2514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--SENATE MARCH 9

1645. Also, resolution adopted by the board of elders of YELLOWSTONE BASIN COMPACT the Montcoal Presbyterian Church of :2-d:ontcoal, W. Va., The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter protesting against the favoring of exemption of ministers of from Clyde L. Seavey, representative of the United States the gospel from coming under control of the Social Security in connection with the Yellowstone Basin compact, report­ Act: to the Committee on Ways and Means. ing relative to the progress made pursuant to an act of Con­ 1646. Also, resolution by the Logan County Industrial gress approved August 2, 1937 (50 Stat~ 551), granting con­ Union Council of Logan, W. Va., protesting against any sent of the Congress to the States of Montana and Wyoming amendments to the Wagner Labor Relations Act; to the to negotiate and enter into a compact or agreement for an Committee on Labor. equitable division and apportionment of the waters of the Yellowstone River, and making recommendation in the prem­ ises, which, with the accompanying report, was referred to SENATE the Committee on Indian Affairs. THURSDAY, MARCH 9, 1939 DISPOSITION OF EXECtJTIVE PAPERS The Chaplain, Rev. Z~Barney T. Phlllips, D. D., offered the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate letters from follo~ngprayer: the Archivist of the United States, transmitting, pursuant to law, lists of papers and documents on the files of the Depart­ Almighty and everlasting God, who hatest nothing that ments of the Treasury, the NavY, the Interior, and Agricul­ Thou hast made and dost forgive the sins of all those who ture, United States Civil Service Commission, Veterans' Ad­ are penitent: Create and make in us new and contrite ministration, and the former United States Coal Commission, hearts, that ·we, worthily lamenting our sins and acknowledg­ which are not needed in the conduct of business and have ing our wretchedness, may 9btain of Thee, the God of all no permanent value or historical interest, and requesting mercy, perfect remission and. forgiveness. _And, 0 God, who action looking to their disposition, which, with the accom­ seest that we have no power of ourselves to help ourselves, panying papers, were referred to a Joint Select Committee keep us both outwardly in our bocUes and inwardly in_our on the Disposition of Papers in the Executive Departments souls, that we may be . defended from all adversities which may happen to the body and from all evil thoughts which The VICE-PRESIDENT appointed Mr. BARKLEY an~~. may assault and hurt the soul. Through Jesus Christ our GIBSON members of the committee on the part of the Senate. Lord. Amen. PETITIONS AND 1\IE:MORIALS THE JOURNAL The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate the follow­ On request of Mr. BARKLEY, and by unanimous consent, the ing concurrent resolution of the Legislature of New Jersey, reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Wednesday, which was referred to the Committee on Commerce: March 8, 1939, was dispensed with, and the Journal was Concurrent resolution favoring the construction of a canal across approved. the State of New Jersey MESSAGES FROM THE PRESmENT Whereas there exists a modem system of inside waterways along the Atlantic coast from Florida to New England and thence to the Messages in writing froin the President of the United States Great Lakes, with the exception of through the State of New submitting nominations were communicated to the Senate by Jersey; and . Mr. Hess, one of his secretaries. Whereas in order to complete such system it is necessary that a canal be constructed across this State, which canal would pro­ MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE vide, at the same time, adequate communication by water between A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. the ports and navy yards at New York and Philadelphia and would be of inestimable value in our scheme of nationa.l defense: There­ Chaffee, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House fore be it had passed a bill eg at thiS moment to give which was referred to the Committee on Finance: notice -that on Monday next, immediately following the morning hour, at such time as may not unduly inconvenience Resolution memorializing the Congress of the United States to the Senate, I shall address the senate in support of the blll adjust and regulate the collection of income taxes Whereas the sixteenth amendment to the Federal Constitution which I tendered yesterday repealing the neutrality law, gives to the Congress the power to lay and collect taxes on in­ which bill was referred to the Committee on Foreign Rela­ comes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment tions. among the States, and without regard to any census or enumera- ASSISTANT TO THE StJRGEON GENERAL tion; and · Whereas the Congress has enacted appropriate leg1slation to The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from enforce the amendment and has enacted an income-tax statute the Secretary of the TreasUry, transmitting a draft of pro­ which in many instances works inequitably, resulting in hardships posed to citizens and corporations; _and · legislation to provide for the detail of a commissioned Whereas in order that business may be encouraged and pro­ medical officer of the PUblic Health Service to serve as assist­ moted: Therefore be it ant to the Surgeon General, which, with the accompanymg Resolved by the house of cusembly, That the Congress of the paper, was referred to the Committee on Finance. - United States is hereby memorialized and requested to provide by proper amendment that in -no case shall income taxes levied ex­ ARMY AIRWAYS RADIO TRANSli/IITTER STATION ceed 25 percent of the total of such income; and be it further The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a letter from Resolved, That copies of this resolution, signed by the speaker and attested to by the clerk, be transmitted to the Senate and the Acting secretary of the Interior, stating that, pursuant to House of Representatives of the United States and to the Senators law, the Department of the Interior had transferred to the and Members of Congress from New Jersey in the Senate and House War Department 1.03 acres of the lands belonging to St. of Representatives. Elizabeths Hospital in the District of Columbia for the site This resolution shall take effect 1mmediately. of an Army airways radio .tr-ansmitter station, which was The VIcE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate the referred to the Committee on the District of Columbia. followtrig concurrent resolution of the Legislature of New 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. SENATE 2515 Jersey, which was referred to the Committee on Interstate the records showing that the Dominion of Canada exported 155,- Commerce: 000,000 feet of lumber into the United States during the first 11 months of 1938, while during the same period of time the United Conc1,1rrent resolution memorializing the Congress of the United States exported to the entire British Empire only 59 000 000 feet· States against the enactment of Senate bill 126 and House Reso­ and ' ' ' lution 188, designed to modify and interfere with existing inter­ Whereas the aforesaid trade agreement recently entered into territorial freight rates _ practically sounds the death knell of the manufacture of shingles Be it resolved by the Senate of the State of New Jersey (the within the United States; and house of assembly concurring), That the Congress of the United Whereas the aforesaid trade agreement removes the restriction States be memorialized against the enactment of Senate bill 126 of the amount of Canadian timber which may be shipped into the snd House Resolution 188, which measures are designed to interfere United States at reduced tariff rates; and with, modify, and disturb existing interterritorial freight rates; and Whereas the average wage rate in the west coast logging camps be it further · · and sawmills of Oregon and Washington is 76.7 cents per hour, Resolved, That copies of this concurrent resolution, signed by while the average wage paid for like work in British Columbia the president of the senate and the speaker of the house of assem­ does not exceed 57 cents per hour, with many mills employing bly, be transmitted to the Vice President of the United States Hindu and Chinese labor at wage rates far below this rate; and and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and to the Sena­ Whereas logging camps and mills of the States of Oregon and tors and Representatives from this State in the Congress of the Washington operate on a maximum 40-hour workweek as compared United States. . , with a 48-hour workweek in British Columbia, Canada, which is 4 hours more than is permitted American industry under the Fair The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate the Labor Standards Act of 1938; and following concurrent resolution of the ·Legislature of New Whereas the employers of -the United States pay large sums of money under the various titles of the Social Security Act for the Jersey, which was ordered to lie on the table: benefit of workmen and their families, while like sums are not Concurrent resolution memorializing the Congress to enact Senate paid in the Dominion of Canada; and · bill 223, providing for the exemption of certain vessels of the Whereas this harassed forest-products industry which is the United States from the requirements of the Offi.cers' COmpetency basis for more than 60 percent of the industrial pay roll of two Certificates COnvention States containing almost 3,000,000 people, believes it has a just Be it ·resolved by the Senate of the State of New Jersey (the grievance to place before the President and the Congress of these house of assembly concurring), The COngress of the United States United States: Now, therefore, be it · is hereby memorialized to enact Senate bill 223 introduced by .the Resolved by the Senate of the State of Oregon (the house of senior Senator from New Jersey, providing for the exemption of representatives jointly concurring therein), That the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon does hereby petition the President cer~a~n vessels of the United States from the requirements of the Otlfuers' Competency Certificates Convention of 1936; be it further of the United States, the Members of Congress from the State of Resolved, That copies of this resolution signed by the president 'Oregon, and the whole Congress of the United States to consider of the senate and the speaker of the house of assembly be for­ conservation of , our basic natural resources, together with the warded to the presiding offi.cers of the Senate and House of Repre­ plight of the forest-products industries in the States of Oregon sentatives of the United States and to the Senators and Repre­ and Washington; and be it further sentatives from this State in the Congress of the United States. Resolved, That the Congress of these United States extend the provisions of the Revenue Act of 1932, which placed an excise tax The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate the on lumber until July 1, 1939, to a future date; and be it further Resolved, That for the benefit of employer and employee alike, following joint memorial of the Legislature of Oregon, which products extracted or produced in foreign countries shall be was referred to the Committee on Finance: marked with the country of their origin; and be it further Senate Joint Memorial 2 Resolved, That the secretary of state of the State of Oregon be authorized and he hereby is directed to forward immediately To the Honorable Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Pr~sident of the United certified copies of this joint memorial to the President of the States of America, and to the honorable Se?UJ.te and House of United States, President of the United States Senate, Speaker of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress the ~ouse of Representatives of the United States, Secretary of the assembled: . Interwr, ·and the members of the congressional delegation from the We, your memorialists, the Fortieth Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon. State of Oregon, convened in regular assembly, respectfully repre­ sent that-- The VICE PRESIDENT also laid before the Senate a reso­ Whereas the empire trade agreement between· Great Britain and her commonwealths, the war in the Orient, the unsettled state of lution of the Board of Commissioners of the City of Newark affairs in continental Europe, the general depression of the domestic N. J., protesting against the enactment of legislation to ta~ market, and protracted jurisdictional labor disputes have seriously municipal bonds, which was referred to the Special Commit­ crippled the forest-products industries of the States of Oregon and tee on Taxation of Governmental Securities and salaries.- Washington; and Whereas, under the Merchant Marine Act of 1920, cargoes from He also laid before the Senate a letter from William Green port to port within the United States must be carried in ships of president of the American Federation of Labor, Washington' United States registry at rates fixed by the Maritime Commission, which is $14 per 1,000 feet on lumber, while imports of lumber into D .. C., transmitting a copy of the report of the housing com~ the United States from British Columbia may be carried in ships m1ttee of the American Federation of Labor on the so-called of foreign registry at $11.30 per 1,000 feet; and · Fort Wayne plan, sponsored and developed by the Federal · Whereas the Revenue Act of 1932 placed an excise tax of $3 Housing Administration, which, with the accompanying re­ per 1,000 feet on imported lumber for protection of a harassed industry, with the proviso that said tax expire automatically July port, was referred to the Committee on Education and Labor. 1, 1939, which tax, together with a $1 per 1,000 feet tariff impost, Mr. TYDINGS presented a resolution of the mayor and made the total import duty $4 per 1,000 feet; and · council of Hagerstown, Md., protesting against the enactment Whereas the Congress passed the Domestic Origins Act in 1933, requiring that materials extracted and produced within the United of legislation to change the present freight-rate structure States should have preference on public works and such other proj­ which was referred to the Committee on Interstate Com~ ects which receive financial aid from the United States over mate­ merce. rials extracted and produced in foreign countries; and Whereas the Domestic Origins Act cannot , be enforced unless Mr. CAPPER presented a memorial of members of the materials extracted and manufactured in foreign countries ar.e First Presbyterian Church, of Axtell, Kans., remonstrating marked with the name of the country of their origin; and against the enactment of legislation to include religious Whereas an act of Congress passed in 1938 required said marking, but the act contained a proviso which authorized the President of bodies under the operation of the social-security system, the United States to waive the requirement under the terms of which was referred to the Committee on Finance. trade agreements with foreign countries; and the President, He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Tipton, through the Department of State, waived the necessity of marking lumber and other forest products under provisions of a trade agree­ Kans., praying that the United States adhere to a general ment entered into between the Dominion of Canada and the United policy of neutrality, which was referred to the Committee on States in November 1938; and Foreign Relations. · Whereas your Congress passed the Trade Agreement Act in 1934, He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Atchison which authorized the President, through the Department of State, to lower the total of any import taxes by as much as 50 percent Kans., praying that the United States adopt a policy of non~ under the terms of trade agreements entered into between the participation in aggression and also take measures to dis­ United States and any foreign country, and under the provisions continue the shipment of war supplies to Japan for use in of"said·act a trade agreement was entered into with the Dominion of Canada in 1935 which provided for a 50-percent reduction in the operations in China, which was referred to the Committee $4 import duty on lumber exported into the United States by the on Foreign Relations. Dominion of Canada, not exceeding 250,000,000 feet per annum, He also presented a petition of sundry citizens of Claflin and as a result of said agreement the lumber industry of Oregon and Washington suffered a loss of markets and $2 per 1,000 feet ~rid R~dwing, Kans., praying tliat the United States adhere to the general policy 'of neutrality as enunciated in the taritf protection ·against Canadian lumber sold in the U?!ted States! . . act 2516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE MARCH 9 of August 31, 1935, to retain on the statute books the further Resolved, That the Congress of the United States and the Members of Congress from Montana, and the Honorable Jesse Jones, Chair­ and corollary principle enunciated in the act of May 1, 1937, man of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, are petitioned to extending the original act to include civil as well as inter­ investigate the affairs of the Mining Division as related to quartz national conflicts, which was referred to the Committee on loans, particularly as to changing the personnel of the department heads and removing unfair examiners and liberal1z1ng the regula­ Foreign Relations: tions of the division; and that it be further Mr. MURRAY presented the following joint memorial of Resolved, That a copy of this memorial be forwarded to the Presi­ the Legislative Assembly of Montana, which was referred to dent of the United States, to each House of Congress, the congres­ the Committee on Appropriations: sional delegation from Montana, and to the Honorable Jesse ~ToneR. Chairman of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Senate Joint Memorial 16 Memorial to Hon. Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United Mr. MURRAY also presented the follcwing joint memorial States, and to the honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the Legislature of Montana, which was rf'ferred to the of the United States in Congress assembled, expressing apprecia­ Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation: tion of the work of the Civilian Conservation Corps in the State of Montana and requesting continuance thereof Senate Joint Memorial 18 We, your memorialists, the Senate and House of Representatives Resolution memorializing the Congress of the United States for the of the State of Montana, convened in the legislative assembly, most passage of the legislation for the development of the Pig-Eye respectfully represent and petition as follows: Basin storage project in Judith Basin County, Mont., as a 11ood­ Whereas heretofore there has been ~tablished under your author­ control and water-conservation measure Ity and with your approval the following Civllian ConServation f'o the honorable Senate and the HO'!Ue of .&epresentcl«~ of the Corps camps in the State of Montana under various departments United States in Congress assembled: and bureaus of the United States at Medicine Lake, Ekalaka, Sidney, Whereas the Judith River in Judith Basin County, Mont., is 1n Augusta, Ballantine, Winifred, Bridger, Dillon, Darby, Thompson the watershed of, and the waters thereof ftow into the M18sourl Falls, Phillpsburg, Columbia Palls, Bozeman, Libby, Neihart, Supe­ River, and in times of unusual precipitation contribute to the :flood rior, Lolo, Haugan, Huson; with two camps at Malta. Yellowstone. waters of such principal stream and contribute to ftood damages and Whitehall, and three camps at Betton; and causEd by unusually high water at seasonal times: and Whereas the CiviUan Conservation Corps has contributed greatly Whereas heretofore in 1919 the United States Geological Survey to the improvement of roads, parks, and forests.; has aided in con­ has surveyed such Judith River and it has been found possible trolling soil erosion, prevented fires, eliminated swamps, and have and feasible to impound approximately 11.000 acre-feet of water performed many other useful functions enhancing the natural thereof, the official storage project being known as the Pig-Eye scenery and beauties of Montana of which this State is justly proud; Basin storage project, and that such waters can be used· f~ the and irrigation of arid and semiarid lands in such project; and ,0 , Whereas the work of the Civilian Conservation Corps has aided Whereas the Water Conservation Beard of the State of Montana and has resulted in rehabiUtation of the men sent to work in our has approved such project as a ftood-control and water-conservation State; has provided such men with a new outlook on life and in project; and general such enrollees have bettered themselves mentally, morally. Whereas the development of such project would be of inestimable a·nd physically by service in this organization; and value to the farming and stock-growing Industry 1n that portion · Whereas the members of the Civilian Conservation Corps have of Montana: Therefore be it served in Montana with honor and fidelity and a continuance of .Resolved by the Senate of the State of Monta.nG (the house of such service is desirable from a humanitarian and economical and representatives concurring), That we do hereby petition the Con­ social viewpoint: gress of the United States of America for the passage of an enabling Now, therefore, the Legislative Assembly of the Twenty-sixth act with sufficient appropriation of funds for the construction of the Session of the State of Montana respectfully petitions the Congress proposed Pig-Eye Basin storage project at the earliest possible time; of the United States to appropriate a sumcient sum of money to and be it further continue the Civilian Conservation Corps; and the ·President of Resolved, That copies of this resolution be sent to the Honorable the United States is hereby petitioned to use his influence in that Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States. to the Presi­ respect and to that end; be it further dent of the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives Resolved, That copies of this memorial be forwarded to the of the United States and to each of the Members of the Senate President of the United States, one each be forwarded to the and House of Representatives from Montana. President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Repre­ sentatives of the United States, and likewise that a copy hereof FELICITATIONS TO SENATOR REYNOLDS BY THB SENATE or be forwarded to each of the Senators and Representatives from the MARYLAND State of Montana. Mr. TYDINGS and Mr. RADCLIFFE, jointly, presented the Mr. MORRAY also presented the following resolution of following resolution of the Senate of the State of Maryland, the Senate of the State of Montana, which was referred to which was referred to the Committee on Immigration: the Committee on Banking and Currency: Whereas the constant and ever-increasing manifestations of Senate Memorial 11 peoples, groups, and organization expounding the phllosophies and Resolution memorializing the Congress of the United States and theories of communism, nazi-ism. and fascism; and · the Reconstruction Finance Corporation for urgent remedial Whereas these manifestations are in practically every instance action and modification of rules in the matter of granting quartz inspired by aliens, or allen-minded people; and mining loans Whereas the philosophy or theory as expounded by representa­ To the honorable Senate ana House of .Representatives in Congress tives of the individual organizations are for the promotion. foster­ assembled, and to the Reconstruction Finance Corporation of ing, and strengthening the doctrines of communism, nazi-18m, and the United States: fascism in America; and Your memorialists, the members of the Senate of the Twenty-stxtb Whereas the Honorable RoBERT R. REYNOLDS, United States Sen­ Legislative Assembly of the State of Montana, respectfully represent ator from North Carolina, has caused to be introduced in the as follows: United States Senate, legislation in the interest· of national de­ Whereas the President and Congress appreciate that the mining fense and for the protection of America in time of war, providing of precious metals is one of the basic industries of the Nation and for the registration and fingerprinting of each and every alien now one of the main sources of employment throughout the western in the United States, or who may hereafter apply for permission part of the United States, and have set up an agency for the loaning to enter the United States, and which is known as S. 408, and of funds through the Reconstruction Finance Corporation to legiti­ legislation providing that any alien or group of aliens whose pres­ mate mining enterprises in order that production may be stimulated ence in the United States is ln1mical to the public Interest shall and labor unemployment decreased; and upon warrant of the Secretary of Labor be taken into custody and Whereas that a mining division of the Reconstruction Finance deported forthwith, which is known asS. 411; and Corporation has been created for the purpose of making loans to Whereas the members of the Senate of Maryland, reafllrmlng legitimate enterprises where there is ample security for the same their steadfast belief in the principles of true democracy, and ab­ and has represented to the public that said loans are available; and horring the alien-directed activities, for the purpose of pregnating Whereas the State of Montana, one of the leading quartz-mining and demora.Uzing minds of young and impressionable Americans. States of the Nation, was granted loans of only $43,000 for quartz with obnoxious and unwarranted "Isms"; Therefore be it mining for approximately the first 3 years of operation of said mining Resolved, That the Senate of Maryland does hereby extend lts division; and appreciation and express its admiration to the Honorable RommT Whereas the State of Idaho, also richly endowed with mineral R. REYNoLDS, United States Senator from North Carolina, for hts resources, was not granted a single loan for quartz mining during patriotic and inspiring legislation to the end that the philosophy a like period; and of Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln shall never be replaced with Whereas the supervisor 1n charge of the m1n1ng division has taken un-American principles as expressed by communism, nazi-ism, and an antagonistic and unreasonable attitude In the matter of granting fascism; and be it further loans, as evidenced by the statements heretofore made. and that Be80lved, That upon the adoption ot this resolution the secre­ certain of the examiners assume a most unfriendly attitude toward tary of the senate is hereby instructed to forward copies thereof to mining; and the Honorable RoBERT R. REYNOLDS, United states Senator from Whereas we believe it was the Intention of the Honorable Franklin North Carolina, the Honorable Mli.I.AaD E. TYDINGS. and the Hon­ D. Roosevelt and the Congress of the United States to assist worthy orable GEORGE L. ~ l1n1ted. States Senators from the State quartz-m1n1ng enterprises: Now, therefore, be it of Maryland. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 2517

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES By Mr. WHEELER: Mr. PEPPER, from the Committee on Interoceanic Canals, S. 1759. A bill granting the consent of Congress to the to which was referred the bill mmittee on Agriculture and STUDY OF FREIGHT-RATE STRUCTURE Forestry. Mr. PEPPER submitted the following resolution

EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED Mr. President, I have adopted the suggestion made by the The VICE PRESIDENT, as in executive session, laid before Senator from Georgia to the Senate the other day about the Senate messages from the President of the United states studying that report and have studied it. I :find in it three submitting sundry nominations, which were referred to the or four inconsistencies which I wish to call to the attention of appropriate committees. · the Senate, and especially of those members of the confer­

ORDER OF BUS~ Georgia and to the Senate, is an ·inconsistency. On plfge 1 The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be no further morning they recommend exemption of all aircraft. On page 2 they business, the calendar, under rule vm, is in order. recommend exemption of only a certain part of the aircraft. Mr. BARKLEY. I ask unanimous consent that the calling business. of the calendar be dispensed with. On page 3 of the report the statement is made, and it fs The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? "!be Chair ln accordance with the impression of the Senator from hears none, and it is-so ordered. Georgia, that the present law does not permit the manu­ facturer to offset profits in excess of 10 percent in any one AUTHORIZATION FOR REPORTING AND SIGNING OF BILLS. ETC .. DURING ADJOURNliiENT ·year against losses incurred in a previous year. This state­ ment of the report reads as follows: Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, there is no business the Senate needs to transact today, and nothing that is in pros­ Present law does not permit the manufacturer to ot!set profl.ts in excess of 10 percent in one· year aga1nst de:flciency in profits in pect for the remainder of the week. I therefore ask unani­ a previous year. mous consent that during the adjournment of the Senate all committees may be authorized to report bills, resolutions, and That is emphatically an erroneous and misleading state­ nominations, that the Vice President be authorized to sign m~nt, because the statute specifically provides as follows: a.ny bills or resolutions ready for his signature, and that the Provided that, if there is a net loss on all such contracts or subcontracts completed by the particular contractor or subcon­ Secretary of the senate may receive messages from the House tractor within any income tu:able year, such net lose shall be of Representatives. allowed as a credit in determining the ezcess profl..t, U any. fOE' The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there. objection? The Chair the next succeeding income taxable year. hears none, and it is so ordered. So there are two definite inconsistencies and ~ate­ Mr. BARKLEY. Mr. President, there is no need to have ments in the committee's report, whtch would, unless cor­ an ex.ecutive session today; so I move that the Senate stand rected, give of the act a false picture which should not be in adjournment until 12 o'clock noon on Monday next. used as a basis for intelligent leg1sla.tion. LIMJTATION OF PROFITS ON AIRPLANE CONTRACTS Again, on page 3 of the reiX)rt, we find the following Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, will the· Senator withhold statement: · that motion, as I should like to s.peak for about 5 minutes? Another effect of this limitation of proflt 1s tbat the manufac­ Mr. BARKLEY. I was not aware the Senator from New turer will make every legal e1fort to show 1ncreases in cost of Navy contracts, if by so doing" he can reduce the charges to be Hampshire desired to speak, and, of course, I withhold the . made on other contracts. motion. Mr. TOBEY. Mr. President, on Tuesday, the 7th of March, The report further says: ln this body, when the national-defense bill, providing for If certain spaces 1n the shop are not as wen Ughted or other­ wise may be less desira.ble from the point of vtew of doing ef­ additional aircraft, was being discussed and debated, a.nd, ficient work, it is certain that contracts on which the profits are particularly, consideration was being given to the amendment not limlted will not be prosecuted in these spaces wh1le Navy which I offered limiting profits to 10 percent, the Senator material 1s occupying more valuable space. I.dkewtse, machine from Georgia [Mr. GJ:ORGJ:] addressed the Senate and called tools and equipment that malre for economy of manufacture W1l1 not be so readily made ava.llable for Nawy work as for wcrJt attention to House b111 7771, with the accompanYing report, on which there 1s no profit llm1tat1on.. 'rhe same wW apply to which sought to amend the Vinson-Trammell Act so as to the use of more sk1lled labor. exempt the aircraft industry from the operation of the act to I say, 1f that is true, it is a manif"est and ·intentional di&­ limit profits on NaVY contracts. I told the · Senator from honesty on the part of such manufacturers, and 1f we should Georgia yesterday In person, and I now address myself to the yield to that persuasion we would become particeps cr1m1n1s Senate, and for the sake of the REcoRD desire to point out by our failure to prevent such dishonesty. The purpose of that House bill 7777, to which the Senator from Georgia the existing statute is to prevent such unworthy practices alluded, was not a product of the present session of the Con­ on the part of these aircraft concerns. gress, but was favorably reported in the last Congress, the Seventy-fifth Congress, and, of course, the report accom­ Further, on pag~ 4, the report reads: panied the measure; but, though the bill was on the House Under the act of March 27, 1934, as amended, the contractor 1s ofl'ered some relief in the authority to offset a lose in 1 year calendar from April 18, 1938, until adjournment of the aga.1nst profits 1n excess ot 10 percent 1n a succeeding year. But Seventy-fifth Congress. the House never acted on ito he ca.nnot otrset any loss sueta.tned tn other than Navy bue1nesa. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_HOUSE 2519 I particularly call your attention to this last sentence com­ The following-named lieutenant commanders to be com­ plaining that the manufacturer "cannot offset any loss sus­ manders in the Navy, to rank from the 1st day of Septem- tained in other than Navy business." Why shoUld he? Why ber 1938: . . · should the United States Government pay a concern·· for loss Charles A. Nicholson, 2d Byron J. Connell proximately $2,000,000 other act for the fiscal yei;U' ending June 30, 1940, shall be available for the payment of enlistment allowance to enlisted men for .reen­ we can keep in the service these skilled men whom the NavY listment within a period of 3 months from date of discharge as to really needs. By a total expenditure of a little over reenlistments made during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1940, $5,000,000 we can keep all the trained men of the Army, notwithstanding the applicable provisions of sections 9 and 10 of the act entitled 'An act to readjust the pay and allowances of 1;he Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Coast and Geodetic Sur­ commissioned and enlisted personnel of the Army, Navy, Marine vey in the service of their country, where we will benefit by Corps, Coast Guard, Coast and Geodetic Survey, and Public Health their experience and skill. service', approved June 10, 1922 (37 U.S. c. 13, 16) ." This $5,000,000 may seem like a lot of money, but I con­ Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I make the point of order tend that in· a period of 4 years, covering the 4-year enlist­ there is not a quorum present. ment of a Navy man, it would cost between $10,000,000 and The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum is not present. $15,000,000 to replace the sk11led technicians we are letting CALL OF .THE HOUSE go. Let me give you a brief history of this amendment. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move a call Mr. WHITE of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman of the House. yield? A call of the House was ordered. Mr. IZAC. In just a moment. The Clerk called the roll, and the following Members failed The House of Representatives a year ago voted to pay this to answer to their names: reenlistment gratuity, as it is called. This year, about a week [Roll No. 29] ago, when the amendment was before us, we voted by a vote Allen, Til. Bradley, Mich. Cannon, Fla. Dies of 156 to 21 not to recede and concur in the Senate amend­ Allen, La. Bractley, Pa. Cole, N.Y. Disney ment. Still, with the Senate standing fast, they come back Anderson, Calif. Buckley, N.Y. Creal Ditter Bender Byrne, N.Y. Curley Doughton to us and ask us to recede. After a vote of that kind it seems Bolton Byron Daly Eaton, N.J. to me it should be evident that it is the will of the House of 2522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE MARCH 9 Representatives that we will not recede; and I ask my col­ expense ·because there is deducted from his pay .every month a leagues to stand fast with us today and do justice to the small sum to cover the cost of hospitalization in the Army, enlisted men, giving them that part of their pay which has Navy, or Marine Corps. been denied theni only since the adoption of the Economy Mr. FITZPATRICK. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman Act of 1933. [Applause.] yield? I now yield to the gentleman from Ohio. Mr. VAN ZANDT. Yes. ·Mr. WHITE of Ohio. Can the gentleman tell us what Mr. FITZPATRICK. I infer that the gentleman is opposed effect the discontinuance of the reenlistment allowance has to the report of the conferees. I was one of the conferees had on reenlistment? and I am also opposed to the motion just offered. Mr. IZAC. I would say it has a terrible moral effect on Mr. VANZANDT. I thank the gentleman very much. the men who have to live on the paltry sums we give the Mr. PATRICK. Mr~ Speaker, will the gentleman yield? lower brackets of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps. Mr. VAN. ZANDT. I yield. Mr. WHITE of Ohio. Does the gentleman know whether Mr. PATRICK. Is there any way in the world that this or not the denial of the allowance has reduced the number of position can help in any measure in saving any money or reenlistments, in terms of percentage? promoting efficiencies? Can this motion possibly accomplish Mr. IZAC. I should say the number of reenlistments has either purpose? Will the position taken in conference help been greater during the period of depression than at any either in economy or efficiency? other time. Mr. VANZANDT. If we retain in the present law the pro­ Mr. WHITE of Ohio. That is due to economic conditions? Vision for reenlistment allowances to the men, and if we aP­ Mr. IZAC. That is due to the economic condition of the propriate the money to take care of the allowances, that will country. actually save the Government money and promote eftlciency Now, when we are talking and speaking in terms of war­ in the· Military Establishment. and war is prevalent everywhere, but thank God not in this Mr. PATRICK. That will promote economy and also pro­ country-! should like to see us do something to stiffen the vide more efficient service than we are getting now? morale of the Army, the Navy, and the Marine Corps. Let Mr. VAN ZANDT. Yes. those men know that we are not only willing to pay billions Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. It is expensive to train of dollars for guns and planes and munitions but are also these men. Willing to pay a few million dollars to them that they may Mr. VANZANDT. It is. As my colleague the gentleman live in a proper American way of living. from California mentioned a few moments ago, it costs $256 Mr. SIROVICH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? to train a man for the Navy; on the other hand, when a man Mr. IZAC. I yield to the gentleman from New York. reenlists his allowance cannot exceed $200. Most of there­ · Mr. SIROVICH. Is it not true that when men el'llist · in enlistments, however, are by men in the lower pay grades the Army and in the Navy today they find on the application and the allowance cannot exceed $100. Thus the economy of they fill out a statement that they will receive when they this allowance is evident. As to efficiency, it is only necessary reenlist the sum of $200 or $300? to point out that it takes time and money to train experts on Mr. IZAC. I may say to the gentleman that statement torpedoes, fire control, signals, or any of the specialties the used to be on the forms and I presume it still is there because Navy has, is left to your own good judgment. A competent it is the basic law of this country and has never been taken man in any rating can only be developed by continuance in from the statute books. [Applause.] service, and the Congress should encourage men to make the [Here the gavel fell.] service a vocation and should restore to them that which is Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 min­ being denied them without justification. I appeal to you to utes to the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. VAN ZANDTl. vote for the rank and file of the Army, Navy, and Marine Mr. VANZANDT. Mr. Speaker, in opposing the conference Corps. report I want to quote my colleague the gentleman from Vir­ Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 min­ ginia [Mr. WooDRUMl. The other day, when I asked him if utes to the gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. CASE]. 'he considered an enlistment in the Navy as a contract with Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. Speaker, I desire to call the Government, the gentleman from Virginia replied, "Yes." the attention of tlie Members of ~he House to another prin­ When a man enlists in the Army, the Navy, or the Marine ciple involved in the situation in which we now find ourselves. Corps it is true that he enters into a contract existing be­ The attitude of the House on this amendment has been tween himself and his Government. Many men in the Army, definitely expressed. The proposal that is now in the bill Navy, and Marine Corps today hold contracts with the Gov­ before us comes from the Senate. It was taken out in the ernment and when they reenlist they are denied the reenlist­ House on a point o% order. It now comes to us as a proposal 'ment allowance, and therefore the Government is not UP­ by the Senate. We have acted upon this matter once. The holding its end of the contract if the conference report is House voted its disapproval of a proposal to concur with an accepted. The provisions that apply to the reenlistment al­ amendment, and then, subsequently, on a motion to insist lowance will be stricken from the law. So not only do I upon our disagreement, the House again expressed itself as oppose the report of the conferees as far as it applies to the opposed to this 'item. contract that now exists between the enlisted man and the The Manual of the House indicates that a principle in such Government but I certainly oppose the idea of striking the situations is recognized and well established, and is stated in provision out of the present law. · Hinds' Precedents, volume 4, paragraph 3906, from which I Eighty-three percent of the present enlisted personnel of read:· ' the United States Navy are reenlistments, and they expect The principle seems to be generally accepted that the House pro­ at the conclusion of their 4-year enlistment period, · not a posing legislation o'n a general appropriation bill should recede 1f gratuity, but they expect this reenlistment allowance so that the other House persist in its objection. ·they can make a Visit to their homes and to their parents, Therefore, if we are going to follow the well-established and so they can provide the necessities of life · for their principle in conferences between the two Houses, the House ·families. Many of them are married meri. The lowest pay Should again insist upon its disagreement and the Senate in the Navy, I find, is $21 per month, in the marines it is should recede. $'20.80 a month, and in the Army it is $21 a month. The pay This question has been a matter of settled precedents of of a C. C. C. boy today is· $30 a month. Now, here is a man the Congress over a long period of time. In paragraphs who is a member of the·Anny, Navy, or Marine Corps-our 3904, 3905, 3906, and 3908 similar instances are cited to which national defense-and he is paid less than the man who is in I want to invite the attention of the House at this time. the C. C. C. today. Mind you, if a man in the C. C: C. is in In 1898, in the Senate, Mr. John T. :Morgan, of Alabama, ·need of hospitalization, he is hospitalized not· at his expense submitted a similar proposition in which he recogniZed that but at the expense of the Government; but a man in tne the Senate should recede from its position because it was -Army, Navy, · or Marine Corps ·is hospitalized -at ·his own · proposing an amendment in the nature of legislation on an 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2523 appropriation bill-an amendment on which the House had time. They must handle and fire high explosives in prac­ already expressed itself in disagreement. tice; they must cover difficult terrain in maneuvers, and all On June 10, 1896, a condition of prolonged disagreement this on a base pay of about 65 cents a day and found. came about in the House, and when this disagreement was The gentleman from Virginia has stated before that reen­ under discussion, Mr. Joseph G. Cannon, of illinois, chairman listments are at a high rate, and that is true. These years of the Committee on Appropriations and the Member in have been conducive to hanging on to one's job, if any. But charge of the bill, said: it is important. to us that this small, highly trained military Under our parliamentary precedents the body proposing legisla­ force be maintained and that the men reenlist and reenlist, tion, when the other body will not assent, recedes; and if the Sen­ in order that the nucleous of our national defense shall ~t ate, proposing legislation in _this .case, lets this b111 fail becau.se the all times be both ready and able to stand to arms. It 1s poor House will not assent to the legislation, then let the responsibility be upon the Senate. • • • The man who has read the history economy to take it out on our small defense force because of his country understandingly in the parliamentary contests in they cannot get jobs 1f they do not reenlist. 1878, 1879, and 1880 understands--and this contest began before Do you realize that the Army -private receives less pay and the breaking out of the late war-that the rule is unvarying that less benefit;& than the enrollees of our C. C. C. camps-and the body proposing legislation as a rider upon a money b111 must recede 1f the other body w1ll not assent. he 1s in for 4 years, not a few months? . Over ·5,000 names of disabled Regulars and over ·1,000 In the Senate, in the discussion of the same disagreement, dependents of line-of-duty deceased Regulars were placed Mr. John Sherman, of Ohio, said: on the pension rolls last year' at pensions that are a national It has always been, so far as I know, the custom of the Senate, disgrace, being as low as 30 percent of that we pay war and also in the House of Representatives as well, where· there is a disagreement between the two llouses threatening to defeat the veterans and dependents of war veterans for like disabilities. passage of an important appropriation bill-and it is the only true The disabled Regular is not entitled to one thin dime for rule that can be applied to such a case--that the House proposing his funeral expenses unless he has war service. We even the amendment which is firmly resisted by the other House ought to deny that disabled. Regular an American flag for his casket recede from the amendment. that would then go to his nearest of kin. He is not recog­ That 1s a.n identical situation with what. we have here. nized in the Department of Labor employment omces as a W~have the Senate proposing a legislative .amendment to veteran. . His pitiful little pension precludes his receiving any an appropriation bill, where the House has already taken a relief assistance in the great majority of cases, and relief position. would frequently pay him two or three times as much. He Again, in 1906 in the Senate a discussion arose as to the cannot secure W. P. A. preference. He cannot enlist in the respective duties . of the House and Senate, as to receding C. C. C. unless he passes a physical examination, yet we have from legislative amendments to appropriation bills. Mr. '30,000 war veterans in C. C. C. enrollment. The Regular in .James Hemmenway, of Indiana,-.:..and this was in the Sen- service killed in line of duty is entitled to $100 maximum at~put the .question to Mr: Hale as to what was the prac­ funeral expenses. The c. c. c. enrollee who dies while 1n tice of the two bodies, and Mr. Hale, of Maine, said: camp is entitled to a maximum of $145 funeral expenses. Mr. President, as I have been appealed to by the Senator from The man behind the gun receiving fair and eqUitable treat­ Indiana [Mr. Hemmenway) to state what is my experience, I will ment 1s just as important a phase of national defense as pro:. state that when either House puts in an appropriation bill legis­ viding modem equipment. Let us consider all angles of lation it cannot force the other House to agree, but it must. in national defense, not just one. the end recede if the proposition is one that the other House w1ll not at all agree to. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself 5 minutes. The parliamentary situation 1s very simple and That practice is well established and recognized in the quite regular. This amendment was put in· by the House several par8,graphs that I have cited and, in the instant case, committee and went out on a point of order. It was rein­ entirely apart from the question involved, if we are to follow serted by the Senate committee; and when it came to the the precedents between the two .Houses we should insist on House a few days ago, a motion was made to recede and our dis8,greement to the Senate and the Senate should recede. concur with an amendment making it permanent law. That [Applause.] . amendment was voted down substantially. It comes back Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield 5 min­ now with a motion to recede and concur in the Senate amend­ utes to the gentleman from California [Mr. HINsHAw]. ment, which merely carries the inhibition against tliis gra­ Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, I stand before you as a tuity for one additional fiscal year. So during this session veteran of both the Regular Army and the voluntary forces of Congress the House has not voted on this motion. There of the United States, and I ask you to vote against the mo­ is nothing irregular about the parliamentary procedure. The tion of the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. WooDRUM] for House has, however, for 6 consecutive years refused to allow the reasons already stated by my colleague from California this reenlistment gratuity. Let us get this straight. To [Mr. IzAcJ, by the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. VAN concur in this Senate amendment does not take away from ZANDT], and by the gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. the present enlisted men in the Army or the Navy one red CASE]. I call attention to a few more facts that have not cent of compensation. It merely continues in force the in­ been given by the gentlemen who have already spoken. hibition against paying the reenlistment gratuity. What is The gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. VAN ZANDTJ has the history of that? The history of the reenlistment gra. just told you about the low pay and the hours. Yet we ex­ tuity is that in those days when it was very hard to get men pect this soldier and sailor to care for equipment that is to enlist in the Army and the NavY, and harder still to get worth millions. We work him 24 hours a day if the need ex­ them to reenlist, that inducement had to be offered, over and ists. We put him out on damnably realistic war and naval above their pay, to secure them to reenlist, and to thereby games to prove .the equipment and provide the most prac­ maintain the armed forces of the country. What is the situa­ tical methods of tactics and technique. tion today? The situation today 1s that reenlistments with­ It is vitally important that the morale of our Regular Mil­ out .the gratuity are at a much higher percentage than they itary Establishment be maintained. It is this force that were in those days when we paid the gratuity. Attribute some must stand both ready and able to defend our shores in the of that, if you care to, to the condition of the times, but it is event of attack. It is this force that is called upon to main­ a fact, nevertheless, that they are much greater. tain our valuable and highly technical and intricate machin­ What is the additional fact now? Let us see in what an ery of war-antiaircraft guns, range finders, signal equip­ inconsistent position our friends find themselve~ when they ment, both radio and