Chapman's eyes were so affected s to entirely across the plains without ever be without sight for sixteen days, almost to stalling or upsetting, and here at the head of the end of the journey; and that they must the Willamette, upon a dead level, had upset have undergone great exposure and his wagon and family into the creek. but all suffering, it may well be considered almost a got out safely, and in due time, on the miracle that they all came through alive. evening of the 13th of November, 1847, But there was not only an unbroken reached Mary's river, near what was then friendship among the members of the called Marysville, now Corvallis, Benton company of which Mr. James Frederick was county. The small company as it was then, the leader, but there was a sealed friendship consisting of the Chapmans, Gilberts, Starrs among the ladies which none but they could and Belknaps, here came to a stop, it being appreciate, making them all ever ready to substantially their journey's end. aid and encourage the sick and unfortunate; Illustrative of the great difficulties of a and Mrs. Chapman and her children journey with a family across the plains may

219 received every attention that these kind place he remained for some time, although ladies could bestow. school was kept in the upper story of the After a few days' search, the Chapman building. family found shelter for the winter in an With the facility of the pioneer, he turned unfinished cabin, with two young men, Nye his hand to manual work, and as spring and Getteys, whom he soon learned to came engaged in making a garden, and also address familiarly as John and Sam, in righted the fences that inclosed the big field accordance with our easy Western custom, upon a portion of which the State House and whom the family ever remembered for now stands. He also picked up as rapidly as their integrity and generosity. Being possible the threads of legal activity in the anxious to see the rest of Oregon, and state, attending during the spring and especially to make the acquaintance of the summer several terms of court held under leading men of the young settlement, the auspices of the Provisional government Colonel Chapman made, between Christmas by Judge . The last of these and the New Year, following, a trip by was on Knox's Butte in Linn County, and horseback with his two new friends to which became memorable for its abrupt Oregon City, or the Falls, as then known. At adjournment from the report of gold in this quaint little capital, and then indeed the California. metropolis of the region west of the Rocky Mr. Chapman was no less interested than Mountains, where congregated Oregon's the rest, and, although not excitable, made early heroes, "men of renown," Mr. speedy arrangements for the comfort of his Chapman formed a pleasant acquaintance family during fall and winter, and in a party with Judge S.S. White and Colonel B. containing also Mr. Alanson Hinman of Jennings, formerly of Iowa. He met also the Forest Grove, J.B. McLane of Salem, and most of our early celebrities, and with Mr. Parrish of Linn county, packed across Governor Abernethy had a long and most the mountains to the mines on the valuable conversation, in which he learned Sacramento. The whole of Oregon was pretty much all of the history and prospects moved; and this little party had swelled to a of the young commonwealth, and, with his considerable army by the constant aptitude for formulating a distinct policy, aggregation of other little parties on the descried almost from that moment his own way; but before Sutter's Fort was reached future work and governing ideas in our state. the company broke up into little bands, He decided to make his home at the Falls, scattered out in all directions to the gulches but, returning to his residence near and bars of . Some of Corvallis, was stopped on the way by Dr. these early settlers were lost to our state Wilson of Salem, who treated him with such forever, going nobody knows where in the kindness and cordiality, and moreover made world; while others, having made their it so advantageous for him, that he altered fortune, came back to Oregon to spend their his purpose and accepted Salem as his days in peace and plenty, and to assist in residence. making our state the glory of the Northwest. In February, 1848, he with his family After mining with good success, until reached Salem, where they were furnished autumn, Mr. Chapman made a somewhat quarters in the lower story of the Methodist, indefinite tour to San Francisco, with an eye or old missionary, academy building, and to establishing some kind of a center of trade were treated with all the consideration of or society, thinking a little of forming a members of the Doctor's family. In this combination with Sutter to build a city at

220 Sacramento; but he discovered that the quick Scott Chapman, was born on the 3d day of mind of Judge Burnett had already grasped July, 1850; and the second, Harra Davis the idea and seized the position. At San Chapman, was born on the 17th day of Francisco he remained some time, and was March, 1853. about to visit the other mines of California, The town proprietors of Portland, as but, meeting with Governor Lane, who was Messrs. Coffin, Lownsdale and Chapman on the way from Washington, was were called, at once engaged in any and all persuaded by him to come to Oregon. He enterprises which they deemed calculated to arrived in February or early in March, 1849. advance the interests and prosperity of Proceeding at once to his home in Salem, he Portland as the commercial metropolis of was soon elected representative to the first Oregon. Every town or prospective town on territorial legislature chosen and convened the Lower Willamette and Columbia rivers upon the order of the new governor. During contested with it this pre-eminence. Among this session he was appointed to draft a code these was Milwaukee, five or six miles of laws; but, under a technical construction above Portland; and, had it been a suitable of the Organic law, this act was declared location, the energy and enterprise of its void. proprietor, Lot Whitcomb but a snug river At the end of the session in 1849, he steamer on the line between Milwaukee and decided upon removing to Oregon City, and Astoria, ignoring and for a time refusing to remained there for a short time, but upon a stop at Portland; and he also established a close examination concluded that this could newspaper at Milwaukie. not be the place for the seaport emporium, In the fall or winter of 1850, the owners of and consequently made a thorough the steamer Gold Hunter brought her up to exploration of the Lower Willamette to the Portland, and negotiated her sale for $60,000 Columbia, with the result that he concluded to the town proprietors. Of this sum a few Portland to be the place where transportation outside individuals subscribed small by land and by ship could most readily meet. amounts; but the bulk was taken by the three He found Portland built on a section of land proprietors jointly. Twenty-one thousand owned by General Stephen Coffin and Mr. dollars was paid down; and for the balance, D.H. Lownsdale; and in this claim he bought Coffin, Lownsdale and Chapman gave their a third interest. Although Portland had a joint notes. It was not known, however, that natural advantage, her success as the chief there existed a controversy between a city depended upon her making use of that minority interest at San Francisco and the advantage; and only by showing an majority that brought the steamer up and enterprise equal to that of a dozen other rival sold their interest at Portland. On making places could the favor of nature by turned to the purchase, as the Oregon purchasers held account. Mr. Chapman, with his family and but a few shares above a majority, it was household effects, was "bateaued," from agreed in writing that no Oregon shareholder Oregon City to Portland on the 1st day of should sell his interest except to the Oregon January, 1850. In the spring and summer owners. Captain Hall and N.P. Dennison following, he cleared and erected, upon the each owned small interests; and the first was block upon which the county courthouse put in as captain, and the latter as clerk. The now stands, a frame building for a residence, steamer made regular trips for a number of and with his family resided therein until the times to San Francisco loaded with Oregon fall of 1853. In this building Mrs. Chapman products, such as cattle, hogs, grain and gave birth to two sons. The first, Winfield vegetables, and gave Portland such an

221 advantage over all rivals as to fairly To facilitate the coming of the people of annihilate their hopes for further success, the and Yamhill and Polk and until even the proclaimed the counties, the old cañon road from the head victory. It was in this wise: Uncle Robert of what is now Jefferson street was Kinney, of Yamhill County, meeting his old constantly improved; and in a short time friend Colonel Chapman, said to him, "Well, Portland had the satisfaction of seeing that I see Portland is taking the travel and trade road dusty, while the Oregon City road of the country." The Colonel asked, "Ah, showed but few tracks. Only sixteen blocks how did you learn that?" Mr. Kinney of the city had originally been laid off, and replied, "Why, I have been on several roads; but two streets parallel with the river and I see the snake tracks are all on the road opened; and these were but sixty feet wide. to Portland. You know they always resort to Soon after the entrance of Mr. Chapman into the most traveled and dusty roads." the company, the town plat was enlarged so But although Portland was thus as to include the whole section; and the new successful, and the Gold Hunter was doing streets running north and south were made for her such wonders, a sudden setback was eighty feet in width. given the proprietors. The captain and clerk But one of the most important enterprises mentioned, though their interest was small, of the time was the establishment of a paper had nevertheless enough stock to give the at Portland. In point of journalistic majority control of the steamer; and they enterprise, both Oregon City and Milwaukee were found to be subject to temptation. The were ahead of her; and this was not to be California minority, learning their weakness, endured. Coffin and Chapman went to San on one of the trips to San Francisco gave Francisco in a bark, and, taking with them as them a large bonus for their interest; and a present to the people of that place a pole a they delivered the steamer over to the hundred and thirty feet long cut near the California stockholders. Of this the Portland present residence of W.S. Ladd, to serve as a proprietors learned nothing for some time, flagstaff or "liberty-pole," secured Mr. as mails were infrequent; and they waited in Dryer to come up and bring his newspaper vain for the return of their Gold Hunter. In plant and run a paper. They promised him a the meantime the steamer was run down the salary out of their own means, and, in fact, coast to Tehuantepec, where he was paid his traveling and freight expenses. bottomried and sold; and thus Portland was Upon the arrival of the editor, the office was left in the lurch, and her proprietors lost the set up; and by working all night the first steamer and their money. This dishonest and issue was gotten out. Mr. Chapman, who pusillanimous conduct of Hall and Dennison was one of these night-workers, rendering very seriously injured the proprietors and what assistance a non-typo could, hired a weakened their credit; but the town man with a horse to start early the next prospered nevertheless to such an extent that morning with a pack of papers and distribute Lot Whitcomb ceased to ignore her, and them over the country on the west side of finally ran his boat no farther up the river the Willamette as far up as Corvallis, and to than Portland. The Pacific Steamship return by the east side; while in the town and Company also let go their attempt to make surrounding country his sons, Thomas and St. Helens the point, and anchored at the Arthur, on horseback, delivered the first port of Portland; and that city thenceforth edition of the new paper, and thereby became the recognized seaport. became the first newsboys of Portland. Thus was begun with flying colors the first

222 paper in Portland, which has grown to be the him the responsibility was thrown of chief journal of the Pacific Northwest. At formulating all contracts and conveyances. the suggestion of Mr. Chapman, while still Thenceforward all sales and contracts for in San Francisco, it was given the name sales of lots or blocks were made with a Oregonian. clause of warranty against all persons, the It is proper to state that in commencing United States excepted; and if the work it was necessary for the editor to proprietors obtained the title of the Unites initiate an apprentice, or devil. This duty States they were to make it good to the devolved upon Mr. Chapman, who called to purchasers. Prior to the passage of the his assistance a gentleman present. Donation law, the town proprietors had laid Proceeding to the discharge of the duty, he off the whole section into lots and blocks, blindfolded the "devil," and placed a box streets and public grounds, and had caused between the press and the wall, and fastened maps to be made designating the same. The upon his back the picture of a mule with the Donation law contained a provision that all written declaration thereunder, "I'll split no future sales before the patent issued should more rails." The apprentice thus prepared be void under the Donation law, and that was conducted three times around the room; claims could not be taken by a company or and each time, as he passed over the box by firm; moreover, the wife was entitled to half the press, he was made to bow and repeat of the settler's claim. So the object of the words, "I'll split no more rails." obtaining title according to the respective Many other measures were also rights of the company seemed impossible. undertaken, such as the careful examination The company had sold a great many lots and of Swan Island bar, in order to insure the blocks to each other, and to other persons, as growth and prosperity of the city. While well as having dedicated streets and blocks thus there were for some time rival points on for public use. The matter was referred to the Columbia and Willamette aiming at Colonel Chapman for his advice as to the metropolitan dignity, the hard blows which best plan to obtain title in view of the they aimed at Portland were all met and prohibitory clause in the Donation law, and parried by the energy and foresight of the at the same time hold the town proprietors proprietors. bound for title. In making the purchase of an interest in Colonel Chapman advised that a joint the Portland claim by Colonel Chapman, the contract be made dividing the claim into three, Coffin, Lownsdale and Chapman, three parts as nearly equal as convenient, became joint owners of what was known as each claimant being bound to make good the Portland land claim. The titles and the their former joint or several contracts for form of conveyances at once became any property within his Donation claim, important questions. Pettygrove, and Chapman holding that this was not a Pettygrove and Lovejoy, and Lownsdale and contract for the sale of the property, but only Coffin, successive owners of the claim, and a contract for confirming sales already town proprietors of Portland, had sold lots in made. This plan was adopted. Colonel the town; and each successive purchaser Chapman drew the writings; and the claim contracted to recognize and confirm was divided, each party taking his separate previous sales if he should obtain title from claim under the Donation law and receiving the United States. But the form and effect of a patent. Some years afterwards Lownsdale previous conveyances were very indefinite died; and then his heirs took it into their until Chapman became interested; then upon heads to disregard the contracts for title

223 made by Lownsdale, and brought suits to the church blocks, the seminary blocks, the recover a large amount of the most valuable , and the blocks for a public property in the city of Portland. Many of landing upon the Willamette river, as well as those against whom suits were brought were the streets represented by the surveys and induced to compromise, for which thousands maps. of dollars were paid. Doctor Davenport was In the fall of 1853, becoming impressed one of the parties sued for a valuable with the profit to be made in the cattle property. He was frequently met and sought business, Colonel Chapman acquired the to be influenced to compromise. He would Hudson's Bay Company's improvements at then go to Colonel Chapman, his attorney, to , in what is now Douglas know what he thought about it. On one of county, and although retaining his interest at these occasions his attorney said; "Doctor, I Portland, and continuing in the practice of have given you my opinion; and I have not law, removed to the fort with his family, changed it. If I do I will notify you at once; himself returning to Portland about once a but if you want to compromise don't let me month to see to his interests in that city. At prevent you." He went away satisfied, and his new residence, Mr. Chapman continued never said compromise again. to improve and cultivate his farm and herd The case was prepared for trial before his cattle. United States Circuit Judge Sawyer, sitting On the 28th of April, 1955, Mrs. with United States District Judge Deady; Chapman at Fort Umpqua gave birth to a and they heard the case. After long daughter, who was named Clara. In the fall consideration, Judges Sawyer and Deady of 1855, while Mr. Chapman was attending decided the case for Davenport; and the court at the head of the cañon on the road heirs appealed to the Supreme Court of the from Roseburg to Scottsburg, the news was United States. After hearing the case, the brought that there was a great Indian Supreme Court decided in favor of uprising, particularly fierce and violent on Davenport, upon the very grounds upon Rogue River, with depredations committed which Mr. Chapman, after the passage of the between Jacksonville and Cow Creek. This Donation law, drew the confirmatory was the beginning of the war of 1855-56. contract. That settled forever upon a solid Under the proclamation of the governor, foundation the title to property in Portland Colonel Chapman began at once to gather a proper derived through conveyances from company, of which he was elected captain. Pettygrove, Lownsdale, Coffin or Chapman, No sooner was this responsibility laid upon as is plainly shown by the following extract him than he went to Portland, riding day and from the opinion of the Supreme Court, as night, to procure arms for his men, and delivered by Justice Miller; "But counsel, returning took from his own farm, wagons, resting solely on the latest written agreement mules and horses for the equipment of the between Lownsdale, Coffin and Chapman, company. Proceeding thus by forced insist that it was void because made after the marches towards the seat of war at the Little Donation act was passed. That agreement , stopping at Roseburg only long was only designed to give effect to the enough to be mustered in proper form as previous contracts on the same subject, and Company I of Major Martin's Battalion, he is in accord with the spirit of the proviso." proceeded expeditiously to join the main This decision not only made valid the titles command. At he was by deed, but also the titles by dedication, compelled to leave the wagons and pack his such as the park blocks, the market blocks, munitions and supplies on mules and horses,

224 having prepared for this emergency. On the experiences of the last year, advised to press trail he overtook Captain Smith of the the Indians, and unite them as closely as with his company, on the possible, compelling them to concentrate at way to join the forces at the Meadows. The some point, probably at the Meadows. This captain was waiting, however, to learn place, the fastness of the Indians, was a whether the major commanding was going rocky cliff or bluff on the south side of the to fight, or give up the campaign. Mr. Rogue river, opposite a wide strip of clear Chapman learned upon further procedure, lands. To cross the meadows, and that that night there was to be a council upon ford the swift and dangerous river in the face this very point as to continuing the of an enemy concealed among the rocks and campaign for the winter. trees, was an impossibility. At the assembling of the officers, Colonel Colonel Chapman therefore advised that a Chapman felt, as a new member and but one force; the Southern Battalion, be sent down day upon the field, somewhat diffident about the south side of the river by way of the Port giving an opinion, but was nevertheless Orford trail, to attack the Indians from the forcibly impressed with the belief that if the rear of their stronghold, and another force, forces were withdrawn the Indians would at the Northern Battalion, be sent to cooperate once scatter out and fall upon the on the north side, and if the Indians fled settlements; while if they were followed and across the stream to be there to meet them. pursued and thereby held together, they By this strategy the enemy must be crushed would be prevented from perpetrating between the two battalions. This suggestion outrages. He therefore favored building a was adopted; and, at the request of General fort and leaving a strong garrison; but, on Lamerick, Chapman reluctantly consented to account of lack of military experience, he take command of the Southern Battalion, did no more than make the suggestion. His with headquarters at Vannoy's Ferry. As foresight, however, was but too terribly soon as he began concentrating his forces, verified by the depredations committed soon which were scattered at various places in after the troops were withdrawn. During the , he was met with winter that followed, the movements of expressions of fear from the settlers that troops were of little concern, and the army they would now be left without defense, and was reorganized. Lamerick was chosen exposed to the attacks of the Indians. brigadier-general by the legislature, and Colonel Chapman, however, assured them appointed commander of the Second that he would stand between them and the Regiment of Oregon Volunteers. At an Indians; and, having made all preparations, election, John Kelsey was chosen colonel, he set out at the head of the forces, and Mr. Chapman lieutenant-colonel. James numbering some three hundred or four Bruce, then whom there was never an abler hundred man, all hardy, sturdy soldiers, or better officer, or one more intelligent or good fighters, and mostly miners. Moving more ready to carry out a command to the to Hays, on Slate creek, where the Indians letter, was chosen major of the Second or had left tracks by recent depredations, scouts Southern Battalion, and Latshaw, an able were sent out to find the enemy; and it was and energetic officer, of the First or soon ascertained, as was anticipated, that the Northern. At a council of war held soon savages had concentrated in the presence of after the forces were gathered together, to the large force coming after them, and had decide upon a plan of campaign, Colonel retreated to their great stronghold opposite Chapman basing his opinion upon the the Big or Lower Meadows. This was a

225 point a little below their place of defense of the river; and, as has been said, for some the previous year, which was called the reason he failed to cross. The reason was Upper or Little Meadows, and was a certain and sufficient. It was the same stronger position, being better defended on reason (the impassability of the river) why the north. the whole army commanded by Major Judea Returning to Vannoy's, preparations for a of the United States army, and Major Martin simultaneous movement were made The of the State Volunteers, with the mountain men were dismounted, only animals howitzer to aid them, in the fall preceding, sufficient for the commissary being allowed; were unable to cross the river in the face of and the expedition on both banks moved the Indians. This impassibility led Colonel forward. There was a point on the Port Chapman, in the spring of 1856, to plan a Orford trail known as Peavine Camp, high campaign by which the Southern battalion on the ridge, not far from the meadows on was to go down to the south side of Rogue the south side, to which Chapman was to river, and the Northern Battalion to go down repair with his force, and from this point on the north side, and which he partially watch the trail below on the north that carried out but it was broken by the order of heights ascertain the movement of Lamerick General Lamerick before mentioned to join and the Northern Battalion, whose force him on the north side. At length the Indians would be visible there as he went by. chose to leave their camp. Then an advance Reaching Peavine, Chapman waited some across the river was made, when General time in the snow, which still hung on the Lamerick found that they had gone; and he high ridge, but failed to discover is superior, occupied their deserted camp one day and and at length was told that his flat had been one night. General Lamerick then made an seen on the Upper Meadows. Scouts were order for the army to retire from the further sent ahead, who found the Indians in force pursuit of the Indians, part to , under the bluff opposite the Lower part to Jacksonville, and part to other places. Meadows; and all preparations were made On the same day, before these orders were for an attack, the men being eager for the put into execution, Colonel Chapman, work. But just at this juncture, however, a seeing that if these orders should be carried message was received by Colonel Chapman out the whole plan of this campaign would from General Lamerick, stating that he had be broken, the Indians left free to destroy the learned that it would be impossible for lives and property of the settlers, and the Colonel Chapman to reach the Indians on volunteers left with the same unsatisfactory the south side, and ordering Chapman and results as after the unfruitful campaign of his battalion to cross the river to the north the year before, urged General Lamerick to side and join him. Chapman and his men build a fort near by, and to man the same, to were annoyed at this intelligence and hold and keep the Indians in check. At this command, and for a time thought seriously suggestion the General took offense, and of disregarding the order, but, upon swore around like mad, but said he would consultation, it was decided not to make the refer the matter to a council of war. At this attack, but to rejoin General Lamerick, council Chapman was called upon to explain which they did. his views, which were at once indorsed by At the Meadows, considerable fighting every member of the council; and it was was done across the river. Major Bruce was decided to erect a fort, which was ordered by General Lamerick, with a small immediately done; and it was named Fort command, in the face of the Indians, to cross Lamerick. Major Latshaw was placed in

226 command there; and the remaining troops only evil. From that moment he was were sent to various points (as before dropped; and Judge Kelsey, of pronounced mentioned). Lamerick went to Jacksonville, pro- views, was selected for the and Chapman to Roseburg. Latshaw, a place. Among those who thus discarded the brave and vigilant officer, soon reported to Colonel were a number who afterwards Colonel Chapman that he had found the became prominent Republicans. Indians on John Mule creek, and was only During this or the following year he waiting orders to attack them, and asked also visited Eugene, and purchasing extensive for a supply of provisions. Chapman at once farming property removed hither with his issued the order for an attack, and sent off family. While there the election of the provisions. Major Latshaw, in territorial and state representatives occurred; pursuance of Colonel Chapman's order, and he received the nomination to a seat as promptly attacked and whipped the Indians; territorial member. The number of and by this blow, and the timely aid he gave candidates being large, a very lively canvass the regular army then coming up Rogue was conducted, for a part of the time at least River, the war was ended. The Indians the whole legislative ticket stumping surrendered to the United States troops, they together. The Colonel bore a large part of having some natural distrust of the settlers the burden of this work. and soldiers amongst whom they had been As the contest for senator drew near, a pillaging and murdering. strong movement was set on foot to elect Resuming civil life, the Colonel removed Chapman. He would have been a very in the latter part of 1856 to Corvallis with strong candidate but for a number of his family. In 1857, on the first day of July, reasons, chief among which was his at Corvallis, Mrs. Chapman gave birth to opposition to slavery in Oregon; and his another daughter, which was named party could not allow him the honor. He Margaret. The admission of Oregon as a was also spoken of as a worthy man for the state was now taking definite form; and it position of United States district judge. was supposed as a matter of course that the While the party managers were trying to Colonel would be a member of the adjust these claims of his friends, and at the constitutional convention from the Corvallis same time not injure the party by offending district. There was, however, at that time other aspirants for these positions, the much division of opinion on the subject of Oregon legislature being still in session, slavery, and what provision in respect to this news was received from Washington that the institution should be inserted in the Colonel was appointed surveyor-general of instrument constituting Oregon a state. A Oregon; and he himself received at the same meeting of the Democratic party was held at time a letter from General Lane strongly Salem; and, while returning with a number urging him to accept. Feeling for the of his party friends to Corvallis, the subject General the strongest friendship and was broached; and Colonel Chapman personal attachment, he consented to do so; frankly said he would be opposed to slavery, and all the party claims were speedily as it was a thing that could not be adjusted. In 1861, believing it unbecoming established in such a community, and that a to hold office under a President whose movement to attempt this was uncalled for. election he had opposed, he tendered the He expressed no hostility to the South, but resignation of his office, and was superseded believed that the attempt of such a social after some time by P.J. Pengra. change as this policy contemplated would be

227 While not believing in the coercion of erroneous treatment in works hitherto states, Colonel Chapman did a service published is deserving of a place in second to none in Oregon for the authentic history, will not only serve to preservation of the peace and happiness of detach from his life and public acts all the Pacific states. In the early days of the imputation of blame, but will also be of war, there was a strong attempt on the part interest in showing the true character of the of the South to agitate the idea of still people and of the justices of the Supreme further embarrassing the government by the Court, which would otherwise rest under establishment of a Pacific republic. Dr. suspicion. The colonel writes, September, Gwynn, of Virginia, sent letters to 1889: prominent Democrats; and news of these "In 1851, in the at Hillsboro, came to Colonel Chapman, to know what to Washington county, Judge Pratt took do with reference to this matter. Not only exception to the language of an affidavit for did he not favor the suggestion, but advised change of venue drawn by myself for my to let it utterly alone, and so far disapproved client, and ordered me imprisoned, and that as to sit down at once and write as strong an my name be stricken from the roll of article as he knew how to compose, attorneys. The supreme court reversed and deprecating any such an attempt, urging the annulled these orders; and so the matter most weighty reasons, such as that this rested until of late years, when some writers movement meant the uprooting of society in for history have seen proper to revive it. Oregon, and would bring in changes that The first of these I think was Lang's history. would be destructive of her fabric. The The manner of its mention there I did not article was published in a paper at Eugene, think worthy of notice. I had long let and was copied into a number of other bygones be bygones. But Bancroft's history journals, and being widely read produced a so foully misrepresents the facts as to place deep impression. Coming from so me in the wrong, and represents the people prominent a Democrat as Colonel Chapman, as rescuing me from the hands of the law; it had the effect to kill the rash enterprise in and justice requires that a correct history of the bud. the matter be given to posterity. In order to During the fall of 1861, Colonel give correct and indisputable knowledge of Chapman, with his family and household the cause of affront to Judge Pratt, I have effects, returned to his old homestead in caused the clerks of the supreme court and Portland, and in the early part of the year of the circuit court at Hillsboro to make 1862 erected the residence at Twelfth and diligent search for the original affidavit and Jefferson streets in that city, which has ever record entry, none of which they have been since been the family home. During the able to find. I must, therefore, state the facts years of his later residence in Portland, the from my best recollection; and they are as Colonel has practiced law extensively, follows: especially in land matters, and spent a life of "Robert Thompson had a suit in the state energy and a magnificent fortune in his circuit court at Hillsboro before Judge Pratt. noble determination to secure for Oregon its He wanted a change of venue because, as he one great desideratum, Eastern railroad said, the Judge was prejudiced against him. connections. The following explanation of He told me that the ground of the prejudice Colonel Chapman, with reference to a was that they had had a quarrel over a game matter which he deems of no great of cards, or at a gambling table, in Galena, importance in itself, but which from its very Illinois. Out of respect for the court, I did

228 not fully set forth in the affidavit and motion left me to remain there and himself went on the grounds of circumstances giving rise to to the town. In a day or two a writ of error the prejudice, thinking that the Judge would came, and I was at ease; and in due time the not be tenacious upon the subject. But he supreme court reversed Judge Pratt. overruled the motion and affidavit because "But this is not all. The writer for they were not sufficiently specific. I then, at Bancroft's history goes bac (sic) the instance of my client, drew an affidavit and motion alleging more specifically the circumstances out of which the prejudice arose. Upon this the Judge ordered me to Winfield S. show cause why I should not be imprisoned, and my name stricken from the rolls for Chapman (1850- ) contempt. Having heard Mr. Tilford in my behalf, the Judge reached to his hat and took out the order against me, which he had From: “The City of Portland, 1911.”xv drawn up before he came into court or heard my defence. The second affidavit, the one objected to, was made thus specific only infield S. Chapman of Portland, is because the Judge had ruled out the first Wone of the oldest among the native because it was not specific. The Judge residents here, his birth having occurred in having directed the order against me to be the then village of Portland on the 3d of entered, the court adjourned. July, 1850. He is a son of Col. W. W. "The statement in Bancroft's history that Chapman, whose biography precedes this. the people aided me to escape is an His parents removed to southern Oregon in unmitigated falsehood. While the Judge was deciding against me, I observed that the people were excited; and I so conducted myself as to avoid, as much as possible, further irritation. As we went to dinner I told the sheriff I was going home; that my family would be uneasy, but that I would be at his service in the morning. After dinner my horse was brought out; and the sheriff took him by the tip of the tail and told me not to go. I, however, jumped upon my horse; and the sheriff's tail-hold slipped, and consequently I rode off. Two gentlemen only were present, who were going to Portland, but they never uttered a word. Next morning the sheriff came into the city past my house; and I went down town with him in order to go back. There some friends who made some demonstration unfavorable Figure 28. Winfield S. Chapman. (From Oregon to my return; but I put a stop to it and rode Native Son, 1899-1900) off with the sheriff. When we reached his house, three of four miles from Hillsboro, he

229 1853., but returned to Portland in 1861, so two hundred thousand dollars, but the that Winfield S. Chapman largely acquired decline in the real estate market was so great his early education in the schools of this and so rapid that his entire wealth was swept city, principally in the old Portland away. In 1899 he went to Skagway, Alaska, Academy, from which he was graduated in where he edited the Daily Alaskan until his 1868. return to Portland to prepare for departure to Following his graduation, he entered the Cape Nome, whither he went in the spring office of the city surveyor as assistant and a of 1900 as part owner of an outfit of year after attaining his majority became machinery for mining gold from the beach chief of that department, which position he sands. This enterprise, however, was not filled for two years, when a change in successful. In 1904 he accepted the position political administration occurred and a of district engineer in the office of the city democrat was appointed. Turning his engineer, and has since acted in that attention to the field of journalism in 1878, capacity. While he has given assiduous he founded the Daily Bee, of which he was attention to the duties of the office, which editor. He made this a popular and have been discharged with the utmost successful paper, but in the fall of that year fidelity and ability, he is also interested in sold out and again became city surveyor, various private enterprises which are now which position he held until 1881. In that proving sources of profitable return. In year the city council again became politics he has likewise been an active democratic, and he once more left the office; republican, stanchly advocating the but in 1883 was again appointed, so serving principles of the party. until 1884, when he resigned in order to One of the strongly marked characteristics accept the position of superintendent of of Mr. Chapman has been his filial love and streets, which he held until the office devotion to his parents, to whom he was became elective in 1891, at which time he especially attentive and helpful in their last refused the nomination. During the '70s he years promise. On the 21st of December, devoted several thousand dollars to assisting 1908, he wedded Miss E. E. Crookham of his father in the projected railroad from Salt San Francisco, a daughter of Judge J. A. Lake to Portland and surveyed a part of the Crookham of Oskaloosa, Iowa. She is a line at his own expense. During the lady of high educational attainments, who following decade he was the controlling was graduated from Mt. Holyoke College, spirit in the installation and operation of the visited England and other countries of Jefferson street steam ferry, which after long Europe a second time in pursuing her litigation broke the monopoly that had been studies. For several years she was a controlled by the ferry for many successful teacher in the Portland high years. He was also the organizer and the school, and afterward accepted a position in main promoter in the construction of the the city schools of San Francisco, where she waterworks on the east side of the river, the lived and experienced the terrors of "the first system established there, and obtained a great fire” in that city. While Mr. Chapman franchise for, located and planned the has at times met reverses in his business Madison street bridge, but sold the ferry and enterprises owing largely to conditions over franchise before the work on the bridge had which he had no control, he has nevertheless progressed far. done an important part in the upbuilding of The panic of 1893 found Mr. Chapman the northwest and his service as a public with real estate on his hands to the extent of

230 official has been marked by a fidelity that into power in the council and he was again none have questioned.” relieved. In 1883 the republicans held the majority, and be was placed in charge as From: “The Oregon Native Son, 1899- before. It is quite a coincidence that the 1901.” gentleman succeeding him on both the occasions when adverse politics removed Among the first to be born in Portland, him, that his successor was one of his Oregon, was the gentleman whose name Academy graduating classmates—Douglas heads this article, the date of his birth being W. Taylor. The circumstances did not, July 3, 1850. His parents were Col. W. W. however, alter their life-long friendship for and Margaret Fee (Ingraham), Chapman, each other, both treating the matter as it was who came across the plains in 1847, and to politics. Portland in 1849. From 1853 to 1861 he In 1884 he resigned the office of surveyor was a resident of Southern Oregon, living to accept that of superintendent of streets, there with his parents. In the latter year the holding the latter until 1891 when the office paternal roof was again established in became elective. He was tendered the Portland, and Mr. Chapman has continued to nomination but declined, as his private reside there ever since with the exception of business claimed his attention to such an about two years spent in Alaska. He extent that he must give up one or the other. remembers the raising of the first tall flag During the "seventies"' he devoted several staff erected on one of the plaza blocks in thousand dollars to assist his father in the 1853, and says that some of the limbs of the projected railroad from Salt Lake to fir trees standing near had to be cut away so Portland, and surveyed a portion of the line as to facilitate the raising. at his own expense. In the "eighties” he was The greater portion of his education was the controlling spirit in the operation of the secured while attending the old Portland Jefferson street steam ferry, which, after Academy, from which he graduated in the determined litigation, broke the hold the class of 1868. His inclinations led him to Stark street ferry monopoly had maintained engineering for an occupation, an avocation for so many years previously. He was also which he has generally followed, still he has interested in the construction of the devoted considerable time to editorial work waterworks on the east side of the river, and on newspapers. The day after his graduation obtained the franchise for and located and he entered the office of the city surveyor of planned the Madison street bridge, but sold Portland as assistant, and a year subsequent the ferry and franchise before work had to attaining his majority became the chief of progressed far on the building of the bridge. that department, remaining in the position The panic of 1893 found him loaded up two years when he was relieved from duty with about $200,000 worth of real estate, the by the appointment of a democrat, that party decline in which was so great that his entire having secured control of the council. wealth was swept away, and he was obliged In 1878 he established the Daily Bee, of to begin again on the road to fortune. In which he was editor. Under his guidance it 1900 he went to Skagway, Alaska, and was popular and successful, but after selling, while there edited the Daily Alaskan, but it met with disaster and suspended. In the gave tip the position to return to Portland to fall of 1878 he again entered the employ of prepare for departure to Cape Nome, where the city as surveyor, retaining the position he went in the spring of 1900, taking along, until 1881. In this year the democracy came as part owner, an outfit of machinery for the

