SARS-Cov-2 Report 15 December 2020 Contents

José Luis Pires SARS-Cov-2 Report 15 December 2020 Contents

SARS-Cov-2 ➢ Vaccines and Products to treat COVID-19 with EUA in the United States ➢ Confirmed cases by Country ➢ Deaths by Country ➢ Total confirmed Covid-19 cases and deaths per million people ➢ Daily new confirmed Covid-19 cases and deaths per million people ➢ Number of COVID-19 cases reported weekly by WHO region ➢ Portugal ▪ Cases, Deaths and Projections – per week ➢ Ireland ▪ Cases, Deaths and Projections – per week ➢ New Jersey/US ▪ Cases, Deaths and Projections – per week ➢ Recent News

US 16,519,628 India 9,906,165 Brazil 6,927,145 Russia 2,682,866 France 2,433,859 UK 1,874,867 Turkey 1,866,345 Italy 1,855,737 Spain 1,751,884 Argentina 1,503,222 Germany 1,360,062 Netherlands 632,085 Belgium 609,211 Canada 472,820 Philippines 451,839 Morocco 400,826 15 Dec 8 Dec 1 Dec 24 Nov 17 Nov 10 Nov 3 Nov 27 Oct 20 Oct 13 Oct Switzerland 384,557 Israel 360,630 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 2020 Portugal 350,938 Austria 327,679 Global Cases 72,926,815 67,701,719 63,347,492 59,219,229 55,074,994 50,913,451 46,909,107 43,539,290 40,403,799 37,841,551 Sweden 320,098 Hungary 285,763 Japan 184,057 Global Recovery 41,339,537 43,623,221 40,624,563 37,954,816 35,386,141 33,289,404 31,382,707 29,223,539 27,706,152 26,301,404 Croatia 177,358 Greece 125,173 Denmark 113,642 Global Deaths 1,623,179 1,547,164 1,470,456 1,397,176 1,327,500 1,263,089 1,206,886 1,160,213 1,118,361 1,081,332 Slovenia 96,745 Lithuania 96,452 China 94,427 Malaysia 84,846 Ireland 76,449 Singapore 58,341 Korea 44,364 Last Updated at 15 December 2020, 10:26 AM Luxembo… 41,900 Norway 41,334 by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering Finland 31,459 at Johns Hopkins University Australia 28,048 Estonia 18,682 https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 Iceland : : 5,564 Thailand 4,246

Source 0 2,000,000 December4,000,000 2020 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000Confidential14,000,000 Hovione © 2020 16,000,0006 18,000,000 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / Covid-19) – Deaths by Country Note: Selected Countries, sorted by # of cases

350,000

300,494 300,000

250,000

200,000 181,835

150,000 143,709 Last Updated at 15 December 2020, 10:26 AM

by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University

100,000

58,391 48,013

64,500 65,011

22,637 18,054 47,410 16,646

50,000 41,041

8,812

7,237

4,648

3,687 3,014 13,570 10,168 6,6596,154 5,649 7,514 2,5572,705 950 2,107 863 4,754 419 2,126 29 600 410 393 461 908 157 28 60 0

Source: https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6

Daily infections vs mortality per million

DEC DEC 2020

13 13

2020 3 DEC DEC 3

(7-day average)

955839e06441

aeb3

11ea

48f8

- https://www.ft.com/content/a26fbf7e

Europe

Source: WHO

Africa Western Pacific South-East Asia

For 1 February 9 Oct Projection - 91 15 Oct Projection - 77 For 1 March 22 Oct Projection – 87 3 Dec Projection – 25 29 Oct Projection – 91 10 Dec Projection - 33 12 Nov Projection – 79 19 Nov Projection – 69 3 Dec Projection – 61 For 1 April 10 Dec Projection - 46 3 Dec Projection – 7 10 Dec Projection - 12 For 1 January 15 Oct Projection - 122 22 Oct Projection - 123 29 Oct Projection – 135 12 Nov Projection – 99 19 Nov Projection – 94 3 Dec Projection – 95 10 Dec Projection - 53 Projection Daily Deaths

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 12 (3-27)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 6 (1-13)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 17 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend 14 Dec 2020 Covid-19 Total Deaths Projections in Portugal 5,649 deaths Projected: 5,377 – 5,565