telephone, ordnance and engineer argue that we must freeze the present personnel of the equipment in a high state of efficient preparedness. ·United States Army and of the United States Navy. In the The enlisted men· of our Regular Establishment receive last Congress we set up machinery to create an Army reserve miserably low pay for the work they are called upon to per­ of 75,000 trained soldiers, to be in the Reserve forces of the form, and the hours of duty are frequently long. These men country. Now, if we wish to be emotional and if we wish to are subj~ted in many. instances to gz:eat hazards in peace- IQ9k .through war-colored glasses at everything we do, which 2524 CONGRESSIONAL: RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 I think is unfortunate, let us consider that feature for a plies to basic pay. ·The basic pay of a member of the ·moment. Where do we stand? Every time a man in· the Interstate Commerce Commission and all of these other trained forces today leaves the Army and goes into private organizations that carry out splendid, important, quasi-judi..; life you have a recruit for your trained Army Reserve of this cial functions of the Government is $12,000 a year, and yet country, and in his place there comes into the ranks of the this Congress in this very session has withheld a portion United States Army a young vigorous man, full of vitality, of that. Why? Because it felt that under the circum­ quite willing and quite anxious to take up the cause of his stances it was justified in so doing. country in the armed forces. So there is no argument what­ Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman ever in the fact that it is in the interest of defense or in the yield? Interest of maintaining the Army that these men who have Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. had one or two or three or four terms in the Army should Mr. WADSWORTH. Surely the gentleman would not con­ be paid to stay in the Army. There is no logic in the post ... tend that a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission tion that we should take our enlisted personnel in the Army is bound by an enlistment contract? and freeze it, and say we do not want the fine splendid Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. No; but it is his pay. young men who are now standing in line wishing to enlist. Mr. WADSWORTH. The soldier canna~ get out. He has Now let us pass on. If you ·will hiing legislation to this got to stay. · He is signed. . House to increase the meager, i.iladequate compensation of Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. It is in the basic law, just the private of the Army, I will vote with you to put it on the same as this reenlistment pay is there. Mr. O'NEAL. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? there. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. WARREN). The time of Mr. O'NEAL. There is one point .that has not been the gentleman from Virginia has. expired. brought out which to me seems to be very important. When Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself the first draft came on in 1917 the 11m1t of age was 30 or 31. 5 additional minutes. A man to be called in the first draft had to be under that They are poorly paid. This does not remedy that. This age. I am told that the average age of the Regular Army takes a man when he comes out of the service and hands him today is 31 or over. It seems to me very clear tha& we a gratuity. This does not remove the inequity and injustices should have a policy encouraging the younger man to come of the low paid enlisted personnel of the Army. But what in and take the Regular Army training, that we should not happens when a man finishes his enlistment? Mark you, retain men or encourage men to remain when they reach there is not a man in the Army or Navy today who, when he such an age that they cannot stand the physical rigors of enlisted, had the right to expect he would get this reenlist­ warfare. ment pay, because it was not being paid and has not been ~ [Here the gavel fell.] paid and Congress has repeatedly indicated that they do not Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move the· intend to resume paying it unless conditions change; and they previous question on the motion. have not changed. What do we do? One of my friends says . The previous question was ordered. he ought to get this reenlistment pay so he can go home. to The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the mo­ see his mother. When he finishes his enlistment today he tion to recede and concur. is given 5 cents a mile transportation, whether he travels or The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by not. If he finishes his service here today he is given 5 cents Mr. WooDRUM of Virginia) there were--ayes 55, noes 78. a mile, and he can walk around the comer to the next window Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I object to the and reenlist. In addition to that, he is given on an average vote on the ground 'that a quorum is not present. $45 for clothing, which he did not draw during his term of The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Chair will count. enlistment. Now, to continue to resume paying this reenlist­ [After counting.] One hundred and eighty-two Members ment-allowance after these years would simply mean the pay­ are present, not a quorwn. The Doorkeeper will close the ment of an additional gratuity gift to the enlisted men of the doors, the Sergeant at Arms will notify absent Members, and United States ArmY. which is not justified at the present time. the Clerk will call the roll. Now, what about the cost of it? On yesterday this House The question was taken; and there were-yeas 89, nays 260, insisted on writing into the reorganization bill language not voting 84, as follows: that there was an emergency; that the economic situation [Roll No. SO) of the country created an emergency, and that was proper YEAS--a9 language, my colleagues, because there is an emergency. Bates, Ky. Crawford Johnson, Okla. Rees,Kans. There is $6,000,000 involved in this, over and above the Bates, Mass. Cummings Johnson, W.Va. Rich Bland Curtis Jones, Tex. Robertson Budget estimates. That much more is added to our de:flcit­ Boehne Dirksen · Kean Romjue $6,000,000. Well, my friend says, "It is not right not to put Boland Dondero Kitchens Ryan this back, because it is in the basic law." Now, let us fol­ Boren Doxey Lambertson Scrogham Brooks Drewry Leavy Smith, Va. iow that for a moment. How many times has the Congress Burch Durham Ludlow South authorized appropriations when they have never been made? Burgin Ellis Mahon Taber Caldwell Engel Maloney Tarver Every appropriation bill this House has passed this Con­ Cannon, Mo. Flannagan Mansfield Taylor, Colo. gress contains items in which the Appropriations Commit­ carlson Folger Martin, Colo. Terry tee and the Congress ultimately has not appropriated the Cartwright Ford, Miss. Masslngale Thomas, Tex. Chandler Fulmer Michener Tinkham amount which is authorized to be appropriated for the Chapman Garrett lWlls,Ark. Vincent, Ky. subject, but the gentleman from New York [Mr. WADs­ Clark Gore Moser Warren Cochran Gregoey Murdock, Ariz. Whittington WORTH] is about to tell me that this is base pay and there­ Coffee, Nebr. Hare Murdock, Utah Wllllams, Mo. fore that is di1ferent. Now, let us pursue that for a moment. Collins Heinke Nelson Woodrum, Va. Mr. WADSWORTH. The gentleman guessed right. I Colmer Hobbs Norrell Zimmerman Cooley Hope O'Neal wanted to ask him if he regarded this merely as an Cooper Houston Pearson authorization? oox Jarrett Poage Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. No; certainly not; this is NAYS--260 base pay. Where do we stand on that? A few days ago Alexander Barden Brown, Ga. Church Allen,Pa. B~ Brown, Ohio Clason I brought to this House a bill which cut $2,000 a year off of Andersen, H. Carl Barry Bryson Claypool the base pay of members of the Interstate Commerce Com­ Anderson, Mo. Barton Buckler, M!nn. Clevenger mission, . the United States Tariff Commission, the Mari-· Andresen, A. B. Beam Burdick Cluett Andrews Beckworth. Byrns, Tenn. Coffee. Wash. time Commission, and the Civil Aeronautics Authority, and Angell Blackney Byron Cole, Mel. you gentlemen here Vf!rY splendidly and very patriotically Arends Bolles . Carter Connery Arnold Boykln case. s. Dak. Corbett exercised your good sound judgment, when you were in an Austin Bradley, Pa. Casey, Mass. Ooeteno economy mood and supported me in that. That action ap.. · Ball Brewster Chiperfielcl Crosser 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .2525

CUlkin Hess - -Marcantonio ·aacks Mr. Bloom With Mr. Halleck. Cullen Hill Marshall Sasscer Mr. Martin J. Kennedy with Mr. Allen of DUnots. D'Alesandro Hinshaw Martin, DI. Sattertleld Mr. Kerr with Mr. Gillie. Darden · Hoft'm.an Martin, Iowa Schaefer, m. Mr. DeRouen with Mr. Ditter. Darrow Holmes Martin, Mass. Schafer, Wis. Mr. Bulwinkle with Mr. Welch. Dempsey Hook Mason Schtmer Mr. Delaney with Mr. Bender. Dickstein Horton May Schuetz Mr. Sweeney with Mr. Wigglesworth. Dingell Hull Merritt Schwert Mr. Richards with Mr. Bradley of Michigan. .Dowell Izac M11ler Secrest Mr. Faddis with Mr. Buck. Duncan Jacobsen Mills, La. Shafer, Mich. Mr. Buckley of New York with Mr. Harter of Ohio. Dunn Jarman Monkiewicz Shanley Mr. Kennedy of Maryland With Mr. Byrne of New York. Dworshak Jenkins, Ohio ·Monroney Shannon Mr. McGranery with Mr. Crowe. Eaton, Calif. Jensen Mott Short Mr. O'Toole with Mr. Hart. Eberharter Johnson, Dl. Mouton Simpson Mr. Sheppard with Mr. Fay. Edmiston Johnson, Ind. Murray Sirovich Mr. Celler with Mr. Hennings. Elliott Johnson, Luther A. Myers Smith, Conn. Elston Jones, Ohio Nichols Smith, Maine Mr. GRoss and Mr. MoUToN changed their votes from "yea" Englebright Kee Norton Smith, Ohio to "nay." Fenton Keiler O'Brien Smith, Wash. Fernandez Kelly O'Connor Smith, W.Va. Mr. PoAGE changed his vote from "nay" to "yea." Fish Kennedy, Michael O'Day Snyder The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Fitzpatrick Keogh O'Leary Sparkman Flaherty Kilday Oliver Spence Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I move that Flannery Kinzer OWen Springer the House further insist upon its disagreement to the amend­ Ford, Leland M. Kirwan Pace Steagall Fries Kleberg Parsons Stefan ment of the Senate. Gamble Knutson Patman Sumner,nl. The motion was agreed to. Gathings Kocialkowski Patrick Sutphin Gavagan Kunkel Patton Talle The SPEAKER pro tempore. The Clerk will report the Gehrmann Landis Peterson, Fla. Taylor, Tenn. next amendment in disagreement. "Gerlach · Lanham Peterson, Ga. Thill The Clerk read follows: Geyer, Calif. Larrabee Pfeifer Thomas, N.J. a.S Gibbs Lea Pierce, N.Y. Thomason Senate amendment No. 18. Page 68, line 13, strike out "sec. 6" Gifford LeCompte Pierce, Oreg. Thorkelson and insert in lieu thereof "Sec. 7." Gilchrist Lemke Pittenger Tibbott Goldsborough Lesinski Plumley Tolan Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia.. Mr. Speaker, I move that the Gossett Lewis, Colo. Polk Treadway Graham Lewis, Ohio Powers Turner House further insiSt on its disagreement to the amendment Grant, Ala. Lord Rabaut VanZandt of the Senate. This involves just a section number. Grant, Ind. Luce Ramspeck Vinson. Ga. The motion was agreed to. Green McAndrews Randolph Voorhis, Calif. Grimth McArdle Rankin Vorys, Ohio DEFICIENCY BILL-cONFERENCE REPORT Griswold McCormack Reece, Tenn. Wadsworth Gross McDowell Reed, Dl. Wallgren Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I call up the Guyer, Kans. McKeough Reed, N.Y. Walter conference report on the bill

Mr. Speaker, here is a request for a new building, whiCh tion of public affairs~ to put up not only this building but one was first named the Census Building, and which was stricken or two other buildings of a similar type of cheap, economical by the Senate. Now it is the same package under a new construction, into which you could move some of the depart­ label because it is called a general Federal building, but the ments and stop paying the landlords of Washington a dollar ltem of $3,500,000 still remains. or a dollar and a half per square foot for high-priced office May I admonish you gentlemen if you want to practice a space where we are storing files. little economy today, in line with the language used in the Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, will the gentle­ reorganization bill by the members of the majority them­ man yield? selves on their own motion, this is a splendid time for the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield to the gentleman from minority and the majority to join in the great economy Tennessee. crusade. Let us kill this unnecessary building right now. Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. I noticed in the Merry-Go­ [Applause.] Round column a day or two ago that Mr. Jesse Jones had Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I yield myself committed himself to a loan of $5,600,000 to a couple of 5 minutes. gentlemen from Chicago to build a 12- or 15-story office Mr. Speaker, this bill is an economy bill, in line with the · building oh the McLean property, and in the same transac­ cute little placards that I understand are being hung around tion agreed to rent the property for the use of the Recon­ the Treasury Department, and it does promote recovery. struction Finance Corporation. The building at present oc­ This will promote recovery. cupied by the R. F. c. will be vacated shortly and we will · Mr. TABER. Will the gentleman yield for a question? have another building vacant which could be used for this Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Certainly. or some similar purpose. · Mr. TABER. Is this not economy along the line of the Mr. WOODRUM - of Virginia. The gentleman does not statement made by a great humorist, Artemus Ward, quoted seriously suggest the building of the R. F. C. would be ready during the last session, "Let us all be happy and live.within our for the Census Bureau to occupy in less than 12 months from means, even if we have to borrow the money to do it with"? now? Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. It is about as humorous as Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. I do not know whether it the position of my Republican friends over here who preach would be ready by that time or not. · economy, who profess to be interested in national defense, yet Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I imagine the gentleman reach down into a depleted Treasury and knock a hole in the would. have some uncertainty about it. . bottom of it by handing out to the enlisted men of the armed Mr. TAYLOR of Tennessee. But it could be used for some services a Christmas present of $5,000,000 or $6,000,000, wl.th other activity later. the idea of inducing men who have served three, four, five, or Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. We need a few utilitarian­ six enlistments to reenlist and not let younger men get into type buildings. The House passed on this matter the other the service. day. I hope, Mr. Speaker, the motion I have made will be Mr. COLLINS~ Will the gentleman yield? agreed to. Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield to the gentleman from Mr. Speaker, I move the previous question on the motion. MississippL The previous question was ordered. Mr. COLLINS. The gentleman is exactly right. Those The SPEAKER pro tempore. The question is on the mo­ favoring that proposition hurt rather than help national tion -of the gentleman from Virginia to recede and concur defense. We should not keep-the ranks filled up with old men in the Senate amendment with an amendment. and we should discourage rather than encourage so many Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I deman.d a division. reenlistments if we ever expect to have worth-while Reserve The House divided, and there were-ayes 74, noes 79. forces. Mr. WOODRUM of Virgb:iia. Mr. Speaker, I demand the Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. The gentleman has made a yeas and nays. contribution to the discussion. The yeas and nays were ordered. Mr. BOLLES. Will the gentleman yield? The question was taken; and there were-yeas 181, nays 158, Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield to the gentleman from not voting 94, as follows: Wisconsin. [Roll No. 31] _ Mr. BOLLES. I should like to remind the gentleman we YEAS-181 did not vote for the Gilbertsville Dam over here· Allen, Pa. Cullen Hendricks Monroney Mr· WOODRUM of Virginia. We all have sins to answer Barnes Cummings Hill Moser Barry D'Alesandro Hobbs Murdock ~ Artz. for, and I am talking now about the sins of you gentlemen. Bates, Ky. Darden Hook Murdock, Utah Speaking particularly with 'reference to this bill, I may say Beam Dempsey Houston Myers there is not a businessman on your side of the aisle who would Bland Dickstein Jarman Nelson Bloom Dlngell Johnson,LutherA.Norrell not put up this building if he had a similar proposition pre­ Boland Doxey Johnson, W.Va. Norton sented to him. We are renting in· the District of Columbia Boren Drewry Jones, Tex. ·o·connor 120 different buildings for governmental activities. If the Boykin Dunn Kee O'Day Bradley, Pa. Durham Kelly O'Leary reorganization bill accomplishes something, which we all hope Brooks Eberharter Kennedy, Michael O'Neal it will, and we can get rid of·half of these buildings, we still Brown, Ga. Elliott Keogh Pace Buck Ellis Kilday Parsons would have to rent 60 buildings. If we have any business Buckler, Minn. ·Fay Kirwan Patman ability about us at all we must concede it to be good business Buckley, N.Y. Fernandez Kitchens Patrick practice to put up a utilitarian type of building costing three Bulwtnkle Fitzpatrick Kleberg Patton Burch Flaherty Koclalkowskl Pearson and a half million dollars, which, if we do not.erect and put Burgin Flannagan Lanham Peterson, Fla. up, we shall have to · get someone else to build for us, and Byron Flannery Leavy Pierce, Oreg. the cheapest bid the Department can get for the occupancy Cannon, Mo. Folger Lesinski Rabaut Cartwright Ford, Miss. Lewis, Colo. Ramspeck of.such a building is $400,000 a year. Chandler Ford, Thomas P. McAndrews Randolph Mr. KNUTSON. Will the gentleman yield? Chapman Fries McArdle Rankin Clark Garrett McCormack Robertson Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. I yield to the gentleman from ClaypOol Gathings McKeough Robinson, Utah Minnesota. · Cochran Gavagan McMillan, John L. Rogers, Okla. Mr. KNUTSON. What assurances have we that will be so Coffee, Nebr. Geyer, Callf. McMillan, Thos. S.RomJue Coffee, Wash. Gibbs Maciejewski Ryan if half of these buildings ·are vacated? We have not ex­ Cole,Md. Goldsborough Magnuson Sacks hausted the alphabet yet. Collins Gossett Mahon Sasscer Connery Grant,. Ala. Maloney Satterfield Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. We have no asSUra.nce about Cooley Green Mansfield Schaefer, ill. anything, but we can always hope~ and I hope along with Corbett Gregory Marcantonio Schuetz the rest. However, as far as this particular building is con­ Costello Grtmth Martin, Colo. Schwert cox . Hare Martin, Dl. Scrugham cerned, it would be the part of good business on the part of Crosser Havenner Mills, Ark. Secrest this Government, and on the -part of economical administra- Crowe Healey MUls, La. Shanley 2528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 Shannon South Thomas, Tex. White, Idaho ·Mr. O'Toole (for) with Mr. Bender (against). Sheppard Sparkman -Tolan Whittington Mr. Hennings (for) with Mr. Cluett (against). Sirovich Spence Vincent, Ky. Williams, Mo. Mr. Bell (for) with Mr. Maas (against) . Smith, Conn. Steagall Vinson, Ga. Woodrum, Va. Mr. Kennedy of Maryland (for) with Mr. LeCompte (against). Smith, Va. Sutphin Wallgren Zimmerman Mr. Curley (for) with Mr. Sandager (against). Smith, Wash. Tarver Walter Mr. casey of Massachusetts (for) with Mr. Fish (against). Smith, W.Va. Taylor, Colo. Warren Mr. Daly (for) with Mr. Vreeland (against). Snyder Terry Weaver General pairs: NAY8-158 Alexander Engel Kinzer Rees, Kans. Mr. May with Mr. Duncan. Andersen, H. Carl Englebrlght Knutson Rich Mr. Creal with Mr. West. Anderson, Mo. Fenton Kunkel Risk Mr. Kerr with Mr. Hunter. Andresen, A. H. Fulmer Lambertson Robs!on, Ky. Mr. Dies with Mr. Barden. Angell Gamble Landis Rockefeller Mr. Caldwell with Mr. Faddis. Arends Gartner Larrabee Rodgers, Pa. · Mr. Sweeney with Mr. Whelchel. Arnold Gehrmann Lemke Rogers, Mass. Mr. Ferguson with Mr. Wood. Austin Gerlach Lewis, Ohio Routzahn Mr. Disney .with Mr. Richards. Ball Gifford Lord Rutherford Mr. McGehee with Mr. Lyndon B. Johnson. Barton Gilchrist Luce Schafer. Wis. Mr. RoBERTSON changed his vote from "nay" to "yea." Bates, Mass. Gillie Ludlow Schiffier Beckworth Gore McDowell Shafer, Mich. The result of the vote was announced as above recorded. Blackney Graham McLaughlin Simpson A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Boehne Grant, Ind. McLean Smith, Maine Bolles Griswold McLeod Smith, Ohio Mr. WOODRUM of Virginia. Mr. Speaker, I propound a Bradley, Mich. Gross Mapes Springer unanimous-consent request, which I send to the Clerk's desk. Brewster Guyer, Kans. Marshall Stefan The Clerk read as follows: Brown, Ohio GwYnne Martin, Iowa Sumner,m. Bryson Hall Martin, Mass. Taber Unanimous-consent request propounded by Mr. WOODRUM of Vlr· Burdick Halleck Mason Talle ginia: On page 5 of the engrossed bill H. R. 2868, 1n line 2, after the Byrns, Tenn. Harness Massingale Taylor, Tenn. figure "$850,000", insert the following: "Provided, That such aLidi· Carlson Harter, N. Y. Michener Thill tional sum shall also be available for administrative expenses of the Carter Hawks Miller Thomas, N.J. Wage and Hour Division for the fiscal year 1939 heretofore incurred, Case, S.Dak. Heinke Monklewicz Thorkelson otherwise properly chargeable thereto." Chiperfleld Hess Mott Tibbott Church Hinshaw Murray Tinkham The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the Clason Hoffman Nichols Treadway Clevenger Holmes O'Brien VanZandt :request of the gentleman from Virginia? Colmer Hope Oliver Vorys, Ohio There was no objection. Crawford . Horton Owen Wadsworth The amendment was agreed to. Culkin Hull Peterson, Ga. Welch Curtis Jacobsen Pierce, N.Y. Wheat A motion to reconsider was laid on the table. Darrow Jarrett Pittenger White, Ohio Dirksen Jenkins, Ohio Plumley Wigglesworth EXTENSION OF REMARKS Dondero Jensen Poage Williams, Del. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent Dowell Johns Polk Winter Dworshak Johnson, Dl. Powers Wolcott to revise and extend in the RECORD the remarks I intend to Eaton, Calif. Johnson, Ind. Reece, Tenn. Woodru1f. Mich. make later in Committee of the Whole and include therein Edmiston Jones, Ohio Reed,Dl. excerpts from the RECORD of March 2. Elston Kean Reed,N. Y. NOT VOTING-94 The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there objection to the Allen,m. Disney Keefe Schulte request of the gentleman from New York? Allen, La. Ditter Keller Seccombe There was no objection. Anderson, Calif. Doughton Kennedy, Martin Seger Andrews Douglas Kennedy, Md. Short INTERIOR DEPARTMENT APPROPRIATION BILL, 1940 Ashbrook Duncan Kerr Smith, Til. Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, I niove that the Barden Eaton, N.J. Kramer Somers, N.Y. Bell Evans Lea Starnes, Ala;. House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole House Bender Faddis LeCompte Stearns, N. H. on the state of the Union for the consideration of the bill Bolton Ferguson McGehee Sullivan Byrne,N. Y. Fish McGranery Sumners, Tex.

Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent TABLE I.-ShOWing the cases wherein the amount cla.fm.ed fs specified to revise and extend my own remarks in the RECORD and in the petitions and shOWing the amount of interest involved (where interest is cla,imed), calculated to July 1, 1938-Continued include therein a letter I have received .from the Attorney General. ·Number of Plaintiff tribe Amount Interest to The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman from Missouri must get case clafmed July 1, 1938 consent to include extraneous material from the House it­

self. C-531-4______Sioux------~-- $8, 000, 000. 00 Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Chairman, when it can be shown by C-531-6 ______do._------140,000.00 c-s:n-7 ------_____ do.------189, 368, 531. 05 $715,813,047. 18 official records that $2,384,744,675.52 is involved in claims C-531-8 ______do._------C-531-9______do ______7, 083, 770. 93 23, !;l01, 470.00 against the Government I am sure it is the duty. of every C-531-10 ______.do ______:__ 100,000.00 354,000.00 15, 000, 000. 00 58, 500, 000. 00 Member of Congress to take notice of such a situation. C-5.'H-1L ______do_------~---- 40, 000, 000. 00 98, 000, 000. 00 C-531-12 ______.do______------For a number of years I have taken an interest in legisla­ C-531-13 ______do ______1, 903, 023. 22 1, 826, 902. 28 62,648.89 259,366.17 tion that has been advanced where attorneys for Indians and C-531-14.~---- ______do ______105,024.14 333,976.85 C-531-15 ______do ______------Indian tribes have attempted to secure the passage of legisla­ C-531-16 ______do ______96,000.00 432,000.00 .75, 953.71 1, 628,311. 54 tion that would amend an original jurisdictional act wherein C-531-17------___ ..do _____ ------200,000.00 408,000.00 C-531-18 ______..do ______------the Congress enabled them to file suit against the United C-531-19 ______do ______1, 650, 000. 00 3, 089, 000. 00 525,000.00 882,000.00 States in the Court of Claims. C-531-20 ______.do ______------C-531-21. ______do ______25,000.00 42,000.00 The older Members will recall that the deficiency bill ap­ 100,000.00 172,000.00 C-531-22 ______.______.do _____ ------______C-531-23 ______do ______685,254. 75 1, 315, 688. 96 proved AugUst 12, 1935, section 2 of title I, extended to the 1, 525, 000. 00 2, 745, 000. 00 Government the right to offset the claims filed by the Indians C-531-24 ___ ;..______do ______---~------___ _ 1, 750,000.00 3, 150. 000. 00 M-112 ______Warm Springs ______5, 100, 000. 00 by showing advances, gratuities, and so forth made to the E-542 ______· Wichita et aL ______11,387,039.00 29, 629;106. 38 various Indian tribes. M-421______Winnebago ______1, 719, 106. 28 7, 722, 164. 96 This section in the deficiency act was added after the Total in Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments, of 61 cases. ------615, 953, 506. 40 1, 498,922, 593. 41 which I am chairman, had thoroughly investigated the cases then pending. TABLE ll In order that information might be available showing the In the following cases the petitions do not specify the amounts present status of the claims, I have secured a complete list of claimed, but for statistical purposes the aggregate principal amount has been estimated as being $117,197,023.25,1 and the aggregate Indian cases pending at the present time in the Court of interest (calculated to July 1, 1938) has been estimated as being 1 Claims. This list shows the number of Indian claims as of $152,671,552.46/ ' January 31, 1939. The list gives the court docket number, the Number of case: Plaintiff tribe name of each plaintiff tribe, the principal amount claimed, K--336------Chickasaw. . and interest, where claimed, computed to July 1, 1938. In L-253------Choctaw and Cbctckasaw. those cases where no amount is claimed an estimated aggre­ F--369------Creek. FL373------Ilo. gate principal amount and the estimated aggregate interest L-78------I>o. to July 1, 1938, is supplied. · L-133______I>o. This statement also makes known the fact that the total L-136------Ilo. L-137------Ilo. amount set forth does not include interest in many cases L-205------I>o. where interest was not claimed originally, but in which inter­ L-87K--344------______.._ ____ :______Seminole.Indians of Califor.nUL est would be allowed under the theory of the Shoshone lk-88------Ilo. ·Tribe v. United States (299 U.S. 476), decided April 25, 1938. L-89______I>o. This list was 'furnished to me by the Attorney General, and, L-123______I>o. of course, is authentic. It follows: L-132------I>o. L-207---~------I>o. TABLE I.-Shotoing the cases wherein the amount c~imed is specified in the petitionS and showing the amount of interest involved L-233------D-776...., ______;:. ______.:. _____ YanktonIlo. Sioux. (where interest is claimed), calculated to July 1, 1938 44297 ------·------· Menominee. 44298 ______· ------· I>o. Number of Amount Interest to 44299------44300 ______,· I>o.Ilo. case Plaintiff .tribe claimed July 1,1938 44301------· I>o . . 44302------· I>o. K-103 ______Arapaho and Cheyenne ______$35, 151, 911. 50 $71,208,478.74 44306--·------· I>o. J-8 __ ------Cherokee ______------8, 916, 170. 20 1., 414,475.16 L-46 ______, ____ .do______------·--- 699,793.05 103,613.44 1 The estimate of the principal amounts in the cases where no L-257 ------____ .dO------10, 454, 994. 94 22,478,239.20 amount is specified is arrived at by taking the average of the L-266 ______-· ____ .do ______------3, 750, 000. 00 10, 593, 750. 00 amounts claimed in those suits (table I) in which the amounts are L-268L-267 ------______.do.dO------~------______319,584.89 667,564.58 407,655.06 specified. In ascertaining this average, however, the Sioux case, .c!080. ------____ .do._------4, 581, 600. 00 ---io;575;soo~oo C-531-7, and the Creek case, L-234, have been eliminated from the K-334. ------Chickasaw------~------43,563.75 137,951.38 calculations, because it is felt that the extremely high demands in K-544. ------_____ do._------1, 697, 653. 57 3, 267, 536. 85 these cases would reflect a higher average for normal cases than K-187 _ ------Choctaw----~------1, 000, 000.00 would be justified. · · K-260. ----~ - ·--- ____ .do. __ ------6, 391, 603. 09 2 In 14 of ·the 25 cases llsted above interest has been claimed. K-281. ---·------____ .do. __ ------1, 162, 500. 00 The interest has been estimated in the same manner as was the H-37b______Choctaw and Chickasaw------2, 883, 620. 00 ---·a;77o;700~oo principal. 1~20- _ ------____ .do ___ ------12, 511, 039. 00 20,386,697.03 H-163. ------Chippewa ______19, 076, 000. 00 35, 250, 666. 66 M-135 ______.do._------511,290.00 978,871.88 TABLE ill L-206 _____ • ---~- Creek.~------270,283.71 793,282.58 The following ts a list of Indian tribes which have been granted L-234 ------_____ do ______150, 000, 000. 00 336, 000, 000. 00 B-415______Flandreau Sioux ______permission to sue the United States but which have not yet filed 475,596.00 their actions: E-350______Klamath .. ------~------995,000.00 44294 ______Menominee ______1, 020, 000. 00 84,109.56 Wisconsin Chippewas, act of August 30, 1935 (49 Stat. 1049) . . 44295.------. _____ do ______40,447.65 130,106.06 Tlingit and Hulda Indians of Alaska, act of June 19, 1935 (49 44296. _ ------_____ do ______?9, 576.77 Stat. 388). 44303.------______do ______------300,000.00 372,000.00 •4~04 _ -----______do ______------2, liOO, 000. 00 Red Lake Band of Chippewas, act of June 28, 1938 (Public, No. 44305. _ ------_____ do ______. ______------·- 6, 000, 000. 00 735). K-107 ------Nez Perce______3, 266, 826. 22 145,648.81 Utes, act of June 28, 1938 (Public, No. 754). L-194______Nez Perce (Joseph's Band) ______500,000. 00 . Oregon Indians, act of August 26, 1935 ( 49 Stat. 801). M-387 ------Pillager Chippewa ______86i, 000.00 3, 931, 200. 00 L-23 ____ -----___ . Quinaielt. ______8, 500,000. 00 Amount claimed in 61 cases where the amount lr-5L _____ ------Sem.inole •• ------1, 15.\ 022. 72 claimed is stated (table I)------$615, 953, 506. 40 L-208 ______do ______------~----. 250,000.00 ------675;ooo:oo Amount of interest claimed in 44 of these cases L-209______do._ ------C------226,294.20 701,539.41 H-211______Saginaw et al., Chippewa ______3, 101, 325. 60 (table 1)------1,498,922,593.41 M-107 ______Northwestern Shoshones ______15, 070, 000. 00 C-53L______Sioux._------16, 830, 802. 51 Total of table L------2, 114, 876, 099. 81 C-531-2______do._------8, 000, 000. 00 2530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 Estimated principal amount in 25 cases (table II)_ $1"17, 197, 023. 25 As 1llustrative of the extreme care necessary in work of this Estimated amount of interest in 14 of these cases nature, and what might be included or omitted, reference is made (table 11)------152,6~1,55~.46 . to the report on the petition of the Delaware 1rribe of Indians, Court of Claims No; H-221. Petition in this suit was filed May 31, 1937, 1rotal of table 11------269,868,575.71 and was based on certain transactions pursuant to an agreement dated December 14, 1843, between the Delaware and Wyandotte Amount of principal, actual (table I)------615, 953, 506. 40 Tribes of Indians. Under this agreement the Delawares ceded to Amount of principal, estimated (table II)------117, 1"7, 023. 25 the Wyandottes 39 sections of land in the State of Kansas, and as Amount of interest, actual (table I)------1, 498, 9~2. 593.41 consideration therefor the Wyandottes agreed to pay the Delawares Amount of interest, estimated (table II)------152, 671, 552. 46 $6,080 in the year 1844, and $4,000 annually·for 10 years thereafter, or a total of $46,080, payable by January 1, 1855. It was alleged by 1 1rotal amount involved in 86 cases ------2, 384,744,675. 52 the Delaware 1rribe that the sum of $6,080 only had been paid by the Wyandotte 1rribe, and that the balance of $40,000, with interest 1 This total does not include. interest in many cases where interest at 5 percent per annum from January 1, 1855, to date of judgment, was not claimed originally, but in which interest now would be was still due them. While this was a transaction between two tribes allowed under the·theory of Shoshone Tribe v. United States (299 of Indians, the United States was made party to the suit as trustee U. S. 476), decided Apr. 2'5, 1938. In most of these cases, because of their funds. · of the long lapse of time stnce the acts complained of, the amount A careful search of the records of_this omce failed to disclose any of interest would be t.hree or four times the amount of the principal. informat.ion relative to the allegations of the Delaware 1rribe, inas­ much as the records of this omce pertain only to disbursements in I have repeatedly· stated on the floor or the House that fiscal omcers' accounts and claims settlements, while the transaction billions of dollars are involved in these claims, and I cannot concerned involved payment by the Wyandottes to the Delawares. see how anyone, in view of the above list, can now challenge Such being the case, it appeared that our report, if based solely on the records of this otfice, would be of no material value to a my statement. proper disposition of the issue. Accordingly, it was thought that Contained in the annual report of the Comptroller General since the transaction involved only the Indians themselves, some is a statement in reference to Indian tribal claims, and I record might have been made of the payment by the Indian agent include that statement as a part of my remarks. It follows: in charge of these ~ndians and forwarded to the Indian Otfice. Pursuant thereto, a careful and thorough search was made of the INDIAN TRIBAL CLAIMS Indian Otfice .files, which resulted in finding a receipt dated August This is an activity of this otfice which has been revived during 1, 1851, showing payment in full by the Wyandottes to the Dela- the past year, after a brief lapse, by the ·enactment of new juris­ wares in accordance with 'tbe aforementioned agreement. , dictional legislation. The work· consis~s of comp1ling reports and . The petition was dismissed on plaintiffs' motto~ by the Court statistics for -use in suits brought in the Court of Claims by cer­ of Claixns on May 5, 19.30, based on the record of the receipt as tain Indian tribes under jurisdictional acts passed by Congress, for set out in our report. By reason of this dismissal the United States the recovery of amounts alleged to be due on treaty obligations or avoided a possible liabil1ty in the amount of approximately $190,- . to more adequately compensate the tribes for land taken. The 684.88, representing the principal sum of $40,000, plus interest jurisdictional acts also authorized 'the Government to offset any thereon at 5 percent per annum from January 1, 1855, to May 5, gratuities theretofore paid on behalf of the Indians. 