231 purpose of extracting gold from the reputed enough money to purchase passage by sea to valuable beach sands. In the venture he San Francisco. He and two of his brothers fared like others going for the same purpose. would load a 70-foot barge with produce, There was not yellow metal enough in the about 3000 bushels, and float down the river sand to pay for working it, and in system to New Orleans and sell it all. With consequence the endeavor met with failure. his share of the profit, Justin would buy Mr. Chapman is of that class which does not passage. stop at defeat, but when it comes begins The barge embarked on March 30, 1849 over again and strives to win. He will yet and began floating downstream. Within a know success, for brainy men always take week, an argument developed between the lead and are the managers of this world's Justin and an older brother about whether to affairs. float at night or during the day because of Mr. Chapman is unmarried, and this may the winds that blew during the day, and be due to the fact that he promised his Justin threatened to leave, at least once mother that he would remain single while trying to flag a nearby steamer. The goods she lived. He was noted for his devotion to were all sold, and Justin received his share, his parents, and no son could have done $80.00, in early May and while at New more for the authors of his birth at all times Orleans, he bought a trunk, clothes, a photo and especially during the winter of their of himself, Locke’s Essays, The Ruby, years, than he did. Oracles and the Poets, Language of the Flowers, and 2 gold rings, and a ticket on a northbound steamer to St Louis, since he did not receive enough money to go to California.. On the way up river he wrote a letter to Virginia Drake, apologizing for some Justin Chenoweth conduct “which I doubtless excited your disgust” and sent her one of the rings. He (1825-1898) spent another $18.00 at St. Louis and headed up the Missouri where he encountered Major By Jerry C. Olson Reynolds and secured a civilian job with the United States Mounted Rifles heading to ustin Chenoweth was born in Darvin, Oregon and then California via the Oregon JClark County, Illinois on November 17, Trail. He left Fort Leavenworth with 1825, the tenth of eleven children, to John $10.00. The group consisted of 105 persons, Chenoweth and Rebecca Rose. He grew up mostly military men and wives, and 36 on a farm that eventually passed to other wagons, all by 6 mule teams. Justin kept no children. Not much is known about his diary of the journey and arrived in Oregon youth except that he studied civil City on November 15, 1849, almost on his engineering and ventured to for a year 24th birthday. to do surveying. For some reason he decided not to xvi, From his writings it becomes apparent continue to California, but to stay in Oregon. that he thought that everyone believed he In early December, he took up boarding a was, and would stay, a failure in life, but he family named Frier and started teaching was determined to prove them wrong. school at Linn City. It was soon evident that Having heard about the gold rush in with all of the growth and settlers moving California, a scheme developed to secure

232 Justin. Asbury’s wife died at Laramie on the trail in 1849. He had been married 7 years with two children, but the children never showed up in Oregon. He remarried to Elizabeth Finley in March 1850 in Oregon City. On April 1st, Justin, Asbury and George Johnson left Portland for The Cascades, traveling first by canoe to Ough’s place at Washougal, then by Indian canoe to present North Bonneville. There Justin surveyed a claim Figure 29 The territory around The Cascades from the Lower Cascades to the area of the sawmill on Rock Creek, showing the Military Road, the first portage railroad and the Upper for Chenoweth Cascades, from the survey by Lewis Van Vleet in 1859. and Johnson, on the North side of in, there was a demand for surveyors, and in the Columbia, for early 1850 he began surveying claim filing a notification of a DLC, which notifications and new townsites. Among the encompassed the entire riverfront of The clients were Dr McLoughlin at Oregon City, Cascades and was deep enough to enclose Pratt and Couch for the City of Portland, and 640 acres. When Lewis Van Vleet surveyed the County for surveying a road from Linn the official version in 1860, he made a few City to Portland. In a letter, he wrote that modifications because parts of it were the compass needle could not be relied upon unsurveyable. The claim was surveyed and because of up to three degrees of local patented as the D. F. Bradford DLC. attraction. However, he did buy a new When this was finished, Justin went to the compass for $100.00 from his earnings that south side of the river to survey a claim of winter. his own. He could get no help from the Among the recent arrivals in Oregon City Indians, so he accomplished the task alone. was Francis Asbury Chenoweth, a cousin of Two days later and still alone, he started

233 was Territorial Librarian until a dispute arose about his office in the library. He surveyed on the Portland townsite until going to The Dalles in June. At The Dalles, he found an Indian to help survey Mr. Smith’s lower claim, but the other Indians stopped him from further work, saying there would be no claims at The Dalles. “McKay” arrived, and the Indians allowed for the survey of the Figure 30. The Rapids at the Cascades of the Columbia River. (U. S. Army Corps of upper claim, a Engineers, 1929.) townsite for Thomas Smith, and The Methodist Mission down the river on foot, finding a sample of Claim. “McKay” left and so did Justin, coal on the way. Some empty barrels catching a boat for The Cascades presented themselves, and a temporary raft The next year was spent going back was constructed. He floated on down until and forth between Oregon City and The encountering some more rapids, abandoned Dalles, surveying claims, towns and roads. the barrels, and found them again below the He attempted to find the “coal” deposit at rapids in an eddy. He floated all night on the south side of the river, but failed, and the barrels, stopping again at Ough’s place offered to refund the $100 he was paid for to eat, and then continued floating to Fort his interest. He also worked at the ferry Vancouver, where he stayed at Amos between Linn City and Oregon City, Short’s for $2.00. He rode a canoe with Mr. operating it for a percentage of the take. He Kellogg to a point across the Willamette moved back to boarding at the Friers and spent a lot of his money lavishing gifts and from Portland, and then walked to Oregon poems on Mary Frier, the 11 year old City in the next two days, arriving on the daughter of his landlord He surveyed a 14th, filing his claim promptly. new claim three miles from Oregon City for He was appointed Assistant Clerk to himself, but never patented it. The claim he the Council (Oregon Senate) and wrote did patent was on the northwesterly side of Francis that he was stuck in Oregon City. The Dalles on Chenoweth Creek. It is Justin declined an interest in the venture at unknown when he surveyed or filed on it, The Cascades and sold his interest in the but by 1851 he was planting crops and trees. claim at the Cascades for $100. Briefly, he On the many trips to The Dalles, he

234 Figure 31. The GLO survey of T2N R13E in 1859 by Lafayette Cartee showing Justin Chenoweth's improvements and his house. surveyed many of the claims along the upper $1000 per year, for delivering mail twice a Columbia. The claims and townsites of week between the Upper Cascades and The Bradford, Johnson and Francis Chenoweth Dalles, a distance of about 15 miles. He were all surveyed by Justin. intended to both sail and row the skiff on the For his time he was a fanatic about contract. Unfortunately, upon assessing on newspapers, subscribing to several, how to get it up the rapids at The Cascades, including his hometown paper. That must it drifted away while he was gone, and he have been expensive to mail it through lost it. He built another at the sawmill on Panama. He also paid for a subscription for Rock Creek at Stevenson in time for his his father to the Spectator. The Chenoweth contract. He also built and sold another collection at OHS includes some letters to skiff at Rock Creek. Later that summer, he the editor of the Spectator, some of which went downstream and found the first one in had been published. Historical reviewers a slough opposite St. Helens, OR. called them “windy and nonsensical”, While constructing the second skiff, he containing some far reaching allegories was helping haul lumber to the Upper about politics in Oregon. Cascades on a barge when the barge got With some foresight, he started caught in the current and was swept over the building a skiff in January 1851, finishing it rapids. An Indian and Mr. Watkins jumped two months later. In June the U S. Postal early, but Justin, Francis and another Indian Service awarded Justin the mail contract, at rode it out. They made it to the second

235 rapids where the whole thing broke apart. attempt. The steamer James Flint made Justin and Francis clung to a pile of lumber occasional runs on the route, and he would and made it to an island about four miles hitch a ride with the mail when he could. downstream. The Indians later picked them He first built a shanty on his claim, up, but they barely survived severe calling it his “hole in the ground”, and then hypothermia. The Indian made it to another built a house, 10 x 12 feet. In a letter to a island. friend, he said “…not good with women, but The postal contract was finally now have house and claim, and will awarded, and Justin made his first run back probably pick up the first wench that falls in and forth to The Dalles on August 5, 1851, my way.” In the fall of 1852, there were taking 2 days for the round trip. He lived many emigrants coming down the alternately between his claim on Chenoweth Columbia. He transported many individuals Creek and The Cascades, making twice- in his skiff, and helped them as he could. weekly trips. Getting paid in a timely way One family had lost their father, Benjamin from the U. S. was always a problem. The Vickers, along the way and were in need at wind would often blow extremely hard, and the end of the trip. Justin became attached he could not make the run, but the Postal to a daughter, Marie Henrietta, while at the Service was not sympathetic. Sometimes Cascades, and wrote to her soon thereafter, the East winds would blow through the saying he would follow here wherever she gorge for 2 weeks at a time, making it went. At that time, he wrote his father impossible for his small skiff to be on the saying,“…have land, a house, $1000 in gold river. At one time at least, he severely with more due, $600 of personal property, damaged his skiff and some supplies in an and I owe nothing.”

Figure 32. The southern portion of T2N R2E showing the Mill Plain Farm of the Hudson Bay Co. and that Chenoweth surveyed portions of their farm.

236 subsequently named to several posts. He was the first Probate Judge for Wasco County, and then School Superintendent and County Surveyor. He achieved some notoriety for filing charges with the Prosecuting Attorney against a white man for killing two Indians Washington Territory was split from Oregon Territory in 1854 during a Democratic regime. It is probable that both Justin and Francis were Democrats, for Justin noted in his diary of contributing to the Democrats. Francis Chenoweth was appointed to the first Washington Territorial Supreme Court. A Democrat, James Tilton became the first Surveyor General of Washington, and Justin Chenoweth was awarded Contract 1 for Washington, the first

Figure 33. Justin Chenoweth DLC on Chenoweth Creek in T2N R13E north of General Land Office The Dalles. contract for surveying the public lands issued by the Justin and Henrietta were married at Washington Surveyor General’s office. Butteville, on the Willamette in December Previous surveys in Washington Territory 1852 and moved to The Dalles in February. were under the Oregon Surveyor General. He again wrote his father that he was The contract was awarded April 24, 1855 married and “…wife is large, well and approved May 16, 1855, and Justin proportioned, with good features and good Chenoweth became a U. S. Deputy sense. …bred to hard labor and has little Surveyor. After approval, he ordered a learning, but is possessed of a remarkable Burt’s Improved Solar Compass, nautical good disposition and industrious habit.” almanac, marking iron, two dozen field Their first child, John, was born a year later books, and the latest pamphlet of at The Dalles, with Emily and Justin Jr. instructions. arriving in the following years.. From July 11 until September 13, he The Oregon Territorial Legislature surveyed T2N R2E, which is presently in the created Wasco County, and Justin was

237 Vancouver, WA, Urban Area, centered on reservation, saying he had a right to the land Orchards, WA. The original instructions after the Army was done with it. He was directed him to exclude any holdings of the surveying the Portage Railroad between the Hudson’s Bay Co. from the survey, but that Lower and Upper Cascades in 1862 when was later changed. Some were included, his wife, Henrietta died. He was crushed. and some were omitted and surveyed by His relatives did not hear from him for over others later. Lewis Van Vleet was employed a year and were worried, even though they as compassman. He had filed a DLC a short knew what had happened. The children distance away in Fern Prairie and had went to the in-laws, and Justin would never worked as a member of various field crews care for them again personally, even though for Deputy Surveyors, and would become a they were close the rest of their lives. He Deputy Surveyor himself for many contracts was in and out of money, always borrowing to come. This township is very flat and and making excuses. consisted of mostly open plains. With Van He did make another GLO survey Vleet still as compassman, he surveyed T1N under Special Instructions in 1863 of the R3E (near Camas, WA) and T1N R4E Felix Iman DLC near the Cascades. It is (Washougal WA and east) between reported he also drove stagecoach between September 22 and October 22, 1855. James The Dalles and . In 1867, he Tilton approved them all on April 26, 1856. got his patent to the DLC on Chenoweth On March 26, 1856, the local Indians, Creek near The Dalles. In 1870, he was assisted and inspired by the Klickitats, surveying for a railroad through Portland attacked the Upper and Lower Cascades, heading east. He was a chainman and keeping them under siege for several days. “geologist” for Alexander McAndrews for Blockhouses had been built at both the GLO Survey of T9N R1E in 1872, just locations, anticipating the possibility, but south of the town of Toutle. Justin was never the less, many whites were killed in living in Newaukum when he was elected the attack. It is unknown whether Justin was County Surveyor of Lewis Co. in 1874. He there or played a part. An account of the sued the Newaukum Mill and Power Co battle later described a Hardin (Justin?) over a canal, and was charged by the state Chenoweth lying on the floor of the steamer for criminally threatening in Thurston Mary during the attack while workers were County. He was also charged by the state trying to start the boilers to get her away for criminally obstructing a public highway, from the dock. They were successful and and he sued Nathan B. Gates and William headed to The Dalles to sound the alarm and Knapp for damages and false imprisonment get help. As the steamer pulled away from in Thurston County. In 1877 he was the dock, Hardin sounded the whistle, which charged and found guilty of unlawfully let the people in the blockhouse know the cutting timber by the USA, but records Mary was on her way. indicate between 1877 and 1879 he was still Justin continued surveying and surveying in Pierce and Lewis Counties. farming. He would get into disputes such as By 1880, he and Justin, Jr. were living when the Oregon Legislature voted to in La Conner, and he was listed as a laborer expunge from the record his “scurrilous” in the census. In 1881 he moved to New attack on James Ferguson and the legislature Westminister, Canada to work in a cannery, over the naming of a county. He also and then to Nanaimo in 1885. He told challenged the Army over the location of his Emily that he wanted to move to California, first cabin within the former military but was too sick to travel. Justin, Jr. built a

238 65-foot sailboat for himself and a partner store was at Wallula. Father's timber claim named the George R White to be used it to was where the penitentiary now stands. My go sealing near Alaska. He had only a 25% father was a government surveyor and my interest. He continued sealing husband was the city engineer and engineer unsuccessfully for 5 years, trying to get out for the 0. W. R. &.N .railroad. by selling his boat. In October, 1894, he was a much larger leased the boat and was to sail back as a stream when we played along its banks in passenger from Onalaska, Alaska, but both the 1860's and 1870's. We had a row boat. he and the ship were lost at sea soon after Our only playmates were two quarter-breed leaving harbor in a gale. children. Their father was a white man. I Justin eventually made it to California by was eight years old before I ever saw a 1890, where he lived with or near his son white woman excepting my mother. John. Later he would move back to Portland Father's surveying duties kept him away to be near Emily, where he died on March quite a hit of the time, and mother and us 16, 1898. He is buried beside Henrietta, children never had a way of traveling, and both in unmarked graves in Pleasant View there were Indians prowling around. Cemetery near Sherwood Oregon, in the We had a one-room log house with lean-to Vickers plot. He leaves a U. S. Census and a loft, reached by a ladder, where the District, Chenoweth, near The Dalles, and boys slept. We cooked in the fireplace. Chenoweth Creek named after him. He also Mother made the most delicious scones, leaves his letters, diaries and articles which dropping the dough in a frying pan which reveal a deeper look into his thinking and she placed in front of the fire. We hung our character than most are willing to share. kettles on a crane. "One of the hest meals my mother ever cooked, we had to run away from. It. was in the year 1878. Our first new potatoes and Edwin S. Clark ( - peas made part of that dinner which I shall never forget. Father had brought down two ) wild ducks that morning and mother dressed them, then made a currant pie. Just as everything was on the table, a man dashed From Recollections of Cora Loehr Clark, up on his horse, shouting, "Three hundred daughter of Francis F. Loehr and wife of Indians on the warpath!" Edwin S. Clark, in “As Told by the "Mother snatched a few trinkets and Pioneers.”xvii valuable papers and she and us children joined the procession of settlers on their way “I was born in 1863. My father crossed to the fort. Father refused to leave his place, the plains in 1852 and settled in the but hid the most treasured possessions in the Willamette Valley. He served in the Rogue old dug-out which had been his first home. River war in 1855-56. Mother crossed the It was overgrown with grass and vines, so he plains in 1859, coming straight to Walla felt it to be a safe hiding place. We met the Walla. Father brought his cattle up from soldiers, but no one turned hack. There was Oregon and located on the Walla Walla no battle, and in a day or so we returned River two and one-half miles from Touchet home, in 1859. He was attracted by the fine "We were near the old camping ground of pasture land and the stream. Our nearest the Indians. In the fall they came for choke

239 and black and red haws. They dried ON. NEWTON CLARK. A varied, this fruit and from the farmers they bought eventful and interesting career or begged pumpkins, and stewed them and Hpreceded the coming of Hon. dried the pulp. Newton Clark to Portland in 1889, his chief Frenchtown was not far away, where incentive in thus selecting this city for his many of the who were home being the better to fulfill his important with the Hudson's Bay Company, had settled responsibility as grand recorder of the Grand with their Indian wives. Lodge of the Ancient Order of United The cattle trail went past our farm and the Workmen of the state of Oregon, a position cowboys always bedded down on some which he has maintained with special vacant land near us, so they could be near distinction, and for a longer time, than any water. They would come to the house and other man in the state. get and other provisions. One of the most wonderful sights of my childhood was 10,000 head of cattle being driven to . Father drove his ox team to Wallula for provisions. He always bought in quantities. He bought calico and domestics by the bolt; coffee, tea and sugar and other necessities in large quantities. One time he drove the ox team to Wallula and "fast freight" had just been unloaded from a boat. It had to be in Walla Walla by sundown. Freighters had horse teams at that time and they refused to take it, as it was a 32 mile drive with a heavy load. Father agreed to do it, and left Wallula at 4 o'clock in the morning. That evening, just as the sunset gun was fired at the fort, he pulled into Walla Walla with the load of freight. "We had no school when I was a child and Figure 34. Newton Clark. never any church services, Sunday school, or anything of the kind." A native of McHenry County Ill, Mr. Clark was born May 27, 1837, and is a son of Thomas L. and Delilah (Saddoris) Clark, Newton Clark and grandson of Richard Clark. The latter was born in Ohio, and served in the war of (1837-1918) 1812 under General Harrison. At a later date he settled in Indiana, still later taking up his residence in McHenry County, Ill., whence he removed to the farm near From: “Portrait and Biographical Baraboo, Wis., and there the remainder of xviii Record of Portland and Vicinity” his life was spent. Thomas Clark was born in Indiana, and in time followed the family fortunes to Illinois and Wisconsin. In 1863

240 he removed with his own family to Golden commissioned second lieutenant of his City, Colo., where he farmed at the foot of company, and was afterward promoted to Table Mountain until coming to Oregon in the position of quartermaster and first 1877. The journey hence was via the lieutenant of the regiment, serving thus until overland trail, and was accomplished with the close of hostilities. horse teams and wagons, the travelers Following his military services Mr. Clark halting at a farm on Hood river, in Wasco engaged in farming on the paternal farm County, where Mr. Clark died, at the age of near Baraboo, Wis., and in 1869 removed to eighty-one years. His wife, who was born in Dakota as a government surveyor, where for Ohio, was a daughter of Henry Saddoris, an seven years he was engaged in running early resident of McHenry County, Ill. Mrs. township and section lines over the greater Clark, who lives with her son Newton, her part of the territory now called North and only child, still retains her bright faculties, South Dakota. He had his own corps of and takes a great interest in the career of her assistants, and while surveying also son. managed to engage in farming with consid- After completing his training in the public erable profit. He was identified with many schools of Baraboo, Wis., Newton Clark of the pioneer undertakings in the great graduated from Bronson Institute at Point Dakotas, and among other things to his Bluff, and thereafter taught school for a credit built the first frame house in couple of years. This peaceful occupation Minnehaha county, now in South Dakota, was interrupted by the demand for his and which was located two and a half miles services in the Civil war, and he was from Sioux Falls, but now adjoins the city mustered into Company K, Fourteenth limits. Mr. Clark served for one term in the Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, at Fond du territorial legislature which met at Yankton Lac, in September, 1861. This well-known in 1873, and he was chairman of the county regiment participated in the battles of commissioners of Minnehaha county for Shiloh, Corinth, Iuka, Holly Springs, three years. Clark county, S. D., was named Champion Hill, the siege of Vicksburg (at in honor of Mr. Clark, which place Mr. Clark veteranized), the Red In 1877 Mr. Clark joined his father at Fort River expedition under General Banks, Laramie and with him came overland to Sabine Cross Roads, Yellow Bayou, the Oregon, the journey taking from the middle siege and battle of Mobile, and the battle at of June until the 1st of September, from the Fort Blakely and Spanish Fort. Having Fort to Hood River, Oregon. Here Mr. charge of the headquarter's train of Maj.- Clark bought one hundred and sixty acres of Gen. I. B. McPherson, who commanded the school land, combining farming with Seventeenth Army Corps at the siege of surveying, and eventually was employed by Vicksburg, he had the Pleasure of furnishing the government to survey section and the United States flag which was floated township lines in Oregon and Washington. from the cupola of the courthouse in the This occupation proved a hazardous one, capitulated citadel on the morning of its and during the seven years spent mostly in surrender upon that memorable Fourth of the Cascade mountains, he was often July. After the capture of Mobile Mr. Clark obliged to carry his food on horseback, and was placed on guard duty at Montgomery, when the exceeding roughness of the roads Ala., and was thus employed until his made this impossible he had to carry it on mustering out at Mobile in the fall of 1863. his back. This life gave him an intimate At Corinth he was promoted and knowledge of the Cascade Mountains and he

241 was a member of the first party of white men to visit the interesting Lost Lake lying From: “History of Early Pioneer Families northwest of Mt. Hood. The great glacier of Hood River Oregon,”xix 1914. lying on the eastern slope of Mt. Hood, At the request of the Historian of the known as the Newton Clark Glacier, bears "Hood River Pioneer Association" I am his name. writing the "short but simple annals of the In April 1889. Mr. Clark was appointed to poor." his present high office of grand recorder of I was born May 27, 1838, in the state of the Grand Lodge of the Ancient Order of Illinois. Parents removed to Bareboo, United Workmen of the state of Oregon, and Wisconsin in 1840, where I grew to soon afterward took up his permanent residence in Portland. He still owns the Hood River farm, which, however, is rented to other parties. In Baraboo, Wis., Mr. Clark married Mary Ann Hill. a native of Edinburg, Scotland, and who was reared in Wisconsin, a daughter of William Hill, who served in a Wisconsin regiment during the Civil war. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Clark, of whom Lewis is a civil engineer in Portland; Grace, Mrs. Dwinnell, resides in Baraboo, Wis.; and Jeanette is assistant recorder to her father. Mr. Clark became identified with the Ancient Order of United Workmen in 1881, in which year he became a member of Riverside Lodge No. 68 at Hood River, and still retains said membership. He served as master workman, and was an active member of the Grand Lodge previous to his present appointment. He served as representative to Supreme Lodge at Sioux Falls with the degree of honor. In Masonic circles he is also well known, and is still a member of the Minnehaha Lodge No. 5, of Sioux Falls. As a member of the Grand Army of the Republic he is identified with Canby Post No. 67, of Hood River, of which he is past Figure 35. Newton Clark with G. A. R. medallion. commander, and ex-aide on the department staff. A stanch Republican, he has never interested himself in political undertakings manhood. October 14, 1860, I married further than to cast his vote. Mr. Clark is a Mary Hill, a bonnie Scotch-English lassie member of the Commercial Club, and his born on the Clyde in Scotland, and younger wife is a member of the Presbyterian by one month, than myself. Church. Four children have been given us, of whom, William Lewis and Jeanette (now

242 Brezelton) are still living, the former in July 4, 1863, siege and capture of Hood River, the latter in Portland. Vicksburg. Bank's Red River Expedition Three years ago we celebrated our Golden March 11 to May 20, 1864. Battle of Wedding Anniversary, and although all our Yellow Bayou - May 19, 1864; Battle of days are golden, we are patiently waiting Tupelo - July 14, 1864; Battle of Nashville - another with the diamonds. Dec. 15-16, 1844; Siege and capture of September 27, 1861, I enlisted in Mobile - March 27 to April 9, 1865. Being Company K, Fourteenth Regiment of on detached service part of the time, saw Wisconsin Volunteers Infantry for the Civil several battles in which the Regiment was War, as private. August 28, 1862, I was not engaged. commissioned as Second Lieutenant. April In 1869 went to Dakota Territory and 12, 1863, was detailed by order of Major- located at Sioux Falls. In 1877 came to General J. B. McPherson, as acting Assistant Oregon, settling at Hood river the first week Quartermaster to take charge of the in September of that year. Jan. 1, 1914 - am Headquarters train of the Seventeenth Army at Hood River yet. Corps, then about to engage in the Mr. Clark has given us an accurate Vicksburg campaign. account of his work up to the close of the July 4, 1863 I had the honor of furnishing Civil War, but would add nothing more; the U. S. flag which was floated from the knowing that his friends and neighbors want cupola of the Vicksburg Courthouse when his later work recorded, I have endeavored the army took possession of that building to supply the omission, yet realizing that it November 15, 1863, was commissioned would be far more interesting and acceptable as First Lieutenant and Regimental if given in his own words. Quartermaster. December 11, 1863, re- After enlisting in 1861, Mr. Clark took his enlisted at Vicksburg, Miss., for three years, wife and baby girl back to her old home in or during the war. October 9, 1865, was Wisconsin, that she might have her mother's mustered out of the service at Mobile, Ala., protection in his absence. and Regiment returned to Madison, Before telling his wife goodbye he said to Wisconsin, where it disbanded. her: "If I never come back remember that Length of time in service - a little more you have our little Minnie to live for, work than four years. Battles engaged - Battle of for her and she will be a comfort to you." Shiloh, April 6-7, 1862; Battle of Luka, Long, lonely days and nights followed his Sept. 19, 1662; Battle of Corinth, Oct. 3-4, going, but the mother was comforted with 1862. his last words and rejoiced that their baby Being in command of an outpost on the was safe. Little do we realize what is before Chewalla Road, brought on the great battle us. A sudden sickness and little Minnie was by the first shots at daylight on the third. In called to her Eternal Home. It was hard for this battle the Company which had been the mother, it was hard for the soldier at the greatly reduced by disease and death, went front, but grief has its and makes into line with twenty nine men and at the better and truer human hearts. close of the battle had only seven remaining, In the fall of 1865 Mr. Clark returned of which I was one. from the war. In 1869 they moved to Sioux Battle of Port Gibson, Miss. - May 1, Falls, Dakota Territory. He built the first 1863; Battle of Raymond - May 12, 1863; frame house in Sioux City, later served as Battle of Jackson - May 14, 1863; Battle of City Superintendent of Schools, also as Champion Hills - May 16, 1863. May 19 to County Commissioner and member of the

243 territorial legislature. Clark County in South and cut a trail to it, that others might follow Dakota was named in his honor. in their footsteps. Mr. Clark's parents had moved to Mr. Clark was a charter member of the Colorado and he went there to visit them, Hood River local lodge of A.O.U.W. and in and in the summer of 1877 drove with them 1888 was elected Grand Recorder for that from Colorado to Hood River, Oregon,- organization, a position which he held for arriving in Hood River about the first of twenty years. September. They selected adjoining tracts of While filling this office his residence was land. in Portland. Resigning his work 1909 he Early in the year 1878 Mrs. Clark and her returned to Hood River and erected a three children came to their new home in substantial dwelling on the hill overlooking Hood River. That summer a new school the town; here they led a quiet life for house was built one half mile west of their several years. home, it was a commodious building for When the war called away the younger those days and severely taxed the resources men he returned to Portland taking his place of the community. In recognition of Dr. again in the working ranks at the desk of the Barrett's work it was named the Barrett Grand Recorder, and here the angel of School. Newton Clark was one of the Death" found him, doing his bit" for his directors. The school flourished from the country. He had reached the age of eighty first, and in addition the building became a years and one month, but time had dealt center for neighborhood activities in which kindly with him and he never appeared old. Mr. Clark's Family played a conspicuous His death occurred June 27, 1918. Mr. part. Spelling bees, Farmers Clubs, Clark was a member of the Masonic Lodge Debating Societies and Church and Canby Post of G.A.R. These organizations had this spot for a starting organizations participated at his funeral. place. Mrs. Clark was ill in Portland and unable to In the capacity of School Director Mr. attend. Clark rendered good service, all his dealings One month later she came to Hood River were characterized by wisdom and fairness. with her daughter; she was feeling unusually His children were regular attendants at the well and took an automobile ride in the school and their intelligent work and willing evening. When her daughter went to call co-operation helped to make the work a her in the morning, she found that her pleasure to the teacher and a pride to the mother had passed away in her sleep without community. pain or sickness she had joined her husband A. surveyor is a necessity in a new in that land where partings are no more. country and in this field Mr. Clark served his country well; he was not only the busiest man but the most sought after, by the new settler, having established more section lines Henry De Lorme than any other surveyor in this county. A glacier on Mt. Hood bears his name Cock (1832-1895) commemorating his activities in that locality. He was one of the party that re- From: As Submitted to Ancestry.com by discovered the beautiful lake that was lost in Zane Motteler. the wilds of Mt. Hood's forests. They gave it the name of ''Lost", located it on the map,

244 "Henry Cock was of age when the Cock was so good to us, throwing many a pleasant family crossed the Plains, and drove one of time our way.' Here her hostess was his father's three ox teams. He was married evidently Mrs. Cock the elder, while the in Olympia June 30, 1859 to Maria D. Hall. 'young wife of Colonel Cock' must have He took a claim in Thurston County, not far been Mrs. Henry Cock." "Henry Cock, from Grand Mound, and appears to have eldest son of Colonel Cock, lived in Seattle raised and traded in cattle. According to for some years, where his daughter Alice Captain C. S. Reinhart, his nephew, the (Mrs. H. K. Owens) and grandsons still sobriquet 'Colonel' was on occasion applied reside. His son Charles was married twice, to Henry as well as to his father, which has but had no children, to my knowledge. He led to some confusion in pioneer [Henry] led a wandering life and for long reminiscences. Thus, an incident related by periods his whereabouts would be unknown the elder George Wills, of Tumwater, and to members of the family, but he appeared in included in the Blankenship `Tillicum Portland and visited his sister, Mrs. Carrie Tales,' evidently refers to the son rather than Dunlap, a few years before his death." the father." She goes on to tell of a hard- Submitted by Zane Motteler contested race for the office of territorial delegate to Congress in 1867, between Frank Clark, of Tacoma, a Democrat, and Alvin Flanders, of Vancouver, a Republican. Alexander Lewis Flanders won the race, and the Republicans of Tumwater were overjoyed, and paraded Coffey (1831-1913) through the streets of Olympia and Tumwater, giving three cheers at each Whig house, and three groans at each Democrat From: Vancouver Weekly Columbian house. On the way home, they arrived at the 14 Aug 1913xx home of "Colonel Cock," the democrat. She then quotes from "Tillicum Tales": "Colonel Cock had just returned from a Birth :Mar. 15, 1831 trip east of the mountains, where he had Boonville, Cooper County been buying cattle. He had not alighted Missouri, USA from his horse when the boys came up. He Death: Aug. 8, 1913 was a very excitable man, and when it was Vancouver, Clark County told that the Whigs had won, he simply went Washington, USA wild. Jumping from his horse in the middle of the road, he threw his hat down and PIONEER VETERAN SUCCUMBS stamped it into the mud." To quote from Aunt Mildred again: Alexander Lewis Coffey, Indian War "Similarly Helen Hays Parker (Mrs. Juhn veteran, pioneer resident of the county for G. Parker, afterward the mother of Mrs. 61 years, died at St. Joseph's hospital Herbert McMicken) in `Tillicum Tales' is yesterday afternoon after an illness of two quoted as speaking of the 'young wife of weeks duration. Mr. Coffey crossed the Colonel Cock' as 'one of her warmest plains with his parents in 1852 and located friends', declaring: 'We girls ' (meaning that year in Clarke County. He was born in herself and Sarah Yantis) 'used to go in and Cooper County, Missouri, Mar. 18, 1831. stay all night at the hotel, and Mrs. Cock

245 His life is closely related with the early spent much of his life in pursuit of this history of Clarke County. He was an Indian profession. He was unmarried and lived at War veteran and took active part in many Camas for many years. He passed away on battles of frontier days. In 1872 he was August 8, 1913, and was buried in the Fern elected sheriff of Clarke County. He was a Prairie Cemetery, Clark County, civil engineer and spent much of his life in Washington the pursuit of this profession. For a number of years he has made his home at Camas. From: “An Illustrated History of Mr. Coffey is survived by one brother, T. Umatilla County”xxii, 1902 M. Coffey of Washougal and one sister, Mrs. M. L. Abbott of Mill Plain. A. L. Coffey, C. E. The funeral services will be held tomorrow (Sunday) at 11 o'clock at Oak The scenes and incidents of the life of the Grove farm near Fern Prairie. Interment will man now under consideration are well worth be made in Oak Grove cemetery. (Oak a more extended detail than we are now Grove Cemetery is now Fern Prairie enable to give them. It would be gratifying Cemetery). to all old-timers, and the generations to follow as well, if Mr. Coffey could be Burial: persuaded to write out in detail some, at Fern Prairie Cemetery least, of the items in his eventful career. We Camas (Clark County) sincerely hope that such will be the case. Washington, USA However, we will as well as possible, Plot: Sec: 0 Blk.: 11 Grave: VVP outline the matters as they were briefly given to us. From: “Clark County Pioneers, A He was born in Boonville, Missouri, in Centennial Salute”xxi, 1989 1831, and attended the public schools of his native town, completing his education in a Twin brother of Terrel M. Coffey, private institution. It was as early as 1852 Alexander L. Coffey was born on March 15, that he came to Vancouver, Washington, 1831, at Boonsville, Missouri. He came making the trip by ox team, as was west with his family in 1852 and settled near customary in those days. His first Fern Prairie. During the Indian Wars of impression of Vancouver was associated 1855/56, he served under Captain William with the British flag, which was flying over Strong in Company "A," First Regiment of it at that time. The great fur companies were Washington Volunteers, and later under then holding tyrannical sway over great Captain Hamilton J. G. Maxon in the portions of our territory. He was occupied Second Regiment of "Washington Mounted at sawmilling and various other enterprises Rifles." He is described in the military until 1855, when the Indian war broke out records of 1856 as: age 25 years, 5' 11" tall, and he enlisted in Company A, Washington blue eyes, black hair, dark complexion, born Territory Volunteers, called Mounted Rifles. in Missouri and occupation farmer. He was stationed at The Dalles continuously Alexander registered his cattle mark, a until January, 1856, when they were square crop off and a slit in both ears, with disbanded. They re-enlisted in the service the County Clerk. and were immediately called to the Sound. In 1872 Alexander was elected sheriff of About eight miles from Olympia, the Clark County. He was a civil engineer and savages had massacred several pioneers and

246 enjoyed, they were met with summary and most terrible judgment. The men in that volunteer company knew their business and followed this victory with such relentless sterness that they drove the noted Lashi clear out of the Sound country. He then joined the Umatillas and the Cayuses, but his enemies were on his track and retribution was not to be so easily evaded. He was overtaken in the and he and his colleagues with all their bands were routed after most severe fighting. Mr. Coffey returned to Walla Walla and went with Lieutenant Mullen upon the construction of the famous Mullen road through parts of Washington, Idaho and Montana. By some misfortune they lost all their stock and had to freight all their equipage on hand sleds from November until January. To anyone who has been over the old Mullen road and toiled up and down its steep and rocky hills and this will almost seem beyond the power of man. But such was the case, and one may well Figure 36. Tombstone of Alexander Lewis. Coffey meditate with what hardships that way for in the Fern Prairie Cemetery, Camas, WA. the immigrant was opened up. Upon the completion of this enterprise he was were in the way to make much more trouble. discharged and went back to Vancouver. While this company was proceeding to the The next spring he returned to Walla scene of tragedy they had frequent Walla and worked for the quartermaster skirmishes with the reds, and at one time until 1862, when he went up to the mines at they killed several and captured thirty; from Florence, Idaho. Returning from these, he these they were able, by keen and careful went and helped to establish Boise, Idaho, methods, to ascertain the whereabouts of the and then returned to Vancouver. Here he main camp. Being a company of was elected assessor and then sheriff for westerners, they were enabled to use the four years. He then came to this county and Indian tactics and succeeded in surrounding was county surveyor for two years. this camp without giving the slightest notice After this he went to Adams County, of their presence. The surprise was Washington, where he was surveyor. In this complete and every Indian in the camp was county he was employed by Dr. Blalock to killed. Not one escaped to tell to his construct an irrigating ditch. In November comrades of the other tribes that day's from of 1896 he removed to Pendleton, and has unwary and unsuspecting settlers, still since resided there. He is quite an extensive hanging to their hideous persons, in the land owner, having a farm of five hundred midst of their fiendish glee, with their acres, which he rents, and also a half section devilish triumph of the days before only half