For 1 February 9 Oct Projection – 7,067 15 Oct Projection – 9,555 For 1 March 22 Oct Projection – 10,817 3 Dec Projection – 10,669 29 Oct Projection – 10,930 10 Dec Projection – 9,156 12 Nov Projection – 11,233 19 Nov Projection – 10,709 For 1 January 3 Dec Projection - 9,540 15 Oct Projection - 6,472 10 Dec Projection – 8,029 22 Oct Projection - 7,652 29 Oct Projection – 7,529 12 Nov Projection – 8,507 19 Nov Projection – 8,238 3 Dec Projection - 6,830 For 1 April 10 Dec Projection – 6,511 3 Dec Projection – 11,105 10 Dec Projection – 9,822 Projection Total Deaths

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 9,822 (7,828-12,358)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 9,382 (7,632-11,474)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 18 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend 14 Dec 2020 2,194 infections Covid-19 Daily Infection Projections in Portugal Projected: 4,644 – 10,074

For 1 February 9 Oct Projection – 4,994 For 1 March 15 Oct Projection – 4,247 3 Dec Projection – 1,974 22 Oct Projection – 5,253 10 Dec Projection – 3,944 29 Oct Projection – 5,404 12 Nov Projection – 7,888 19 Nov Projection – 7,660 3 Dec Projection –4,860 For 1 January 10 Dec Projection – 5,923 For 1 April 15 Oct Projection - 6,777 3 Dec Projection – 666 22 Oct Projection - 7,021 10 Dec Projection – 1,608 29 Oct Projection – 7,516 12 Nov Projection –10,083 19 Nov Projection – 10,381 3 Dec Projection –11,340 10 Dec Projection – 6,595 Projection Daily Infections

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 1,608 (275-3,792)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 918 (137-2,281)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 19 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID 19) – Portugal – New cases per week

Total Cases in Portugal: 350,938 39,082

2020.12.14 37,977

34,983

34,041

27,675

26,270

25,655

18,775

13,247

7,513

5,547

5,316

5,307

5,027

4,594

4,362

3,725

3,621

3,467

2,615

2,513

2,490

2,443

2,299

2,251

2,193

2,171

2,124

1,997

1,877

1,609

1,587

1,528

1,495

1,455

1,434

1,355

1,299

1,205

215 30

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

Average # of Patients stable in the Hospital per week Average # of Patients in the ICU per week

3297 3249

Total Patients in the Hospital: 3,254 3224

3056

522 518 2020.12.14 507

2785 Total Patients in the ICU: 513

2020.12.14 458

2388

395

335

1867

267

245

1356

226

217

1242

1171

199

197

1105

980

162

926

883

828

140

783

130

695

671

114

110

104

591

585

512

497

488

484

462

441

430

428

422

411

409

394

375

351

344

327

325

304

139

10 0

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

Active Cases: 71,012 274,277 Recoveries: 274,277 2020.12.14 220,877

125,066

88,854 81,771 75,008 71,012 55,081 60,026 44,362 48,937 42,104 36,085 25,482 14,315 18,784