1930, totaling $150,684.88. During the period 1925 to 1936 there was a large volume of this . The cost of compiling the report in this case was approximately work, but gradually thereafter the reports were compiled and $510.40. From the foregoing it can readily be seen that a saving · completed, and the personnel absorbed elsewhere. The final re­ accrued to .the United States of approximately $190,174.48, which port was completed and- filed ·in the · Department of Justice on figure represents about .one-sixth of the total cost incurred In October 12, 1936, ·at which time-the force was entirely disbanded. • compiling. reports on all Indian cases during the period 1925-36. However, other jurisdictional acts have been passed at recent ses- , An idea of the magnitude of the work performed from 1925 to 1936 sions of Congress and during the past year one petition, that of may be had from the following. The records of this omce indicate the Menominee 1rribe of Indians, was -filed in the Court of Claims. the receipt of more or less definite claims totaling $878,189,891.39. Accordingly, this activity has been resumed and its functions will Original and supplemental reports were prepared and filed in con­ undoubtedly continue and increase during the coming year as nection with 103 cases or petitions; said reports consisting of 62 vol­ petitions of other tribes are filed for suit. umes in improvised bindings, totaling 33,937 pages of text, tabula­ 1rhe work in connection with these Indian claixns requires ut­ tions, and statements, and 60 letter reports of varying numbers of most care and painstaking effort, together · with a clear under­ pages. The Sioux petition, which incidentally has beep split up into standing of the accounts, claims, ·treaties, statutes, Indian Otfice 24 separate causes of action, was reported in eight volumes compriS­ reports, records, etc., and· other records and data having any bear­ ing 4,385 pages of text, tabulations, and statements. This consumed ing on the Indians and their transactions with the Government. approximately 7¥2 years and'cost approximately $177,344.89 in exam­ These latter include early War· Department reports, and those of ination and preparation. Work on other sizable reports consumed the Bureau of Ethnology; as well as reports and records of the from 6 months to 3 years. neasury· Department. Above all, the men assigned to this work, It is roughly estimated that the Menominee report now bel~ pre­ and more particularly those in charge of. given phases thereof, pared pursuant to petition filed in the Court of Claims on Septem­ must be fully capable of analyzing and properly evaluating the ber 2, 1937, under the act· of September 3, 1935 (49 Stat. 1085), w111 varying situations and circumstances and to follow these through require 18 months for its completion. This claim is for $9,860,447 .69, to reasonable and logical conclusions. These cases, of course, must and represents a full accounting for all transactions beginning with be properly and adequately defended by the Department of Jus­ the treaty of 1854 to date. Of course, gratuity expenditures will have tice, but, in a large measure, at least, its defense ca:p. only be as to be compiled and reported as in other Indian cases. Furthermore, good as our reports. Incidentally, the cooperation between this reports on five or more other petitions for which jurisdictional acts otfice and the Department of Justice on this work, since its very have been passed, but petitions not yet filed, roughly estimated, will beginning, has been excellent, as has that between this otH-ce and consume the following . time for their preparation: 12 months for the Indian attorneys, notwithstanding the seeming clash of inter­ the Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska, 24 months for the Indians ests. This friendly feeling undoubtedly is due to the understand­ of Oregon, 18 months for the Chippewas of Wisconsin, 24 months ing by these attorneys that the policy of this otfice has been, and is, for the Utes, and 8 months for the Chippewas, Red Lake Band. ·to report the facts as the records present them whether favorable or unfavorable to the Indians. · Mr. Chairman, as a result of the experience as outlined by There is no satisfactory manner of estimating the additional the Co~ptroller General in the Delaware case, I recall several amount of gratuities which may be allowed as offsets in the cases years ago a resolution was introduced not to send a case to waiting disposition. the Court of Claims, but directing the Secretary of the Treas­ Notwithstanding that it is impossible to accurately estimate what the gratuities offset will ultimately total when all pending ury to pay to a certain tribe of Indians an amount the Court cases are adjudicated it is believed they will probably approximate of Clainis held was due. somewhere between thirty and fifty millions of dollars. · In that case the Department of the Interior filed a favor­ Furthermore and regardless o! the failure of the Indians to estab­ able recommendation. I called for a report from the Comp­ lish .their claims in a particular suit, and the consequent inability to offset gratuities, there is always the possibility of further juris­ troller General and it was found Congress appropriated and dictional acts and further court considerations, in which event the the amount of the claim was paid to the tribe in 1876. reports containing the gratuity expenditures are readily available Here you have examples which prove my statement, often for consideration. It w111 only be necessary to bring such reports to a current date. made on the floor, that the Commissioner of the Indian The total cost to the General Accounting Otfice of performing all Bureau does not have the records, and therefore the com­ of its examining, reporting, and incidental work during the years mittees of the House and Senate shoUld submit all bills from 1925 to 1936 was approximately $1,100,201.97. Much of this affecting Indian claims to the Comptroller General and Attor­ work comprised the preparation of full accountings, as authorized and required by the 'several jurisdictional acts; and in many in­ ney General for a report. Further, the replies of the Comp­ stances these accountings must definitely have established to the troller General and the Attorney General should be made satisfaction .of those representing the Indians that the long­ part of the report if the committee reports the bill or resolu­ cherished thoughts relative to the Government's failure to fulfill tion to the House. In the past I have secured the reports certain of its treaty obligations were purely myths. In other cases disclosures in the reports of this omce have resulted in yoluntary from the Comptroller General and the Attorney General and abandonment or dismissal of claims. will continue to do so if the committees do not. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE 2531 Every parliamentary means at my command will be used act, the Court of Claims should have no further jurisdiction to defeat b1lls and resolutions where changes in the jurisdic­ over claims growing out of the War of the Rebellion. That tional acts are recommended if the Government would be ended such litigation. Does it not appear that it would be placed at a disadvantage by their passage. well for the Congress to take similar action now and end this I am likewise opposed to the efforts that have been made racket in Indian claims? to provide for a direct appeal to the Supreme Court from -Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? a decision of the Court of Claims. There is no reason why Mr. COCHRAN. I yield to the gentleman. special privileges should be granted in cases of this character Mr. BURDICK. Has the gentleman any figures now show­ when all other citizens of the country are required to apply ing the amount of recovery that has been had on Indian to the Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari. claims in the Court of Claims since it started and what It is not generally known, but as all of the records relating percentage of the claims has been paid in money? to Indian tribes are in the possession of the General Ac­ Mr. COCHRAN. I cannot answer the gentleman's ques­ counting Office, and the attorneys for the Indians are en­ tion as to the amount of recovery, because they have been titled to the information that the General Accounting Ofilce recovering for a long time; but I do know they recovered assembles without any cost to them, despite the cost to the within the last year nine million and some odd thousand dol­ Government; and further, it is not generally known that the lars, close to $10,000,000, and the attorneys in the case have suits filed in the Court of Claims cost the Indians nothing already received nearly $800,000. Let me also say to the in the way of court costs. The Government f.oots the bill gentleman that the General Accounting Office has the record, even when·successful in defending the suit. and not the Indian Bureau. The General Accounting Ofilce Mr. Chairman, in closing I want to cite a recent example of is required when we pass a resolution to gather the facts for what these claims mean to the taxpayer. .While I was ill the Department ·of Justice, to base their defense, and, as I several years ago and unable to attend the sessions of .the have .shown, it has cost a very large amount for the General House, two resolutions, to which I had previously objected Accounting Ofilce to gather these facts. and kept from passing, were acted on favorably. They both Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield amended the original jurisdictional acts placing the Govern­ further? ment at a great disadvantage. What was the result? Final Mr. COCHRAN. I_yield. judgments in favor of the Klamath Tribe of Oregon and Mr. BURDICK. Is Jt not a fact that slightly over 2 percent the Shoshone Tribe of the Wind River Reservation of Wyo­ is all the recovery that has ever been had on Indian claims _ming were rendered in the Court of Claims. The Klamaths before· the. Court of Claims since the beginning of that court? received $5,313,347.32 and the Shoshones $4,408,444.23. Mr. COCHR~. · I say to the gentlema.n I do not know In the last session of Congress, contained in the second what the amount is, but we have paid a large amount of deficiency·bill, will be found an appropriation to pay the judg­ money to the Indians year after year-money that did not ments. $9,721,791.65 in all. · come through the Court of Claims. · In commenting on these cases the annual report of the Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Commissioner of Indian Affairs said in part: Mr. COCHRAN. Yes. Th~se two cases settled the question as to the scope of the title of Mr ~ RICH. Is it not a fact that the presentation of many an Indian tribe to- the reservation set apart for it by treaty. In the of these c;laims is a great racket for the attorneys in an Shoshone case the Supreme Court held that the tribe's right · of endeavor to get big fees in collecting this money, with the occupancy was as sacred p.nd as securely safeguarded as in fee..;simple absolute title, notwithstanding the fact that the United States idea they are getting it for the Indians, but it is more for the .retained the fee. Following this theory, it was held that the tribe's attorneys than it is for the Indians? · . right of occupancy in perpetuity included ownership of the land, Mr. COCHRAN. I know that the attorneys, if they fare as .mineral deposits, and standing timber on the reservation, and an well as the attorneys did in the cases that we settled last. award was made accordingly. Interest on the sums found to be due at the time-the reservation lands were taken was awarded both _year, are paid very liberal fees; $800,000 certainly is very tribes as a part of just compensation for a taking of property by the liberal. United States in the exercise of its power of eminent domain. Mr. BOREN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman from · Notice the reference to mineral deposits and timber. Some Missouri yield? of the suits now pending include claims for the timber that Mr. COCHRAN. I yield to the gentleman from Oklahoma. was taken from the land, as well as for mineral, and so forth, Mr. BOREN. Is it not a fact that all of these bills contain taken from the ground, one desiring to be reimbursed for a proviso limiting attorneys• fees? gold taken trom the Black Hills of South Dakota. Mr. COCHRAN. The bills do not, but there is a general - Following the passage by Congress of the appropriation to law to that effect; but the court, I will say to the gentleman, pay the claims, lawyers immediately appealed for their fees. is the one that awards the fees. · The records of· the General-Accounting omce show that al­ Mr. BOREN. Would it not solve the gentleman's purpose . ready one lawyer residing in the District of Columbia received in this attack to restrict further the size of the fees that $325,000 and another lawyer in the District of COlumbia could go to the attorneys? received $25,000, or a total of $350,000, in the Klamath case. Mr. COCHRAN. As far as the attorneys are concerned, In the Shoshone case, three Omaha la\Vyers and one lawyer yes; but it would not solve the question so far as I am from the District of Columbia jointly received $424,190. One concerned as to legislation granting the right to tribes to lawyer in La.ramie, _Wyo., received $15,000. A lawyer in Denver, sue in the Court of Claims and at the same time take away Colo., receiv~ $7,500. Another lawyer in Laramie, Wyo., re­ from the Government its defense. ceived $2,000, and a lawyer in Lincoln, Nebr.• received $800, Mr. BOREN. Would the gentleman indicate that he would which was a total of $449,490 that has already been paid to be opposed to permitting the Court of Claims to act on its the attorneys in this case. findings with respect to these matters? When attorneys can receive fees amounting to $784,490 in Mr. · COCHRAN. I am not opposed to permitting the two cases, is it any wonder why they are so insistent in their Court of Claims to act, but I do say that we should provide, demands that Congress change jurisdictional acts that will as the amendment to the deficiency act provides and which place the Government at a disadvantage and enable them was placed on the statute books, I think in 1935, that the to secure judgments as a result? Government has the right to charge off gratuities and ad­ Some of the claims date back over a hundred years. There _vances. This is what the new jurisdictional bill wants to are none growing out of alleged treaty violations-that are not set aside, taking away from the Government the right to over 50 years old. charge o:ff gratuities and advances and also for direct ap­ For many years the Court of Claims had jurisdiction and peals to the Supreme Court. a right no other citizen has. considered thousands growing out of the Civil War. This is what I oppose. I feel that if we have made ad­ Back in 1915 the late Hon. Oscar Underwood, the then vances and granted gratuities to the Indians, if the Indians majority leader of the House, placed an amendment on an have a claim against us we should have a right to charge omnibus claims bill that provided, a.fter the passage of the o1f that which we have already advanced. 2532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield and other welfare, but it owes a great obligation to the further? remainder of the people of Oklahoma. With the spread of Mr. COCHRAN. I yield further; yes. tuberculosis so marked in the ranks of Oklahoma Indians, Mr. BURDICK. What does the gentleman understand by it follows that the danger of this disease spreading among a "gratuity"? the white population is growing constantly higher. Mr. COCHRAN. I understand by a "gratuity" that it is Shawnee's sanatorium is centrally located and offers ex­ money we have given· to the Indians for various purposes. cellent transportation facilities. At the same time, it is far Mr. BURDICK. The gentleman will recall that moneys enough removed from the heavily populated Indian areas to charged up per capita for the operation of the Indian Bureau give ideal conditions for the treatment of Indian cases. in the United States every year equal about $36 per capita. Medical science has proved that any hospitalization of In­ Is not that true? dians presents many entirely different problems than is · Mr. COCHRAN. I do not know what -it is, I will say to the ·encountered with other races. With rest and diet so im­ gentleman. ·portant in ·the treatment of tuberculosis, the fact that the Mr. BURDICK. If ·the Indian claims were settled, would Shawnee Hospital offers some isolation from ·friends and the gentleman want to charge that cost against that tribe? .relatives of Indian victims is all the more reason why the Mr. COCHRAN. Let the court pass on that. I will say to Shawnee Hospital should be enlarged. the gentleman that a tribe -in his own district has about seven Conditions at the Shawnee Hospital cannot be made sat­ ·or eight sUits pending and they- amount · to about · $250,- ·isfactory until better housing facilities are provided. Most 000,000-that is what is involved in those suits. They want of the buildings have been in service for so long they are on money not only for the land but for the timber that was the verge of tumbling down. Most of them are firetraps. A taken off of the land and for the minerals, including the gold small amount of money can be spent to improve these facll­ ·that was taken out of the land. itie~. smaller than is possible in ·almost any other hospital [Here the gavel fell.] in the Indian Service. Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr.· Chairman, I yield now · It should be borne in mind that recent hospital develop­ to the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. BoRENJ. ·ments in Oklahoma and elsewhere in the Indian service have Mr. BOREN. Mr. Chairman, adequate hospitalization for · .been almost entirely devoted to general hospital needs, and tubercular Indians necessitates an increase in the present · that only .a small part of this money has been used to provide facilities. ·facilities for treating. tuberculosis. The people of Oklahoma, including Indians and all other On the basis of actual statistics, hundreds of Indians of all races, are faced with a steadily increasing threat of tuber­ ages will die in the next few years who otherwise could be culosis. It is a known fact that Indians are more susceptible . cured, unless Congress provides sufficient appropriations im­ ·to this wptte plague. than any other race of people. · The ·mediately. Office of Indian Affairs reports that more than 560 Indians The administrative staff at the Shawnee Hospital has done died· of tuberculosis ·in Oklahoma last year. Their surveys -a marvelous job in spite of its poor equipment. The hospital also show there is an average of 9 active cases of tuber­ has brought credit from every medical source to the Indian culosis among Indians for every death recorded; which indi­ ·Service and to the Government. cates that we have more than 5,000 active cases of tubercu­ Congress should reward this fine Service by providing a losis among Oklahoma's 90,000 agency Indian population at little little extra help for the worthy program it offers. It the present time. should be remembered that after these additional buildings · Medical authorities also have agreed that at least two beds are provided, and the increase is made in the number of cases for every death should be available in hospitals to treat that can be handled, the cost of administration will be very tuberculosis victims. With an average annual death rate of small-much smaller than will be possible in any other more than 560 Indians in Oklahoma, this State should have Indian hospital in Oklahoma. Thus, this appropriation will available at least 1,100 hospital beds to treat victims of the actually be an economical step. disease. Indians from more than half the States in the Union have As a matter of fact, the Indian Service now has available been sent to the Shawnee HoSpital for treatment, particularly ·in the State only 343 hospital beds, as follows: Shawnee, in cases where the most expert care is required to stave off 150; Kiowa, 27; Talihina, 150; and Pawnee, 16. death. The hospital enjoys the best reputation of any The Shawnee sanatorium is in urgent need of an additional institution among the Indians themselves, which makes it appropriation of $275,000 to complete its· building program. much easier for the Indian Service to encourage Indians to ·This will increase to at least 250 beds the present facilities. submit to treatment there. This problem of convincing In­ Infirmary, laboratory, and other facilities already installed dians they should enter hospitals is a difficult one because of cannot be used to the full extent of their capacity until this the peculiar nature of the tribesmen and the confidence additional building program is completed. these Indians have in the Shawnee institution is no mere There is no hospital facilities in the Indian Service where accident. so small a sum can be spent for so large an increase in Congress already has appropriated and spent the money facilities. There is no other hospital in the Indian Service required for the most expensive improvements at the hos­ which operates at as low a per diem cost as the Shawnee pital. Unless additional funds are made available to com­ Hospital. No other Indian hospital can boast of the fact plete the job, there is a waste of work already done which that nine high-class surgeons in private life donate their threatens. · services at $1 a year, as in the case at Shawnee. Recapitulation----Shawnee sanatorium, Shawnee, Okla. The Shawnee Hospital has a waiting list of from 40 to 80 Project No. 1. Men's sem.lambulant building ______$80, 000 Project No. 2. Remodeling women's semiambulant building_ 25, 000 emergency cases on file all the time and is forced to deny Project No. 3. Combination attendants' quarters and mess hospitalization to many Indians who must have medical help building ______35,000 or face immediate death. Project No. 4. Fireproof auditorium and occupational ther- The official Service surveys show that in spite of the slow Projectapy building------~------No. 5. Central heating plant______100,35,000 000 increase in tuberculosis hospital facilities made available in Oklahoma, the steady increase in infection among the Indian Total------·------·--- 275,000 citizens has ·not been checked. The birth rate among Okla­ Project No. 1, men's semiambulant building, $80,000: For purposes homa Indians is almost twice as high as that among other of treatment,r patients with tuberculosis fall into three general races, indicating a steady increase in Indian population, con­ classes, each requiring a different course of treatment, namely: (1) bed cases; (2) ambulant or walking cases; and (3) a transitional trary to the common 'belief that the Indian races are van­ group known as semiambulant, or dressing-gown cases, who are not ishing. physically able to follow the regime:o. of the ambulant case, yet do not require continuous confinement in bed. Congress has assumed guardianship of more than 90,000 Good medical and administrative practice does not permit the Indians in Oklahoma. It not only owes a solemn and treatment of the semiambulant case along with either the bed or sacred duty to these wards in the protection of their health the ambulant case because of the difllculties imposed by different 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2533 hours .of rest, differences 1n diet, and the dlfterent character of erty, freedom of action, and possession of liberty which we· as nursing service required. . At this time there is abSolutely no provision tor proper treatment Americans enjoy. We pledged ourselves anew to forever in of semiambulant males and· the need should be corrected by the this land preserve those priceless heritages. construction of a :fireproof building of proper arrangement with a It is then, in view of the great value which we by our bed capacity of about 30. words put upon the liberties which we possess, strange, This would provide proper facillties-for the treatment of a num­ ber of male patients now being treated either as bed or ambulant indeed, how easily we ourselves submit to the deprivation cases, but who, properly, should be treated as semlambulants, and of some of those liberties and dodge the issue when someone would release beds to some of the many now on our waiting list here deprives us of our rights as free men. whose condition requires complete bed rest, but who cannot now be accepted for treatment because no beds are available. It must be amazing to foreign dictators to note how the Project No.2, remodeling women's semiambulant building, $25,000: President himself and Members of the House obey the will The butlding now housing 18 female ambulant patients 1s a frame of those who possess political power, who control votes. structure, built in 1905, with inadequate internal arrangements, It took us more than 2 years to get a formal, authoritative and, as with a frame building a fire hazard. As an example of the danger from fire inherent in this type of structure, this one was declaration that the right of a. man to possession of his own struck by lightning at night several months ago, and upon exami­ property, the right of a man to work, was sacred, and that nation the next morning it was found that holes were burned in the the deprivation of that right was a violation of the law of the shingle roof at several spots, and probably the fact that a heavy rain was fall1ng at the time was all that prevented a disastrous fire that land. could easily have resulted in loss of life, and at the best would have At the beginning, common sense, straight thinking, told us unduly exposed sick patients. . that the sit-down strikes were unlawful, but high Govern­ It should be remodeled so as to afford the maximum bed space for ment officials condoned them, countenanced civil strife while ·the cubic contents, and should be fireproofed and insulated against the weather, as in its present condition it can be kept warm only they were carried on, and refused to set in motion the orderly by heavy expenditure for fuel. processes of government to end them. Project No. 3, combination attendants' quarters and mess build­ Now here in the National Capital today the same question ing, $35,000: The attendant personnel and the employees' mess din­ ing hall are now quartered in two old frame buildings, one two­ which arose in the sit-down strikes is before the people. That storied and one one-storied, constructed about 1900. Both buildings question is this: Must a man, in order to hold a job in a. are in a condition of decay; the foundations have settled until floors Washington hotel, sign on the dotted line? Must he join are out of plumb by as much as a foot in a room; they are major firetraps; they are totally inadequate as to toilet conveniences and a particular oi'ganization or quit his job? The statement of as to fioor space. Their condition 1s such that it is impossible to the question should bring its oWn. obvious answer, if we are make more than temporary repairs to prevent them from falllng to live under a government where the individual is free. apart, and in a word-they are a disgrace to the institution. In It is proposed to raze both buildings and replace them with one the General Motors sit-down strikes those who wanted· two-storied fireproof building adequate to house 20 attendants, male to work were told that they must sign on the dotted line of and female, and to accommodate the employees' kitchen and mess a certain labor organization. Today those who would work dining halL in Washington hotels are told that they must join a rival Project No. 4, fireproof auditorium and occupational therapy building, $35,000: This 1s a two-story frame structure originally con­ labor organization. Some 13 hotels here in Washington are structed in 1916 for use as a schoolhouse. It 1s now used down­ picketed because the owners or the management of those stairs for the occupational therapy department, and upstairs as an hotels refused to require free, law-abiding American citizens auditorium for the showing, of motion pictures and patients' parties. to quit their jobs or join a certain organization. · Up until this year there was only one means of egress from the second fioor, by way of a narrow, crooked stairway. We were able to Since when has the right to earn a. livelihood been de;. obtain a used tubular fire escape, which has been installed, thus pendent upon the joining or the not joining of some particu:­ somewhat lessening the possibility of a major disaster. However, lar group or organization? the fact remains that in thts type of structure a fire can spread very rapidly, and there is always the danger of panic, and in the cause The degree of liberty which we surrender is not the im­ of safety the building should be replaced with a one-story fireproof portant question. 'Tile all-important question is whether we structure. · retain our liberty; whether we as Americans will permit any Project No. 5, central heating plant, $100,000: At this time each building has its individual heating plant, burning natural gas. The organization to say that any man shall not work here or economic waste in fuel and repairs, and general upkeep under such there, in this place or that, because he is not a member of a system is quite obvious. It 1s believed that the institution would that organization. If once we surrender to such a demand, greatly benefit from a central heating plant. there is no reason why it cannot and will not be extended Request for additional building funds for the Shawnee to cover other activities. Indian sanatorium is not a mere matter of community pride If an organization can make good its demand that I shaD in trying to get bigger and better Federal projects. The not work, for example, in the Willard Hotel until I have joined Shawnee Hospital is the only 100-percent tuberculosis sana­ its ranks, is there, then, any reason why some other organi­ torium in the entire Indian Service in Oklahoma, and it holds zation shall not say that I shall not live in the Methodist the finest record of any institution of its kind in the United Building, where I now reside, until all those who are em­ States. ployed in or about that building become members of that Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 20 minutes to the gentle­ organization and contribute toward its support? man from Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN]. Within the week a Congressman from Michigan was called Mr. HOFFMAN. · Mr. Chairinan, for weeks the President on the phone and requested in a Polite but tn a. very firm has been chiding and reproving Old World dictators. He has manner that he should move out of the hotel where he has been very critical of the acts of Hitler, which, it is said, resided for several years and not return until the demands have deprived people in that country of their freedom of of those who were on strike at that hotel were granted. action-of their civil and religious liberty. He has expressed Last year the same Member was told that, if he did not bitter condemnation of the acts of foreign dictators which he give up his residence in that particular hotel he would be intimates have deprived the people of those countries of their reported back to his district as opposed to union labor. I opportunities to engage in business, to conduct their own happen to know that that particular Member is a strong private affairs, in their own way. and a stanch friend of labor and has consistently voted for Whatever may be said of the wisdom of his policy of criti­ labor legislation. Yet those whom he has aided, through their cizing foreign rulers and their political policies, practically representatives, now presume to tell him where he shall make all of our people will agree with the broad principles which his home. he advocates. Some persist in the statement that I am unfriendly to It is easy to see the mote in the foreign eye; the beam l~bor. Nothing could be further from the truth. Labor for in the domestic organ escapes our attention, even though it many months has been the victim of some who would ex­ be next door to the Nation's Capital. ploit it. 'Tile true friends of labor are those who favor leg­ Here in America on Saturday last, in this Hall and city, we islation which will protect the man who · works, not only celebrated the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the against his employer, but .against the profiteering organizer meeting of the First Congress. We boasted of, and we or the vociferous gentlemen who would use the labor vote thanked God for, that surpassing degree of security of prop- for, political purposes. /