247 down the Umatilla River, which is used for Concord, N. H., where he prepared for pasture. college in the public schools and under the tutorship of Moses Wilson. He entered the sophomore class of the University, Aug. 29, 1878 and graduated B. S. in C. E. in 1881; was a corporal and first sergeant in the corps of cadets; member of the A. S P. Fraternity. Frank Winslow He was assistant engineer on the Texas Pacific R. R., for General Dodge, '51, on Conn (1860-….) construction work in Texas and during 1881-82; was division From: Norwich University, 1819- engineer on the Deming, Silver City & 1911. Pacific R. R., 1882-83; was assistant engineer on construction work for the CLASS OF 1881. Mexican Central R. R., 1883-85. In this last FRANK WINSLOW CONN, C. E. year, he went to Guatemala, arriving there in the midst of a revolution and on the day rank W. Conn, son of Dr. Granville P. President Barrios was killed. This FConn, '54 and Helen Mary (Sprague) revolution stopped all railroad construction Conn, was born in East Randolph, Vt., April and, for some time, he was variously 27, 1860. In 1866, his parents removed to employed. Upon the restoration of order in the country, he entered the employ of the Guatemala Central R. R. He was soon promoted chief engineer and held the position until 1888, when he left the country for Hamburg, Germany, to enter the employ of a company which was to construct a railroad in the valley of the Congo River in Africa. Upon arriving in Germany, he found the company was unable to carry out its project in Africa; and he soon returned to his home in New Hampshire. During 1888-89, he was employed by the Montpelier & Wells River R. R., on the location and construction of the "switch backs" to the granite quarries in Barre, Vt.; also on preliminary surveys for a railroad from Warren, N. H., to the top of Mt. Mossilauke. He was superintendent of railway construction for the Chilian government, 1889-91; was engaged in irrigation and mining work with headquarters in Walla Walla and Portland, Oregon, 1891-05. In this last year, he went Figure 37, Frank Winslow Conn. to Costa Rica, as chief engineer and superintendent for a 'company, having large

248 real estate and mining interests in that which he continued to operate up to the time country. In 1903, he returned to the United of his death in 1884. States and became chief engineer for the A. B. Cowles was educated in the Grand Transit Finance Co. of New York and Rapids high school and took a business Philadelphia, retaining this position until course in Bryant & Stratton's commercial 1907. During 1908-09, he was engaged in college at Chicago. With the breaking out examining mines and timber lands in of the war in 1861, He, with his father and Mexico and Central America. Since 1909, brother, T. Z. Cowles, enlisted in the Second he has been engaged as a consulting Minnesota Regiment, and all were assigned engineer at Portland, Oregon. He is a to the regimental band. The regiment served member of the American Society of Civil in the Western Department, under General Engineers. George H. Thomas, their first battle being at He was married March 6, 1890, to Minnie Mill Springs, Kentucky. In April, 1862, Augusta Miller of Nevada City, California. after the battle of Pittsburg Landing, all regimental bands were mustered out by order of General Buell, and Mr. Cowles and sons returned home. The subject of our Augustus Bradley sketch was then appointed Deputy Postmaster at Rochester, and continued as Cowles (1842-1908) such till the fall of 1863, when he went to Chattanooga and was in the Post From: “An Illustrated History of the State of i Quartermaster's Department, being there Washington,” 1893. during the battle of Mission Ridge. January B. Cowles, of Olympia, Washington, 1, 1864, he went to Bowling Green, Awas born in Bellona, Yates County, Kentucky, into an office of a similar New York, in December, 1842. His department, and in December, 1864, he went ancestry came from the north of England. to the field at Nashville, Tennessee to the John Cowles, the first representative of the headquarters of the First Division, Sixteenth family in America, emigrated to the New Army Corps, General A. J. Smith in World about 1630, and settled in command. After the battle of Nashville the Connecticut. From him have descended army went up the Tennessee River to men who attained prominence in the Eastport, Mississippi, and in January, 1865, professions of law, medicine and the to New Orleans; thence to Mobile Bay, ministry. where he was stationed during the capture of The father of our subject, Zalmon J. Spanish Fort and Mobile. In April, 1865, Cowles, was born in born in Connecticut the command moved to Selma, , and learned the trade of cabinetmaker. He and Mr. Cowles continued in the was married in Geneva, New York, to Miss Commissary Department till January, 1866. Sarah Huber, a native of Pennsylvania and He was married at Selma, Alabama, May of German descent. They resided in Bellona 5, 1866, to Miss Kate, daughter of James D. till 1855, when they moved to Grand Monk, a prominent planter and wholesale Rapids, Michigan. There Mr. Cowles grocer of that city. Mr. Cowles and wife purchased a sawmill and engaged in the returned to Rochester, Minnesota. He manufacture of shingles and lumber. In engaged in the furniture business with his 1857 he removed to Rochester, Minnesota, father until December, 1869, when he went and established a furniture manufactory, to Chicago and accepted the appointment of

249 Deputy Recorder of Cook County. In June, a wife, his sons Harry and Todd, Mrs., C. E. 1873, he came to Olympia with Captain Claypool and Miss Helen, all of whom were William McMicken, Surveyor General of present at his death. Harry resides in Washington Territory, as chief clerk, and Tacoma, and Todd and Mrs. Claypool at continued in that position up to the Dawson, Alaska. Cleveland administration, being with Augustus B. Cowles was born in Bellona, General McMicken, then serving under J. C. Yates County, New York, in December, Breckinridge until 1887, when he resigned. 1842. With his father and brother, he took He then filled the office of Deputy County an active part in the Civil War, from its Auditor till August, 1889, when he again commencement in 1861 to its finish in 1866. entered the office of the Surveyor General The funeral services were held Tuesday under T. H. Cavanaugh, continuing with him afternoon, at the family residence, Bishop and his successor, Amos F. Shaw, to the Keator, of the Episcopal Church, officiating, present date. assisted by the Masonic fraternity, of which Mr. and Mrs. Cowles have four children: deceased had been an honored member. Annie, Harry D., Helen A. and J. Tod. Annie is the wife of Colonel Charles E. Claypool, a prominent attorney of Tacoma. During the sessions of the last Territorial Crawford, Peter W. Legislature of Washington, Mr. Cowles was elected Clerk of the Council. He is a (1822-1889) prominent Mason, is Past High Priest of Olympia Royal Arch Chapter, No. 7, and was a charter member of the Olympia From "History of Clarke County, xxiii Commandery, No. 7, Knights Templar, of Washington Territory, 1885”: which he was elected the first Recorder, and is still discharging the duties of that office. he subject of this sketch was born on He is Past Post Commander of George H. Tthe banks of the river Tweed, in the Thomas Post, No. 5, G. A. R. In every sense parish of Sprouston, Roxburghshire, he is a representative man of the city of Scotland, in the latter part of the year 1822, Olympia. but when young, removed to Edinburgh, where he received a good grounding in mathematics, under Professor Shairp, and From: “Obituary in the Washington the other branches of learning. He next Standard, , 1908.” proceeded to London for about three months and subsequently to Southampton, One of our older and most respected Hampshire, England where he completed his citizens, A. B. Cowles, died at his home on education. In 1843 he took passage from Washington Street, near Union, Sunday this place to in the ship Rainbow, evening, after an illness of several years, of Captain Arnold, commanding, but failing to cancer of the throat. His sufferings the past obtain employment in that city, removed to year were so intense that he resigned his Michigan to join his brother. Not finding position as Chief Clerk in the Surveyor him as he had anticipated he followed him to General's office, a place he had held since Indiana and after a short visit in that State 1873, except for six years during the took an appointment in Chicago. There he Cleveland administration. He is survived by remained until the spring of 1847 when he

250 Figure 38. Peter W. Crawford (from Rootsweb.com.)

Figure 39. Peter W. Crawford from a portrait hanging on the wall of the Cowlitz County Museum. started to cross the plains to Oregon, leaving section having been recommended to Mr. Valparaiso, Indiana, in company with Crawfbrd by Rev. Dr. Marcus Whitman, George Cline and family on the twelfth day December 12, 1847, and on the bank of that of April of that year. He arrived at The stream our subject and West located Dalles after the usual adventures of the long adjoining claims and duly recorded them in and perilous journey, October 12, 1817, at the office of Recorder McGruder in Oregon 8witzler'a Landing, opposite Vancouver, City, December 25, 1847. Mr. Crawford November 26, 1847, and paid his first visit now made his home on Sauvie's Island with to the Hudson Bay Company's fort there on James Logie, and from there came, at the the following day. At this .juncture Mr. invitation of Henry Williamson, and made Crawford was detailed to return to the the first survey for a town site at Vancouver, Cascades to drive down the loose cattle, and the whole proceedings of which are fully having crossed these on the ferry of Thomas described on a previous page of this work. Carter to the mouth of the , he During the remainder of the summer of 1848 traveled over the trail and through the woods he traveled extensively through the to Portland, having bade farewell to his co- Willamette valley with ox-teams, and that voyagers December 18, 1847. fall and the early spring of 1849 assisted in Returning shortly afterwards to the management of the first bakery in Vancouver he met James O. Rayner and E. Portland, his associate being a London baker West, the last of whom owned a skiff, and at named Williams, while their principal his invitation, these two accompanied him in manufacture was "sea-biscuit" for sale at the the boat in search of land whereon to locate. mines. They proceeded to the Cowlitz River, that

251 February 26, 1849, he came to Vancouver, a dwelling which was destroyed by fire in obtained supplies from the store of the 1851 and subsequently built another through Hudson Bay Company, took passage in the the middle of which the line of the Northern Pacific Railroad was run. In 1850 he was engaged in laying out the town of Milwaukee, additions to Oregon City, platting the town of Milton, St. Helens, Monticello, and a town for Captain Drew at the Lower Cascades. Besides these he laid out all of the old Donation Claims on Sauvie's Island, and was employed by Surveyor General Gardiner of Oregon to make final survey of the same in the fall of 1854 and winter of 1855. Mr. Crawford was elected the first County Surveyor for Cowlitz county, and besides serving as Justice of the Peace and other subordinate offices, has held the position of United States Deputy Surveyor. In 1883 lie was elected Surveyor of the city of Vancouver, and in 1884, County Surveyor of Clarke county. Married July 30, 1850, Zillah, F daughter of the late Hon. Ira Patterson, and has a surviving family of four children, viz: Figure 40. Bronze bust of Peter W. Crawford in the Cowlitz County Museum. William P., Martha Rosabelle, Edward G. and Orion J. ship Undine for California, anchored seventeen days in. Baker's Bay, finally Harvey D. Crumly crossed the bar and made the passage thence to the Golden Gate in seventy-two hours. (1868-1960) On arrival at San Francisco Mr. Crawford proceeded to the southern mines and engaged in mining operations till September From: “Progressive Men of Western 6, 1849, and on the twelfth, sailed in the Colorado”xxiv 1905. Toulon, Richard Hoyt, Master, for the Columbia river, arriving, after a voyage of he offspring of Quaker parents, and thirty-four days. Tbred in the lessons impressively He now came to his claim on the Cowlitz, inculcated by the members of that faith, October, 1849, and resided there Rev. Harvey D. Crumly, of Mesa county, continuously until 1881 when he removed living on a good ranch six miles northwest his faintly to Vancouver. Mr. Crawford of Grand Junction, has exemplified in his made final and permanent settlement on his life the principles of peaceful industry, fair Cowlitz claim in the spring of 1850, planting dealing and considerate interest in the an orchard of one hundred apple trees and welfare of mankind which distinguish the making improvements generally. He erected

252 sect. He was born in Jefferson County. exception of that year, he has resided on his Iowa, near the village of Pleasant Plain, on ranch ever since purchasing it. February 2, 1868, and is the son of Isaac H. But his interest in the church has never and Rachel (Beals) Crumly, natives of waned, and he has devoted his energies to its eastern Tennessee, where they were reared welfare in the section of his present home, and educated. From there they accompanied helping to organize a mission of the Friends their parents, respectively, to Jasper county, at Pomona schoolhouse, of which he is now Iowa, and there, soon after reaching years of pastor. His ranch is devoted principally to maturity, they were married. In a short time fruit. He has eighteen acres of apple and after their marriage they settled on a farm in trees, nearly all in good bearing order, Jefferson County, that state, where the father and a considerable space in strawberries. died in 1896. The mother is still living there His business is prosperous and its returns are on the old homestead. The father was held commensurate with his efforts and in high esteem in the county and was chosen intelligence in conducting it. to administer some of its official duties from On August 5, 1897, he was united in time to time, serving as county surveyor for marriage with Miss Folger, a native of twelve years. He had been previously Illinois, but reared and educated in Kansas. married and had four children by the first She is the daughter of the Rev. Thomas and union. Josephine (Cutler) Folger, natives of Illinois, Of the second marriage there were seven the father being a minister in the Friends children, six of whom are living, the Rev. church. They reside near Carthage, Harvey being the fifth born. He was reared Missouri. Mr. and Mrs. Crumly have one in his native county and attended the public son, Lorenzo T., now five years old. In schools there, afterward taking a course at politics Mr. Crumly is independent, a the Pleasant Plain Academy, being Prohibitionist in principles. He and his wife graduated there in 1890. He then entered have passed many of their winters in Penn College at Oskaloosa, from which he evangelistic work, devoting their summers was graduated in 1895. to their ranch, on which they have recently For three years thereafter he was principal completed and now occupy a comfortable of the Haviland (Kansas) Academy, and to and convenient residence. the duties of this position he brought the wisdom gained in teaching two years previously during the vacations in Iowa. In October, 1898, he came to Colorado and Walter Washington located in Mesa county where he taught school two years. He then bought the farm DeLacy (1819-1892) of thirty-one acres on which he now lives, making the purchase in December, 1898. Two years before, in the fall of 1896, he had From: “Contributions to the Historical been ordained minister in the Friends Society of Montana 2”xxv, 1896. church, and in 1903 he served the church at Glenwood, Iowa, as its pastor. With the

253 Since civil engineering was the career he W wished to follow, deLacy's uncle obtained for him an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, but that schooling was denied him through official chicanery. The wrong was soon righted personally by Professor Dennis Hart Mahan, who felt a responsibility to the boy's family. He took Walter to West Point for tutoring by himself and other officers, thus providing him with what was undoubtedly the finest education in civil and military engineering available in that day. In the year 1839, while deLacy was working as a railroad surveyor, he was called to Washington to take an examination for a commission in the regular army. With the rank of lieutenant, the young man became an assistant instructor in French at the Military Academy, but he soon resigned that position to take a similar one with the U.S Navy. Future officers were then Figure 41, Walter Washington DeLacy in Montana. schooled at sea and deLacy taught languages to midshipmen aboard ships until 1846. Returning to his true interest, engineering, ALTER WASHINGTON DELACY. Born deLacy was employed by a group of wealthy in Petersburg, Va., Feb. 22, 1819; died in men to search for abandoned Spanish silver Helena, Mont., May 13, 1892. Leader of a mines, and he was in the Southwest when party of prospectors who passed through the war began with Mexico. He took a brave southwest corner of the Yellowstone region part in that conflict, gaining a captaincy, and in 1863, and compiler—with David E. during the years immediately following he Folsom—of the first map (deLacy's 1870 was employed in the West on a number of edition) to show most of the prominent Government projects, a survey for a railroad features with reasonable accuracy. across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the He was the son of William and Eliza survey of the 32d parallel from , deLacy of Norfolk, Va. They came of a Calif , to San Antonio, Tex., and noble Irish family that had declined on these hydrographic surveys on Puget Sound. shores, and young Walter lost both parents The latter work put deLacy in position to while yet a boy. His upbringing was left to play a very important role in the Indian war a pair of maiden aunts and a bachelor uncle, of 1856 in the struggling new Territory of who did well by him. In fact, his uncle even Washington. Governor Isaac I. Stevens moved to Emmetsburg, Md., to be nearby made him engineer officer with while the young man attended Mount Saint responsibility for planning and constructing Mary's Catholic College (where he the blockhouses and forts that protected the specialized in mathematics and languages, settlements while the volunteer troops French, Portuguese. and Spanish).

254 campaigned in the Indian country east of the Loading a wagon train with Gallatin Valley Cascade Mountains. potatoes and flour for the famished garrison, Having proven himself as a military he pushed through with a handful of engineer, deLacy was given employment on volunteers—despite warnings that the Sioux a favorite project of Governor Stevens—the would gobble them up. construction of the Mullan Road. He was The remaining years of deLacy's life were the man who set the grade stakes for the occupied with surveying and civil crews, and, at the eastern terminus, he later engineering. He fixed the initial point and laid out the town of Fort Benton at the head laid out the base line for the public land of navigation on the Missouri River. surveys of Montana, prepared a map for the Apparently deLacy's experience in Northern Pacific Railroad that greatly Mexico gave him faith in the mineral influenced the choice of a route through the possibilities of Idaho and Montana. He territory, and accomplished a perilous followed the succession of stampedes that survey of the Salmon River. He was later opened up the northern Rocky Mountains, city engineer for Helena, Mont., and an and it was a prospecting tour in 1863, “with employee in the office of the Surveyor a party he called the 40 thieves" that took General there. He worked to within a few him across the southwestern corner of the weeks of his death. present Yellowstone Park. There he saw Lake and the Lower Geyser Basin, but failure to publish his discoveries adequately prevented his getting the credit Phillip Garrett his exploration merited. But there was a valuable result. In 1864 Eastwick, Sr. (1838- the first Territorial Legislature of Montana commissioned deLacy to prepare an official 1905) map to be used in establishing the counties, and his map, published in 1865, showed just enough of the Yellowstone region to whet From: “David D. Clarke, Narratives of a the interest of Montanans (on it was the lake Surveyor and Engineer in the Pacific and the falls of the Yellowstone River, with Northwest.”xxvi a "hot spring valley" at the head of the Madison River). The map was periodically hilip G. Eastwick who was Office improved during the 24 years it was in print, PAssistant, was a Civil Engineer of long and a copy of the 1870 edition—complete experience who had been in the employ of with the route of the Folsom party of the the N. P. RR. Co. for several years, locating previous year, and extensively corrected to lines in the interior. In later years he entered accord with their observations—was carried the Govt. service and for years was stationed by the Washburn party of 1870. at Portland as Civilian Assistant, U. S. In Montana's Sioux War of 1867, deLacy Engineer Department. He died in Panama assumed a familiar role when he was about eight yearsxxvii ago whither he had appointed colonel of engineers for the gone to visit his son, Major Eastwick, who Territorial Volunteers. In that conflict he was agent for the International Banking Co. displayed his usual quiet bravery by going to at that point. the relief of Federal troops beleaguered at Fort C. F. Smith on the .

255 416 for a portion of T5N R3E were awarded on May 27 and 29, 1893 to Elwell. Webster surveyed his township to the William Elijah south of Elwell’s in 1894, and was authorized for payment by the Washington Elwell (1866-1930+) Surveyor General in December 1894. However, the commissioner ordered an inspection of the work by T. R. Hinsdale, By Jerry Olson detailed examiner, in May 1895, and that resulted in the entire survey by Webster William Elwell was born to Hiram and being rejected. He received the letter in Julia Elwell in Vigo, Indiana on February April, 1896 and resurveyed about 30 miles 27, 1866, the 4th of 8 children. By 1870 of line in July and August, 1896. He had they had moved to Decatur Illinois, and pledged his father’s farm for the bond to get there is no further record until March of the survey and appeared to have no choice 1892 when he was on a City of Vancouver but to comply. The survey was approved in survey crew with Robert Webster under 1897 and signed off January 21, 1898. Manford Lisher, City Surveyor. All three Elwell formed an agreement with Charles would eventually receive survey contracts A. Homan, an engineer assigned to the U. S. for the General Land Office. Army Engineers at , The U. S. Congress appropriated $64,000 where Elwell was to do the work, and on Aug 5, 1892 for surveying townships Homan was to at least finance part of it. inside and outside of railroad grant lands in Homan signed as surety and bonded twice Washington State. The U. S General Land the price of the contract, listing a house in Office had preceded this event in 1889 by Vancouver, one-half-interest in 80 acres in sending Major John B. Brockenbrough, Pioneer, and $500 of stock in the Vancouver accompanied by Deputy Surveyor William Building and Loan Co. as collateral. Lynn B. Mayre, to inspect the timber resources of Clough signed also with $10,000 of value in the Pacific Northwest. Following through, ten acres of improved prune land just the U. S. Surveyor General awarded 19 outside of Vancouver. The instructions said survey contracts, mostly west of the Elwell could use a compass needle on Cascades. This was at the time of the “Panic subdivision lines but not on township lines of 1893”, a severe recession, and most and to use the 1889 Manual of Instructions. contracts were small, going to surveyors Elwell spent the year of 1893 doing the inexperienced in government contracts. inspection surveys in Cowlitz and Lewis Somehow he arranged a contract with the Counties, reporting favorable results on all Washington Surveyor General in November instances. He inspected Levi Vickery, of 1892 under Special Instructions to do Charles Murray, Gilbert Ward and Elijah inspection surveys of GLO survey contracts Ward. A typical evaluation was:”After a in Washington. He inspected four Deputy careful examination of the work, I believe it Surveyors totaling ten townships in 1892 has been well done by a competent and 1893. surveyor.” In March of 1894 Elwell Contract 414 for T3N R4E was awarded requested an extension of the time for his on May 27, 1893 to Robert A. Webster, who contracts. Reasons included a late notice to was working for Clark County at the time. proceed, his inspection work, and two feet Contracts 415 for T4,5N R4E and Contract of snow on the jobsite. He surveyed T5N

256 R3E from April 12th to 28th and finished acquiesced as long as he was to get the same the other two townships by the end of 1894, money as Elwell, and that it was to be sent submitting his notes to Surveyor General to him. This was approved on August 18th Watson. Watson approved Contract 416 of by the Surveyor General. On August 24th T5N R3E, which had only about twenty the commissioner appointed Homan as miles of survey, and submitted it to the compassman to “assist” Elwell, and that the commissioner, who approved it in May of money was to be sent to Elwell. On August 1895. 29th Homan stopped work on the contract The rest of the work was inspected by and suspended the crew due to bad faith on Waller R. Staples, detailed clerk, in May the part of the commissioner. 1895. He found many errors, including a On January 25th, 1897 the Surveyor 2.85 (188 ft.) chain jog in the alignment of General asked what steps Elwell had taken the standard parallel at the standard corner to correct the survey, Homan replied that to sec 31 & 32 and a 4.53 chain (299 ft.) “he” had entered into an agreement with the error East and West also at that point. Surveyor General to correct these surveys In his report Staples states: “The deputy’s under his own contract, and that Elwell was corners as a rule are poorly established and no longer in the picture. Homan asks why his lines are very poorly blazed. The blazed the Surveyor General was still talking about lines bet. Secs. 31 & 32 intersects the line Homan “assisting” Elwell in finishing the bet. Secs. 29 & 32 about 3 chs. East of the survey. corner, and that between Secs. 32 & 33 Homan explained: “From August 19th to starts from the Standard Parallel about 1 28th, 1896, I spent in making an chain West of and across a brook from the examination of the work in the vicinity of the Standard cor. to these Sections. A further First Standard Parallel North through examination of this survey would have been townships 4 & 5 East. The country is made had not a forest fire visited my camp mountainous and covered with heavy timber, destroying bedding, clothing and provisions. underbrush and windfalls so that progress I attempted an examination of the line on true line was necessarily slow, but between Sections 30 & 31 but the fire was enough work was done to convince me that still raging in this locality and the danger any attempt at adjustment of the original from falling timber necessitated abandoning work would be labor lost. this line. That the survey has been The errors of alignment and distance carelessly executed and contains errors too are so great that in many cases original large to permit its acceptance is clearly corners were so far from true position that, indicated by this examination.” with the assistance of Mr. Elwell, I was This report resulted in supplemental unable to find them. special instructions to Elwell on March 28, 1896, almost a year later, to redo the survey Mr. Elwell trusted entirely to a very of T4,5N R4E. Elwell realized that he was indifferent compass needle for his not competent or financially able to correct alignment.. He admitted that to save time he the work, and asked the Surveyor General to established his section corners on latitudinal allow Homan to do the corrections. The lines entirely across the township, and that Surveyor General appointed Homan on July no attempt was made to adjust these lines. 29th as a compassman to “assist” Elwell in In my opinion the records of the surveys of making the corrections, and he agreed, to at Townships 4 & 5 North, Range 4 East, are least protect his interest as a surety. Homan entirely unreliable and worthless.”

257 Homan asked that the Surveyor General and to create government lots on the south correct this situation by naming him as a township line. Webster’s line had already Deputy Surveyor to act in his own capacity been approved. to redo the work surveyed by Elwell and to By August 8th of 1898, Homan had make payment to him exclusively when the finished the field work of the corrections work was finished. On February 16, 1897, and soon thereafter turned in his notes to the Surveyor General Watson issued Surveyor General supplemental special instructions naming Apparently the Surveyor General had Homan as a Deputy Surveyor, saying he will further special instructions for Homan for in be paid, subject to the approval of the May of 1899 he was again in the field, this commissioner, but still saying he will time to retrace the entire south boundary of “assist” Elwell. Also, all work will be done T4N R4E to document the deviations from by a solar instrument, and no compass the manual as surveyed by Webster. He needle will be allowed. This agreement was turned those notes in early in June, and approved by the commissioner on March Surveyor General McMicken approved the 5th. The instructions were amended on survey and sent Homan an accounting of the March 11th to state that the South boundary payments he would expect. Unfortunately of T4N R4E as surveyed by Webster is still he also told Homan that the commissioner “unaccepted” and that Homan was not would be sending the money to Elwell. authorized to survey T4N R4E until further D. W. Kinnaird, Detailed Examiner of instructions. Surveys, inspected his work in August 1899 Obviously Homan had his heels dug in and issued more Special Instructions. This and would not resume the resurvey until he time they found that Homan did not had an acceptable contract. On May 5th, the obliterate all the marks from the old corners, Surveyor General wrote Homan that he and his monuments for the corners were could have the contract in his own capacity inadequate. He was ordered to go back to and not be “assisting” Elwell. Homan the 140 miles of survey and replace most of agreed and reaffirmed that the money would the wooden posts with marked stones. go to him. Homan replaced 63 posts in November of The survey parties were organized and 1899, signed his work in December of 1899, from June 16 to September 19, 1897 the and received approval March 26, 1900. The First Standard Parallel and T5N R4E were contract amount was $2840 with the resurveyed by Homan. On July 31st contractor receiving the maximum special detailed examiner T. R. Hinsdale accepted rate of $20 per mile. In January he was still the North boundary of T3N R4E as surveyed protesting the proposed payment of money by Webster, and the on August 2nd the to Elwell. Surveyor General told Homan he could Another contract was awarded to Homan proceed with T4N R4E. On March 29th by the Surveyor General on March 3, 1901 1898 Homan wrote to the Surveyor General for three townships in Cowlitz County. In that the South boundary of Section 36, T4N January of 1901 he asked for an extension of R4E was off alignment by over one degree that contract as he explained: and that the East line of the township was “That owing to the uncertainty and risk long by almost 5 chains. Surveyor General caused much by the method of settlement of McMicken countered by directing Homan to my claim for the surveys of Townships 4 and create a sectional correction line on the 5 North, Range 4 East, W. M., executed by north line of the southerly tier of sections me as compassman under instructions from

258 your office, and the jeopardy in which the M. Price in 1910. Attended grammar compensation for this work was placed by schools of . the action of the Department for many Served apprenticeship in office of S. N. months, made it imperative for me to remain Keith, civil engineer, Providence, R. I.; in Vancouver to protect my interests and assistant in office of J. W. Ellis, also prevented the giving up of the situation Woonsocket, R. I., 1877-78; asst. in held by me under the U. S; Government, surveying dept. N. Y. & N. E. R. R., 1878- without the risk of serious loss and distress 80; asst. engineer for N. P. R. R. Co., 1880- to myself and family. That when settlement 83; engaged in general practice as civil was finally made, I was in duty bound to engineer in Montesano, Wash.; bridge and give my employers ample notice of my road engineer, Chehalis Co.; state engineer, intention to resign, and to remain in office Montesano, Wash.; state Land until a suitable person was found to take my Commissioner, 1883-94; engineering place. This delay, covering most of the field practice, 1894-96; U. S. public land survey, season of 1900, was unforeseen and Seattle, 1896; chief engineer Seattle and unavoidable on my part.” International R. R., 1897-99. It is unknown when Homan got his money Mine survey in Montezuma mining or if it was sent to Elwell. He had been paid district; U. S. Mineral Survey, 1899-1900; by January 1901, but he never proceeded engineer Sumpter Townsite Co.; city with the new work, and it was awarded to engineer, Sumpter, Ore.; U. S. Mining Edwin Sharp and Robert Omeg later as survey for Ore., 1900-02; managing contract 593. As an experienced bureaucrat engineer Archuleto Oil Co., Archuleto co., in the Army, Homan actually stood up to the Col., 1902-03; city engineer, Sumpter, Ore.; General Land Office better than most U. S. mine, survey, and engineer Snow Deputy Surveyors. Creek and Alamo Mining Co., 1903-04; There is no record of Elwell surveying survey Tonopah, Nev.; U. S. mining survey, again, and in 1905 he married his wife 1904-05; engaged in general mining survey Nellie Pauley in Kelso where he remained associated with Booker & Philbrick at for some time. He moved to Bremerton, Goldfield, Tonopah and Mattanhattan, Nev., WA where he was employed as a laborer in 1905-09; city engineer Goldfield, Nev.; the shipyard in 1920 and as a storekeeper in pres. Surprise Valley Power & Irrigation a dry goods store in 1930. Co., 1909- 10; engineer and vice-pres. Manhattan Consolidated Co.; and original Seven Troughs Mining Co., 1910 to date. Vice-pres. and engineer Carlyle Gold Charles H. Fenner Mining & Milling Co.; engineer Investors Land & Water Co.; and Malone Land & (1858-….) Water Co. Member American Institute of Mining Engr.; Knickerbocker Club. From: “Who’s Who in the , 1913.”xxviii

ENNER, Charles H. Mining engineer. Elisha Peyre Ferry FRes. 453 Hartford ave.; office, 619 Trust and Savings bldg., , Cal. (1825-1895) Born in Bristol, R. I., Sept. 29, 1858; son of Richard and Sophia Fenner. Married to Eva

259 From: “An Illustrated History of which time he removed to the Territory of Washington”i Washington. He brought with him an extended experience in public affairs, having ON. ELISHA P. FERRY. No star in been prominent in the State of Illinois. He Hconstellation of States shines with was the first Mayor of Waukegan, and in brighter effulgence than that of Washington, 1852 and 1856 was Presidential Elector for whose brilliancy is due to the concentrated the district in which he resided. He was a member of the constitutional convention in Illinois in 1861, and from that year to 1863 was Bank Commissioner in that State. During these years he was a member of Governor Yates' staff, as Assistant Adjutant- General, with the rank of Colonel, and assisted in organizing, equipping and sending into the field a large number of Illinois regiments. In 1869 he was appointed Surveyor-General of Washington Territory and in 1872 was appointed Governor of the Territory and re-appointed in 1876, all of which positions were conferred on him by President Grant. He served as Governor until November, 1880, when he removed to Seattle and became a member of the law firm of McNaught, Ferry, McNaught & Mitchell. In September, 1887, he retired from the practice of the law and entered the Puget Sound National Bank as vice-president. September 4, 1889, he was nominated by the Republican party for Figure 42. Elisha P. Ferry. (From State of Washington, Governor of the State, and on October 1 was portraits of Territorial Governors.) elected to that office, serving in that position with his usual probity and ability. glory of her most honorable citizens. The Governor has been a strong, Among those conspicuous for their services consistent Republican since the organization in her cause, no one is more justly deserving of the party and was a member of the first of notice than the gentleman whose name Republican convention held in the United heads this brief biography. States. Religiously, he is an active member This honored citizen was born in Monroe, of the Episcopal Church. In the various Michigan, August 9, 1825. His preliminary walks of public and private life he has been education was received in his native city, the same conscientious, able citizen: after which he studied law, both there and in On the day when he retired from the Fort Wayne, Indiana, and was admitted to office of Governor, January 11, 1893, the the bar in 1845, being then-but twenty years following appeared as an editorial in the of age. In 1846 he removed to Waukegan, Post-Intelligencer, the leading Republican Illinois, where he began practicing his paper in the State of Washington. profession, and of which place he was "THE RETIRING GOVERNOR" continuously a resident until July, 1869, at

260 "Governor Ferry will carry with him into private life the hearty respect, esteem and good wishes of the best men of the State, without distinction of party. Governor Ferry brought to the administration of his responsible office the ripe, well-garnered treasures of an upright life of energetic and varied experience. Born in Michigan, he was admitted to the bar at twenty years of age. For twenty-three years he practiced his profession in Waukegan, Illinois. During the war he rendered patriotic service upon the staff of Governor Yates, of Illinois. He came to Washington in 1869, was appointed Surveyor-General, and then Governor of the Territory by President Grant. He was eight years Territorial Governor, retiring in 1880 to resume the practice of his profession. In 1887 he became a banker, and in 1889 was elected the first Governor of the new State of Washington. "He was easily the best equipped man in the whole State for the position; he had been twenty years a resident of the Territory; his experience as Surveyor-General and Figure 43. Tombstone of Elisha P. Ferry in Lake Territorial Executive had made him familiar View Cemetery in Seattle. (From findagrave.com.)) with the natural resources of Washington and its most imperative wants. He brought to the administration of his office the technical professional knowledge of a sound lawyer, and a practical knowledge of finance and business. As a lawyer and a man of affairs he was admirably fitted for his position. "He has 'more than met the high expectations of his friends. His official term has included some trying experiences, but in every instance Governor Ferry has discharged his responsibilities with dignity, wisdom, tact, firmness, probity and Figure 44. Elisha P Ferry grave marker next to resolution. He retires to private life tombstone in Lake View Cemetery in Seattle. (From followed by the hearty plaudits of his fellow findagraave.com.) citizens of all parties, who tender him their best wishes for happiness and comfort From: during all the years that are before him." “harmonyfreemason.blogspot.com/2004/12/ harmony-lodge-18-history.html”