Active Cases Recovery Cases

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

Total Deaths: 5,649

2020.12.14 596

536

530

516

485

352

228

210

209

189

176

140

135

105

101

21 21

18 18

0 0

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

5.00%

4.50%

4.00% 14 December 2020 1.61% 3.50%

3.00%

2.50%

2.00%

1.50%

1.00%

0.50%

0.00%

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

New Cases per 100,000 population

622

584

520 513

480 Very High Risk

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

New Cases per 100,000 population

644

625

576 556

530 Very High Risk

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

Total Cases in Lisbon and Tagus Valley: 113,871

2020.12.14

9,524

8,916

8,701

8,579

7,873

7,537

7,387

5,420

4,271

2,897

2,624

2,616

2,272

2,084

1,990

1,934

1,931

1,775

1,769

1,755

1,719

1,650

1,426

1,195

1,188

1,187

1,179

1,031 1,031

993

944

937

875

822

821

787

659

516

418

110 5

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

45000 100%

92% 39,082 90% 40000 88%88% 37,977

34,983 80% 35000 79%79%79%80%78%78% 34,041 75% 70% 30000 68% 67% 65% 27,675 25,655 26,270 60% 57% 25000 55% 52% 52% 51% 49% 50% 47%47%47% 47% 20000 18,775 39% 40% 15000 32% 32%13,247 31% 30% 29% 30% 30% 27% 29% 27% 25%23%9,524 26% 10000 8,916 24%8,701 22% 7,513 8,579 7,5377,873 20% 18% 7,387 17% 18% 5,420 5,3165,307 5,0275,547 4,362 4,594 3,621 3,725 4,271 5000 3,467 2,897 10% 2,299 2,193 2,4432,5132,2512,6152,0842,124 2,1712,490 2,2722,6242,616 1,355 1,426 1,609 1,4551,5871,8771,7191,9311,9971,7551,9341,9901,775 1,6501,528 1,4341,495 1,769 944 937 659 1,031 1,195 993 1,188 1,1871,2998751,205787 821 822 1,0311,179 305 215110 418 516 0 0% 2 Mar 9 Mar 16 23 30 6 Apr 13 Apr20 Apr27 Apr 4 May 11 18 25 1 Jun 8 Jun 15 22 29 6 Jul - 13 Jul 20 Jul 27 Jul 3 Aug 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 5 Oct 12 Oct19 Oct26 Oct 2 Nov 9 Nov 16 23 30 7 Dec - 8 - 15 Mar - Mar - Mar - - 12 - 19 - 26 - 3 - 10 May - May - May - - 7 - 14 Jun - Jun - Jun - 12 jul - 19 - 26 - 2 - 9 Aug - Aug - Aug - Aug - Ssep - Sep - Sep - Sep - - 11 - 18 - 25 - 1 - 8 - 15 Nov - Nov - Nov - - 13 Mar Mar 22 29 5 Apr Apr Apr Apr May May 17 24 31 Jun Jun 21 28 5 Jul Jul Jul Aug Aug 16 23 30 6 Sep 13 20 27 4 Oct Oct Oct Oct Nov Nov Nov 22 29 6 Dec Dec Mar Mar May May May Jun Jun Aug Aug Aug Sep Sep Sep Nov Nov

Portugal LVT %

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

30 November 2020 7 December 2020 14 December 2020

Loures 480

Lisbon 530

For 1 February 9 Oct Projection – 73 For 1 March For 1 April 15 Oct Projection – 54 3 Dec Projection – 19 3 Dec Projection – 13 22 Oct Projection – 77 10 Dec Projection – 22 10 Dec Projection – 4 29 Oct Projection – 92 12 Nov Projection – 26 19 Nov Projection – 29 3 Dec Projection – 13 10 Dec Projection – 52

Projection Daily Deaths

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 4 (1-21)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 4 (1-16)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 31 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend 14 December 2020 2,126 deaths Covid-19 Total Deaths Projections in Ireland Projected: 2,116 – 2,151

For 1 March 3 Dec Projection – 2,929 10 Dec Projection – 4,475 For 1 February For 1 April 9 Oct Projection – 5,064 3 Dec Projection – 2,929 15 Oct Projection – 3,931 10 Dec Projection – 4,800 22 Oct Projection – 5,771 29 Oct Projection – 7,046 12 Nov Projection – 2,841 19 Nov Projection – 2,955 3 Dec Projection – 2,466 10 Dec Projection – 3,424

Projection Total Deaths

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 4,800 (3,547-6,036)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 4,586 (3,276-5,805)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 32 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend 14 December 2020 264 infections Covid-19 Daily Infection Projections in Ireland Projected: 915 – 6,740

For 1 February 9 Oct Projection – 4,923 15 Oct Projection – 3,701 22 Oct Projection – 4,884 For 1 March 29 Oct Projection – 6,027 3 Dec Projection – 4,515 12 Nov Projection – 5,543 10 Dec Projection – 2,946 For 1 April 19 Nov Projection – 7,146 3 Dec Projection – 2,954 3 Dec Projection – 3,882 10 Dec Projection – 859 10 Dec Projection – 8,367

Projection Daily Infections

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 859 (175-5,306)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 814 (103-4,272)

Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID 19) ) – Ireland - New cases per week 7,495

Total Cases in Ireland: 76,449 7,194

2020.12.14

4,940

4,510

4,033

4,011

3,500

3,071

3,043

2,622

2,613

2,379

2,244

2,084

2,050

1,984

1,982

1,830

1,709

1,490

1,314

1,116

921

737

732

707

557

550

527

379

286

249

148

143

127

122

112

65 20

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

Total Cases in Cork: 6,519

2020.12.14 974

870

821

444

391

380

305

296

235

209

203

184

145

135

107

12 12

9 9 9

5 5

0 0 0 0

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

For 1 March 3 Dec Projection – 61 For 1 February 10 Dec Projection - 56 9 Oct Projection – 54 For 1 April 15 Oct Projection – 11 3 Dec Projection – 24 22 Oct Projection – 27 10 Dec Projection - 20 29 Oct Projection – 74 12 Nov Projection – 53 19 Nov Projection – 80 3 Dec Projection – 98 10 Dec Projection - 83