261 Brother Elisha P. Ferry was born in Monroe, Michigan, August 9, 1825, and Edward A. received his education in his native state. Studied law in Indiana and was admitted to Fitzhenry ( - ) the bar in 1845, being but twenty years of age. Moving to the state of Illinois he began the practice of his profession, was active in From: “Washington, West of the politics and a member of the first Cascades.”ii Republican National Convention. He rendered distinguished service on the staff of any years devoted to civil engineering Governor Yates, of Illinois, with the rank of Mhave well qualified Edward A. Fitz- Colonel during the war of the rebellion. In Henry to efficiently discharge the duties of 1869 he was appointed Surveyor General of the office which he now holds, namely- that the Territory of Washington and moved to of United States surveyor general for the Olympia to take charge of the duties of his state of Washington. He was born in office. He was one of the charter members Bloomington, Illinois, and is a son of Hiram of Harmony Lodge and was the first Senior and Elizabeth FitzHenry. He attended the Deacon. Was elected Senior Warden in public and high schools of his native city, 1872, Worshipful Master in 1873, 1874, graduating from the high school in 1886. 1875, and Junior Warden in 1876, Senior Subsequently he was for a year a student in Warden in 1877. Brother Ferry was elected the Illinois Wesleyan University at Grand Master of the Most Worshipful Grand Bloomington and then attended the State Lodge of the Territory of Washington in University at Urbana. Upon leaving college 1878 and also re-elected as Worshipful he secured a position with the engineering Master of Harmony Lodge, No. 18, for the department of the Lake Erie & Western same year. In 1872 he was appointed Railroad, but after remaining in that Governor of the Territory of Washington connection for two years came to Olympia, and reappointed in 1876. In 1880 he moved Washington, and entered the employ of the to Seattle and engaged in the practice of law, Union Pacific Railroad as surveyor. Six and later in the banking business, being months later he removed to Port Angeles, vice-president of the Puget Sound National Washington, where he engaged in civil Bank. On September 4, 1889, he was engineering. In 1892 he was elected county nominated for Governor of the newly surveyor and upon the expiration of his term created State of Washington. Removing in 1896 was appointed deputy county again to Olympia to assume his new duties, surveyor, serving until 1900. From 1904 Harmony Lodge, on December 11, 1889, re- until 1908 he was county clerk and from elected him as Worshipful Master. The 1908 until 1912 was county engineer. When election was confirmed but he was never not holding office he was connected with the installed. Brother Ferry was active in Grand engineering departments of various railroads Lodge work, serving in various offices and and also did some survey work for the committees as well as that of Grand Master. government. He did irrigation work in He retained his membership in Harmony various parts of the state and in engineering Lodge until his death, which occurred circles he gained recognition as one of the October 14, 1895. leading members of the profession. It is generally conceded that President Wilson acted wisely in appointing him United States

262 surveyor general for the state of Washington, which position he has held Nicholas J. H. since July I, 1913. Mr. FitzHenry was married in Port Fortman (1838- ) Angeles in October, 1898, to Miss Jessie Crooks and they have a daughter, Phyllis, who is now a high school student. The From: “An Illustrated History of democratic party has a stanch supporter in Stevens, Ferry, Okanogan and Chelan Mr. FitzHenry but nothing affecting the Counties,”xxix general welfare is a matter of indifference to him. Fraternally he belongs to the Knights . J. H.FORTMAN, a -civil engineer of of Pythias and in religious faith is a Nconsiderable experience throughout the Presbyterian. He is also a member of the northwest who has shown himself very Chamber of Commerce. While doing capable in his profession, is now surveyor of survey work for the government, he reported Ferry county. He also does mining an unnamed mountain peak in the Olympian engineering. He was born in New York, on mountain range, laying some twenty miles January 14, 1838. His parents, J. C. H. and south and west of Port Angeles. This A. E. (Devely) Fortman, were natives of mountain has an elevation of seven thousand Holland, who came to America and located one hundred and fifty feet and was in New York state, where they remained the presumed by the Press Club Explorers to be rest of their lives. The father was professor Mount Olympus so was not given a name by of languages and they were the parents of this exploration party. The government three children, Nathaniel, deceased, N. J. H., honored Mr. FitzHenry by naming this and Anna Kuyper. Our subject was mountain Mount FitzHenry. It is needless to educated in the state of New York, and say that his duties as surveyor general are when sixteen entered the naval college. promptly, faithfully and efficiently After his graduation from this institution, he discharged or that he is held in high esteem went to sea for practical experience, and throughout the state and especially by the followed this for a number of years, visiting engineering profession. nearly every part of the globe. In 1856, he His paternal ancestors came to America was shipwrecked on the south coast of the from England and Scotland at an early date. Island of Java. During the last two years he The first George settled in Virginia and his served at sea, he was an officer. In 1859, descendant Enoch participated in the War of Mr. Fortman came to California and took up the Revolution and later settled in mining, and one year later we find him on Pennsylvania and reared a large family. Puget Sound. Enoch's son, Edward, Mr. FitzHenry's There being very little work in civil grandfather, settled in Ohio and later moved engineering, he turned his attention to his family to McLean county, Illinois. Mr. farming, which occupied him until 1873. FitzHenyr is a member of the Isaac I. For six years after, he was very active in Stevens Chapter of the Sons of the pursuing the higher intricacies of civil American Revolution, being eligible from engineering, fitting himself for every kind of each paternal family line. work. For a number of years, he was surveyor at Port Townsend, and later entered the employ of the Puget Sound Iron Company as their leading agent and

263 engineer. In due course of time, Mr. On the 1st of May, 1888, Judge Frater Fortman took up real estate business and came to Washington, first locating in dealt in land during the boom days at Port Tacoma, and a year later he removed to Townsend. He came to where Republic now Snohomish. For some time he maintained a stands, but before the town was started, and law office in the latter place and in 1891 he here he has remained since. He has done a was elected to the state legislature from that great deal of excellent work throughout the district. He became resident of Seattle on county and the adjoining country. In the 1st of April, 1898, and his professional political matters, Mr. Fortman is a ability led to his selection for the office of Democrat, and his party named him for judge of the , which he is now surveyor, and he won the day against filling, his long retention therein being proof Thomas M. Hammond. In former years, Mr. of the high quality of the service which he is Fortman has been quite active in political rendering the state. matters and has served' in many official Judge Frater was married near Mount positions. Fraternally, he is connected with Gilead, Ohio, on the 29th day of June, 1881, the Red Men. to Miss Emma Brooks, a native of Seneca county, Ohio, and a daughter of William and Hannah Brooks, who became early settler of that state. The father was an honored Archibald Wanless veteran of the Civil War and a representative of an old New England family Frater (1856- ) of English extraction. To Judge and Mrs.

From “Seattle and Environs”xxx

ew men have made a more lasting Fimpression upon the legal history of Washington than has Judge Archibald W. Frater, who for many years has presided with dignity and ability over the superior court of the state of Washington, for King county. He is a native of Belmont County, Ohio, and of Scotch descent. Early representatives of the name in America settled in , near the Ohio line. Choosing the legal profession for the exercise of his talents, he qualified for practice and on leaving Ohio he made his way to Crow Wing county, Minnesota where he practiced law for five and a half years. He next went to Kansas, where he also followed his profession, and for about Figure 45 Archibald W. Frater from photos of two years was financially interested in the Washington House of Representatives 1891 Bank of Webster, that state.

Frater were born three children: Ralph P.,

264 whose birth occurred on the 13th of June, Congregationalist in religious faith and 1882, and who is deceased; John and Helen, belongs to Beta Theta Pi, also to Phi Delta who was born at Snohomish, January 20, Phi, an honorary legal fraternity. He 1890, and became the wife of Charles R. married Ruby E. Cannon, daughter of J. W. Lewis, who served as superintendent of Cannon, M. D., of Boise, Idaho. school at Kent, Washington, prior to the World war. After his discharge he engaged in the practice of law at Shelton, Washington, and is prosecuting attorney of Charles K. Gardner Mason County. Judge Frater has been a prominent figure (1787-1868+) in both local and state political circles of Minnesota and Washington and has become a recognized leader in the republican ranks. From: “Pictorial Field-book of the War He belongs to the University Congregational of 1812”xxxi, 1868. church of Seattle, of which he has been a deacon, and his influence is ever on the side harles K. Gardner was born in Morris of progrand uplift. He is a member of the CCounty. New Jersey, in 1787, and in Arctic Club and is one of the best known 1791 removed with his parents to Newburg Masons in Washington. He belongs to the commandery, has taken the thirty-second degree in the consistory and is a past grand master of the Grand Lodge of Washington and a past grand patron of the Order of the Eastern Star of Washington. He occupies a position of distinguished preferment in his profession and is recognized as a man of high intellectual attainments, with whom association means expansion and elevation. John A. Frater, the only surviving son in the family, was born in Kansas, May 28, 1887, and his early education was acquired in the grammar and high schools of this city. Later he became a student at the University of Washington, from which he received the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1910, and three years later he was graduated from that institution, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In 1913 he entered the office of Charles H. Winders, general attorney for the Company, with whom he remained until February, 1915. He then became associated with Edwin H. Figure 46. Charles K. Gardner. (From Book, Pectorial Flick in the general practice of law and later Field-book of the .) was appointed assistant United States . He is also a on the Hudson, where he finished his

265 education. He was a student of medicine with Dr. Hosack in New York, when he George Clinton received the appointment of ensign in the old Sixth Regiment of Infantry in 1808. In Gardner (1833- the following year, while on duty at Oswego, he was appointed adjutant of his 1904) regiment. He served as such at various points, and at Baton Rouge. , General Wade Hampton appointed him his From: William L. Clements Library, The brigade inspector. In July, 1812, he was University of Michigan, George Clinton appointed captain of the Third Artillery, and Gardner Papers. in the following month General Armstrong, then in command at New York, made him Papers, 1809-1900 his brigade inspector. In March 1813, he 150 items was in charge of the adjutant general's office at Washington as assistant, but was soon Background note: afterward promoted to major of the Twenty- fifth Infantry, and ordered to the Northern eorge Clinton Gardner served as frontier at Sackett's Harbor. He was in the Gassistant to William H. Emory in battle of Chrysler's Field. In the following surveying the California-Mexico boundary spring he accompanied General Brown's from 1848-1853. He spent the following division First from French Mills to Sackett's year working for his father, Charles K. Harbor, and then to Buffalo, and in April Gardner, a former journalist and army received the appointment of adjutant officer who was then surveyor general of the general, with the rank of colonel. For Oregon Territory. From 1855-1865, Clinton distinguished services on the Niagara Gardner acted as assistant astronomer and frontier he was brevetted lieutenant colonel, surveyor for both the Northwest and but, being then colonel, he declined it. In Southwest Boundary Commissions. May, 1816, he was recommissioned adjutant In 1869, Gardner was placed in charge of general of the Army of the North, and in dredging operations at Erie Harbor, working 1818 he married and resigned. for the Philadelphia and Erie Rail Road. His In 1822, he edited the New York Patriot, job involved an early experimental use of and was appointed corresponding clerk in nitroglycerine (manufactured by George M. the Post-office Department. In 1829 he Mowbry) for submarine blasting. Ten years became assistant postmaster general. He later, Gardner was general manager for the became auditor of the treasury for the Post- Mexican National Construction Co., and in office Department in 1836, and was 1895 he was involved in topographical afterward postmaster at Washington City, engineering in Peru. and surveyor general of Oregon. Colonel Gardner is now (1867) a resident of Scope and contents: Washington City. He is the author of a” Compend of Infantry Tactics”, and a very The Clinton Gardner Papers includes two comprehensive “Dictionary of the Army”. letters and some accounts of Charles K. Gardner along with Clinton Gardner's correspondence concerning real estate

266 dealings in Buffalo, NY. Three of Clinton of 1860 when, in the Indian settlement of Gardner's letterbooks are also included: Matsqui, a child was born in whose veins 1869 February 9-1870 February 25 (33 ran the blood of two great races. His mother pp.; re: dredging at Erie, with reports of was Selaamia, daughter of the chief of the drilling, equipment and crew and Indians of Matsqui and Sumas, and experiments with nitroglycerine); granddaughter of the last great See-am, chief 1881 Sept. 8-1882 July 3 (212 pp.; re: of all the Indians from Yale to the mouth of business and family, contracting, trade, road the Fraser. His father was Lieutenant George construction, travel and mapping in Clinton Gardner, civil engineer and Mexico); astronomer, who, at the time of the birth of 1895 July 5-November 9 (84 pp.; re: his child, was in charge of the engineering engineering and travel in Peru). There are 10 party surveying the boundary line between letters of recommendations for Clinton British Columbia and the United States and Gardner written by prominent military and who later became one of the leading railroad engineering experts. financiers of the continent. The child was given the Indian name of Quotaseltill and, at M-1898 the direction of his father, was also named Subjects George Clinton Gardner.

Dredging--Pennsylvania--Erie NEVER SAW HIS FATHER Engineers--United States He was known as George Gardner for the Mexico--Surveys first nine or ten years of his life but, when he Nitroglycerine started to school at Mission in 1869, he Peru--Description and travel found that Father Cherouse had by mistake Peru--Surveys christened him Charles Alphonsus Gardner. Real property--New York--Buffalo Charles Gardner accordingly he became, Road construction--Mexico and for the last forty years, he has been Surveying--Mexico known up and down the Fraser, on the Surveying--Peru Stikine and Skeena, on the Yukon and the Surveyors--United States Mackenzie, as Captain Charlie Gardner, one of the really great river boat captains of Canada. From both the vanishing Indian From: This article by Edna Brandon race and the incoming White race he Hanson appeared in The Vancouver Sun inherited traits which led to his success. He as, "The Strange Life Story of Captain was reared as a typical Indian boy and Charlie Gardner" between November 29 gained self-reliance, alertness, quickness of and December 27, 1941 eye and hand, courage, and honor in dealing with the fellows. From his white ancestry he http://explorenorth.com/library/bios/gardner inherited that , that outstanding -c.html intelligence and persistence that placed him Charles Alphonsus Gardner in the front rank of his profession. The boy Pioneer Yukon River Captain never saw his father. When the survey party was working east of Chilliwack Lake, HIS BOYHOOD Selaamia came home to Sumas as the child The wild crabapple trees were In bloom was about to be born. along the banks of the Fraser in the Spring

267 After she had been home a few weeks a Indian boy. Proudly he rode down the great messenger arrived from her husband. river with his grandfather in his long high- "Lieutenant Gardner sent me to tell you that powered war canoe and soon he learned to his government has sent him to Peru to do paddle a small canoe of his own. He learned some work for them there. He must go but to swim and run and climb, and feared will come back when his work is finished. I nothing on the land or in the water. He am to wait until the child is born. If the child learned to track animals and to shoot with is a boy he is to be called George Clinton bow and arrows the muskrat, rabbit and Gardner and I am to take back to his father a raccoon. He went with the men to catch the lock of his hair. Lieutenant Gardner has left sturgeon - the great "Squaworch" - that lay two of his men. Mr. Peabody and Mr. Roder, on the bottom of the river and was speared who are at his main camp at Bellingham, to with long forked pole. He went with his be guardians for the child while he is away. grandmother to get reeds for mats and to get Anything you want for yourself and for the white, black and red chalk from the slough child you can get from them." in Matsqui and made it into great round balls The child was born on May 15th, 1860, a little smaller than a football. These they and the messenger left with the lock of hair. baked in a strong fire of good wood and stored away to be sued for flailing into THE MYSTERIOUS 'THEY' discoloured wool to cleanse it. For three years and nearly four Selaamia ………………………..(continues) got supplies regularly for herself and the child from the guardians at Bellingham. But one day in the early spring of 1864 a From: “Ancestry in America, Vol. conversation took place between Selaamia IX,”xxxii 1894. and the guardians which changed the whole course of the boy's life. "What a fine big lad ARDNER, GEORGE CLINTON of he is getting to be", Mr. Roder said on GParkersburg, W. Va., b. in Washington, seeing the child. "That reminds me that we'd D. C., educated as a civil engineer, settled in better be looking for a school for him. His Oregon, asst. astronomer and surveyor on father sends word that he is to be educated International Boundary between British in the best school we can find. There's a Columbia and Washington Territory, good one over in Victoria. Perhaps we'd surveyed and marked the boundary from the better send him there." coast to the summit of the Rocky Mts. and in Selaamia and her boy went home. "They" charge of the office at Washington, D. C., - this mysterious world that the White had the maps and cross sections of the water people had made, of which her husband had ways between Gulf of Georgia and Juan de gone and from which he had never come Fuca straits prepared, upon which the San back - now "they" were going to take her Juan difficulty was settled by King William, child. She would not let him go. She and her as arbitrator, was engineer of maintenance mother and the men of her household could of way of Phila. and Erie R. R., gen. supt. teach him all he needed to know. So she sent Pa. R. R., manager Troy and Greenfield R. word to the guardians that the child was R. and Hoosac Tunnel for State of Mass., dead and that she would want no more gen. manager Mexican Nat. R. R. and supplies. completed that line from Texas coast to city Then this little fair-haired son of of Sattillio, ptcs. Buffalo, N. Y. and Phila. Lieutenant Gardner began his life of a real R. R., chairman of investigating com. of

268 Mo., Kans. and Texas R. R., pres. N. father-in-law as commissary - general of N. England and Western R. R. (Storm King Y. State going to Washington, 1827, asst. Bridge), vice-pres. N. Y. and Mass. R. R. postmaster-general under Pres. Jackson, first and now gen. manager Ohio River R. R. auditor of P. O. Dept., postmaster of city of (m. Oct. 13, 1863, Mary Frances Wash., surveyor- general of Oregon and Brodhead, dau. of George Hamilton Washington territories, afterward returning Brodhead, pres. of N. Y. Stock Exch. and to the homestead in city of Washington (m. desc. of Capt. Daniel Brodhead, an officer of Jan. 30, 1817, Ann Eliza McLean, b. in N. English army in command of Esopus, N. Y., Y. city, Feb. 27, 1799, d. in Washington, D. and ancestor of the Brodhead family in C., Dec. 26, 1876, dau. of Gen. John America.) McLean, who was commissary-general of George Clinton Gardner had five children, State of N. Y. and brother-in-law of Robert viz.: Julia Brodhead, Alida, Delia Burnet, the last survivor of the military Brodhead, George Clinton, Jr. and Mary family of Gen. Washington, having died in Frances; son of Charles Kitchell Gardner of 1854.) Washington, D. C., b. at Bottle Hill, now C. K. G. had 8 children, viz.: John, a Madison, N. J., June 24, 1787, d. in lawyer who died at his sister's house in Washington, D. C., Nov. 1, 1869, studied Louisiana, Emma Kitchell (m. Gov. Alex. medicine under Dr. Hossac of N. Y., entered Morton of Louisiana], Dr. Jacob Brown who army, 1808, resigned, 1818, succeeded his was mayor of I Falls Church, Va., Gen. Frank of Confederate States service, Sarah A. M. (m. Commodore John J. Almy of U. S. navy), Major Charles Thomas who was adj.-gen. of Gen. Parke's brigade in U. S. service, George Clinton, as above, and Alida Armstrong (m. Adm. Almy) ); son of Thomas Gardner of Newburgh, N. Y., b. in Morris, co., N. J., Oct. 18, 1752, d. in Newburgh, Mar. 7, 1813, moved there after the war, capt. of Wagon brigade, that transported Gen. Rochambeau's army across N. J. to Yorktown (m. Sarah Kitchell, b. Dec. 8, 1761, d. in Newburgh, Apr. 22, 1833, dau. of Abraham Kitchell, and niece and adopted dau. of Maj. Joseph Morris, who ' d. of his wounds received in Rev. war, Abraham was brother of Senator Aaron Kitchell of N. J., and desc. of Robert Kitchell of Guilford, Ct.); son of Thomas Gardner of N. J., b. Apr. 4, 1718, d. July t, 1771 (m. Mary); son of Thomas, b. Feb. 16, 1688, d. Aug. 5, 1745 (m. Mary); son of John of London, Eng., d. 1720, supposed to have come to America. Figure 47.. George Clinton Gardner

269 From: “General Superintendents of the United States Engineers, as chief astronomer Pennsylvania Railroad Division,”xxxiii and surveyor, and in conjunction with the 1900. English Commission, represented by Colonel Hawkins, C. E., and Captain Haig, George Clinton Gardner, Eighth General of the Royal Artillery. He gained distinction Superintendent, March 1873-April 1 1879. in this international survey, being a strong George Clinton Gardner, son of Colonel advocate of the boundary being in Canal de Charles K. Gardner, was born in Haro as against the claim of the English Washington City in 1834. His education Government that it was through the Rosanis was partly acquired at the Rittenhouse Straits. The dispute which grew out of this Academy in Washington City. At an early claim, and known as the “San Juan age he left that institution and entered difficulty," was settled by King William of Columbia College, then on Fourteenth Prussia as arbitrator. During its progress Street, just beyond the city limits. Whilst Mr. Gardner illustrated the channel and attending the latter institution he developed otherwise furnished valuable information to a preference for mechanical, mathematical our Government. His geographical and engineering studies. During his determinations along the line are the initial sophomore year he left college and took up points of the United States land surveys. the special study of engineering, and for Upon the completion of the work in 1869 some years afterwards was instructed in the he tendered his resignation, which was higher branches of geodetic and accepted by the President who, through the astronomical work by Professor James State Department, thanked him for the able Noonan. In the year 1850, at sixteen years manner in which he had performed the of age, he repaired to the Pacific Coast, duties assigned him. Although up to this where, under Major, afterwards General, time he had had no practical experience in William H. Emory, Engineer Corps, United railroad engineering his talents were of such States Army, he was associated with the an order that he experienced no difficulty in officers and engineers in establishing the securing an engagement with the United States and Mexican boundary from Philadelphia and Erie Railroad. His first the Pacific coast to the Gulf of Mexico. service with the Company began in 1869 as Resigning from the Mexican boundary Assistant Engineer. Whilst performing his survey he joined his father, who was then duties as such in building the coal docks at Surveyor General of the Land Office of Erie he was the first to use nitroglycerine in Washington and Oregon, located at Salem, submarine blasting. On April 1, 1870, he Oregon. Whilst pursuing his profession he was transferred from Erie to Altoona as was selected a representative of Washington Assistant Superintendent of Motive Power and Oregon in the work of the International and Machinery, and promoted to Boundary Survey. In 1856, the United Superintendent of Motive Power, April 1, States Government commissioned him as 1872. As Assistant Superintendent of Assistant Astronomer and Surveyor of the Motive Power he was in charge of the Northwest boundary survey for running and motive power and rolling stock of the marking the forty-ninth parallel of north United Railroads of New Jersey leased to latitude. This work, from the Pacific coast the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, to the summit of the Rocky Mountains, he December 1, 1871, and he organized their performed under Archibald Campbell, shops under the Pennsylvania Railroad United States Commissioner, and system. In March, 1873, he was elected Lieutenant, afterwards General, J. G. Park,

270 General Superintendent of the Pennsylvania and Detectives," pays a tribute to Mr. Railroad Division, filling that position until Gardner, who was ordered by Colonel Scott April 1, 1879, when his resignation took from Pittsburgh the second day of the effect. The Board of Directors at their trouble to protect Altoona, and says: meeting, March 13, 1879, passed the "Insults and threats were common at all following resolution: times, but the lawless elements were pretty “Resolved, That this Board accepts with thoroughly held in check by the constant regret the resignation of of G. Clinton exhibition of a competent force on the one Gardner, General Superintendent of the hand, and pacific measures on the part of Pennsylvania Railroad Division, and in shop superintendents on the other. In this doing so they desire to place on the minutes connection it is only just to state that the an expression of their thanks for the cool judgment, careful foresight, determined satisfactory manner in which he has bearing, but at all times the kind and administered the important trust confided to friendly manner of the General him, their appreciation of the zeal and Superintendent of the road, G. Clinton energy with which he has performed the Gardner, Esq., had more to do with duties of his office, and of the best wishes preventing wide spread destruction and for success in his new field of duty.” bloodshed than any other one cause. "These This was one of the many expressions of things gave a lasting impression to all, and esteem in which he was held by those during the strikes Mr. Gardner was connected with the Pennsylvania Railroad constantly on the alert without taking rest Company. He studied the welfare of the for many days. employees of the road, aided in the Railroad Whilst serving as General Superintendent Association and Reading Rooms at Altoona, of the Pennsylvania Railroad, he was made and constantly aimed at elevating the General Superintendent of the Northern standard of employees by devising means Central Railway, and administered that for their instruction, etc. It was under his property under the system of the administration that the school for special Pennsylvania Railroad. His health begnning apprentices was established, out of which to show the effects of the constant strain many officers, not only of the Pennsylvania upon him, he decided to take lighter work on Railroad, but of other lines throughout the some other road, and having been invited by United States, were graduated. Insurances the Governor and Council of the State of and relief for employes and the Massachusetts to take charge of the State establishment of a home at Altoona, upon road — the Troy and Greenfield Railroad the Company's farm, found in Mr Gardner a and Hoosac Tunnel — he moved his strong advocate. During the time he was residence to Greenfield, Massachusetts, in General Superintendent, many of the 1879. In the discharge of his duties in improvements which aided in making the Massachusetts, from 1879 to 1881, he soon great property the finest road in the world, gained expressions of satisfaction as to his were commenced. His labors at Altoona work. He arranged for and commenced the were arduous. He was in charge during the double tracking of the road, built the transportation of the millions of people ventilating galleries leading to the central moved over the Company's lines to the shaft, and experimented with the electric Centennial Exhibition, and during the lighting of the tunnels, besides suggesting extensive labor troubles of 1877. Pinkerton various other improvements subsequently in his book, “Strikes, Communists, Tramps adopted. He had the gratification of seeing

271 the road reported by the Railroad a determination to succeed, and the results Commissioners as the best single track in achieved by him justified his efforts. the State, if not in New England. In 1892 he was appointed General After his two years of service on the State Manager of the Ohio River Railroad and Road, during which time he received several continued to serve, as such until 1896, when propositions to take charge of other he became General Manager of the Pacific properties, he was made General Manager of Company, Pacasmayo, Peru, South America, the Mexican National Construction where he has been for several years and is at Company, the Mexican National Railroad present engaged in railroad work. In Company, and the Texas-Mexican Railroad addition to the above, Mr. Gardner was Company, and took up the construction of Chairman of the Investigating Committee of those roads, which employment occupied his the affairs of the Missouri, Kansas and attention from 1881 to 1884. Texas Railroad, President of the New On the northern division he completed the England and Western Railroad (Storm King line as far as Saltillo, Mexico. Construction Bridge) and Vice President of the New York having ceased for want of funds, he returned and Massachusetts Railroad. north and resigned. Immediately upon his Mr. Gardner is regarded as one of the return in 1884 he was elected to the ablest railroad men in active service and by presidency of the Buffalo, New York and his abilities and faithful service has built up Philadelphia Railroad, now the Western a reputation for personal integrity, practical New York and Pennsylvania Railroad, and skill and painstaking attention in directing continued to fill that office until March, the affairs of railroads. Wherever he has 1888, when he resigned. This property, like been, and wherever he goes, he has the many others, was unable to meet its fixed warmest esteem of officers and employees. charges, and required complete reorganization and improvement in its facilities for the development of its business. The system represented 660 miles of road, and, connecting with the great trunk lines, was subject to all the vicissitudes of the rate Selucius Garfield wars which then prevailed. The contest between the Lake Shore and (1822-1881) the New York Central greatly affected its revenues, and the competition on all sides between Buffalo and Rochester made the From: “The Library of Congress” task of reorganization and improvement a most difficult one, but under Mr. Gardner's GARFIELD, Selucius, a Delegate from management, the road’s facilities were the Territory of Washington; born in improved and its local trade so built up that Shoreham, Addison County, Vt., December its friendly relations with the connecting 8, 1822; moved to Gallipolis, Ohio, and later roads were strengthened and its financial to Paris, Ky., where he engaged in condition bettered. Although the facilities newspaper work; pursued an academic for doing the work required to improve the course; member of the State constitutional property were perhaps proportionally less convention in 1849; immigrated to than any manager of a railroad ever had at California in 1851; member of the State his disposal, Mr. Gardner undertook it with house of representatives in 1852; elected by

272 the legislature to codify the laws of the State From: “Centennial , in 1853; studied law; was admitted to the bar 1911-1912”xxxiv, Biography of Selucius Garfield’s son, Henry S. Garfield.

HENRY S. GARFIELD, M. D., a medical practitioner of the homeopathic school who has continuously and successfully followed his profession in Pendleton since 1890, working his way upward until he stands among the foremost physicians and surgeons in this part of the state, was born in Olympia, Washington, January 31, 1860, his parents being Selucius and Sarah E. (Perry) Garfield, both of whom were natives of West Shoreham, Vermont. Early in the 50's they came across the plains to the Pacific coast, settling first in California, but after five or six years' connection with business interests there Selucius Garfield came to the northwest, establishing his home in Olympia, Washington. He was a member of the bar, having graduated from a law school Figure 48. Selucius Garfield. in 1854 and commenced practice in San Francisco, Calif.; returned to Kentucky in 1855; delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1856; moved to the Territory of Washington in 1857; receiver of public moneys 1857-1860; unsuccessful Democratic candidate for election in 1860 to the Thirty-seventh Congress; surveyor general of the Territory of Washington 1866-1869; elected as a Republican to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses (March 4, 1869-March 3, 1873); unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1872 to the Forty-third Congress; appointed collector of customs for the Puget Sound district in 1873; moved to Seattle, Wash., Figure 49 Selucius Garfield as a member of where he engaged in the practice of law; Congress also practiced in Washington, D.C.; died in Washington, D.C., April 13, 1881; interment in Glenwood Cemetery. in Louisville, Kentucky. After establishing his home in Olympia he was appointed

273 surveyor general, and made a most the nation, having been a first cousin of creditable record in public office. Salmon P. Chase, secretary of the treasury He had previously been prominent as a under President Lincoln, and a second political factor in Kentucky, and was active cousin of one of America's martyred in the campaign in which Buchanan was presidents, James A. Garfield. candidate for the presidency. After the His son, Dr. Henry S. Garfield, spent his election of his candidate Mr. Garfield was youthful days in his parents' home, acquiring offered several important presidential his education in the public schools of appointments, one of them being that of Massachusetts and in a private school in ambassador to the Court of St. James, but he Litiz, Pennsylvania, the family spending preferred to remove to the west rather than some years in the east during and following enter upon diplomatic service, and following the father's term in congress. After his his arrival on the Pacific coast President return to the northwest, Dr. Garfield taught Buchanan gave him the appointment of school in Thurston County, Washington, and surveyor general of the northwest country. in Umatilla County Oregon. Subsequently His prominence and capability furthermore he was made a member of the surveying led to his continuance in public office. In crew of the Oregon Steam Navigation 1869 he was chosen to represent his district Company and continued in the engineering in the United States congress, where he department of the road for several years. served until 1873. Subsequently he was Later he took up the occupation of farming appointed by President Grant collector of near Athena, Umatilla County, and was customs for the Puget Sound district with actively identified with agricultural pursuits headquarters at Port Townsend, Washington, for several years. He then entered in which capacity, however, he served only commercial circles in 1884 or 1885, a year or two. He then retired from public conducting a furniture store in Pendleton life and resumed the practice of law, with until 1888 when he disposed of his business which he was prominently identified to the to prepare for a professional career, and time of his death in 1883 when he was sixty entered upon the study of medicine in the four years of age. He was an able and Hahnemann Medical College in Chicago. distinguished lawyer, strong in argument, He spent two years in that institution and ready in expedience, logical in his then completed his course in the Hahnemann deductions. College at San Francisco, from which he His political allegiance was given to the was graduated with the class of 1890. democratic party in early life, and he was a Immediately afterward he returned to warm admirer of Stephen A. Douglas, but Pendleton where he opened an office and during the period of hostilities in the Civil has since been engaged in active practice. war his patriotic spirit placed him in the He has served as health officer here, and at ranks of the republican party and he went the present time is examining physician for upon the campaign platform in support of the fraternal order of Eagles. In his Lincoln. He ranked very high in Masonry, independent practice he has been most having attained the thirty-second degree of successful, being accorded a patronage the Scottish Rite, and his ability and which is indicative of his high position as prominence in other connections placed him one of the foremost representatives of the among the foremost men of his adopted medical fraternity in this part of the state. state. Moreover, he claimed relationship On the 7th of September, 1879, Dr. with some of the most distinguished men of Garfield was united in marriage to Miss

274 Nancy J. Howell, of Umatilla county, and the period on the old Gesner farm six miles unto them have been born four children: southeast of Salem, excepting periods when Ethel, who is the wife of Dr. William R. Scott, of Seattle, Washington; Lillian, who is married to Carey W. Foster, a banker of Prineville, Oregon; Chase, who is a reporter on the Walla Walla Union; and Leila, who is now living with her brother Chase. On the 28th of October, 1900, Dr. Garfield was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Felicita F. McKee, of Pendleton. They are well known socially here and have a circle of friends almost coextensive with the circle of their acquaintance. Dr. Garfield serves as county physician of Umatilla County and at this writing is candidate for county coroner on the republican ticket without opposition. He is a member of Damon Lodge, No. 4, K. of P., and of Pendleton Aerie No. 28, F. 0. E. He is a public-spirited citizen, and yet his interests and activities are chiefly concentrated upon his professional duties which have been Figure 50. Alonzo Gesner. (Photo from Oregon Blue constantly growing in volume and Book, 1895, from his photo as a Senator.) importance. he was absent fulfilling the duties of various offices. His death was due to the Alonzo Gesner weaknesses of old age. Mr. Gesner served Marion and Linn (1842-1912) counties in the state legislature as joint senator two terms during the 90's. As a member of the Salem city council he served four terms. He was a surveyor of ability, From: Obituary in Daily Oregon and aside from holding the position of city Statesman 7 Mar 1912 1:6 & 4: surveyor and county surveyor, he held many contracts for surveying work for the lonso Gesner, former joint senator from government. He was first elected county Marion and Linn counties, Salem city A surveyor in 1872 and was re-elected for the councilman and city and county surveyor, term of 1876-78. Mr. Gesner was appointed and honored pioneer, died at his home, 195 Indian agent for Warm Springs reservation South Cottage street, at 10 o’clock yesterday by President Arthur in 1992 and served in at the age of 70 years. that position until the opening of the Mr. Gesner has resided in this vicinity Cleveland administration nineteen months since he was 4 years of age, the last thirty- later. five years of his life having been spent at his The pioneer was a member of the state home in this city, and the previous years of militia for nine years. For nearly three years

275 of that time he was captain of Company I, Oregon Statesman. Mr. Gesner, however, Second regiment, Oregon National Guard, retained his interest in the newspaper for the headquarters of which was at McCoy. only about eight months, selling his share to Mr. Gesner came across the plains to accept the appointment as Indian agent for Oregon with his parents in 1846. Upon the Warm Springs agency by President reaching The Dalles after coming to Oregon Arthur. When Cleveland was elected the family discovered that there was no road president Mr. Gesner returned to his farm, over the Cascade Mountains, and were compelled to come down the Columbia on rafts and in canoes and guided by friendly Indians. At that time the donation act was resulting in a very heavy immigration from the east to Oregon. The Gesner family came directly to Marion County and settled upon the section of land six miles southeast of Salem, which is still in the possession of the family. In his boyhood in this county Mr. Gesner and his people endured all the hardships of the frontier pioneers. All wearing apparel was manufactured at home, buckskins being converted into clothing and cowhide into by the men, while the women made their dresses from wagon cloths or other similar materials. In those days there was little money in circulation in this country. As a substitute, was accepted as legal tender, valued at $1 per bushel. Because of the large immigration of 1852 what was held Figure 51, Alonzo Gexner tombstone in the Pioneer at that time at $5 a bushel. C emetery in Salem, OR. Mr. Gesner obtained his advanced education at Willamette University. After leaving that institution he followed teaching where he remained until 1889, when he was for a year. Preferring the farm to the elected city surveyor. schoolroom he began cutting cordwood and In 1875 Mr. Gesner was married to Miss made money enough in one season to Rhoda E. Neal, who survives him. He is purchase thirty acres of land near the Gesner also survived by three children: LeRoy homestead. It was in 1872 that Mr. Gesner Gesner, a musician of Spokane; Mrs. Stella began work as a surveyor, and in that work Hodges of Boise, Idaho, and Miss Rhoda formed a partnership with a Mr. Wilkins of Gesner of Salem. All were at his bedside Lane County. His election to the office of when he died. In politics the pioneer was a county surveyor followed a short time Republican. He was a Mason and also a afterward. member of the Ancient Order of United In 1882 after having served the county Workmen. Full arrangements for the funeral and the government as a surveyor, Mr. have not yet been made, but the service will Gesner with General Odell purchased the be conducted Friday at the Rigdon

276 undertaking chapel and will be under the From: “Portrait and Biographical auspices of the Masonic order. Record of Portland and Vicinity,”xxxvi 1903.

ENRY SMITH GILE, No pioneer of Edward Giddings Hthe city of Portland can have a better knowledge of the country which goes to (1822-1876) make the state of Oregon than Henry Smith Gile, since 1851 identified with the advancement of governmental and From: “History of Washington, Idaho, commercial interests of the northwest, and Montana”xxxv, 1890. through which connection he has won a position of prominence as a factor of great hilip D. Moore was collector of internal importance in the early business life of this Prevenue in 1867. He was succeeded by section. He was born in Alfred, York Edward Giddings, who was born in Niagara County, Me., in May, 1827, and a good County, New York, in May 1822. He foundation for the work of his manhood laid served several years in the office of the state in the work of the common and high schools controller at Albany, under Silas Wright and which he attended in his native state. At the , coming to the Pacific age of twenty-two years when the world was Coast in 1849. He returned in 1850, flocking to the gold fields of California, he married, and brought out his wife, residing came by way of the Horn to the Pacific coast in California 3 years, when he removed to and entered the mines in 1849. He met with Puget Sound, having his home at Olympia. the usual success in this venture, and after He was Chief Clerk in the Surveyor an arduous life of nearly two years his health General’s office from 1862 to 1865, and began to fail and he felt the necessity for a afterward Deputy Surveyor until appointed withdrawal from that mode of labor. assessor of internal revenue. He was August 28, 1851, Mr. Gile came to succeeded in that office by J. R. Hayden, but Portland, Ore., and secured employment on in 1875 displaced Hayden as collector of the first steamer that plied between Portland internal revenue, which position he held at and Corvallis. The following year he took the time of his death in 1876. “Olympia up surveying with a government corps, with Pac. Tribune, Feb. 26, 1875”; “Olympia which he remained for about a year, when Standard, April 29, 1876.” he ventured to try his ability as evidenced in management, taking out a corps of his own and making his home in Oregon City. He was so employed until 1854, when he went to the coast and became interested in the oyster business, keeping up, however, his Henry Smith Gile surveys. He contracted to survey the different townships in the counties and also (1827-1918) located donation land grants for various individuals. After residing in Portland for six years he returned to California and settled in San Jose, where he remained for three years. In 1890 he again located in

277 Portland and now lives at No. 770 Flanders street. Mr. Gile first became interested in oyster fishing at Shoal Water bay, begun in 1851. and in 1855 carried the interests into Herman D. Gradon San Francisco, and in 1887 a consolidation was made of the four companies under the (1855-1920+) title of the Morgan Oyster Company. In addition to Mr. Gile’s interest in the oyster commerce he has been identified with From: Oregon Republican League the realty of the state, owning considerable website. landed property in both city and country, as well as consolidated mining stock and RADON, H. D., of Portland, was born interests in claims. His business sagacity that city in 1955, and graduated from and keen, quick decision have contributed the Portland High School in 1876, since no little to the success with which he has when he has been continuously engaged in built up his fortune in this land of surveying and civil engineering. He has opportunities, and through the evidence of always been a Republican. He was a such qualities he has earned a position delegate to the city convention in 1889 and among the men who have built up and 1891. In 1891 he was the Republican sustained the business interests of Oregon. nominee for City Surveyor, but was defeated Mr. Gile was married in Shoal Water bay with the entire ticket. In 2893 he was in 1867 to Miss M. J. Crellia, a native of the elected Superintendent of Streets, and re- Isle of Man, who came to Oregon in 1853, elected for two years in 1894. He will retire and their two sons and two daughters were July 1, 1896, having declined to permit his born on the coast. Of these Catherine L. name to go before the convention of either makes her home with her parents; Eleanor E. faction of the party. is also at home; Henry Stanley is married and resides in Phoenix, Ariz.; and Alvin Lester is at home. They have all had the advantages of a good education, the oldest daughter and son having attended the high school of Portland, while Eleanor finished at Boston Academy, and Alvin Lester Albert Ernest graduated from Yale University. Afterward this son became a student of law and now Hammond (1855- looks after the varied interests of his father. Politically, Mr. Gile is a Republican, and as 1925) such ably represented his party in the state legislature for three terms. In social relations he is a member of the Pioneer OBITUARY: Albert Ernest Association. Hammond, Jackson County, Oregon

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278 Transcribed and formatted for use in Hammond's father was also a nephew of USGenWeb Archives by General Israel Putnam, and her mother, Ann Elizabeth Corethers 4 Dec 2002 Johnson was a direct descendant of the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock in 1620. HAMMOND, Albert Ernest, Albert E. Hammond, the oldest child of Medford (Oregon) Mail Tribune, this union, spent his early school days in Friday, 24Apr 1925 Indiana and in southern Wisconsin, where his family had moved. He went to college at Albert Ernest Hammond, the oldest son of Asbury academy, now known as DePauw Anson P. Hammond and Elizabeth University in Indiana, and after finishing his Schermerhorn Hammond, was born on a course there joined his family in Yankton, farm in Johnson township, Lagrange Dakota territory. His early engineering County, Indiana, on February 5, 1855. work was spent on the plains of the Dakotas; On his paternal side he was descended and as this was during the days when the from distinguished early Americans. His Sioux Indians were on the war path, he and great grandfather was one Richard Lawson, his p arty were frequently chased in to an Englishman of noble family who was an headquarters by the scalp hunting savages. officer in the army of Lord Cornwallis It was during this time that he witnessed the during the War of the Revolution. During or departure from Yankton of General Custer after one of the principal battles early in the and his troops for his momentous campaign War, he decided that the colonists were against the Sioux, which had such a fighting a righteous battle, and he left the disastrous ending at the Battle of the Little British army and threw all his efforts, Big Horn. fortune and his fighting experience on the His father's family had moved out west to side of the colonists. the little city of Ashland, in the state of He was reported as among the missing in Oregon, and Albert Hammond followed the British records, and naturally never them there along in the early [18]'80s. He dared to make any claims for his estates and taught school for awhile and operated a saw property in England. mill, and tried his luck at mining and other He married a woman from Connecticut, things in southern Oregon, and finally7 and had only one daughter, who married became one of the engineers under the William, one of the ten sons of Benjamin supervision of John T. Hurlburt, and took a Hammond, of English descent and also a very active part in the building of the O. & veteran of the Revolutionary war. William C. Railroad over the . Hammond served his country through the This is now a part of the main line of the War of 1812. Southern Pacific, and is one of the finest and One of their sons, Anson P. Hammond, most difficult pieces of mountain railway married Elizabeth Schermerhorn, a engineering in this country. After the heavy granddaughter of Aaron Schermerhorn who part of this work was completed he went served in the colonial armies during the War with Mr. Hurlburt to Washington where he of the Revolution, and was a descendant of helped locate and construct the line of the the old Knickerbocker Dutch who early Northern Pacific across the Cascade settled in New York. Aaron Schermerhorn Mountains through the famous Stampede received a patent for his services and placed Pass. This is also one of the stupendous the same upon lands in the Mohawk valley engineering feats in American railway in the state of New York. Elizabeth

279 history. His work here was so well done After his retirement as State Engineer he had that he was sent into Montana with the title charge of the first construction work at the of assistant chief engineer of the Northern upper end of the great . Pacific railways, and for a number of years His later years in Oregon were spent was in active charge of all the work of that principally in consulting engineering work company in western Montana, which and in mining in various parts of the involved the construction of the lines to northwest. Butte, Helena and many of the principal In 1918 he took up his residence in branch lines. California and lived in that state until his In 1889 Mr. Hammond married Pauline E. death on March 7, 1925. Rea in San Francisco and removed with his His life was all spent in the great west, family to Portland, Oregon, where he and his work was all constructive. He was followed the calling of his profession for a one of the best of those strong, pioneer men long period of years, and left his mark in the who trod the unbeaten paths of the way of the construction of many well known wilderness, and made it possible for the public utilities in the northwest. During this following generations to obtain the benefits period he built many of the first electric of the wonderful resources of the western street car lines in Portland, including the country. , Woodlawn, Woodstock, the A fitting epitaph for Mr. Hammond would Albina lines and many others that are now in be that engraved on the stone that marks the active use. He made the first location for the last resting place of Robert Louis Stevenson: railroad line down the Columbia River "Under the side and starry sky,”Dig the between Portland and Astoria, Oregon. grave and let me lie. Glad did I live and From about 1898 on for several years he gladly die, And I laid me down with a will. was associated with E. E. Lytle, and during This be the verse you grave for me: Here he this time he located and built the Columbia lies where he longed to be; Home is the Southern Railroad from Biggs to Shaniko, sailor, home from the sea. And the hunter Oregon, and was its chief engineer and home from the hill." general manager for several years. During this time he also located the line from the mouth of the Klickitat River to Goldendale, Washington; also made the first railroad location lines through and those up the Canyon of the Deschutes river, which surveys were later covered with lines Thomas M. constructed by the Hill interests and those of the Union Pacific. Hammond (1860- During the time that George E. Chamberlain was , Mr. 1914) Hammond was State Engineer, and the first steps toward the immense irrigation projects in the Deschutes valley were planned and From: “History of Washington”i started under his direction. He also built the Portage railroad at the Celilo Rapids on the AMMOND, T. M., Jr., of Port Columbia River, and supervised a number of Hownsend, Treasurer of Jefferson other public works of great importance. County, was born in Port Townsend, March

280 14th, 1860. He received his early education until nineteen years old, acquiring his in a private school, studied civil engineering, education in the schools of that city. and at the age of twenty-five began to In 1879 he removed to Murfreesboro, devote himself to that profession, previous Illinois, where he remained until 1883, to which he had been engaged as foreman engaged as chief engineer on the St. Louis and time-keeper for the Union and Northern Central Railroad. He then went to San Pacific Railroad Company, serving in that Francisco, California and spent four years in capacity for nearly five years, and only the employ of the Dakota Publishing relinquishing his position to apply himself. Company there, after which he removed to In 1888 he was elected County Surveyor of Los Angeles, still working for the same Jefferson County, holding that office until firm. He resided in that beautiful city three 1890, when he was elected County years, then traveled for some time, visiting Treasurer. He was re-elected in 1892, and is various points of interest on the Pacific coast therefore the present incumbent of the and finally locating in Spokane. position and most worthily fills the place. A Since coming to this city he has been stanch Republican, he takes an active engaged in engineering continuously. He interest in politics, is a general favorite, and was with the city water works for some time has proved himself so capable in the and about five years ago was appointed discharge of his duties that it would be deputy United States mineral surveyor for difficult to supply his place. He is a the States of Washington and Montana. Mr. descendant of T. M. Hammond, Sr., one of Harrison early began the study of his the earliest settlers in Washington and a profession and he has pursued it with California pioneer of ’49. He is the owner assiduity and zeal for many years, with the of considerable real estate in Port result that he has acquired an enviable Townsend. reputation extending over the entire Northwest. It would be difficult to find a man better fitted by education and experience for the difficult government position he now holds. Socially, Mr. Harrison is affiliated with the Woodmen of the World. He was Edward P. Harrison married in Boise City, Idaho, in 1888, to Miss Emma Dorman, and they have two (1858-1909) children: William H. and Lillie May.

From: “An Illustrated History of Spokane County, 1900”xxxvii

DWARD P. HARRISON, civil and Emining engineer, is a son of a noted clergyman, who was pastor of one church in Augustus Story Cincinnati, Ohio, for twenty-five years, consecutively, also a grandson of a cousin of Haskell (….-….) President William H. Harrison. He was born in Cincinnati in 1860 and resided there

281 From: “Harvard College Class of 1887 secretary’s report no. 4, Issue Otho Orlando xxxviii 4.” Hauschild (1879- AUGUSTUS STORY HASKELL. 1942) For the year 1887-88 was at the Lawrence Scientific School, where he received the degree of C. E. in June, 1888. Dec. 15, By Jerry Olson 1888, to May 1, 1889, was at Cheyenne, Wyo., as assistant roadmaster on the Union s a resident of Ritzville, WA, Otho was Pacific Railway; then, until Dec. 25, 1889, Asurrounded by an ethnic community of in the service of the O. R. & U. Co., as German ancestry. His father, Theodore W. rodman, "no residence." Dec. 25, 1889, Hauschild (Hauschildt in Germany), born in located at Colfax, Wash., as division 1848, immigrated to Iowa as a baby with his roadmaster on the Union Pacific Railway. I family. He received a good American left Colfax, October 1st, 1890, and went to education including studies in engineering at Portland, Oregon, where I was assistant Troy, New York. He married Sarah Jackson division engineer till December 1st of that in 1876 in Kansas, and nine children were year, when I left the employ of the Union born to them. The family moved west, Pacific and opened an engineering office in briefly settling in Vancouver, Washington. Portland; went into partnership in that They transferred themselves in 1883 to business with Frank F. Gilham, of Portland, Ritzville, Adams County, a community of Oregon, under the firm name of Haskell & about 13 houses, and took up the occupation Gilham, in April, 1892. Came east to attend of farmers by settling on railroad land just the class dinner in 1893. In the latter part of south of town. Their farm of 640 acres was September I left Boston and returned to located all around the site of the present Portland and have been here ever since. interchange of I-90 and Hwy 395. When the Last year, my partner, Mr. F. F. Gilham was county was organized, Theodore was elected elected City Surveyor here, and I have been County Surveyor, serving several terms in filling the place of Assistant City Surveyor, that capacity. Just before the family arrived, since July 1st, 1896, and expect to remain the NPRR line from Spokane to Pasco had such until the administration changes which been completed through town. will depend upon the election in 1898. Shall Over the years, the Hauschild family hold office anyway until July 1st, 1898. became leaders among the pioneers. With Married in Boston, Mass., June 16, 1890, the arrival of the railway, the land hereto to Nina Smith Albee of Boston, daughter of considered fit only for grazing, was changed John A. and Celia Albee. Have two into a grain growing country. Having children, both daughters ; Edith Anna, born established their own land holdings, the at Portland, Oregon, April 15th, 1891, and Hauschilds moved on to supporting the Catherine Lucy, born at Portland, Oregon, needs of the community. They aided the December 4, 1892. Member Appalachian first bank, donated land for the first water Mountain Club. system, donated land for the high school, and wrote the song for the women’s organization.

282 Otho was born in Kansas in 1879 before corrections, which were completed on the move to Washington. His education is March 30. There must have been field unknown, although his status in his corrections to do, for the delay was due to professional life would indicate that he went weather. The survey was given to M. P. past grade school. He was elected County McCoy, Special Examiner, to perform the Engineer in 1904 (succeeding his father), field inspection on April 7th. In response to 1906, and 1912 and surveyed at least two the results of the examination, on May 31, subdivisions in Grant and Adams Counties. 1904, the Surveyor General suspended the His father died in 1906. survey, ordered D. S. B. Henry to resurvey Gretha Geschke was born in Bromberg, the South line, and directed the sureties to Germany, immigrated with her parents in hire a compassman to complete the contract. 1892, and ended up in German Township One of the sureties was Otho’s father, near Ritzville, WA. She married Otho in Theodore, who pledged his farm to January 1908, and between them they guarantee the work. Another was James produced four children. Tragedy struck her Turner, another farmer. It is unknown why family in June, 1912 when her father, at age Otho was not able to do the corrections. 55, fell from a wagon while returning from They named A. D. Butler of Pullman, but Ritzville to his farm. He broke his back, the Surveyor General asked that they prove became paralyzed, and died a few days later. his qualifications, which they attempted to The General Land Office lists Otho as the do. In the end, Dudley S. B. Henry, who recipient of Contract number 596 for T20N had a contract to survey the township to the R24E on February 24, 1903 for a total of south, and was awaiting the results of this $308.00, having been the successful bidder survey to finish his work, was appointed on in response to a December 3, 1902 notice. September 29, 1904. This township is very flat, had sagebrush for Henry was an experienced Deputy vegetation, was served by the new Great Surveyor and the son of former Washington Northern RR, and included the location of Surveyor General, Anson G. Henry. The the fledgling town of Quincy. The perimeter Surveyor General disclaimed any financial had been surveyed and resurveyed, but as of responsibility to Henry, stating that he had this date, the subdivision into sections had to look to the sureties for payment. not been done. The north boundary was Dudley began by resurveying the South surveyed by Smith and Reeves in 1872, and boundary, finding it out of limits by some 5 Sewall Truax surveyed the others in 1881. chains, and resurveying a new South George Gardiner, a Benson Syndicate boundary to a closing corner on the West member, pretended to resurvey the North line. He retraced the East, West and North line in 1884, listing it as mountainous and boundaries, also finding the variation too heavily vegetated to receive top dollar. large. The townships to the East and West Gilbert M. Ward retraced the West line, and and North had already been surveyed, so he James L. Mann, also a Benson Syndicate just retraced the township lines, noting the member retraced the East boundary in 1884 true bearings and distances. He created a and 1883. guide meridian one mile in from the east and lotted the easterly tier of sections. He Otho received two blank field books in surveyed from April 7, 1905 to April 24, May of 1903, and on November 9 he filed 1905, receiving approval October 21, 1905. the returns in person in Olympia. Two days During this time, settlers had been later they were returned to Hauschild for petitioning to have the old survey accepted.

283 There is no examination in the contract illness”. His death certificate states that he file, but it is obvious that Hauschild had had been at the Masonic Home 20 years, and completed the initial survey. Henry noted died of “progressive paralysis following “old corners” throughout in his notes, and cerebral hemorrhage several years ago.” He for the subdivisional lines, there were no was given a Masonic funeral and buried in prior surveys. Since Henry was there at the Hillcrest Burial Park in Kent, WA. same time, or shortly thereafter, he may have reported the errors to the Surveyor General. Hauschild probably found the old township line on the South boundary and began his survey based on that. Those corners would have put all of his work from 1-5 chains off from what Henry eventually surveyed. Francis Henry (1842-1893)

From: “An Illustrated History of the State of Washington,”xxxix 1893.

UDGE FRANCIS HENRY, a resident of JOlympia, and the pioneer abstracter in the Territory of Washington, was born in Galena, Illinois, January 17, 1827. His parents, William and Rachel (McQuigg) Henry, were natives of Connecticut and New York respectively. William Henry took an active part in the war Figure 52. Masonic Home in Des Moines. of 1812, being a Lieutenant of artillery. After marriage he moved. to St. Louis, Something happened between 1916 and Missouri, and engaged in the milling 1920. Otho and Gretha were divorced, and business. In 1825 he was one of the first Otho was in Benewah County, Idaho in settlers of Galena, where he engaged in the 1917-1918. The 1920 census lists Otho mercantile business, continuing the same living with his mother in Ritzville and their until 1836, when he removed to Mineral two sons kept in an orphanage in Spokane. Point, Wisconsin, and there passed the rest Gretha was working as an “engine wiper” in of his life. the railroad yards in Spokane, keeping the Francis Henry was the first white child two daughters in her care. By 1930, she had horn in Galena, Illinois. He was second in married again to a brakeman for the RR and the family of four children and is now the cared for all of the younger children. She only surviving member of the family. His died in Pasco in 1984 at the age of 96. education was secured at the old log Nothing is found of Otho professionally schoolhouse, often walking several miles after this time. By 1930 he was living in the distant to improve the simple facilities then Masonic Home in Des Moines, WA, and offered by the short winter schools. His died there in April of 1942 after “a long early manhood was passed in lead-mining

284 and clerking, being thus employed up to of spring, he commenced mining with good 1847, when he was appointed Second success. In the fall, with a few friends, he Lieutenant of the Third United States proceeded to Sailor diggings on , Dragoons for the Mexican war, serving at and, later, to Gold Beach at the mouth of the the city of Mexico under General Scott. Rogue River. In anticipation the prospects After his discharge he joined his family at were always rich, and the reality proving a Mineral Point, Wisconsin, and engaged in failure their changes were frequent. In the

Figure 53. Francis Henry gravestone at IOOF Figure 54, Francis Henry. (Photo from the State Cemetery in Tumwater. (Jerry Olson photo) Library, Pioneer Photos of Thurston County.) the study of law in the office of S. J. Dunn. spring of 1855 he crossed the mountains to In the summer of 1851 Mr. Henry started for Jacksonville, southern Oregon, where he California, via the Panama route. Duly found profitable diggings; but, with the arriving, he proceeded to the mines at mining excitement of eastern Washington, "Hangtown," now called Placerville, and he started for that locality, from which he commenced placer mining, making good was driven by the Indian outbreak. wages but not realizing the sudden wealth Returning to Oregon, he located at La which he had anticipated. He proceeded Fayette, Yam Hill County, where he was from camp to camp, visiting Yankee Jim and admitted to the bar and engaged in the Weaverville, where he passed his first practice of law. winter, suffering many deprivations and He was married in 1857 to Miss Eliza B. hardships. They were snowbound for two Henry, daughter of Dr. Anson G. Henry, an months. Supplies gave out and barely (sic) of 1852. After their became their only food. With the opening marriage Mr. and Mrs. Henry went East and

285 located at Mineral Point, Wisconsin, where Kenny," "A Hayseed Like Me," "My he engaged in the abstract business with his Lodging's on the Cold, Cold Ground." brother, William T., and also in a general The first recorded reference to this song law practice. was in the Olympia, Washington newspaper With his early enthusiasm over gold the Washington Standard in April 1877. excitements, Mr. Henry returned to this Although no official record exists, The Old coast in 1862 to visit the Cariboo mines, but Settler's Song was thought to be the state instead was diverted to the Florence mines song of Washington according to the The of Idaho, where he passed an unprofitable People's Song Bulletin until it was decided summer. In the fall of 1862 he came to the lyrics were not dignified enough. Olympia and engaged in Government The song achieved prominence decades surveys, under Dr. Anson G. Henry, later when radio-show singer Ivar Haglund Surveyor General, working along the Sound used it as the theme song for his Seattle, WA and in for five years. In radio show. Pete Seeger and Woody 1867 Mr. Henry made an abstract of titles of Guthrie claimed to have taught the song to Thurston County, the first ever attempted in Ivar. Ivar Haglund went on to name the Washington, and since then has continued in Seattle restaurant "Ivar's Acres of Clams" the abstract and real-estate business, also after the last line from the ballad. conducting a general practice of law. Mr. and Mrs. Henry have five children: Old Settler’s Song, Version 1: Mamie G., wife of George H. Foster; I've traveled all over this country Francis D.; Rebecca B., wife of Albert Prospecting and digging for gold Waddell; Rufus W.; and Fay O. I've tunneled, hydraulicked and cradled In political matters Judge Henry has been And I have been frequently sold. very active, having served eight years as Probate Judge, several terms as a member of For each man who got rich by mining the Territorial Legislature, besides minor Perceiving that hundreds grew poor I made up my mind to try farming local offices. He was a member of the The only pursuit that was sure. Constitutional Convention which assembled at Olympia, July 4, 1889, and in advancing So, rolling my grub in my blanket and supporting the interests of the new State I left all my tools on the ground he has been an active participant. I started one morning to shank it For the country they call Puget Sound.

Arriving flat broke in midwinter Old Settler's Song (Acres of Clams) I found it enveloped in fog And covered all over with timber From: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Thick as hair on the back of a dog. When I looked on the prospects so gloomy "Old Settler's Song (Acres of Clams)" is a The tears trickled over my face Northwest United States folk song written And I thought that my travels had brought by Francis D. Henry around 1874. The lyrics me are sung to the tune "Old Rosin, the Beau." To the end of the jumping-off place. I staked me a claim in the forest The song also goes by the names; "Acres of And sat myself down to hard toil Clams", “Lay of the Old Settler,” “Old For two years I chopped and I struggled Settler’s Song,” “Rosin the Beau,” "Old But I never got down to the soil. Rosin, the Beau," "Rosin the Bow," "Mrs. I tried to get out of the country

286 But poverty forced me to stay Thick as hairs on the back of a dog — Until I became an old settler Then nothing could drive me away. And covered all over with timber Thick as hairs on the back of a dog! When I looked on the prospects so gloomy, The tears trickled over my face And now that I'm used to the climate And I thought that my travels had brought I think that if a man ever found me A place to live easy and happy To the end of the jumping-off place! That Eden is on Puget Sound. To the end of the jumping-off pla-a-ace, To the end of the jumping-off place:

I thought that my travels had brought me To the end of the jumping-off place. No longer the slave of ambition I staked me a claim in the forest, I laugh at the world and its shams And sat myself down to hard toil: As I think of my pleasant condition For six years I chopped and I labored, Surrounded by acres of clams. But I never got down to the soil — But I never got down to the soi-oi-oil, I never got down to the soil:

"Lay of the Old Settler" version 2 For six years I chopped and I labored, But I never got down to the soil! I've traveled all over this country I tried to get out of the country, Prospecting and digging for gold; But poverty forced me to stay — I've tunneled, hydraulicked and cradled, Until I became an old settler, And I have been frequently sold — Then nothing could drive me away! And I have been frequently so-o-old, Then nothing could drive me away-ay-ay, And I have been frequently sold: Then nothing could drive me away! I've tunneled, hydraulicked and cradled, And I have been frequently sold! Until I became an old settler — Then nothing could drive me away! For one who gained riches by mining, And now that I'm used to the climate, Perceiving that hundreds grew poor, I think that if a man ever found I made up my mind to try farming, A place to live easy and happy, The only pursuit that was sure — That Eden is on Puget Sound — The only pursuit that was su-u-ure, That Eden is on Puget Sou-ou-ound, The only pursuit that was sure, That Eden is on Puget Sound —

I made up my mind to try farming, A place to live easy and happy? The only pursuit that was sure! That Eden is on Puget Sound! So, rolling my grub in my blanket, No longer the slave of ambition, I left all my tools on the ground I laugh at the world and its shams And started one morning to shank it As I think of my pleasant condition, For the country they call Puget Sound — Surrounded by acres of clams — For the country they call Puget Sou-ou- Surrounded by acres of cla-a-ams, ound, Surrounded by acres of clams, For the country they call Puget Sound, As I think of my happy condition, Surrounded by acres of clams! I started one morning to shank it For the country they call Puget Sound. Arriving flat broke in midwinter, I found the land shrouded in fog And covered all over with timber Thick as hairs on the back of a dog — Thick as hairs on the back of a do-o-og,

287 during his residence at Chehalis Mr. Hermans had an active and influential part in shaping the improvement and progress of Emery J. Hermans the city. Mr. Hermans is survived by his widow, four daughters, and three sons, one (1859-1926) of the latter named for his father, being a resident of Chehalis.

From: Chehalis Bee-Nugget, Friday November 13, 1926, the obituary of Emery J. Hermans.

FIRSTPAVING Theodore Rockwell ENGINEERDIES. Hinsdale (1865- E.J. Hermans Engineered F i r s t . C o n tract in Chehalis in 1941) 1 9 0 8 . Emery J. Hermans, whose death occurred Sunday, October 31 at Puyallup, was city By Jerry Olson engineer when Chehalis' first paving was laid. He came here from Tacoma, where he Theodore R, Hinsdale was born at had been employed on city work. Chehalis, Ellaville, Prince George County, , lusty and ambitious to grow, led all the only child of Soloman Rockwell and southwest Washington cities by being the Julia Merritt (Jackson) Hinsdale, on January first city in the southwest to lay street 31, 1865. Soloman was in the Treasury paving. This was vitrified brick and Department in Washington, D. C. Theodore extended from the St. Helens hotel to the studied at the Institute at Rittenhouse West street Northern Pacific crossing. The Academy, Washington, D. C. in preparation work was begun late in the fall of 1908 and for his entrance to the Rensselaer prediction was that it would not be finished Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York on until the following summer. Weather September 22, 1882, from which he later conditions were favorable, however, and graduated in 1886. Soon after graduating, Contractor McHugh of Tacoma completed he married his wife, Frances Augusta the work by about Christmas time. The Crandell. following season the rest of the then From 1887-1890 he practiced civil business district was paved with brick, engineering in Washington, D. C., and by property owners who refused to go into the 1893 he was a “Clerk” in that city, probably first improvement district, stampeded to with the General Land Office. The have their part of the city improved so that it Commissioner appointed him as a “Detailed would be in the same class with Market Examiner”, or a Special Examiner of Street. Mr. Hermans’ work as an engineer Surveys, in April 1895, to work directly for was regarded as of a high class and the brick the Commissioner in Washington D. C. and paving has stood up very well, generally not for the Surveyor Generals in the States speaking. Later, other paving districts were or Territories. His first assignment was the organized locally and for a number of years examination of Robert A. Webster, Contract

288 414 in Washington Territory. The following Saturday we packed in the remainder of our is from his report: outfit, this was the first sunny day we have had so far. On Sunday May 12, we settled camp, tested The Hon. Commissioner our chain and adjusted my instrument by General Land Office direct sun observation. Washington D. C.

Sir: The next four days were spent by Pursuant to your instructions of April 19, Hinsdale and crew, including Webster, in 1895, I left Washington, D. C. April 22, retracing 6 miles of Section line in arriving in Olympia, Washington on April Webster’s contract, going around Sections 30th where I obtained the necessary data on 17 and 20.The following table is a summary the contracts to be examined, leaving there on May 1, for Portland, Oregon, where I arrived of that survey: the same evening. At Portland I organized my party, bought groceries, provisions and camp outfit and left there with team on Sunday May 5 in a heavy rain. I reached Vancouver, Washington, the same day and camped for the night – in a shed. On Monday May 6th we left Vancouver in a driving rain and travelled until dark, camping in Section 29 of T3N R3E. Tuesday, it was still raining, we had to break our load at this point and make two trips to the end of the road to a small shack owed by a Mr. Wenzel in Section 24 of T3N R3E reaching there just at dark. On Wednesday May 8, we started to cut a trail into T3N R4E in order to get on the work. We all chopped all day in a heavy rain, and cut less than a mile out. A number of small errors were found in Thursday, Webster the contracting deputy appeared on the scene, and informed me that the description of accessories, the variation, the only way to get into the Township was to the location of topographic features, etc. It go in on an old trail on the south side of appears that Webster was closing his Section 32, as the “Old Doyle Trail” was east/west lines and moving the quarter filled up. We accordingly packed up and after corners, and that except for the six chain a long, hard days drive reached a point two miles south of the end of the road. It cleared error, he appears to be close to the off during the afternoon which made it better specifications. Theodore’s inspection going, but, it was all we could do to haul the survey showed a closure of about 1:1600, wagon through the mud holes with the which would be very good. Hinsdale assistance of my saddle horse and also the finished his report on July 9, 1895 with the deputy’s. On Friday May 10th we packed the four following discussion: horses and started early for a small hunters cabin situated in the NE ¼ of Section 29, T3N General Description R4E. It took us all day to reach this point with This township although comparatively near part of our outfit as a great many trees had a settled country is almost without human fallen, and we had to cut our way in many habitation, as there are only two or three places, the trail was poor and about seven hunter’s cabins in it and as the township is miles long. situated in a sort of basin in the mountains, it is accessed only by trail.

289 The most of the township is covered with heavy timber and dense underbrush, and is very rough. The survey of T3N R4E is in good condition, with the exceptions noted, and considering the country over which it is projected, bearing trees and corners are all well and plainly marked. I therefore recommend that after the deputy has returned to the field and made the corrections necessary to remove the errors shown by the foregoing notes, that the survey may be accepted.

The Commissioner rejected Webster’s survey, and he resurveyed the west half of the township to avoid the GLO collecting on his bond, which had been secured by his Figure 56 Charles A. Homan at Vancouver father’s farm. After a new examination, the Barracks, front row second from right. survey was approved in 1898. Hinsdale continued in his role of Special Examiner for several years through at least 1896, ending up in Montana in 1900 where he continued a long activist role as a Christian Scientist begun by him and his wife in 1894. The Christian Science Church there was formed in 1901 while they were there, and they posted cards advertising education. He was the Lewis and Clark County Surveyor in Helena, Montana 1899- 1903, a civil engineer in Kirkland, WA, in 1910 and 1920, and in Seattle in the same role in 1930. He died in Seattle in 1941 and Figure 55. Homan River Valley as photographed by Charles A. Homan. (Schwatka, An Exploration of the Frances died there in 1951. Yukon River in 1883.)

listed him on their rolls, with the particulars being identical. He served in the New York Infantry in the Civil War in 1863 at the age of 16, and continued in the military after the Charles A. Homan war. On May 22, 1883, First Lt. Frederich Schwatka embarked from Portland on a (1847-1918) military exploration of Alaska and the Yukon Riverxl. Private Charles A. Homan served as a topographer and photographer. By Jerry C. Olson They crossed over Chilkoot Pass on the route later followed by the gold miners in Born in Canada in 1847, Charles first 1899 and descended the Yukon River by raft showed up in the U. S. census as a soldier in as far downstream as Anvik, where they 1880. Both of the census records of boarded an Alaska Commercial Co. steamer. Vancouver Barracks and Port Townsend They reached St. Michael on August 30,

290 1883 and returned to the Northwest. Homan after Homan, which also later resulted in a completed a survey of the route of the Homan Lake and a Homan Peak. Charles expedition and made the first map of the memorialized his river with a photograph Yukon River. His photographs were displayed in the expedition collection. transformed into engravings and Schwatka had earlier achieved notoriety incorporated into books written by with his 1878-1880 sledge journey into Schwatka. Schwatka named a river that Alaska of almost 3000 miles to locate the flowed into the south end of Lake Bennett Franklin expedition records. Schwatka attempted two more expeditions, one to climb Mt Elias and the second to explore more territory in the Yukon and Alaska. The first was aborted because of Schwatka’s poor health, and the second in 1891 was successful. Upon his return he went on the lecture circuit again but soon checked himself into treatment for alcoholism. He declared the cure a success, but soon died on the streets of Portland of an overdose of the medicine laudanum (tincture of opium) in 1891. Just prior to the Yukon expedition, Homan was also topographer for an exploration from Fort Colville to Lake Osoyoos in 1883 under the command of George Goethals of Panama Canal fame. Homan continued employment with the Army Engineers in Vancouver until at least 1900. In 1889 and 1890 he was elected Vancouver City Surveyor, and in the next two years surveyed the subdivision plats of Riverside in Clark County and Grandview in Cowlitz Figure 57. First map of the Yukon River as surveyed and drawn by Charles County A. Homan in 1883. ((Schwatka, An Exploration of the Yukon River in 1883.)