Projection Daily Deaths

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 20 (11-36)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 10 (5-23)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 37 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend 14 December 2020 Covid-19 Total Deaths Projections in New Jersey 15,907 deaths Projected: 17,542 – 17,825

For 1 March For 1 February 3 Dec Projection – 24,900 9 Oct Projection – 18,722 10 Dec Projection – 22,838 15 Oct Projection – 16,670 22 Oct Projection – 17,271 29 Oct Projection – 21,883 12 Nov Projection – 18,228 19 Nov Projection – 21,189 For 1 April 3 Dec Projection – 17,370 3 Dec Projection – 26,165 10 Dec Projection – 20,833 10 Dec Projection – 23,935 Projection Total Deaths

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 26,935 (20,865-26,381)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 23,205 (20,316-25,396)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 38 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend 14 December 2020 Covid-19 Daily Infection Projections in New Jersey 4,798 infections Projected: 3,475 – 17,738

For 1 March 3 Dec Projection – 7,182 For 1 February 10 Dec Projection – 7,849 9 Oct Projection – 7,588 15 Oct Projection – 2,412 22 Oct Projection – 5,315 For 1 April 29 Oct Projection – 8,652 3 Dec Projection – 2,860 12 Nov Projection – 9,741 10 Dec Projection – 3,090 19 Nov Projection – 10,111 3 Dec Projection – 12,607 10 Dec Projection – 12,904

Projection Daily Infections

For 1 April 2021

10 Dec Projection: 3,090 (1,331-4,967)

Rapid Vaccine Rollout: 1,702 (699-3,197)

December 2020 Confidential Hovione © 2020 39 Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation / University of Washington - https://covid19.healthdata.org/portugal?view=daily-deaths&tab=trend Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / COVID 19) ) – New Jersey - New cases per week

Total Cases in New Jersey: 405,448

2020.12.14

33,902

33,142

28,107

26,733

24,783

24,679

24,664

24,278

23,737

17,706

14,966

11,788

11,472

11,161

8,455

7,820

7,802

6,385

6,291

5,426

4,654

3,786

3,719

3,128

2,987

2,717

2,682

2,580

2,576

2,447

2,423

2,261

2,220

2,117

2,040

2,039

1,896

1,816

1,516

92 6

Source: https://covid19.min-saude.pt/ponto-de-situacao-atual-em-portugal/

Coronavirus tracking

The body’s adaptive immune system can learn to recognize new, invading pathogens, such as the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-01221-y

• New Jersey’s coronavirus cases passed 400,000 on Sunday with another 4,170 positive tests reported. An additional 24 people in the state died of illness related to Covid-19, bringing the toll to 15,883, which is the nation’s fifth-highest. The first vaccines in New Jersey will be administered on Tuesday, according to Governor Phil Murphy.

• Ireland’s pace of Covid-19 infections is increasing and a cause for concern, two weeks after the government rolled back a nationwide lockdown, Chief Medical Officer Tony Holohan said. The rolling five-day average of cases is back to more than 300 after declining for weeks, he said. Ireland reported 429 new cases Sunday, “a large number by the standard of recent weeks,” Holohan said.

• FDA panel approves Pfizer vaccine. A panel of outside advisers to the US Food and Drug Administration voted overwhelmingly to recommend emergency-use authorization of a vaccine developed by Pfizer Inc and its German partner, BioNTech SE.

• AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford have published interim data from the UK and Brazil Phase III trials of their Covid-19 vaccine candidate, AZD1222. These results, which were published in a peer-reviewed article in The Lancet, confirmed that AZD1222 was 70.4% effective at preventing symptomatic Covid-19 when results from two different dosing regimens were pooled. The data also showed that AZD1222 was safe and was effective at preventing severe Covid-19 disease.

• Inovio and Advaccine Biopharmaceuticals announced the first dosing of a subject in their Phase II clinical trial of INO-4800, a Covid-19 DNA vaccine candidate, in China. The Phase II clinical trial is independent of the ongoing INNOVATE Phase II/III clinical trial of INO-4800 in the US.

• Moderna announced the first dosing of its Covid-19 vaccine, mRNA-1273, v in adolescent participants aged between 12 and 18 years in its Phase II/III study. The study is being carried out in collaborate with the US Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) and aims to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in younger people.