291 The U. S. Congress appropriated $64,000 March 1892 he was on the Vancouver City on Aug 5, 1892 for surveying townships survey crew with Robert Webster under the inside and outside of railroad grant lands in direction of Manford Lisher. All of these Washington State. The U. S. General Land surveyors received contracts from this Office had preceded this event in 1889 by special appropriation sending Major John B. Brockenbrough, Contract 414 for T3N R4E was awarded accompanied by Deputy Surveyor William on May 27, 1893 to Robert A. Webster, who B. Marye, to inspect the timber resources of was working for Clark County at the time. the Pacific Northwest. Following through, Contracts 415 for T4,5N R4E and Contract the U. S. Surveyor General awarded 19 416 for a portion of T5N R3E were awarded survey contracts, mostly west of the on May 27 and 29, 1893 to William. E. Cascades. This was at the time of the “Panic Elwell. of 1893”, a severe recession, and most Webster surveyed his township to the contracts were small, going to surveyors south of Homan’s in 1894, and was inexperienced in government contracts. authorized for payment by the Washington Surveyor General in December 1894. However the commissioner ordered an inspection of the work by T. R. Hinsdale, detailed examiner, in May 1895, and that resulted in the entire survey by Webster being rejected. Until this time, inspections were normally done by other Deputy Surveyors, but in 1893 Congress passed a law forbidding that practice and required them to be done by Special Examiners under the control of the Surveyor General. He received the letter in April, 1896 and resurveyed about 30 miles of line in July and August, 1896. He had pledged his father’s farm for the bond to get the survey and appeared to have no choice but to comply. The survey was approved in 1897 and signed off January 21, 1898. Figure 58. Charles A. Homan (Photo courtesy of For Elwell’s contracts, Homan signed as the Clark County Historical Museum.) surety and bonded twice the price of the contract, listing a house in Vancouver, one- half-interest in 80 acres in Pioneer, and $500 A surveyor named William E. Elwell had of stock in the Vancouver Building and been doing examination surveys for the Loan Co. as collateral. Lynn Clough signed Washington Surveyor General in 1892 and also with $10,000 of value in ten acres of 1893, and he and Homan formed a business improved prune land just outside of arrangement where Elwell was to do the Vancouver. The instructions said he could work, Homan supplied at least part of the use a compass needle on subdivision lines money, and Homan would be one of the but not on township lines and to use the sureties to sign the bond. The first instance 1889 Manual of Instructions. of Elwell’s surveying experience is that in

292 Elwell spent the year of 1893 doing the Parallel about 1 chain West of and across inspection surveys in Cowlitz and Lewis a brook from the Standard cor. to these Counties, reporting favorable results on all Sections. A further examination of this instances. He inspected Levi Vickery, survey would have been made had not a Charles Murray, Gilbert Ward and Elijah forest fire visited my camp destroying bedding, clothing and provisions. I Ward. A typical evaluation was:”After a attempted an examination of the line careful examination of the work, I believe it between Sections 30 & 31 but the fire was has been well done by a competent still raging in this locality and the danger surveyor.” In March of 1894 Elwell from falling timber necessitated requested an extension of the time for his abandoning this line. That the survey has contracts. Reasons included a late notice to been carelessly executed and contains proceed, his inspection work, and two feet errors too large to permit its acceptance is of snow on the jobsite. He surveyed T5N clearly indicated by this examination.” R3E from April 12th to 28th and finished the other two townships by the end of 1894, This report resulted in supplemental submitting his notes to Surveyor General special instructions to Elwell on March 28, Watson. Watson approved Contract 416 of 1896, almost a year later, to redo the survey T5N R3E, which had only about twenty of T4,5N R4E. Elwell realized that he was miles of survey, and submitted it to the commissioner, who approved it in May of 1895. The rest of the work was inspected by Waller R. Staples, detailed clerk, in May 1895. He found many errors, including a 2.85 chain (188 ft.) jog in the alignment of the standard parallel at the standard corner to sec 31 & 32 and a 4.53 chain (299 ft.) error East and West also at that point. In his report Staples states:

“The deputy’s corners as a rule are poorly Figure 59. Charles A. Homan with survey crew, making corrections in established and his lines T4.5N R4E in 1897. Crew consists of local settlers in the East Fork of the are very poorly blazed. Lewis River Valley. From left to right are: Charles Homan, Philo The blazed lines bet. Secs. Bogardus, Manley Smith and Hal Hall. Hal Hall was the brother of Joseph 31 & 32 intersects the line Hall and went on to become an electrical and civil engineer in California. bet. Secs. 29 & 32 about 3 Homan appears to be holding an instrument with a solar attachment as chs. East of the corner, and required. (Private collection of Joseph Hall loaned to The Columbian on that between Secs. 32 & 33 1/10/1957. Clipping in personal collection of Jerry Olson.) starts from the Standard

293 not competent or financially able to correct he established his section corners on the work, and asked the Surveyor General to latitudinal lines entirely across the allow Homan to do the corrections. The township, and that no attempt was made Surveyor General appointed Homan on July to adjust these lines. In my opinion the 29th as a compassman to “assist” Elwell in records of the surveys of Townships 4 & 5 North, Range 4 East, are entirely making the corrections, and he agreed, to at unreliable and worthless.” least protect his interest as a surety. Homan acquiesced as long as he was to get the same Homan asked that the Surveyor General money as Elwell, and that it was to be sent correct this situation by naming him as a to him. This was approved on August 18th Deputy Surveyor to act in his own capacity by the Surveyor General. On August 24th to redo the work surveyed by Elwell and to the commissioner appointed Homan as make payment to him exclusively when the compassman to “assist” Elwell and that the work was finished. On February 16, 1897, money was to be sent to Elwell. On August Surveyor General Watson issued 29th Homan stopped work on the contract supplemental special instructions naming and suspended the crew due to bad faith on Homan as a Deputy Surveyor, saying he will the part of the commissioner. be paid, subject to the approval of the On January 25th, 1897 the Surveyor commissioner, but still saying he will General asked what steps Elwell had taken “assist” Elwell. Also, all work will be done to correct the survey, Homan replied that by a solar instrument, and no compass “he” had entered into an agreement with the needle will be allowed. This agreement was Surveyor General to correct these surveys approved by the commissioner on March under his own contract, and that Elwell was 5th. The instructions were amended on no longer in the picture. Homan asked why March 11th to state that the South boundary the Surveyor General was still talking about of T4N R4E as surveyed by Webster is still Homan “assisting” Elwell in finishing the “unaccepted” and that Homan was not survey. authorized to survey T4N R4E until further Homan explained: instructions. Obviously Homan had his heels dug in “From August 19th to 28th, 1896, I and would not resume the resurvey until he spent in making an examination of the work in the vicinity of the First Standard had an acceptable contract. On May 5th, the Parallel North through townships 4 & 5 Surveyor General wrote Homan that he East. The country is mountainous and could have the contract in his own capacity covered with heavy timber, underbrush and not be “assisting” Elwell. Homan and windfalls so that progress on true line agreed and reaffirmed that the money would was necessarily slow, but enough work go to him. was done to convince me that any attempt The survey parties were organized and at adjustment of the original work would from June 16 to September 19, 1897 the be labor lost. First Standard Parallel and T5N R4E were The errors of alignment and distance resurveyed by Homan. On July 31st are so great that in many cases original detailed examiner T. R. Hinsdale accepted corners were so far from true position that, with the assistance of Mr. Elwell, I the North boundary of T3N R4E as surveyed was unable to find them. by Webster, and the on August 2nd the Mr. Elwell trusted entirely to a very Surveyor General told Homan he could indifferent compass needle for his proceed with T4N R4E. On March 29th alignment.. He admitted that to save time 1898 Homan wrote to the Surveyor General

294 that the South boundary of Section 36, T4N R4E was off alignment by over one degree and that the East line of the township was long by almost 5 chains. Surveyor General McMicken countered by directing Homan to create a sectional correction line on the north line of the southerly tier of sections and to create government lots on the south township line. Webster’s line had already been approved. By August 8th of 1898, Homan had finished the field work of the corrections and soon thereafter turned in his notes to the Surveyor General Apparently the Surveyor General had further special instructions for Homan for in May of 1899 he was again in the field, this time to retrace the entire south boundary of T4N R4E to document the deviations from the manual as surveyed by Webster. He turned in those notes in early June, and Surveyor General McMicken approved the Figure 60. Gravestone of Charles A. Homan at survey and sent Homan an accounting of the Vancouver Post Cemetery. payments he would expect. Unfortunately he also told Homan that the commissioner Most of these two townships were would be sending the money to Elwell. patented to Northern Pacific RR, who very D. W. Kinnaird, Detailed Examiner of soon sold them to Frederick Weyerhauser. Surveys, inspected his work in August 1899 A railroad was built from Vancouver, and issued more Special Instructions. This through Yacolt, and into the forest. This time they found that Homan did not whole area burned in 1902 as part of the obliterate all the marks from the old corners, , and this survey facilitated the and his monuments for the corners were land sales and therefore the salvage inadequate. He was ordered to go back to operation. The deputy surveyors were the 140 miles of survey and replace most of required to list settlers on the land to help the wooden posts with marked stones. prove homesteading claims. Homan listed Homan replaced 63 posts in November of about 40 settlers and used several of them 1899, signed his work in December of 1899, for his chainmen and axmen. One was and received approval March 26, 1900. future Judge Robert McMullen, and another (Homan may not have been too sympathetic was Harold Hall, a future engineer and when a few years later D. W. Kinnaird was brother of Judge Charles W. Hall. indicted for fraud as part of the Puter Land Another contract was awarded to Homan Fraud case.) The contract amount was by the Surveyor General on March 3, 1901 $2840 with the contractor receiving the for three townships in Cowlitz County. In maximum special rate of $20 per mile. In January of 1901 he asked for an extension of January he was still protesting the proposed that contract as he explained: payment of money to Elwell.

295 “That owing to the uncertainty and risk caused much by the method of settlement Edward Dennison of my claim for the surveys of Townships 4 and 5 North, Range 4 East, W. M., Hooker (1873- executed by me as compassman under instructions from your office, and the jeopardy in which the compensation for 1939+) this work was placed by the action of the Department for many months, made it imperative for me to remain in Vancouver By Jerry C. Olson to protect my interests and also prevented the giving up of the situation held by me Edward Hooker was born on March 28, under the U. S. Government, without the 1873 in Fairland, Iowa, the oldest child of risk of serious loss and distress to myself Thomas Hooker and Mary Denison. His and family. That when settlement was family moved to Spokane between 1880 and finally made, I was in duty bound to give 1892, where his father became the managing my employers ample notice of my editor of the Spokane Chronicle. intention to resign, and to remain in office Hooker was awarded Contract Number until a suitable person was found to take my place. This delay, covering most of 390 in 1892 at the age of 19 for T36N R24E the field season of 1900, was unforeseen in Okanogan County just northeast of and unavoidable on my part.” Conconully, along Salmon Creek, and T30N R42E in Stevens County just east of Deer It is unknown when Homan got his Lake. As soon as the contract was approved money or if it was sent to Elwell. He had in September, he requested an extension, been paid by January 1901, but he never and another In May, and then another in proceeded with the new work, and it was July, this one including a doctors certificate. awarded to Edwin Sharp and Robert Omeg He surveyed T30N R42E between July 12th as contract 593. As an experienced and September 5th, 1893, and T36N R24E bureaucrat in the Army, Homan actually between October 5th and November 4th, stood up to the General Land Office better 1893. The notes were turned in for review than most Deputy Surveyors. on November 27th. After an exchange of Homan continued to reside in Vancouver, notes, the contract was examined by Henry WA, working as a surveyor and civil Newby, Special Examiner, and reported to engineer until his death in 1918. He is Hooker on January 12th, 1895. T30N R42E buried with his wife Ona in the Post was accepted, but T36N R24E was rejected Cemetery of Vancouver Barracks. His son, and suspended, requiring corrections in the William Platt Homan, also a civil engineer, field involving a new survey. He redid the showed up on the 1910 census in Vancouver survey in July of 1895, turning in the notes and on 2 subdivision plats in the Auditor’s in December. Further corrections were office. ordered relative to ties to mineral monuments, which were done in August of 1896. The township was approved in September of 1897 and he was finally paid after a 5% deduction for being late. His younger brother, Harold Hooker, was a chainman for the surveys in 1895 and 1896.

296 During this time, Hooker also received estate broker, fire insurance agent, city water Contract 432 on June 23, 1893 for T29N bill collector, and investment broker, all in R44E, in Spokane County about 10 miles partnership with his father-in-law, Gorman east of Deer Park. It was “within the limits P. Dart, until 1898 when he was appointed of railroad land grants” which meant NPRR Special Alotting Agent for the Indian had deposited money for the survey. Service on the Colville Reservation as Edward conducted the survey between May surveyor and allotting agent. In 1900 Hunt 27th and August 10, 1894 which was is listed as a surveyor in Marcus, Stevens accepted in February 1896 after unknown delays. In the years 1892 and 1893 he was living in a boarding house in Spokane at 703 Sinto Avenue and listed as a civil engineer. The next events recorded in his life were when he and his wife Marion arrived in New York from France on passenger ships in 1926,1928,1929,and 1939, with his wife Marion arriving in 1933 by herself. They were living in New York City from at least 1918 to 1939 where he was an engineering salesman. Nothing else has been discovered about Edward.

Clair Hunt (1865- 1937)

By Jerry Olson Figure 61. Clair Hunt

orn in June, 1865 and raised in County, WA with his wife Hazel and 2 BMitchell County, Iowa, Clair Hunt children. was the son of Milford and Carrie Hunt, and During his time with the Indian Service, the second of 5 children. Their farm must he created some excellent maps of the have been fairly prosperous, for in both Colville Reservation with detailed 1870 and 1880 censuses, there were hired allotments. He also is credited with many help listed on the farm. high quality photographs of Spokane and He moved to Spokane in 1887 where he Colville Indians, which are now found in met his future wife Julia Hazel Dart. They several collections in the Pacific Northwest. These maps and photographs may have been were married in Kootenai County, Idaho in in his own behalf, for he was employed at 1889 but still lived in Spokane. He times in other capacities. remained in Spokane, engaged as a real

297 The Washington Surveyor General was finally paid to the county. When Hunt awarded Hunt Contract 573 to survey the submitted a bill for the $38,717.66, north half of T40N, R29E, W. M. which he Okanogan County refused to pay because did from August to September, 1902. Along they declared it was illegal for government with this came the title of Deputy United to pay for a lobbyist. Hunt sued in Superior States Surveyor. Soon after he finished 573, Court, lost, and then appealed. The Court of he was awarded Contract 620 for the survey Appeals ruled for Hunt, and he received his of the north half of T40N, R30E, W. M.. money. They were not surveyed until June and July, President Harding nominated Clair Hunt 1906. This work was adjacent to the to the Senate for confirmation for the Canadian border in an area encompassing position of Surveyor General of Washington the towns of Molson and Chesaw in in July, 1921. The position carried a salary Okanogan County. of $3000 per year and was headquartered in From 1901-1906, he was a United States Olympia. He continued in the position until Deputy Mineral Surveyor and surveyed 28 1925 when the position was eliminated. The claims in Stevens, Ferry and Okanogan appointments in the Indian Service, as Counties. One subdivision plat in Ferry Deputy Surveyor, lobbyist, and Surveyor County had Hunt’s name on it. General of Washington indicate that either Hunt was elected Stevens County Hunt, his father-in-law or both had political Surveyor in 1905 and served until 1908. clout and influence. After that he became a Stevens County The 1930 census listed him as the Commissioner until at least 1920 per the proprietor of a mortgage loan business in 1920 census. All the while he kept taking Olympia. His wife, Julia Hazel, died in his photographs. 1931, and Clair died on January 18, 1937. The Okanogan Board of County Both are buried in the Masonic Cemetery in Commissioners made a contract with Clair Tumwater Hunt in 1920 to pursue their claim of money in lieu of taxes from the Federal Government. He was to receive 50% of what was recovered. The research was done and a report written. In 1921, because of an employment conflict, he turned the contract Jared S. Hurd over to his son, Ward Hunt, an attorney. Okanogan County concurred in the transfer. (1824-1873) A few years later, an amount of $77,435.31

From: “Jared S. Hurd Letters, 1846- 1872”xli at the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

Notes and Summaries:

Jared Hurd went to California via Panama in 1849. In California he worked as a miner near San Francisco, bought an interest in a mill in Nevada City, and worked as a surveyor for a telegraph company. He

Figure 62. Gravestone of Clair Hunt in the 298 Masonic Cemetery at Tumwater. (Photo from Jerry Olson personal collection) served as 1st Lieutenant in Company B, 1st Jared's letter to their father. Jared writes Regiment Washington Territory Mounted from San Francisco, Creek (now Volunteers in the Indian Wars, during which Weaverville), Mormon Island, Nevada City, time he was assigned Deputy Registrar of Olympia, and near , British the Land Office in Washington Territory. Columbia. He later led a survey expedition near Kamloops in British Columbia for the Canadian Pacific Railroad. His father ,Davis Hurd, was an engineer in Niagara County. Thomas M. Hurlburt (1860- 1931)

From: “The Centennial History of Oregon, 1811-1912”xxiv

HOMAS M. HURLBURT, city Tengineer of Portland, was born in Albia. Iowa, March 28, 1860, his parents being John Q. A. and Mary (Adams) Hurlburt. In early colonial days the family was planted on American soil by ancestors who came from England in 1630 and settled in New

Figure 63. Anna M. Cock Hurd, wife of Jared Hurd.

10 ALS from Jared Hurd to his family in Niagara County, N.Y. The first letter is from Detroit, and refers to a business trip he has made there. The rest of the letters document his journey to and life in the West. He describes Panama, San Francisco, Washington Territory, and California. He also describes the variety of jobs he holds, including mining, milling, his military career, and surveying. He asks for news from home, and gives news of fellow New Yorkers in the West. One letter contains a note written by his sister Lucy, forwarding

299 England. The father came of that branch of activities constituted a valuable element in the Adams family that has given to the the development and progress of different country two of its presidents. He was born sections in which he labored. He was made in Vermont in 1833, and his life record a Mason in Iowa and following his removal covered the intervening years to October, to the west demitted to Troutdale Lodge, F. 1909, when he was called to his final rest. & A. M. While living in Multnomah He was quite young when his parents County he served for three terms as county removed with their family to Canada, where surveyor and was otherwise prominent and he was reared, pursued a college education active in public affairs. and became a civil engineer, entering upon Thomas M. Hurlburt was a lad of only ten the practice of that profession in Iowa a years when the family came to Oregon and short time prior to the Civil war. Following in the schools of Portland he pursued his the outbreak of hostilities between the north education until graduated from the high and the south he enlisted in the Thirty-sixth school. He afterward learned civil Iowa Regiment and was wounded at Marks engineering under the direction of his father, Mill, , in which engagement he was mastering not only the technical side of the captured and held as a prisoner of war for a profession but also the business in its time but later was exchanged. Following his practical phases. He was associated with his recovery from his wounds he rejoined his father for seven years, or until 1884, when regiment and served until the cessation of he was elected surveyor of Multnomah hostilities, when again the old flag floated County, which position he filled from 1886 over the entire south. Not long after this he until 1891. In the latter year he was made entered the employ of the Burlington & city engineer of Portland and served in that Missouri Railroad Company, engaged as a capacity for five years, at the end of which civil engineer, locating the line of the road time he was appointed United States from Burlington to Omaha. In 1870 he examiner of surveys in the interior came to Portland in his professional capacity department, thus continuing until 1907. and was employed in connection with While in the employ of the Federal railroad construction in the northwest, government he visited every wild section of especially on the Oregon & California the country west of the Mississippi. He Railroad. As chief engineer he built the knows what the term "roughing it" means road from St. Joseph to Corvallis, but with and his life in the wilds brought him some the death of his wife his interest in the things thrilling experiences. He and his father have of this life failed and within a year he, too, been identified with practically every passed away. He had gained prominence important civil engineering project in and success in his profession and his Portland and with all the important early work of this character in the state. In 1907 on his retirement from his Federal position Thomas M. Hurlburt became district engineer for the city and filled that office until 1909. During the two succeeding years he was the principal assistant engineer and in July, 1911, was again appointed city engineer, so that he is the present incumbent in this position. In 1890 he explored Bull Run from its source to its mouth and made a

300 Figure 64. Thomas M. Hurlburt gravestone at Riverview Cemetery, Portland, OR. (Photo from Jerry Olson collection.) report on the water supply of this stream, which now furnishes pure mountain water to Portland. In the following year the From the Obituary of George Warren legislature passed the Bull Run water bill. Hyde, The Joliet Republic, December, Mr. Hurlburt also made the first railroad 1891. survey to Astoria from Gobel and the road was later located on the line of his survey. His work has indeed been of a most Ending of a Busy Life -- Mr. George W. important character, constituting an initial HYDE, a Pioneer of the '50's Passes Away step in much of the later development, Friday Forenoon, in his Sixty-Eighth Year. progress and improvement of the state. At eleven o'clock Saturday forenoon, at In 1884 occurred the marriage of Mr. his home 303 North Ottawa street Hurlburt and Miss Clara L. Files, a daughter surrounded by part of his family, and other of J. C. Files, a native of Portland, to which near relatives, Mr. George W. HYDE, city her parents, Candace Laidy and J. C. passed to his reward in the Great Beyond in Files came in the '50s, settling near what is his sixty-eighth year. He leaves a widow, now the northeast corner of the city on the whom he married in 1857, her maiden name Columbia River. Mr. and Mrs. Hurlburt being Mary HOWARD; and five children -- have three sons, Raymond F., Rodney A. Mrs. W. W. EVANS, of Chicago; Mrs. W. and Ralph J. In Masonry Mr. Hurlburt is E. HOWARD (sic - should be quite prominent, being a past master of HARWOOD), of Soudan, Minnesota; Mr. Washington Lodge, F. & A. M., a past high Louis H. HYDE, George PRESTON, and priest of Washington Chapter, R. A. M., a Mary HYDE of this city. past thrice illustrious master of Washington The funeral will take place from the house Council, R. & S. M. and a past thrice Monday afternoon at half-past one o'clock, illustrious grand master of the grand council, Rev. A. H. LAING, officiating. having been its chief officer for two years. Mr. HYDE was born in Batavia, New He also holds membership in Oregon York; several of his earlier years were Consistory, A. A. S. R. and in Al Kader passed in Watertown. In 1856 he came to Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He has a wide Joliet operating as a surveyor on the Illinois acquaintance in the fraternity not only in and Michigan canal, under Mr. J. B. Portland but throughout the state and is also PRESTON. He and his uncle, late well known in professional circles, holding Henderson HOWK, built and operated the membership in the American Society of flouring mills above the Jackson street Civil Engineers and the Oregon Society of bridge, many years. About four years ago Civil Engineers, while his ability has gained he retired from business having amassed a him extensive recognition as one who stands comfortable competence. Mr. HYDE was high in the field of his chosen calling. Democratic, socially, a staunch Republican, politically, and a Universalist by religion. He was unassuming, a staunch friend; in his family he was all that could be desired in a husband and a father. His faults were few. In His Last Resting Place. George Warren All that was earthly of the late George W. HYDE was laid to rest in snow-covered Hyde (1823-1891) Oakwood yesterday afternoon. The body looked wonderfully like life, as he reposed

301 in his casket; the latter being of heavy red Upon leaving their service he opened a real cedar, plainly covered with black estate and mining broker's office in broadcloth; a plain oxidized plate inscribed: Spokane, maintaining it until 1888, when he was elected county surveyor. He laid out 1823 numerous additions to Spokane and Cheney. George Warren Hyde In 1890 he retired from the surveyor's office 1891. to accept an appointment from President Harrison as special examiner of public land Old friends were gathered in the parlors to surveys. He was elected to the state senate mourn with his family. His pallbearers were in 1892 and during his four years of service old time friends: D. Y. SMITH, Wm. in that branch of the legislature DAVIDSON, Henry FISH, W. A. distinguished himself as a man of unusual STRONG, Wm. ADAM, Horace legislative ability. He introduced and HUMPHREY, O. FOX, M. L. COOK.

The Joliet Republic and Sun (Illinois,Volume 46, No. 17, page 3, December 4, 1891 (Friday)

Clarence W. Ide (1860- )

From: “An Illustrated History of Spokane County.”xlii

ON. CLARENCE W. IDE United HStates marshal for the district of Washington, was born in Buffalo County, Wisconsin, September 10, 1860. When eighteen years of age he came to Dayton, Washington, thence, in 1879, to Spokane Figure 65. Clarence W. Ide (Photo from the Class County. He passed a year on the farm, then Photos of the Washington Senate, 1893) moved into this city, where he was employed by F. R. Moore & Company for secured the passage of a very important bill about a twelvemonth. He next entered the making it unlawful for any state officers or service of the Northern Pacific Railroad trustees to incur liability in excess of the Company, in their engineering department, amount appropriated, and providing a and worked for them for a number of years, penalty for violation of its provisions. among other things assisting in the removal Previous to the passage of this act of the town of Yakima to North Yakima. deficiencies of from one hundred thousand

302 dollars to two hundred thousand dollars in Buffalo county, Wisconsin, September annually had to be met. Since July 1, 1897, 10, 1860, a son of Chester D. Ide, who was Mr. Ide has been serving as United States born in Vermont, October 18, 1830. In the marshal under appointment by President year 1856 he removed to Wisconsin, where McKinley, and he is discharging his duties he resided until May, 1878, when he brought as such officer in a highly creditable his entire family to Washington, making the manner. Mr. Ide has long been a leading trip by wagon train over the old Union man in political matters, having served as Pacific trail to Ogden, thence by way of delegate to many county and state Boise and Walla Walla to Spokane. In the conventions. In fraternal affiliations he is a family were three sons, Clarence W., G. I prominent thirty-second-degree Mason. He .and Ernest W., but the last named passed was married in 0scoda, Michigan, February away May 2, 1903. The wife and mother 19, 1896, to Miss Dora M. McKay, a native was called to her final rest on the 10th of March, 1903, but Mr. Ide is still living, hale and hearty at the age of eighty-five years. The younger of the living sons, G. L. Ide, was born August 27, 1870, and was brought by his parents to Washington in 1878. His education was largely acquired in the common schools of Spokane and in 1897 he was appointed deputy United States marshal, in which position he continued until he was made cashier of the Puget Sound customs district in 1903, since which time he has occupied that position. He was married in 1896 to Miss Edith Hull, of Spokane, and Figure 66, Clarence W. Ide gravestone at Washelli they have two children, Wilson G. and Memorial Park, Seattle, WA. (Photo from Find A Helen. With the removal of the customs Grave website.) headquarters from Port Townsend to Seattle, Mr. Ide brought his family to this city, of that town, and they have one daughter, where he still resides. Irma. Mr. Ide's father, C. D. Ide, is a The elder son, Clarence W. Ide, acquired pioneer of this county of 1879, and is his education in the public schools of his universally esteemed and respected as a man native town, being eighteen years of age of integrity, and one who has contributed when he accompanied his parents across the much toward the general progress. plains to the northwest. Ile first resided at Dayton, Washington, but after a year removed to Spokane with his father, who From: “Washington, West of the took up a claim in Spokane County. The Cascades”xliii next two or three years were spent upon a farm and in. 1881 he began work in the Clarence W. Ide, superintendent of the engineering department of the Northern courthouse of King county, has held various Pacific Railroad, which was then being public positions in which he has ever proven constructed across the continent to Puget himself a faithful official, loyal to the best Sound. Although he had received no interests entrusted to his care. He was born technical training in that line, experience

303 brought him knowledge of surveying and he In February, 1896, Mr. Ide was married to remained with the Northern Pacific in that Miss Dora M. McKay, of Michigan, by capacity in Montana, Idaho and Washington whom he has six children, namely: Irma, for about five years, being first engaged on Margaret, Elizabeth, Dorothy, can and Edna. the line of construction and later in town site The family is well known in Seattle, where work. He afterward became interested in they have many friends, and Mr. Ide also has real estate and in 1888 was elected county a wide acquaintance throughout the northern surveyor of Spokane County, but in a short part of the state, his activities having time resigned that position to accept an brought him into prominent connection with appointment from President Harrison to the affairs of public importance. position of examiner of surveys in the interior department. Two years later he was elected to the state senate from Spokane county on the republican ticket and was a member of the for four years, during which time he carefully considered Oliver B. Iverson all vital questions which came up for settlement and used his influence in behalf (1845-1940) of public improvement and progress. In July, 1897, Mr. Ide was appointed United From: “An Illustrated History of Skagit States marshal of the district of Washington and Snohomish Counties.”xliv by President McKinley and while occupying that position made his headquarters at ON. 0. B. IVERSON, now of Olympia, Tacoma, where he established his home. He Washington, formerly of Stanwood, continued in the office until March, 1902, H when he was appointed collector of customs for the Puget Sound district by President Roosevelt. His confirmation was held up by Senator Foster on several frivolous charges which were finally withdrawn and he was confirmed by the in June, 1902. During the four years which he occupied the position of collector he resided at Port Townsend but June, 1906, returned to Seattle and engaged in the contracting business. His first work in that line was the construction of the 'Green Lake reservoir and in November, 1913, he was appointed superintendent of construction of the Cedar River masonry dam, in which connection he served until the dam was completed in June, 1915. On the 1st of December of the same year he was appointed superintendent of the King county courthouse, which position he now fills. Figure 67 Oliver B. Iverson (from Denny Demeyer, from An Illustrated History of Skagit and Snohomish Counties, 1906.)

304 and among that section's notable, pioneer Minnehaha county in 1869, and was elected leaders to whom Snohomish county, will to and served in the territorial legislature ever owe a debt of gratitude for public during the years 1869-70. He also served as services, is a native of Norway. He was the first treasurer and probate judge of born September 11, 1845, on an estate Minnehaha county and was appointed clerk known as Borsheim, Ulvik Hardanger. In of the United States District court. While 1857 his parents immigrated to Big Canoe, residing in Sioux Falls, Mr. Iverson opened Winneshiek county, Iowa, the lad of twelve a farm, built and operated a saw mill, burned accompanying them to the new home lime, practiced law, surveyed government selected across the sea. The next few years land, held court and collected taxes, in lie spent as did most boys of his age and addition to his more ambitious public circumstances, rapidly acquiring a services, thus demonstrating his intense knowledge of and a love for America's energy, varied abilities and undoubted peculiar institutions, and laying firm the capacity for leadership. He was appointed foundations for his future usefulness. The commissioner of immigration in the year month of September, 1862, witnessed his 1874 and as such made a trip to Europe, enlistment in Company D, Sixth Iowa visiting his old home. It was on this trip that Cavalry, for a term of three years, or until he found Peter Leque and induced him to the end of the war. To the intense disgust of come to Dakota, whence he later removed to this regiment, it 'was sent to protect the Stanwood. The year 1874 was a Dakota and Montana from Indian grasshopper year, and, as in the case of ravages, remaining on such duty until many others, Mr. Iverson's confidence in mustered out in September, 1865. Dakota was so seriously shaken by the Returning to his home on the Big Canoe, disaster that lie decided to once again go in Iowa, Mr. Iverson resumed the pursuits of quest of a more congenial home. Puget peace with as much ardor and faithfulness as Sound attracted his attention so strongly that he had displayed in taking up the sword for in January, 1875, he started for the Pacific, the preservation of the Union and the reaching Olympia, March 10th. protection of the frontier settlements. Not Writing recently in the Washington Posten only did he labor with renewed earnestness regarding conditions obtaining on the sound and optimism as a single unit of the republic at that period, Mr. Iverson gives some for which he had fought and sacrificed so interesting and graphic information. Indeed, generously, but he became a leader of he is a writer of ability whose articles have acknowledged force and fervent patriotism attracted wide notice and upon which the among his fellows. editors of this history have drawn After marriage in 1866, he settled upon a generously for information concerning the farm which he purchased in Iowa. His first settlement and growth of Snohomish county. crop was destroyed by a hailstorm, leaving him nearly bankrupt, but with characteristic "When I first saw the enchanting fortitude and perseverance, he packed his shores of Puget sound," writes Mr. few belongings and with a yoke of steers to Iverson, "Seattle was a sawdust village haul them, set out for the northern frontier. with about 5,000 inhabitants. The whole At the end of a three hundred-mile journey merchandise of the town did not equal the stock of two of its houses today: Tacoma across the plains he filed a homestead land was unborn. Steilacoom, which has not upon which East Sioux Falls, South Dakota, been subject to change, was a place of now stands. He assisted in organizing importance. Whatcom and Fairhaven

305 were diagrams on the map and a memory. On the contrary, he is generally an idealist Olympia was the capital and not much of the purest type. He loves his else. Snohomish County had perhaps a surroundings, his work and his friends little more than 500 inhabitants. Everett's with an intensity little understood within inhabitants were Ned Cromer and his the precincts of alleged civilization. He telegraph instruments. The only reliable will risk his comfort and even risk his life transportation between Seattle and for a friend; yes, even for a stranger; with Bellingham Bay was by dugout, run by less hesitation than a city man would lend squaw power. Time required for the trip, his friend a dollar. The pioneer is about a week. Snohomish County had hospitable, honorable, energetic, less than twenty miles of wagon road and enterprising and public-spirited. He is a perhaps ten wagons. The only reliable hero and a gentleman." transportation facilities the Pioneer had were his own broad back, unless Again, Mr. Iverson writes: perchance he owned a canoe and a squaw. Few of the Norse pioneers were owners of "Soon after my arrival I joined a the last named class of transportation. In surveying party and landed at Centerville fact, when speaking of our early Norse (now Stanwood). With this survey I went settlers mention of that method might over the greater portion of the altogether have been left out of account. Stillaguamish valley. The country looked But they had the backbone. Those who good to me. I advised a number of my believe that the pioneer is, and must be, as friends to come and take land which they a result of the strenuous life he leads, a did. The advice was good (I could always pure and simple materialist, are in error. advise others better than myself). "

As a matter of fact, Mr. Iverson is credited with being the chief leader in the movement of Scandinavians toward this select section of Snohomish County which followed the survey. Certain it is that he induced scores to locate there and was unusually active in bringing the Stillaguamish valley into public notice. Together with N. P. Leque, Nils Fide and A. Danielson, Mr. Iverson bought the island now known as Leque's Island, diked it and opened farms, which are notable monuments to the foresight, zeal and courage of those men. In 187677, Mr. Iverson and E. C. Ferguson represented Snohomish County in the territorial legislature. As a delegate, the former attended many territorial conventions in those early years, when Washington's political parties were "in the bornin'," and mould was being given to the commonwealth's future career. Olympia became his home in 1882, and there he followed business pursuits successfully until