• Pfizer and BioNTech has been granted a temporary emergency use authorisation for its Covid-19 mRNA vaccine, BNT162b2, by the UK’s MHRA. This is the first approval in the world for a Covid-19 vaccine candidate. In the UK, the first mass vaccination effort has been launched; this positions the UK as the first Western nation to vaccinate its citizens, and marks a significant turning point in the pandemic.

• Chinese vaccine developer Sinovac Life Sciences announced that it has secured $500m in funding from Sino Biopharmaceutical to develop, manufacture, and increase capacity of CoronaVac, its Covid-19 vaccine candidate.

• All Americans who want to get a COVID-19 vaccine should be able to do so by the second quarter of next year, Health and Human Services Alex Azar said.

• Moderna Inc.’s Covid-19 vaccine appears to offer potent protection against coronavirus that will last a minimum of three months and potentially much longer, according to a letter from the researchers who conducted the trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The number of antibodies produced to fight the infection dropped slowly over time, though they remained elevated and started to plateau three months after volunteers received the second injection.

• The World Health Organization said it was considering introducing electronic vaccination certificates, as hopes for an end to the pandemic were boosted after Britain became the first country to approve use of a Covid-19 vaccine.

• Moderna Inc said on Thursday it expects to have between 100 million and 125 million doses of its experimental Covid-19 vaccine available globally in the first quarter of 2021. The company said 85 million to 100 million of those doses would be available in the United States, with 15 million to 25 million available outside the country.

• Moderna announced high efficacy of its mRNA-1273 Covid-19 vaccine candidate in a Phase III study. Interim analysis data indicated a vaccine efficacy of 94.1% as there were 196 cases of Covid-19. As a result, Moderna have requested emergency use authorisation (EUA) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and conditional approval from the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

• Novavax published an update on its Covid-19 vaccine clinical development programme. Its NVX-CoV2373 vaccine is a stable, prefusion protein antigen developed from the genetic sequence of the Covid-19 spike protein and adjuvanted with Novavax’s Matrix-M™. Novavax has enrolled 15,000 participants in a Phase III trial in the UK, while a Phase IIb trial takes place in South Africa. The US and Mexico are also expected to see the start of Phase III trials in the coming weeks.

• The Russian Direct Investment Fund and pharma company Hetero have entered into an agreement to produce more than 100 million doses of Russia’s Sputnik V vaccine per year in India. The partners have agreed to start production of Sputnik V in 2021.

• Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory drug used to treat gout, is due to be tested as a possible treatment for Covid-19 in one the world’s largest clinical trials, reports suggest. The University of Oxford-based RECOVERY trial will be conducted on hospitalised Covid-19 patients and will randomly allot approximately 2,500 patients to be administered with Colchicine.

• Vladimir Putin, the Russian President, has inaugurated a pharmaceutical plant in Siberia to manufacture Covid-19 drugs. Russia has been experiencing a surge in coronavirus cases since September. However, authorities have not imposed national restrictions, but instead are relying on targeted measures in different regions.

• AstraZeneca and the University of Oxford have announced their Covid-19 vaccine candidate AZD1222 was highly effective in preventing Covid-19 in clinical trials conducted in Brazil and the UK. Interim data from the trial showed no hospitalisations or disease progress among participants in the vaccine group. As a result, AstraZeneca plans to immediately prepare global regulatory submissions for conditional or early approval of AZD1222.

• Regeneron Pharmaceuticals has announced that its antibody cocktail casirivimab and imdevimab, also known as REGN-COV2 or REGEN-COV2, has received emergency use authorisation (EUA) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The drugs can be used for treating adults suffering with mild to moderate Covid-19 symptoms and children aged 12 years or over weighing 40kg or more who are at risk of developing severe symptoms.

• Health Canada granted interim authorisation for the use of Eli Lily’s neutralising antibody bamlanivimab (LY-CoV555) for the treatment for adults and children aged 12 years and older who may be suffering from mild to moderate Covid-19 symptoms. The authorisation is based on data from the BLAZE-1 trial, a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled Phase II study which showed reduced viral load and symptom as well as hospitalisation rates.

• EMA’s human medicines committee has started a ‘rolling review’ of data on a vaccine for COVID-19 known as mRNA-1273, which is being developed by Moderna.

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2019%E2%80%9320_Wuhan_coronavirus_outbreak • https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/coronavirus-timeline-how-the-outbreak-unfolded/ • https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 • https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports • https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/news/coronavirus-a-timeline-of-how-the-deadly-outbreak-evolved/ • https://www.cphi-online.com/updated-covid19-pharma-tracker-news082415.html • https://www.dgs.pt/em-destaque.aspx