306 Figure 68. Oliver B. Iverson tombstone at Our Savior Lutheran Church Cemetery, Stanwood, WA. (Photo from Denny DeMeyer collection.) his removal to Whatcom in 1881, where he because I, Columbus-like, lay claim to being engaged in surveying and engineer work for a discoverer, being the first of that tribe, to the government, railroads and the general navigate the waters of the now so famous: public. He pursued his profession as a Stillaguamish. True there were a few citizen of Whatcom until 1891, then took up individuals from Maine and other places his abode in Seattle. During the years 1892 who had somehow stumbled into the and 1893 he served as draughtsman in the country, and some natives who had ,United States Surveyor General's office at "growed" there. This, however, does not Olympia, and in 1891 and 1895 was affect the validity of my claim to discovery superintendent of the Queen City Mining any more than the fact of previous discovery Company. The following two years he affects the validity of the discovery of passed at the old Stanwood home in taking a Christopher Columbus, Esq. much-needed rest. Again, in 1899, Mr. August 3, 1876, an expedition under Iverson entered the Surveyor General's command of Ross P. Shoecraft, United office at Olympia as a draughtsman, and this States deputy. surveyor, left the capital of responsible position he still holds. He is Washington in the sloop Albatross, Captain identified with George H. Thomas Post No. Budlong. A rumor had reached the ear of 5, of which he is commander. the government that up north somewhere a In March, 1866, Maria Danielson became large river with the euphonius name of the wife of Mr. Iverson. To this union Stolucwahmish discharged its turbid waters fourteen children have been born, of whom into Puget Sound, Port Susan Bay or seven are living: Bertha, wife of the late Behring Sea. Peter Leque of Stanwood; Frank, Edward, Commander Shoecraft carried instructions Ida, Anna, Martha and Ella. The family from the government to find this river, home is at Olympia, and there, as in bygone determine latitude and longitude, note years at Sioux Falls, Stanwood, Whatcom topographic, climatic and hydrographic and Seattle, the gallant Norse veteran, conditions, and incidentally to survey and faithful official and pioneer leader is today mark the boundaries of seventy-two square accorded the befitting position to which he miles of land. This being a United States has attained by manly effort and by reason scientific expedition it was of course of his rich endowments of heart and mind. equipped with the usual instruments for such work and with much more than usual talent. In order to make this history fully The following is from the Supplementary intelligible to the reader I take the liberty in Section of: “History of Skagit and the beginning to introduce the personnel of Snohomish Counties.” the expedition and sketch in outline their characteristics and special qualifications. Arlington, Washington, July 4, 1902. Ross P. Shoecraft, from Boston, United States, America, a scientist of eminent FROM A PIONEER'S DIARY executive ability, held the general command. By O. B. Iverson; Professor Washington P. Frazier, of South Bay, Washington, second in command, was Editor Tidings: To fulfill a rash promise a scientist of wonderful attainments. He was made during my Christmas visit to not only an A. C. but an L. L. D., M. D., D. Stanwood I send you an account of the D., Ph. D. or any other combination you discovery of the Stillaguamish by the might fancy to put up. I think he could Norsemen in 1876. I state it this way

307 speak any language spoken by men and streaks like pale streaks of lightning. I some others. He said he could understand pointed out to the company this wonderful the crows, and I have good evidence to phenomenon, and. remarked that it seemed believe that he did. He did understand the to me that we were riding a comet with a natives and I could detect no difference fiery head and tail through a thunderstorm. I between, their speech and that of the crows. was told that if I did not get better before we In short our professor knew and could do passed Steilacoom (where there is an insane about everything anything he did not know asylum) they would have to land me. was something which had long been We landed at Johnson's point for supper. forgotten - he was the most transcendent This promontory with a sand-spit at its foot universal genius that could safely be allowed was inhabited by Dogfish Johnson, an to run at large. James McFadden, a good American by birth, and Kanaka John from engineer and a good fellow. The writer was sunny . Their major and minor selected because of his innocence, having responsibilities were enjoying themselves lately arrived from Dakota and being digging and cooking clams, and rolling in therefore entirely innocent of knowledge of the Sand. Verily life on Puget sound is Pacific coast conditions, hence qualified to idyllic. Here I first made the important give unbiased judgments. discovery that the clam is a sort of sea This completes the official part of the potato and had to be dug. I asked the expedition. There were, however, Tom, professor if the clam was classed as a Sam, Jim, Bud (they may a y have had vegetable, whereupon he remarked that he additional names to me unknown), who will didn't think it advisable to take me past be duly noted as the account progresses. Steilacoom. Anchor lifted at nine A. M. and before a The professor had a tin of alcohol aboard, very light breeze drifted out of the for scientific purposes of course. Jim, 1 picturesque harbor of Olympia. About nine think, had found it in landing and. tapped it P. M. left Olympia harbor and entered and of course divided it among the other Danas passage twelve miles from Olympia unofficials, and before supper there were having sailed at the comfortable speed of none but the officers sober enough to cook. about a mile an hour. We complimented the The professor understood at once whence captain on the speed of the vessel. Through this hilarity. Be said he didn't care for the Danas passage the tide currents ran about six alcohol, as he could replenish at .Seattle, but miles an hour and the light breeze gave he feared it might not agree with the boys, as barely steerage way, without miffing the he had just poured it off of some tarantulas water in the least. It was smooth as glass and centipedes and a gila monster he had and the minutest details of the wooded collected in Arizona, explaining that it had shores were reflected on the glassy surface. not been sufficiently diluted and had To my inexperience it seemed like sailing dissolved his specimens, for which he was through space between two worlds, one of sorry. Well, it did not agree with the boys, them bottom side up. As it grew darker a nor stay with them, and it took along when it phenomenon to me altogether new appeared. left them about all the boys contained. The phosphorescence in the water curling at Afterward the professor told me in the bow and the wake of the boat was confidence that he had bought the alcohol at luminous, and looking into the depths I Maims' drug store just before we left could see fish large .and small darting in Olympia and that the gila monster and other every direction leaving luminous zig-zag

308 reptiles were a myth. He said it was a fine We passed the narrow strait between demonstration of the power of imagination. McNeal and Wallace islands just at sunrise. August 4th, 7 A. M. Fair and delightfully Across the bay, about five miles distant, cool. The cooked provisions used up, we extending from the shore up a gentle slope made the discovery that we had no trained lay Steilacoom, a struggling village of white cook. Jim, who was relieved of his portion houses among the orchards, with of the gila monster first, seemed the most fit, background of a dark purplish green forest and was duly installed with ceremony. Jim of young firs. Back of this fir belt to the meant well but he had no experience or cook Cascade Mountains the country was book. The professor, however, knew shrouded in a fleecy, white mist, pierced by everything and gave Jim a lecture on the great ice cone of Mount Rainier. The slapjacks. He explained that cream tartar, an first rays of the rising sun began to tinge the acid, and soda, an alkali, mixed in flour and deep blue into pale amber, illuminating the water would combine and form carbonic outlines of the cone, leaving its broad front acid gases and puff up the flour like a in partial shadow. It seemed very near, sponge. After the stuff was sufficiently details on its face being plainly visible. puffed he was to spoon it into a frypan, heat Presently the margins turned golden, the one side, flap it and heat the other side until shadows purple, the golden flood of light done. With these instructions Jim waded in. rolling down the slope, dissipating the mist, Among the provisions we had some very down the sleepy slope of Steilacoom, over unique bacon. We could never know by the the bay, turning the light ripples on the sense of taste whether it was fish or flesh. It water into all the colors of the prism and all was neither or both. The swine whose the shades these colors can produce, giving a remains had furnished the raw material had picture of such sublimity and beauty as few led a sort of vagabond existence on the sea mortals have beheld, and when the professor shore, living chiefly on sea food, hence the spoke about getting out his colors he was at fish quality. The flesh quality was probably once notified that if he did he would be due to heredity. But there could be no landed at Steilacoom at once. mistaking the fat fried from this bacon. It August 6th, 4 P. M. From the middle of was fish oil pure and simple. To distinguish Port Susan Bay we sighted the spruce it from other fish oils we named it hog-fish covered lowlands near the mouth of the oil, thus adding item No. 1 to the Stillaguamish. Light wind and unfavorable vocabulary. tide delayed us until it was quite dark when We were pretty hungry and Jim's first flap we entered, as we thought, the channel of jack looked pretty good. It was more, it was the river. The weather was sultry with beautiful. A shining golden yellow disk occasional flashes of lightning. We soon turned out of the pan. But, alas, it was not discovered that the current was against us edible. The professor tried and he said it and it being dead calm .we got out and tasted like whale-oil soap. It was not a manned the sweeps to propel the Albatross slapjack, so we named it soapjack. (Item up the stream. It was so dark that we could No. 2.) Poor hungry Bud dolefully not see the low shores, but we could see a remarked that all is not gold that glitters. large snag nearby and it soon became The originality of this remark was highly evident that we were practically stationary. applauded. The professor and McFadden We double-manned the sweeps, still the made some edible slapjacks and we filled snag seemed to stay by us. It was now quite our persons and proceeded on the voyage. dark and losing sight of that spectrous snag,

309 we worked the sweeps with renewed energy. poetic name of Slit-lip Jim, who owned a About this time I think it was Sam who number of shovel-nose canoes and several noticed a peculiar grating, crackling sound squaws. We transferred our freight and coming from the jib stay which was wire. passengers from the Albatross to a duple of The professor undertook to account for it large shovel noses. Pointing their from the fact that there was considerable problematical prows up stream, propelled by electricity in the atmosphere and that it was squaw power, we left the metropolis behind. playing hocus-pocus in the rigging. I said up stream which was not true at that Presently the water left us, and finding our moment, although an hour before it had craft fast on a sand bar we took in the been. This seemed uncanny but from sweeps. The electrical disturbance also previous experience I had become wise subsided and all being tired we went to enough to say nothing about what I thought sleep. of this strange river that chose to defy the August 7th, 7 A. M.—On a sand bar in the law of gravity and flow up stream half of the middle of Davis slough with the mast time. against the telegraph wire which was strung August 7 1876-- About dark we came to across the slough. How much energy we the big jam about six miles up the river. used up on this wire in labor and scare will Here again was something to rivet the never be known, but the electric attention of the innocent from Dakota. The phenomenon was accounted for. river at this point was about one hundred As the boat was safely moored for several yards wide, but the water was out of sight. hours until the return of the tide all the party A mass of trees, logs, stumps and brush and except Captain Budlong started for all imaginable kinds of drift filled the river Centerville (now Stanwood) across the flats. from bank to bank for more than half a mile. After jumping or otherwise crossing several Immense forest giants three hundred 'feet channels we were about half way across the long and ten to nineteen feet in diameter flats, when the professor, who was in the with all the limbs and with roots spreading rear, called lustily for help. Ile had forty feet or more, lying crosswise, disappeared, that is, most of. him had. Only lengthwise and at all angles locked and his intellectual head appeared in the grass. matted together, it seemed that nothing but He explained that he had fallen into a. an earthquake could disturb it. It seemed to blind slough and was stuck. We pulled him be built on the plan of a crow's nest exactly out, together with a quantity of rich gray and knowing that it would now be loam. Soon we came to the river channel inconvenient to take me to Steilacoom I where it forks (Leque's point) and after ventured to ask the professor if he was sure considerable expenditure of voice and wind, that it was not the work of pre-historic Bob Freeman, representing the authorities, crows. He said he was, but it was unfair to came across in a boat and offered us the ask such questions after we got beyond freedom of the city. We accepted and civilization. On shore alongside the jam was embarked with him and about 9 A. M. a narrow trail over which we hauled the August 7, 1876, we took possession of the canoes and carried the baggage. About dark metropolis on the Stillaguamish. We were it commenced to rain and before the portage not entrusted with the keys of the city, I was made we were thoroughly wet. think because there were no locks. However, we got up a shelter and after The problem of transportation we solved the exercise we had making the portage and ultimately by employing a native with the a not especially rich supper, we went to

310 sleep as tired men with good consciences stand and were twisted and matted together and digestions only can. so that it was impossible to get them down August 8th-- Rain. Just above the jam after they were cut. We simply had to cut a the river runs rapid among snags. With the tunnel. It 'took two hours to cut three passengers aboard the canoes are too heavily hundred feet of line. This jungle terminated loaded to navigate this box of water. The in a swamp with about two feet of water and professor took command of the fleet and we two hundred feet more or less of mud. We became land forces. We .had only about bridged across this swamp by piling brush four miles along the bank to go to the next into it and arrived at the foot of a steep hill. jam just above the south slough and by very This hillside was completely covered with strenuous labor we got there before dark. fallen timber and progress on the ground We got aboard the canoes and went a short being impossible we took the chipmunk distance up south slough and made a portage route. Each man carried a pack of fifty across a narrow strip of land between the pounds or more and the exercise we got on slough and the river above the jam (about this aerial ascent was decidedly of the where the G. N. R. R. bridge now is) and strenuous kind. About half way up the hill camped on this point August 8th. Jim slipped and fell, Jim on one side of the August 9th-- River running yellow and log he was walking, and his pack on the too full of drift to navigate - steady other. There he hung about twenty feet from downpour - concluded to wait and let the the ground. The remarks the boys made to river clear some. Only feared that at the rate poor, hungup, helpless Jim were scandalous. the drift was coming the river would jam up Bud said he looked like the decorations on a to its head before the flood went down. mining camp clothes line and suggested that August 10th-- Still raining but less drift he be left until dry. Sam said he looked like in the river. Launched the shovel noses a horse thief in the last act. But Jim being above the jam and proceeded up stream. I cook, we had to have him, and after some am now informed that we are above the maneuvering we got him separated from his influences of the tide and that above this pack and hoisted back on the elevated, and point the Stillaguamish, like any civilized after ten minutes more balancing we arrived river, runs down stream. We had very on terra firma, at the top of the hill. From tangible evidence directly as whole rafts of this point we have a magnificent view of the drift bore down on us and we had to hug the valley of the Stillaguamish. Southward bank behind a snag to let it pass. I never saw across a sea of tree tops the view is bounded more tangible evidence. In the afternoon we in the far distance by the horizon to the east arrived at the mouth of the Pilchuck which by the ragged summits and ice fields of the was free of drift and we made harbor. This Cascades, to the west by Puget sound, with is our initial point for the survey. its islands, and the Olympic range, serrated August ll -- Our point of beginning the and snow streaked, with the bald head of survey is near the mouth of the Pilchuck. Olympus towering above Mount Constance, During the night we had just enough clear Three Brothers and other monarchs of the sky to get a pole star observation and we range, and in line of the straits the limitless established a meridian about fifty feet long expanse of the Pacific Ocean. This view is into a crab apple jungle. Next morning we not a picture, it is a panorama. This I got some good exercise cutting through it. ventured to remark at the time, and for once Crab apple is hard and tough and the trees the professor agreed with me. were growing about as thick as they could

311 To the west the view terminated at the nearly solid wall of virgin forest. Not the Hezekiah Harris mark of an axe or a foot print of man anywhere. Only forest giants alive and Johnson (1849- dead, erect and prostrate, covered with damp moss, the atmosphere charged with the smell 1923) of decaying wood. It is solitude personified no twitter of bird or chirp of chipmunk only vegetation run riot in the gloom, the walls of From: "An Illustrated History of the giants excluding the rays of the sun from the State of Oregon."xlv, Hines, 1893. struggling undergrowth at their feet. A break in the clouds in the south lets a flood of sunlight across the valley, bringing out details of the foliage in the dark green mass H. H. JOHNSON of fir tops and the lighter green of the County Clerk of the county of Clackamas, deciduous belt of trees along the river giving and a native son of Oregon City, was born the valley a resemblance to a dark green rug July 23, 1849. He is the son of Rev. with a lighter green serpent across it. Here Hezekiah Johnson, a pioneer of 1845. and there the river appears like a broken Hezekiah H. Johnson, our subject, was the thread of silver. On the side hill just youngest child of the family, and he was described we found croppings of coal, a raised and educated in his native city. He brown lignite. Later we tried it for fuel. It engaged in different occupations as he was made some fire and much smell. It is growing up, and received the appointment of probably of no value except as an indication Deputy United States Surveyor. He served that we are in the coal measures. in this capacity for eight years, and during To continue Mr. Iverson's highly that time was engaged in Idaho establishing humorous and interesting account of the lines for the Government. In 1888 he was further experiences of this pioneer surveying elected County Clerk, and gave such party is foreign to the purpose of our work. satisfaction that he received a re-election in The great significance of his "discovery of 1890, and is now serving his second term in the Stillaguamish" -consists in the fact that a highly satisfactory manner. while engaged on this survey he became He was married, in 1886, to Miss impressed with the possibilities of the Josephine Day, of Ohio, and the daughter of country . His faith in it and the advertising Mr. Absalom Day. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson he gave it among his friends and had one daughter, Violet Olive, born in countrymen soon led to the settlement of Oregon City. Mrs. Johnson died in 1899, large numbers of Norsemen in the valley, and her husband has had the sympathy of the and the ultimate development of its natural whole community. Not only did they resources to a degree which would have sympathize with him, but they felt that they been impossible without the presence of all had lost a true and faithful friend in the those industrious and thrifty Scandinavian- death of Mrs. Johnson. Americans. Mr. Johnson is a Republican and a man of excellent reputation. He is proud of having been born in Oregon City, and he is one of her sons, of whom she may well feel proud.

312 Manners of the Indian Six Nations" which appeared in the "Transactions of the Philosophic Society." His son, Sir John Jasper W. Johnson Johnson, was the grandfather of William Johnson, and the great-grandfather of the (1837-….) subject. Hezekiah Johnson, was the first Baptist missionary on the Pacific Coast, and he made his advent into the west in 1843, From: “,”xlvi by three years prior to the coming of his Hiram French, Vol. II, 1914. brother. Jasper Johnson, who is the father of the subject, was born in Indiana, and he Miles S. Johnson, one of the leading came with his father, William Johnson, to attorneys in Lewiston, Idaho, was born in the state of Oregon in 1846. Jasper Johnson Portland, Oregon, on the 2nd day of July, was ever a man of considerable prominence 1871, and he is the son of Jasper W. and in Oregon in political circles, and he served Mary E. (Post) Johnson, natives of Indiana as national secretary of the liberal and Connecticut, respectively. Both parents Republican convention in St. Louis in 1872. are sprung from most interesting families, He was a lawyer of ability and strength, and and a brief outline of their ancestry is county judge of Pitkin County for many consistent with the spirit of this work, years, in Colorado. He was the author of the although such must of necessity be brief. History of Masonry and its Bearing on Jasper W. Johnson, the father of the Religion, and makes his home now at subject, is descended directly from Sir Denver, Colorado, where he is occupied as William Johnson, who was born at an instructor in Masonry. He was born Warrentown, County Down, Ireland, in October 31, 1837. As has been mentioned 1715, and died near Johnstown, New York, previously, he married Mary E. Post, the on July 4, 1774. He was a British granddaughter of John Dennison Post, who commander and magistrate in America, and was born on February 18, 1813, and died on superintendent of the Indian affairs of the October u, 1871. He came to Oregon in colonies. In 1744 he was appointed colonel 1853. He was a graduate of Yale, and was of the Six Nations by Gov. George Clinton, the first president of the first Baptist college and in April, 1755, was appointed by to be established in Oregon in 1853, now General Braddock, superintendent of the located at McMinnville, Oregon. He was an affairs of the Six Nations with the rank of expert mathematician, as well as being major-colonel. He commanded the proficient in other branches. His brother, provincial forces in the attack against Crown William Post, was chaplain of an Illinois Point, and in 1760 he commanded the Indian regiment during the Civil war. The maternal troops in the advance upon . He grandmother of the subject was Luanna received a grant of land in the Mohawk Pierpont. She was born on January 23, valley called "King's Land," where in 1743 1813, and died February 29, 1848, and is he built Fort Johnson, the village then called directly descended from the Pierponts of Johnson, but now Johnstown, and in 1764 America who trace their ancestry back built Johnson Hall. It was he who without a break to the first of the name, Sir introduced blooded and horses into Hugh Pierpont, who in the year 980 was the Mohawk valley, and he was a leader in Lord of Castle Pieerpont in Picardy. The many respects. He published in 1772 a name is like most other names originally paper on "The Languages, Customs and

313 significant; a compound of the French 1898 Mr. Johnson came to Lewiston, Idaho, "pier." stone, and "pont." bridge, every stone and became established in the practice of bridge in the country is nominally a law at this place, where he has gained a wide pierpont, and of all bridges the piers are the prominence as a lawyer of ability, and has most substantial part, and generally support established a constantly growing practice in the rest. The founder of the family in the city and in County. Between America was James Pierpont, who came to the years of 1901 and 1905 Mr. Johnson this country in 1640, buying three hundred served as prosecuting attorney of Nez Perce acres of land in Roxbury,, Massachusetts. County, and from 1905 to 1908 was John Pierpont, the grandfather of John assistant United States attorney for Idaho, Pierpont Morgan, the financier, was a cousin and resigned June, 1908. He was appointed and devoted friend of Governor Pierpont, a special assistant to the Attorney General of who numbered among his ancestors, a king, the United States in 1909. In November, besides a number of dukes and earls. The 1912, he was elected prosecuting attorney of career of the Pierpont family in America has Nez Perce County. been a most noted one, as it was in the old Mr. Johnson is a Knight of Pythias, but days in England and France, and among the has no other fraternal affiliations. He descendants of James Pierpont, the married Miss Sarah G. Swett, and they have American founder of the family, are John two children: Margaret Mary Johnson, and Pierpont, the New England poet, who did so Edward Temple Johnson. much for the cause of American freedom in Mrs. Johnson is prominent in society, and his writings; Judge Edward Pierpont, the is the president of the Twentieth Century statesman; Edward Pierpont, Attorney Club of Lewiston. General to United States and Minister to England, and John Pierpont Morgan, the ^financier. It is a singular fact that every generation since James Pierpont settled in America has produced at least one illustrious man of the name. Edward P. Miles S. Johnson received his early education in the schools of Portland, Kingsbury (1855- Oregon, graduating with the class of 1888 from the Portland high school. He then 1913+) began to read law in his father's office in Colorado, and was admitted to the bar on December 7, 1893, beginning practice at From: “The History of the Puget Sound Aspen, Colorado. He also established an Country”xlvii, 1903. office in Sa]t Lake City, and in 1895 stumped the state of Utah in the interests of HON. EDWARD P. KINGSBURY the Republican party. He was very In the early history of this country no successful in politics as a public speaker, profession was more necessary than that of and was prosperous in his law business as surveying. One can hardly realize the great well. In 1898 he discontinued practice in labor and courage required and dangers Colorado and Utah and returned to Oregon, overcome in classifying and laying out and during the campaign of that year was sections, townships and ranges in the vast very active as a speaker. In the summer of areas of this country, and this is one of the oldest and most venerable professions. In

314 modern times it is also required to clearly his township. He passed away in define boundaries of property. In this November, 1888 in his eighty-sixth year, profession, to which the father of our and his good wife died in 1877, at the age of country also belonged, the Hon. Edward P. sixty-six years. Of their six children only Kingsbury, now United States surveyor two are living, the eldest son of whom, W. general of Washington, occupies a A., is an eminent attorney and a judge of the district court at South Framingham Massachusetts. Edward P. Kingsbury, the son of the above, was born September 25, 1855, in Holhston, Massachusetts. He received his rudimentary education in his native town and later attended Harvard College, graduating in the class of 1879. For several years after graduation he engaged in teaching, and was superintendent of the schools of his town. He first arrived in Washington in June, I889, settling at Centralia, where he engaged in the hardware and grocery business. Mr. Kingsbury has always been prominent in politics and has served in the city council and was elected mayor. In I898 he was chosen a member of the state legislature, and in the following year President McKinley appointed him United States surveyor general for the state of Washington, an office which he at the present time as most creditably filling. Socially he as a member of the Seattle Figure 69. Edward P. Kingsbury. (Photo from 1898 Chapter of the Sons of the American Washington House of Representatives group photos.) Revolution. Wholesouled and popular among his townsmen, he lives a life of honorable activity and one of benefit to his prominent place. city and state. The old English ancestors of this family came to Massachusetts at an early day, and in that state all of the descendants lived and died except our immediate subject. Elijah Abner L. Knowlton Kingsbury, the father of Edward P., was born in 1802, was a carpenter and farmer (1832-….) and lived and died in his native place. His wife was Joanna W. Phipps, and was a daughter of Eli Phipps and traced her ancestry back to Godfrey Phipps, who was From: “History of Butte County, governor of Massachusetts in the early California”xlviii, 1882. colonial days. Mr. Kingsbury was a worthy citizen and held various offices of trust in

315 BNER L KNOWLTON was born in Butler, and was at the battle of Gloucester AWindsor, Hillsboro county, New Point, at the occupation of Bermuda Hampshire, September 1. 1832, and was the Hundred, and the engagement at Drury's son of Gideon Knowlton. He lived at Bluff, called the Frog fight. The regiment Windsor until twenty-two years of age. His was sent to join Grant's forces at Cold early advantages for an education were very Harbor, and took part in the battle of the limited, but, at the age of twenty-four, he Wilderness. From there, his companions went to the New Hampshire Conference were thrown across James River in front of Seminary, supporting himself while there by Petersburg, where they assisted in the siege, sawing wood and teaching. He was there and remained until the winter of 1864. Mr. when the war broke out, and joined the Knowlton was at the battle of the mine. In fourth New Hampshire infantry, and served 1865, he was sent south, under Butler, and four years. His regiment was in Sherman's was at the capture of Fort Fisher, and command at the capture of Hilton Head, in accompanied Terry on his second . He was in the expedition expedition. His regiment joined Sherman on that captured Fernandina, , and was his march from Columbia to Raleigh, being at the battle of Bentonville, in North Carolina. Mr. Knowlton was discharged in the summer of 1865, at Raleigh, and went back home, having gone into the service as private, and come back captain. He opened an office at Concord as civil engineer, and lived there four years. He came west in the employ of the Northern Pacific railroad, as assistant engineer on the preliminary survey between Olympia and Portland. He then settled in Walla Walla, and served there as county surveyor for four years. He then came to Butte county, and was elected county surveyor in 1875, after being in Chico six months. He lost a re-election in 1877 by one vote, but obtained a re-election in 1879. Mr. Knowlton was married in 1866, at Concord, to Mrs. Lizzie E Hoyt, of Fisherville, New Hampshire.

Figure 70. Abner L. Knowlton tombstone at Miami City Cemetery, Miami, Florida. (Photo from Find A Grave Website.) Millard F. Lemon at the siege of Charleston, participating in (1852-1943) the operations of this division into the winter of 1863. From Charleston, his regiment went to Virginia, under the command of

316 From: "Early History of Thurston County, than what the animals could pick up on the Washington;”xlix 1914. (Biography of William ranges. Mr. Lemon lost every one of his Lemon, Millard Lemon’s father.) cattle except one ox. Owing to the hardness of the winter and unexpected rush of WILLIAM LEMON emigration during the year of 1852-3, the crop of potatoes produced by the few William Lemon and his wife were among farmers around Portland was soon used up the pioneers of the Cowlitz River settlement, and the prices for this vegetable soared to and later of Cowlitz Prairie, and their the sky. The elder Lemon thought there experiences in this section were such as to must be a fortune in potatoes, judging from try men’s souls, until land was cleared and the price he was obliged to pay. So when cultivated and neighbors began to arrive. spring came, he took his family and went on The subject of this sketch, William up to the Cowlitz country, took up a piece of Lemon, was born in County, New land, and put it all in potatoes. As everyone York, his parents later going to Michigan else in the country had been possessed with then to Illinois, and still later out to Iowa, the same inspiration, there was almost no where they lived for several years. Here giving this humble vegetable away, and William became a man and was finally prices scarcely paid for the digging. married to a blithe Irish lass. t was while living on this homestead on The young couple, with their, one child, the Cowlitz River that the baby who had caught the emigration fever and decided to come to the Lemon family on the plains cast their fortunes with other emigrants and nearly lost his life in a tragic manner. The go to Oregon, so in 1852 the trip was made little fellow had just begun to toddle and was with ox. When The Dalles was reached, late playing around the door step of his father's in the fall, Mr. Lemon decided to leave his cabin, when an immense eagle circled above considerable number of cattle there to his head, and was just swooping down to winter, and go on down to Portland. Here seize the child, when his father caught sight he expected to find work at his trade of of the bird and shot it. The eagle's body fell carpenter. into the river, but it was a narrow escape, However before the little family reached and one of the mother's favorite tales to her this point, an important event happened. children when they gathered around her Their second child was born. His birth place knee in the gloaming. was beside the Snake River in what is now Becoming dissatisfied with the place on Idaho, but was then comprised within the the river, Mr. Lemon went to Cowlitz Prairie Oregon boundary. His cradle was a box in and took up a donation claim of a half a the wagon bed, his lullaby the rustle of the section of land. Here the family was living wind through the sage brush and grease during the time of the Indian war, seeking wood. His mother told, to the time of her refuge with the other families on this prairie, last illness, how the little fellow cried day in the block house on the Parsons' place. and night, after he was taken into the house, The women and children would stay in the for the rocking of the wagon. That child is block house and the men fare forth during now Millard Lemon of Olympia. the day to till the soil and gather in the When spring came, Mr. Lemon went back crops, returning to spend the night with their to The Dalles to round up his cattle. The families within the safety of the block house winter had been a hard one and in common enclosure. with many other emigrants, who had hoped their cattle would winter without other feed

317 Mr. Millard Lemon has in his possession 1890. Mrs. Lemon lived on in the old home to this day the gun which his father used to for another seven years, and then she joined put over his shoulder when it was his turn to her husband. stand guard, and to protect himself with To Mr. and Mrs. Lemon were born seven while tilling the land. This was the same children: Thomas, Millard, Frances, Marion, gun that ended the life of the eagle I have Alice, Edwin and Ida. Millard and Ida are told about. the only ones of the family still living. Ida Mr. Lemon, senior, in after years, is now Mrs. Mann, and lives in the family received the pension awarded Indian war home. A granddaughter, child of Alice, veterans. At this time the Cowlitz Prairie Mrs. C. Goldstein, who is now Mrs. Garrett, was principally settled with French has lived in Olympia the past few years, Canadians, servants of the Hudson Bay formerly making her home in Seattle. Company, and a class of people who cared The lad, Millard, studied out of the same but little for educational advantages, so the reader with Fred Guyot, and sat on the same mother insisted that the family must go bench in the little old log school house with somewhere that the children could go to the little girl who afterwards became Mrs. school. Charles Talcott, the first wife of one of Claquato, the county seat of Lewis Olympia's pioneer jewelers. While a student County, was selected. Here, for four years, at the State at Salem, the Lemon children were taught by Miss Millard Lemon had as classmates, Stephen J. Peebles, one of the Mercer girls, and who Chadwick, now Judge of the Supreme Court afterwards became Mrs. A. Mclntosh, of of Washington; C. S. ( )wick, Judge of the Seattle. Millard Lemon gives this lady a just Supreme Court, and G. S. Rienhart, who has due of praise, by affirming that she was the been clerk of the same court since best teacher he ever had, and as he is a Washington became a State, and the late college graduate, he must have had many Frank M. McCully, who was Deputy and good ones, too. Superintendent of Public Instruction of While residing on Cowlitz Prairie and Washington at the time of his death, in Claquato, Mrs. Lemon made many visits to Olympia, in 1907. friends in Olympia, and Millard Lemon's In 1876, Millard entered De Pauw early recollections include chasing the cows University at Green Castle, Indiana, from over what is now Capitol Park, but was then which institution he graduated in 1880, only a wilderness of fallen logs, brush and taking the degree of A. B. Afterwards stumps. His companion in his boyhood hetook a classical course and secured his days, and favorite chum, was Fred Guyot, degree of A. M. from the California State then a lad of about nine years, and in Mr. University. Following his graduation, Mr. Lemon's own words, "as fine a lad as ever Lemon had a varied career. lived." Through the suggestion of Bishop Taylor, In 1874, the Lemon family went to live in he went to Santiago, Chile, and was one of Los Angeles, California. But after spending the founders of Santiago College, where he several years in that place, decided to return was head of the boys department. Mr. to Washington. Olympia was selected as the Lemon's stay with this college lasted two place of residence this time, and here Mr. years. and Mrs. Lemon built the house on Eighth At the expiration of this period, Mr. Street that was the family home for years, Lemon engaged in railroad engineering in and where life ended for Mr. Lemon, in

318 the State of Chile, continuing in this work The very circumstances of Mr. Lemon’s for the following six years. birth had something of the true pioneer Returning to the United States in 1888, quality. He was born on September 6, 1852, Mr. Lemon sojourned long enough at Long in a covered wagon which was part of a train Beach, California, to become united in crossing the plains and mountains of the marriage to his boyhood's sweetheart, continent bound for California and Oregon. Marabelle Cook. The young couple then His parents were William Lemon, descended came to Olympia to visit Millard's father and of an old French family early established in mother. The business prospects of the America, and Bridget (Patrick) Lemon, of Capitol City were bright, so they decided to Irish descent. They were headed for make this city their home. California and gold at the time their son was Mr. Lemon has been successful in born. It happened, however, that there was financial affairs and is today rated as one of only one doctor, Dr. Nathan Millard, with the most solidly successful business men, the wagon train, and he was going to not only in Olympia, but the entire State of Oregon. For the mother’s comfort during Washington; a man who takes pride in the the forthcoming childbirth and for the description, "His word is as good as his baby’s sake they altered their plans, and bond." when the fork in the trail was reached, went Three children brighten the Lemon northward with the doctor to the Oregon home, Edith, Mildred and Gerry. territory. Millard Lemon was endowed at birth with health and a strong constitution, but due to From: “American Biography, A New the alkali taste in milk and butter from cows Encyclopedia,”l Vol. XLVII, 1932. in train, the mother obtained a repugnance for milk and butter which was carried to LEMON, MILLARD, Man of Affairs baby in pre-natal form. For weeks and During the years of a long and active career, months after his first arrival in the world he Millard Lemon has witnessed the had to travel across the sagebrush prairies development of the Pacific States from the and through the alkali dust, where the only rough, sparsely-settled territories which he water to be had for the cattle was tainted knew in childhood to the thriving with alkali. This not only had an Commonwealths of the present day. An unfortunate effect upon his health, but engineer by training, he has been privileged created a lasting distaste for milk and milk from young manhood to devote himself to products, so that as a growing lad he could constructive projects, and with the passing never bring himself to eat these foods. On years, as his interests and activities have the other hand he became very fond of broadened, he has still retained the builder’s fruits, and his first apple was a great joy. viewpoint, creating institutions and Fresh fruits were something of a rarity then, enterprises of lasting value where none and dried fruits were the usual thing. Mr. existed before. Mr. Lemon is one of the Lemon’s love for the outdoor life most distinguished of Washington’s men of undoubtedly arose in part from his desire to affairs, a financier, philanthropist and civic obtain the fruits he loved in all their builder whose efforts have contributed freshness and perfection of flavor. decisively to the State s progress. They reached the end of the long Oregon trail, in the winter of 52, at Portland, Oregon, and the following summer Mr.

319 Lemon’s parents settled at Cowlitz, now in all costs to secure a complete college course, Washington, and here his boyhood years and in 1869 began to teach school at Adna, were spent. The life was rough and hard, an adjoining community. As the result he but it developed self reliance, courage, and was able to save six twenty-dollar gold far-ranging vision in those who built for the pieces for six months teaching, and with this years of the future in seeking their daily money started for Willamette University, at bread. The usual dangers always Salem, Oregon, where he was to become confronting the pioneer had to be faced. one of its earliest students. Some of Mr. One day the baby was playing on the Lemon s schoolmates later became doorstep distinguished figures in the life of the of the cabin, while his father was working Northwest. He studied out of the same in the garden nearby. A large eagle, school book with Fred Guyot, and at Salem wheeling aloft, circled and swooped for the he had as schoolmates, Stephen J. youngster, and only the alertness of the Chadwick, later a supreme court judge, C. S. father in grasping the situation averted Rinehart, who became clerk of the supreme tragedy. He seized his gun, which was court, and the late Frank W. McCulley, who always kept handy in those days, and shot was deputy superintendent of public the eagle as it dropped to strike. Mr. Lemon instruction in Washington at the time of his has that gun to-day as a souvenir of his early death in 1907. escape. During the fall of 1853 the family When he was ready to start for moved to Cowlitz Prairie, taking up a Willamette, Mr. Lemon found the stages donation claim. A few years later, while he were not able to run owing to condition of was playing as a small boy on the banks of a roads during winter season. Accordingly his river with an elder brother, he remembers brother took him on horseback part of the how a man came down to the opposite bank way, making a two-day trip to Monticello, of the stream and called across the news that then by steamer to Portland, and then he had Lincoln had been shot. The progress of the his first train ride to Salem. Arriving at Civil War was followed eagerly in the Salem, where the university was situated, he Northwest country, and Mr. Lemon always stayed part of the time with friends, and hoped he would grow up soon enough to go then, to earn his own way, became janitor of off and join the army. the buildings of the institution. His father Here they made their home while the was very willing to help him, but there was a Indian Wars were in progress. In 1859 they large family and Millard, anxious not to be a moved again, to be near a school for the burden, was resolved to work his way children. This time to Claquato, on Chehalis through school. During one vacation he River, where Millard Lemon, under his assisted the father of the present Judge teacher, gained his first knowledge of Mclntosh to make the first abstract of Pierce algebra, geometry, surveying and various County, Washington. Another summer he other subjects. He was always best in taught school at Centralia, Washington, but mathematics, and this was of considerable finally, in 1874, left the university to join his significance in the light of his subsequent family as they journeyed South to Los career. Angeles by covered wagon. Within a few As he drew nearer to the time when his months he went with his future father-in- life would become his own to make of it law, Dr. Alonzo Gerry Cook, to a place what he could, Mr. Lemon s plans for the some twenty-five miles south of Los future began to take shape. He resolved at Angeles, where the elder man owned one

320 hundred and sixty acres of land. Mr. Lemon period of the war between that country and and his brother plowed forty acres of this Peru. It was a thirty day trip in all. land with two teams, and sowed it with Mr. Lemon remained in South America grain. Their activities here marked the for eight years altogether. For a year he beginnings of the little village which taught school. Then the illness of his brother subsequently became the thriving village, and sister brought him home for a brief visit, now known as Garden Grove. This work, but they had already passed away at his however, was practically the first of a heavy arrival, and so he returned again to Santiago nature which Mr. Lemon had done and it and taught one more year. It was at this proved too much for him. Typhoid fever time that he first began active engineering resulted, and he was unable to see or harvest work, for which he had always had a liking. the crop. As a boy he had been fond of taking Thereafter for a time he attended college measurements by triangulation, and revealed at San Jose, but he was disappointed in the considerable mathematical talent. He made school and soon returned to Los Angeles. It for himself various measuring instruments, was at this period in his life that he decided which, although perhaps crudely shaped, to enter DePauw University. Mr. Lemon were entirely practical in use. During the desired a classical college course at an years which followed, he continued his institution of some standing, and his study of mathematics and engineering minister at Los Angeles, who was a graduate subjects, and being thus qualified, he was of DePauw suggested that he go to that able to accept when American contracting university. As hitherto he determined to rely engineers, building railways for the upon himself, considering that his education government in Chile offered to take him into would be of greater value to him if he did their service. Thus he achieved the second so. During two vacations, accordingly, he of his boyhood ambitions the first having taught school, and for the others acted as a been to secure a good education and at the salesman in Indiana. He entered DePauw in same time acquired the experience in 1876, and was graduated there in 1880 after engineering work which was to be the the completion of requisite studies with the foundation for his later business success. Bachelor of Arts degree, and because of Mr. Lemon began his new duties as character of work added to which was assistant engineer, but not long afterwards it teaching in Santiago College he received the was discovered that the chief engineer was Master of Arts degree, being the only unreliable and given to dissipation, so that student from west of the mountains at the the responsibility devolved upon the young university. assistant. The work on which he was After his graduation from DePauw, upon engaged was a railroad construction project. the suggestion of Bishop Taylor, he made There were two branches to be built, and plans to go to Chile. First he went to one of them was turned over to Mr. Lemon Michigan on a visit to relatives, then he to complete. He carried on the active taught school for a few months, and finally supervision of this task with every success went on to New York. At this time it was for a period of five years, and at the end of mid-winter. Mr. Lemon took passage on a this time was offered a position as State steamer for Panama, crossed the isthmus and resident engineer in Chile. But he was not made his way down the west coast to willing to give up his residence in the United Valparaiso and Santiago, Chile, during the States permanently, and so he resigned to return home to his family and his future

321 wife. During his stay in this new country, experience and his thorough understanding where most men found it natural to smoke of the problems involved to undertake the and drink heavily, Mr. Lemon did not County to recommend him to the builders of participate in these pleasures or vices, and the State, he was kept busy for many years has never regretted it. To do these things locating grades and laying out lines. His would not agree with him physically, and he work took him into Mason, Thurston, Grays has never been able to see that any natural Harbor, Skagit and Kitsap counties, and development of his personality was hindered some of these railroads today have become by their lack. As one of the pioneers in the common carriers over the original grades. development of this South American Mr. Lemon continued his engineering work republic, Mr. Lemon has naturally followed for logging railroads until the year 1910 its progress rather closely, and in 1924, he when the pressure of his business affairs in made a trip through the Panama Canal, the Olympia forced him to give up his first West Indies and Eastern coast of South occupation. This he did with considerable America, with Mrs. Lemon, which was full regret for he had always enjoyed the life of of interest for both of them. the outdoors which railroad building brought On his return to the United States after him, preferring to return to it even after he eight years in South America, Mr. Lemon had been elected city engineer of Olympia, found it necessary to learn conditions and and county engineer in the late 90’s. study people all over again, but he quickly During his years in South America, Mr. picked up the threads of American life. Lemon had sent money home regularly to Within the next few months he was married Dr. Cook, his future father-in-law, for to his boyhood sweetheart, and made a visit investment, and as a consequence, on his with her to his own family at Olympia, return, he owned considerable property in Washington. He decided to take up his timber and prairie lands northwest of permanent residence in this State, and at the Aberdeen. Dr. Cook had also invested in the time of the great Seattle fire in 1889, had same enterprise, later deeding his share to just built his home in that thriving town. Mrs. Lemon, his daughter. There were three Mrs. Lemon s parents, however, were so sections in all. Some years later a strip lonely at the absence of their daughter that through this property was sold by Mr. they prevailed on them to come South to Lemon to the Northern Pacific Railway in Los Angeles. But Mr. Lemon was order to give them a right of way in building thoroughly convinced of the opportunities in their road to Moclips. Since then there has the Northern State, and in April, 1890, he been a regularly operated line over this right and his wife returned to make Olympia their of way, and to-day it is the foundation for home. Those were the boom days of the the continuation being built by the Northern town, when the railroads were building and Pacific and the Union Pacific railways north everything seemed bright. Mr. Lemon s to the Hoh River, and eventually to circle all services as an engineer were much in the wonderfuly rich Olympia peninsula of demand until the panic of 1892 put an abrupt Washington. Other through logging end to the programs of expansion. Shortly railroads which Mr. Lemon originally laid afterwards a Mr. Frank Williamson who was out in the early days on the east side of the a well known logger in Mason County at the peninsula, will play a part in completing the time, requested Mr. Lemon’s aid in building circle. Remaining portions of his large a logging railway there. He was particularly holdings near Aberdeen Mr. Lemon sold for well qualified by his South American equally good purposes.

322 About the year 1892, when he was paying the Pacific Northwest, and their existence is land taxes in several counties, Mr. Lemon due in considerable part to Mr. Lemon’s decided that it would be better to able direction of the enterprise, and his concentrate his investments, and so began willing ness to assume the obligation. the process of disposing of his scattered Other ventures in the city have profited holdings and buying lots in the town of equally through his efforts. He was one of Olympia. He did this for no other specific the builders of the Y. M. C. A. building and reason than that he had come to love the the Presbyterian Church. In 1920 he built a village and had the greatest confidence in its two-story business block and apartment future. Although these were dull times, and house, and a few years later, with several the town was struggling to exist, he did not other prominent men, he organized the hesitate to back his faith in the future of the company to build the New Olympia Hotel, community by long term property one of the newest and finest hostelries on the investments. As he was instrumental Pacific Coast. Mr. Lemon is its principal through friendly cooperation with Northern stockholder, and the owner of the property Pacific Railway officials in locating the on which the building was erected. He was railroad line from Hoquiam to Moclips, also one of the organizers of the Security Washington, so through his efforts and the Trust and Savings Company Bank, an cooperation of his friends, many of important financial institution of the city Olympiads finest business blocks and now located in the Safe Deposit Building. residences were erected. His first large In the year 1926 Mr. Lemon purchased purchase was the Stuart property at the the property at the corner of Washington and corner of Main and Sixth streets, and this Fourth streets for the construction of a bank was followed in 1908 by what was building. At this time, however, Olympia practically his first construction enterprise, badly needed a modern office structure, and the erection of the Safe Deposit Building at so it was decided to erect such a building Fourth and Franklin streets. Here Mr. here. Mr. Lemon took stock in the building Lemon moved the abstract business in which for the value of the lots, with some preferred he was interested, while the main floor was stock, and the bank was moved to this fine leased for the first automobile salesrooms in office building in 1927. Later he bought the the city. In 1910 Mr. Lemon erected the adjoining building and property on Fourth Rex building opposite, to provide a suitable Street for the future extension of the bank theater for the first moving pictures, and this building. Meanwhile, in 1920, Mr. Lemon was the outstanding moving picture house in had taken over the central underground the city for years. In 1914 a group of Seattle steam mains of the city s central heating men undertook to build the Capitol plant, and in 1924 he erected a new concrete Apartments, but when they got into building completely equipped to house two difficulties with their loans, Mr. Lemon was seventy-five horse-power boilers. Later requested to take over the project. He another three hundred horse-power boiler consented, trading a quarter block at Sixth was added, and in 1928 the whole enterprise and Franklin streets for the builders equity, was sold to the Washington Veneer and assuming all the indebtedness. This was Company. what was known as the South building of the In 1925-26 Mr. Lemon built the Avalon apartments, a north half being added at a Theater at the corner of Fourth and Franklin later date. Today the Capitol Apartments streets, and on Legion Way at Capitol Way, are among the finest modern apartments in he built another one story building of brick,

323 part of which is now leased to the J. C. Wellesley College, Massachusetts, receiving Penny Company. He also built on Fourth Bachelors degree at University of California Street a two story and basement brick and where she taught two years. She has been cement building, entirely occupied by the physical educational teacher, University of Montgomery Ward Company. In 1910, to Washington; taught public schools, San care for the business of his many properties Francisco, and at New York University. he organized the Casco Company of which Miss Lemon later decided to take charge and he is the executive head. manage the Capitol Apartments and has just It has been Mr. Lemon s lot to assist in finished the second very successful year; 3. building much of the present city of Millard Gerry, born on November 15, 1895. Olympia. The properties purchased by him While a freshman at University of have always been for legitimate building Washington he volunteered for war service purposes and never for speculation, and and was serving in France when the indeed Mr. Lemon has gone ahead with his Armistice was signed. Returning, he entered work largely because of the necessity to bank and business with his father and is now supply business blocks for the growing carrying on. He married on September 12, demands of the city s commerce. He is 1923, Marion Lucile Troy. proud, of course, to have done what he could to further Olympia’s progress, but he asks no particular credit for his achievements, and modestly explains how impossible they would have been without the use of private loans and, later, of the building and loan associations. The fine friendships and associations he has made through the years Elmer Lenfest count for more in his estimation than all his successes. But other leaders in Olympia life (1864-1938) bear testimony to what he would modestly prefer to leave unsaid, and it is widely li recognized that no other single man has From: “History of Snohomish County” contributed more to the growth and progress of this great city. His has been a career of lmer Lenfest, known throughout honor, achievement and success. Enorthwestern Washington as a civil engineer of marked ability, has continuously In 1888, just after his return from South followed his profession for thirty-seven America, Millard Lemon married at Long years, rendering valuable service to both the Beach, California, Marabelle Cook, town and county of Snohomish, and his daughter of Alonzo Gerry Cook. They success is doubly creditable because it has became the parents of three children: 1. been achieved through the exercise of self- Edith B., born on March 12, 1890; graduate denial and the qualities of diligence and Columbia University; entered Seattle perseverance. A son of Eugene and Mary U. Hospital for training in endeavor to give (Blackman) Lenfest; he was born September service in World War, contracted "flu" and 10, 1864, and is a native of Bradley, Maine. died, January 6, 1919; 2. Mildred, born on His parents came to the Pacific coast in 1889 March 2, 1893; graduate of Olympia High and settled in Snohomish, Washington. The School, Claremont College, California; father followed the occupation of farming

324 for many years and is now enjoying a well Mrs. Lenfest reside on the Ferguson earned rest. homestead of thirty-two acres and the farm Elmer Lenfest attended the public schools is operated by their son, Norman F. Mr. of his native state and afterward entered the Lenfest belongs to the Knights of Pythias State College of Maine, from which he was and has been connected with the graduated in 1886 with the degree of Civil organization since 1888. He is also a Mason Engineer. He engaged in teaching until the and his political support is given to the spring of 1887 and then journeyed westward republican party. Experience and. study to St. Paul, Minnesota. He went from that have broadened his knowledge and ripened state to Montana and in 1888 came to his ability and his talents have been used to Washington, locating in Snohomish. He further the progress of the northwest. In the was employed by Blackman Brothers for a course of a long and useful career Mr. few months and in the spring of 1889 Lenfest has made many friends and the opened an office as a consulting engineer, years have served to strengthen his hold practicing in partnership with H. P. Niles. upon their affections, for he is a man whom In 1890 Mr. Lenfest was elected county to know is to esteem and admire. surveyor and filled the position for two years. He was county engineer from 1904 until 1908, and as city engineer of Snohomish had charge of most of the street improvements. The prestige which he won in these offices has brought him a large clientele and his services have been sought Addison Alexander by a number of important lumber corporations. He has constructed many Lindsley (1848-….) miles of railroad, for logging operations and is a recognized expert in his line of work. In 1891 Mr. Lenfest married Miss Sylvia From: “South-Western Ferguson, a daughter of Emory C. and Washington.”lii Gertrude (Morgan) Ferguson and of pioneer stock. Her father was born in New York and A. A. Lindsley, State Treasurer, was born went to California in the early days. He in Port Waukesha, Wisconsin, in 1848. His migrated to Washington, locating in father was a Presbyterian minister, and with Olympia, and later came to Snohomish his family removed to West Chester County, County. He entered a homestead and also New York, while the subject of this sketch preempted land, becoming the owner of the was an infant. Young Lindsley attended present site of Snohomish. He opened the school there until he was nineteen years of first store in Snohomish and was chiefly age, when with his parents he came, out to responsible for its development, becoming Portland, Oregon, where he attended school known as the father of the town. He held at Forest Grove Pacific University, several county offices and served in the graduating in 1870 with the degree of territorial assembly, acting as speaker of the bachelor of arts. He then started out in life house for many years. He was a remarkable in civil engineering and surveying for the man in many respects and left the impress of Northern Pacific railroad, and for the United his individuality in notable measure upon States government, being thus engaged for the history of the commonwealth. Mr. and four years. In 1874 he went to San

325 Francisco, where in 1880 and 1881 he held A. A. Lindsley pursued his education in the office of city and county surveyor. For the private schools of the state of New York three years prior to that time he had been and at the Pacific University, from which he engaged in the coal business and various was graduated in 1870 on the completion of other pursuits. In 1882 he came to Clark the classical course whereby he won the county, purchased a farm, and has devoted Bachelor of Arts degree. Although a native his attention to agriculture ever since, of the middle west, he became a resident of having, in connection with his brother, large South Salem, New York, in 1851, and after farming interests at Union Ridge, Clark living on the Atlantic coast for seventeen county, which has heretofore been his place years, came to Portland, Oregon, in 1868. of residence. In 1885-6 Mr. Lindsley was a Here he resumed his interrupted simile, and member of the territorial legislature, and as previously stated was graduated at Forest was a delegate to the constitutional Grove. For three years thereafter he was convention of 1889. In October of the same engaged in engineering for the Northern year, he was elected to the office of State Pacific Railroad and in surveying the Treasurer, a position which he is in every Puyallup and Indian reservations for way eminently qualified to occupy. Mr. the United States government. From 1873 Lindsley is a single man, which will be until 1879 he was engaged in business in excused by a majority of the readers of this San Francisco, California, and in the latter volume when they are told that he is a year entered upon the duties of city and staunch Republican, representing the most county surveyor at San Francisco, holding progressive element in his party. that position until 1881, and also serving as a member of the board of election From: “City of Portland” commissioners. In the latter year he made Figure 71. Addison A. Lindsley. his way northward to Clarke County, Upon the pages of the history of the Washington, where he engaged in farming northwest, in its political progress, in its and dairying until 1889. He helped to material development and its commercial organize and was elected first president of activity, the name of Addison Alexander the Washington Dairymen's Association. Lindsley is written large. He became a While agricultural affairs claimed the resident of in 1868 and although through the greater part of his time and attention he also intervening years he has resided n other became actively interested in politics and districts, the city now claims him as one of was accorded a position of local leadership its enterprising men, closely connected with in the ranks of the republican party. His the subsidiary interests of the lumber service as a member of the territorial industry in the northwest. He was born in legislature in 1885 and 1886 brought him Waukesha, Wisconsin, December 16, 1848, prominently into public notice and in 1889 a son of Aaron Ladner and Julia (West) he was chosen to represent his district in the Lindsley, the former a minister of the constitutional convention which framed the Presbyterian church, while Mrs. Lindsley organic law of the state. The same year he was of old Knickerbocker stock. His first was elected State Treasurer of Washington paternal ancestor in America was a and was at the head of the financial Cromwellian, who fled from England at the department of the state until 1893. time of the restoration. One of his paternal Following the selection of his successor he ancestors was wounded at the battle of served as deputy in the state treasurer's Monmouth in the Revolutionary war. office until 1897, and the following year

326 Yukon Gold Company. In 1906 he became one of the organizers of The Lindsley Wright Company of which he is now the president. This company was formed to handle cedar poles, posts and piling and is conducting an extensive business, its trade constantly increasing. On the 30th of April, 1901, Mr. Lindsley was married in Olympia, Washington, to Miss Marion Patton, a daughter of John M. Patton, a Civil war veteran and postoffice inspector who invented the system of railway mail distribution now in general use. Mr. Lindsley is the treasurer of the Oregon Society of the Sons of the American Revolution and also belongs to the Presbyterian church. His understanding of the conditions of the times, his realization of the value of opportunity and his carefully formulated plans have enabled him to work his way upward in business lines and at the same time become a potent factor in Figure 73. Addison A. Lindsley tombstone at Riverview Cemetery, Portland, Oregon. (Photo from political circles and in the discussion of Jerry Olson.) significant and vital themes.

Manford Greely Lisher (1851-1914)

F

Figure 72. Addison A. Lindsley gravestone at From: “An Illustrated History of Riverview Cemetery, Portland, Oregon. (Photo from liii Jerry Olson) the State of Washington” came to Portland, where he has since MANFORD G. LISHER, a surveyor of engaged in the real-estate business, Vancouver, was born in McHenry County, managing southern and eastern Oregon Illinois, November 5, 1851, a son of James property in active connections with real- M. and Elizabeth (Porter) Lisher, time estate and irrigation enterprises. He also has former a native of Rhode Island and the mining interests in Alaska, and in that latter of North Carolina. The father was connection made trips to Klondike in 1898, born in 1791, was a farmer by occupation, 1899 and 1900 as superintendent of the and descended from one of the early and

327 influential families of Rhode Island. He died December 31, 1876. “I was born in 1863. My father crossed Manford G., the subject of this sketch, the plains in 1852 and settled in the removed to Northeastern Iowa with his Willamette Valley. He served in the Rogue parents in 1653, where he attended the River war in 1855-56. Mother crossed the public schools, and completed his education plains in 1859, coming straight to Walla in 1870. After studying civil engineering in Walla. Father brought his cattle up from a private school three winters, he began Oregon and located on the Walla Walla work in his profession in Minnesota. Mr. River two and one-half miles from Touchet Lisher was later employed by the Canadian in 1859. He was attracted by the fine Pacific Railroad, under Chief Engineer of pasture land and the stream. Our nearest the Western Extension, A.B. Rogers, an store was at Wallula. Father's timber claim eminent engineer and a graduate of Yale was where the penitentiary now stands. My College. About three years afterward our father was a government surveyor and my subject became assistant to Chief Engineer husband was the city engineer and engineer J.T. Dodge, of the Montana Central for the OWR&N .railroad. Railroad, remaining with that company until Walla Walla River was a much larger 1889; went thence to Portland, Oregon, and stream when we played along its banks in the following year came to Vancouver, the 1860's and 1870's. We had a row boat. Washington. In 1890 he was elected City Our only playmates were two quarter-breed Engineer by the City Council. children. Their father was a white man. I Mr. Lisher was married in Portland, was eight years old before I ever saw a Oregon, June 3, 1891, to Miss Josephine white woman excepting my mother. Southard, a native of Connecticut, and they Father's surveying duties kept him away have one daughter, Lucile J., born April 21, quite a hit of the time, and mother and us 1892. In political matters our subject may children never had a way of traveling, and be classed as an independent Republican. there were Indians prowling around. He takes an active interest in educational We had a one-room log house with lean-to matters, and all public enterprises that have and a loft, reached by a ladder, where the for their purpose the development and boys slept. We cooked in the fireplace. advancement of the city and county meet Mother made the most delicious scones, with his co-operation and support. dropping the dough in a frying pan which she placed in front of the fire. We hung our kettles on a crane. "One of the best meals my mother ever cooked, we had to run away from. It was in the year 1878. Our first new potatoes and Francis F. Loehr peas made part of that dinner which I shall never forget. Father had brought down two (1823-1895) wild ducks that morning and mother dressed them, then made a currant pie. Just as everything was on the table, a man dashed From Recollections of Cora Loehr Clark, up on his horse, shouting, "Three hundred daughter of Francis F. Loehr and wife of Indians on the warpath!" Edwin S. Clark, in “As Told by the "Mother snatched a few trinkets and Pioneers.”liv valuable papers and she and us children

328 joined the procession of settlers on their way to the fort. Father refused to leave his place, but hid the most treasured possessions in the old dug-out which had been his first home. It was overgrown with grass and vines, so he Walter D. Long felt it to be a safe hiding place. We met the soldiers, but no one turned hack. There was (1883-1956) no battle, and in a day or so we returned home, "We were near the old camping ground of From: The Sunday Olympian, the Indians. In the fall they came for choke December 30, 1956. The Obituary cherries and black and red haws. They dried of Walter D. Long. this fruit and from the farmers they bought or begged pumpkins, and stewed them and LONG, Walter D. (d. Dec. 29, 1956) dried the pulp. The Sunday Olympian, Frenchtown was not far away, where Sunday, December 30, 1956, pg 3 many of the French Canadians who were Walter D. Long with the Hudson's Bay Company, had settled with their Indian wives. Walter D. Long, a retired civil engineer, The cattle trail went past our farm and the died in an Olympia hospital early Saturday cowboys always bedded down on some at the age of seventy-four. He came here vacant land near us, so they could be near from Cle Elum in 1914. He was a native of water. They would come to the house and Ashland, Ohio. He is survived by his wife, get milk and other provisions. One of the Cora; two daughters, Mrs. Dave Greenwood most wonderful sights of my childhood was and Mrs. Thomas Ness, both of Olympia; a 10,000 head of cattle being driven to sister, Mrs. Bertha Quell, Portland, and Cheyenne. seven grandchildren. The funeral service Father drove his ox team to Wallula for will be held in Mills and Mills' chapel this provisions. He always bought in quantities. Monday afternoon, starting at three o'clock. He bought calico and domestics by the bolt; Bishop Lyman Nielson of the Church of coffee, tea and sugar and other necessities in Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, will large quantities. One time he drove the ox conduct the service. team to Wallula and "fast freight" had just been unloaded from a boat. It had to be in Walla Walla by sundown. Freighters had horse teams at that time and they refused to take it, as it was a 32 mile drive with a heavy load. Father agreed to do it, and left John J. Lowell Wallula at 4 o'clock in the morning. That evening, just as the sunset gun was fired at (1823-1856) the fort, he pulled into Walla Walla with the load of freight. "We had no school when I was a child and From: The Olympia Pioneer never any church services, Sunday school, Democrat, April 4, 1856, Obituary or anything of the kind." of John J. Lowell.

329 Death of J. J. Lowell.--Mr. John J. Lowell, late in the employ of government as vi expressman for the U. S. army, stationed in “An Historical and Biographical Study of the Descendents of Thomas F. Berry, 1819-1866, by this territory, was drowned in attempting to Lawrence W. Berry, October 20, 1960.”, swim White River, on his way from Ft. http://www.museum.bmi.net/Pioneer%20Trails/Be Slaughter, via Ft. Hays, to Ft. Steilacoom, rry%20Story.htm on Tuesday the 1st inst. His body was found vii on a bar, between three and four miles “An Illustrated History of North Idaho.” below where he attempted to cross, by Lt. Embracing Nez Perce, Idaho, Latah, Kootenai and Shoshone counties, state of Idaho. Western Blankenship, Co. C., and a detail of 20 men. Historical Pub. Co., 1903 His body will be brought to Olympia for internment. viii Snowden, Clinton A., “History of Washington”: Mr. Lowell was accompanied by Mr. the rise and progress of an American state/ by Hanson Tilton, bearing an express from Maj. Clinton A. Snowden; advisory editors, Cornelius H. Hanford, Miles C. Moore, William D. Tyler, Stephen Garnett, in the field, to Col. Casey at Ft. J. Chadwick: New York: Century History Co., Steilacoom, who, seeing the perilous 1909-1911. situation of Mr. Lowell, abandoned his seat in his saddle, as his own horse was sinking, ix “An Illustrated History of Klickitat, Yakima and securing the animal by the tail, was, by and Kittitas Counties”, with an outline of the early this means, towed ashore, and arrived safely history of the State of Washington: Interstate at Steilacoom. Publishing Company, 1904. x Evans, Elwood, “History of the Pacific Northwest: Oregon and Washington”: Portland, OR..: North Pacific History Co. ; San Francisco : i Hines, H. K. (Harvey Kimball), 1828-1902, “An Press of H. S. Crocker & Co., 1889.

Illustrated History of the State of Washington”: xi containing a history of the State of Washington from Hunt, Herbert. “Washington, West of the the earliest period of its discovery to the present time, Cascades”; historical and descriptive; the pioneers; together with glimpses of its auspicious future, by Herbert Hunt and Floyd C. Kaylor: Chicago, illustrations and full page portraits of some of its Seattle, The S. J. Clarke Pub. Co. 1917. eminent men and biographical mention of many of its xii pioneers and prominent citizens of today: Chicago: Roth, Lottie Roeder, “History of Whatcom Lewis Publishing Co. 1893. County,” Vol. 2, 1926. xiii “History of the counties of McKean, , ii Hunt, Herbert. “Washington, West of the Cameron and Potter, Pennsylvania”: with Cascades”; historical and descriptive; the pioneers; biographical selections, including their early by Herbert Hunt and Floyd C. Kaylor: Chicago, settlement and development, a description of the Seattle, The S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., 1917. historic and interesting localities, sketches of their cities, towns and villages, portraits of prominent men, iii From: “Boom Town Tales and Historic iii biographies of representative citizens, outline history People” , by Keith Whiting. of Pennsylvania, statistics. Chicago: J. H. Beers & http://www.ghosttownsusa.com/index.htm Co., 1890, page 1145.

xiv iv Bagley, Clarence, “History of Seattle from the “Idaho Historical Society, Reference Series: th earliest settlement to the present time.” Chicago, Publications”: – 450 N. 4 Street, Boise ID 83702 the S. J. Clarke Publishing Company, 1916. xv Gaston, Joseph, “Portland, Oregon, Its History v Olson, Jerry C. “David D. Clarke, Narratives of and Builders”, In Connection with the Antecedent a Surveyor and Engineer in the Pacific Northwest, Explorations, Discoveries, and Movements of the 1864-1920.”, 1995. Pioneers that Selected the Site for the Great City of

330 the Pacific. Illustrated: Chicago – Portland, S; J. xxvii He applied for his passport in December of Clarke Publishing Co., 1911 1904. xvi Much of this biography is based on materials xxviii Who’s Who in the Pacific Southwest: a owned by the Oregon Historical Society under the compilation of authentic biographical sketches of “Justin Chenoweth Collection” and also material citizens of Southern California and Arizona. Los collected by Jerry Olson over the last 30 years from Angeles: Times Mirror Print. And Binding House, various sources. 1913, 406 pgs. xvii “Told by the Pioneers,” Tales of frontier life as xxix Steele, Richard F., “An Illustrated History of told by those who remember the days of the Territory Stevens, Ferry, Okanogan and Chelan Counties, and early statehood of Washington. W. P. A. State of Washington”: Spokane, Washington: Sponsored Federal Project No. 5841, 1938. Western Historical Publishing Co., 1904. xviii “Portrait and Biographical Record of xxx Hanford, C. H. (Cornelius Holgate), 1849-1926, Portland and Vicinity”: Oregon, Chicago: “Seattle and environs, 1852-1924”: Chicago, Pioneer Chapman Pub. Co., 1903. Historical Pub. Co., 1924 xix “History of Early Pioneer Families of Hood xxxi Lossing, Benson J., “Pictorial Field-Book of River Oregon.” Hood River Pioneer Association, the War of 1812.” Harper & Brothers, Publishers, 1900-1951. Franklin Square, New York, 1868. xx Created by: Eileen, Record added: Feb 04, 2009, xxxii “, Vol. IX”, Joel Find A Grave Memorial# 33556916. Munsell’s Sons, Publishers, Albany, N. Y., 1894. xxi “Clark County Pioneers, a Centennial xxxiii William Bender Wilson, “General Salute”, Clark County Genealogical Society, Superintendents of the Pennsylvania Railroad Vancouver, WA, 1989. Division”., The Kensington Press, Philadelphia, 1900. xxii “An Illustrated History of Umatilla County by Colonel William Parsons and of Morrow xxxiv Gaston, Joseph: “The Centennial History of County by W. S. Shiach” with a brief outline of the Oregon, 1811-1912”, Chicago: S. J. Clarke, 1912. early history of the State of Oregon. W. H. Lever, Publisher, 1902. xxxv Bancroft, Hubert Howe. “History of xxiii xxiii Washington, Idaho, and Montana,” 1845-1889, Alley, B. F. and Munro-Fraser, J. P.: The History Company, Publishers, San Francisco, "History of Clarke County, Washington” 1890. Territory: compiled from the most authentic sources; also biographical sketches of its pioneers xxxvi “Portrait and Biographical Record of and prominent citizens." Portland, OR.: Washington Publishing Co., 1885. Portland and Vicinity”: Oregon, Chicago: Chapman Pub. Co., 1903. xxiv “Progressive Men of Western Colorado”, xxxvii Rev. Jonathan Edwards, “An Illustrated Illustrated, A. W. Bowen Co. Chicago, 1905. History of Spokane County”; W. H. Lever Publisher, 1900 xxv “Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana 2” (1896), pp 241-251. xxxviii Who’s Who in the Pacific Southwest: a compilation of authentic biographical sketches of xxvi Olson, Jerry C., “David D. Clarke, Narratives citizens of Southern California and Arizona. Los of a Surveyor and Engineer in the Pacific Angeles: Times Mirror Print. And Binding House, Northwest, 1864-1920.”, 1995. 1913, 406 pgs.

331 xxxix Hines, H. K. (Harvey Kimball), 1828-1902, xlviii From: “History of Butte County, “An Illustrated History of the State of Washington”: containing a history of the State of California”: From its Sparsest Settlement to the Washington from the earliest period of its discovery Present Time” – Vol. 11- Harry L Welts &W.L to the present time, together with glimpses of its Chambers - 547 Clay Street, San Francisco, Cal, auspicious future, illustrations and full page portraits 1882. of some of its eminent men and biographical mention of many of its pioneers and prominent citizens of today: Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co. 1893. xlix Blankenship, Mrs. George E. (Georgiana), "Early History of Thurston County, xl Exploration of the Yukon River in 1883 Washington;” Together with Biographies and by , Journal of the Reminiscences of those Identified with Pioneer Days, American Geographical Society of New York, Olympia, Washington, 1914, p. 182. Vol. 16, (1884), pp. 345-382. (article consists l of 38 pages), Published by: American “American Biography, A New Encyclopedia,” Geographical Society Vol. XLVII, American Historical Society, New York, 1931. xli Preferred Citation: Jared S. Hurd li Whitfield, William, “History of Snohomish Letters. Western Americana Collection, County, Washington”: Chicago: Pioneer Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Publishing Co., 1926. Library, Yale University lii lii Miller, Wallace J.: South-western Washington: Olympia, WA., Pacific Publishing Co., 1890. xlii Rev. Jonathan Edwards, “An Illustrated History of Spokane County”; W. H. Lever lii Miller, Wallace J.: South-western Washington: Publisher, 1900 Olympia, WA., Pacific Publishing Co., 1890. xliii Hunt, Herbert. “Washington, West of the liii Hines, H. K. (Harvey Kimball), 1828-1902, “An Cascades”; historical and descriptive; the pioneers; Illustrated History of the State of Washington”: by Herbert Hunt and Floyd C. Kaylor: Chicago, containing a history of the State of Washington from Seattle, The S. J. Clarke Pub. Co., 1917. the earliest period of its discovery to the present time, together with glimpses of its auspicious future, xliv “An Illustrated History ot Skagit and illustrations and full page portraits of some of its Snohomish Counties, Washington.”, Chicago, Ill., eminent men and biographical mention of many of its Interstate Publishing Co., 1906. pioneers and prominent citizens of today: Chicago: Lewis Publishing Co. 1893. xlv Hines, H. K. (Harvey Kimbal), 1828-1902, “An liv “Told by the Pioneers,” Tales of frontier life as Illustrated History of the State of Oregon” Lewis told by those who remember the days of the Territory Publishing Co., Chicago, 1893. and early statehood of Washington. W. P. A. Sponsored Federal Project No. 5841, 1938. xlvi French, Hiram T., “History of Idaho, Volume II,” Illustrated, The Lewis Publishing Company, Chicago and New York, 1914. xlvii Prosser, William Farrand, “A History of the Puget Sound Country:” Its resources, its commerce and its people; with some reference to discoveries and explorations in from the time of Christopher Columbus down to that of in 1792…/: New York; Chicago: Lewis Pub. Co, 1903.

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