2534 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 . No one disputes the right of an employee to picket; no one violation of the Byrnes Act fo:t:bidding transportation of persons to interfere With peaceful picketing. . would deny him the right to bargain collectively; but when This morning the strikers were cheered by the cancelation of the any man or group of men .takes the posit!on that all t~o~e White House Correspondents Association banquet, at which Presi­ who would earn a livelihood by their daily toll must JOln dent Roosevelt was to have been honor guest. The dinner was their organization, set apart a portion of their wages as dues scheduled for Saturday-at the strike-bound .Mayfiower. or special assessments for a particular union, regardless of Is this an intimation that Attorney General Murphy, who the ability of the worker to pay, then that organization ~ so well served the cause of the Communists in Michigan in the striking at the very foundation of our Government and 1t sit-down strikes, who permitted in that State while he was and those who belong to it should remember that some day Governor the destruction of private property, who by his acts another group a rival organization, may have a greater num­ aided Communist-led strikers in driving men and women ber of membe~s and it then can insist that those who now from their jobs, is to apply the third degree to the Washington make these demands ~ubmit to it, desert their present organ­ hotel owners? ization and join the new union. Do the people in Washington wonder now why Michigan The 'principle that no :man in America can work unl~s defeated Murphy? Why our people say "Thank God, he bas he belongs to a given organization is unsound,_ and an m­ left us"? sistence upon its adoption will probably result m the cr~a­ Let me read you this editorial from the same paper: tion of public sentiment and the enactment of legislat10n MAYBE THIS WILL TEACH 'EM .which will take from organized labor some of the advantages While a labor peace meeting is on in Washington the biggest .which it now enjoys. This has been the result in my own strike in the history of the Nation's Capital breaks out. That's State. To a more marked degree it has been the result in irony. But not the kind to raise a laugh. It 1s too serious and costly a commentary on what 1s wrong With industrial relationships the State of Oregon. in this country. Within the last few days the President asked the head of The lack of a mediation system once more 1s highlighted by the the A. F. of L., or representatives from the A. F. of L., and the hotel strike, which, by the way, posed to the author of th?, Wagner head of the C. I. 0. to come down to the White House and Labor Act the question of "going through the picket line. Had the issue arisen in the railroads or the airlines, where media­ meet with him and talk over their troubles. From the news­ tion machinery exists, the strike wouldn't have happened. Experi­ papers we learn that Mad~m Perkins, or some one in the ence in those industries shows that settlement 1s arrived at before, Department of Labor, is now going to take over the burden not after, the fight starts. And, bear in mind, there must be a set­ tlement some time, unless the industry involved 1s to go out of of hearing those men discuss their troubles. It is to be hoped business, and labor along With it. . that these conferences will aid in composing the differences Wherever mediation has been established it has worked, here and now existing between these rival organizations, for, in view of abroad. Maybe this Washington strike will prove a blessing in dis­ the local situation as it.has eXisted during the past few days, guise. Since a whole ftock of Congressmen and Senators, Cabinet members, and other high oftlcials who live in hotels are being incon­ the thought that comes to some of us is whether or not, after venienced, it may make them rub their eyes.and wake up to the fact all we really enjoy in this country the liberties that we were that there is a way by which peace can be maintained with fairness told last Saturday in this Chamber that we do enjoy. to employee and employer alike. . All they have to do is to use their great influence toward the I have been wondering since reading the papers this morn­ adoption of the principle of the Railway Mediation Act for the rest ing knowing that so many of the Members of this House live of the Nation's industry. • at ~orne of these hotels, how many of them, in the exercise of -that great privilege given to every American, the privilege of I am wondering what Adolf Hitler will think of the Pres­ walking the streets freely and not being hampered by any­ ident of the United States and of the liberty enjoyed by our one-how many Members of the House have been going in President when he learns that the President cannot go, or ·and out of the front doors of the hotels that are being does not choose to go, in and out of a hotel in the Nation's picketed. I have been wondering how many of those who Capital because some particular organization wants to picket that building at that time. Freedom or liberty her~ live at the Mayflower go out of the front door of that hate~. I am sorry that the chairman of the Rules Committee, the when the head of the Nation, when the Chief Executive, the distinguished gentleman from Dlinois [Mr. SABATH], is not Commander in Chief of the Army and the Navy cannot go in here, for perhaps he could give us the answer to that ques­ and out, or at least does not choose to go in and out, of a tion. He lives at the Mayflower. Perhaps he could tell us hotel in the city of Washington because a picket line is how many of the Members who live at that hotel exercise this marching back and forth in front of the door. great right of going out of the front door of a public building, Mr. SACKS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? going out of the front door of the place that is their home, Mr. HOFFMAN. Yes; if the gentleman will tell me at walk out boldly .tn the light of day, and how many of them go which hotel he lives. into the drug store adjoining and slip out the door of the Mr. SACKS. Yes; I live at the Fairfax Hotel. ·drug store to avoid passing a picket line. Mr. HOFFMAN. Are they picketing that? I am wondering if there is any truth in the report that Mr. SACKS. No; that is a union hotel. the great Senator from New York, the author of the Wagner Mr. HOFFMAN. Oh, that is a hotel where no one can -Act, instead of going out of the front door of the hotel where work unless he signs on the dotted line? he lives out of the front door of his own home, did, as has Mr. SACKS. I do not know. been r~ored, not sneak out but walk boldly out of the side Mr~ · HoFFMAN. How about the fellows who live there? door or the back door of that hotel, so that the boys who Mr. SACKS. What proof has the gentleman that the control the votes, who were in the picket line, who may have President cannot go in and out of the Willard Hotel? something to say in the elections of 1940, would not see him. Mr. HOFFMAN. . The President can, if he chooses, for he fs Surely a great Senator would not feel that he was offending the Commander of the Army and the Navy; but because ot his friends or the pickets if, in going to and from his usual the power of the unions or because the President does not desire to offend some organization-or it may be because he place of residence, he walked through or around the picket wishes to throw his moral support to the side of some organi­ line. I have been wondering whether the President, when zation-it is apparent from the newspaper article that he will the press called off this dinner that was to be held Saturday not pass the picket line. night at the Willard, was thinking that if he went down there What a fine gesture of courtesy it would be if the press held he would have to go through a ·picket line. I am ~ondertng its dinner and the pickets for the time being saw ftt to cour­ whether the dinner was called off because he did not want teously step aside and permit the President of these United to offend the head of one of these two great labor unions. States to enter without incurring their displeasure. Across the front page of the Washington News of today Mr. SACKS. How does the gentleman know the President runs this headline in large type: "F. D. hosts cancel fete be­ does not choose to go in or out of the Willard Hotel? cause of hotel strike." Following that headline we find this: Mr. HOFFMAN. You Just watch Saturday night, if there · Washington's hotel strike today brought all the elements of major industrial warfare to the Capital. · are pickets there, and see if he goes through. "The proof of Striking Hotel and Restaurant Employees Alliance members· w~re the pudding is in the chewing of the string." Ask your asso­ to meet with Attorney General Murphy this afternoon to allege ciate, the chairman of the RUles Committee, how many of 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE '2535 those living at the Mayflower pass the picket line. Go down · when President Roosevelt canceled· the air-man contracts to the Mayflower and note whether or not Members of this and 12 Army boys went to their deaths when they tried to House and high Government officials are willing to exercise fly the mail under unfavorable conditions and improperly the right to pass the picket line, walk in and out of the hotel equipped. · where they reside, the hotel which is for the time being their Hoover never intended harm to any veteran nor did Presi­ home. dent Roosevelt have the slightest idea that pilots would be Mr. SACKS. In what hotel does the gentleman live? injured, much less killed, as the result of the cancelation of Mr. HOFFMAN. I live at the Methodist Building. those contracts. Let us not forget that the young men who Mr. RICH. Mr. Chainnan, will the gentleman yield? died on both occasions were someone's boys .. Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. General MacArthur led the Mr. RICH. The gentleman spoke about John L. Lewi3 eviction of the bonus marchers, and he rode the white horse being on a committee to adjust di1Ierences. Does the gentle­ leading the inaugural parade of President Roosevelt. Those man know that Mr. Lewis, instead of being in committee, is are the facts. · over here trying to talk to the Senators, spending his time Mr. HOFFMAN. The only purpose in speaking today is to over there today? call attention to the very serious results which may grow out Mr. HOFFMAN. . No. I do not know about that. I do of the present situation. How easy it may be for us to lose not know whether Lewis goes through the picket line or not. our liberty if we once permit the establishment of the prin­ Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ciple that any men or group of men can deprive a citizen of Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield. his right to life, liberty, or the pursuit of happiness without Mr. KNUTSON. The gentleman has informed the House due process of law. that the dinner which the press boys were going to give the It is the driving in of the opening wedge that should be President on Saturday evening has been called off. prevented. The President took most admirable action the Mr. HOFFMAN. Oh, I do not say that. I only know other day when he called upon the two great labor organiza­ what the newspapers of the city carry as a news item today, tions to settle their differences. and as members of the press were giving the dinner, presum­ He later destroyed much of the force of what he had done ably their ·report is accurate. I say watch the paper and see by saying, in a characteristic Rooseveltian fashion, that, un­ if the picket lines are continued and if the President passes less the two organizations quit fighting and got together, he that line. would withdraw all administration support from any labor Mr. KNUTSON. Of course, we, except possibly one or two legislation proposed in this Congress. That is a childish ultra-new dealers, all know why it was called off. I under­ attitude to take. There are others than the officials of the stand that dinner was to have been given at the Willard. A. F. of L. and the C. I. 0. who are interested in labor legis­ Of course, there are only two entrances to the Willard. Why lation. should not the boys give .the President his dinner up at the Let me here read an editorial from the Detroit Free Press Mayflower, where they could use the drug store as a means of of March 8, 1939: coming in? They could stop at the soda counter. I do not :am. ROOSEVELT'S UL'l'Il.IUTUM know whether they have an "on sale" permit there or not, but President Roosevelt perpetrates a characteristic New Dealtsm they could go into the drug store and gpend a few pleasant · when he says he Will withdraw admin1stration support for any moments, and then, when the pickets were not looking, go on labor leg1slat1on proposed in this Congress unless the A. F. of L. and the C. I. 0. quit fighting and get together. into the lobby. I offer that to the newsboys for what it is An end to the war between these two big divisions of organized worth. labor is highly desirable. It should be promoted in every legiti­ Mr. HOFFMAN . .But I understand that the side door is mate way. For the present angry schism does nobody any good and 1s Widely harmful. so constantly in use now that it would be rather crowded But any labor legislation. worthy of the name 1s legislation en­ down there. Thus we may learn whether, in this country, acted for the benefit and protection of all labor, organized and we enjoy liberty of action, _whether we are free, whether the unorganized; and it should be formulated With the welfare of the incllvidual worker in mind, rather than for the purpose of further­ President is free to pursue happiness by attending this dinner, ing the interests or meeting the demands of particular organiza­ or whether someone else exercises a power so great that even tions or groups of leaders. the press and the President of the United States must yield The idea that millions of wage earners who need relief from the because some poor forgotten man or woman who has not evils of the Wagner Act should be left to suffer, because Mr. Green and Mr. Lewis cannot compose their differences 1s monstrous. It joined a particular organization is trying to earn a livelihood doesn't make sense. in that hotel. Stlll less should the entire Nation be condemned to suffer from Mr. KNUTSON. Oh, I understand they have a traffic cop the iniquitous measure on that account. If any labor legislation introduced in Congress this session has there protecting the traffic. intrinsic merit, it ought to get recognition and be promoted Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ accordingly. tleman yield? If any such legislation 1s bad, it should be discarded and thrown Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield. into the wastebasket regardless of who sponsors it or doesn't sponsor it. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. In view of the fact that At present the prevailing op1n1on in Washington seems to be John L. Lewis bought a mortgage on the New Deal adminis­ that nE!ither Mr. Green nor Mr. Lewis 1s likely to be inftuenced much tration for $500,000, can the gentleman not see the reason by President Roosevelt's threats or by Miss Perkins' efforts to act as an intermectiary; and that a peace pact, lf any, w1ll have to be why the New Deal permitted him to try to buy and sell the product of other influences and considerations. every working man and woman in America into human In short, the President 1s finding lt harder to· heal a schism in slavery? organized labor than it was to do things provocative of such Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentlem~n yield schism. for a question? One thing more: This Congress will neglect its duty; it Mr. HOFFMAN. Yes; I Yield. will ignore the demands of the American people, if it fails Mr. DINGELL. I would like to ask the gentleman what at this session to amend the Wagner law. would be his solution and whether he would recommend that The point is: Do we intend to let the dayS go by as they President Roosevelt handle this situation · like President did at the last session and make no effort to remedy the very Hoover, who issued orders which resulted in their being shot grave defects in this act? Being a Member of the minority, down? - I have waited patiently and hopefully for some move from Mr. HOFFMAN. Let me see if I recall. How many men the majority side which would indicate that this question of does the gentleman claim were shot· down? amending the Wagner Act is being given consideration. Hav­ Mr. DINGELL. At least two were shot down at Anacostia ing failed to observe any activity on the part of the Com­ fiats. mittee on Labor, I shall within the next few days drop into Mr; HOFFMAN. That leaves a balance of 10 in his favor the hopper a bill changing that law so that employees can when you consider the number of air pilots-who were ·killed bargain collectively through representatives of their own 2536 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 choosing, free from intimidation, coercion, and interference, the Congress, either here in this House or the Senate, or not only from the employer but from every source. among the American people. These are facts and therefore When that bill is offered, I hope the Members will take undeniable. You can, if you want, give reasons and try to the trouble to look it over, for, sooner or later, the defects defend the President for not enforcing the law; you can say in this act must be cured if we are to make any move to­ that enforcement of the law might favor Japan as against ward industrial peace, and the quicker we set about our very China. As a matter of fact it would have favored China to difficult task, the sooner will we be on the road toward its enforce the law, it would have been against the interests of solution, toward industrial peace in this Nation. [Applause.] Japan to put the law into effect, because Japan can buy Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman everything she wants, and China has no harbors, has little yield? wealth, has no ships, and can buy nothing. I submit, there­ Mr. HOFFMAN. I decline to yield, Mr. Chairman. I yield fore, that it would have been against the interests of Japan back the balance· of my time. ·if the law had been put into effect. · Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the gentle­ Mr. COFFEE of Washington. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ man from New York [Mr. FisH]. tleman yield? Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, I thought this might be a proper Mr. FISH. I do not want to go into this issue in detall. time to discuss briefly the proposed revision of the Neutrality I have asked for a limited time to speak this afternoon. I Act. According to this morning's papers Senator LEwiS has . propose to discuss it in detail probably next week, when I introduced a resolution to repeal all the neutrality laws and shall ask for -extended time. The only reason I am bringing give full power and control by Executive orders to the Presi­ it up now is because it has been thrust upon us overnight by dent of the United States in the handling of our foreign the action of certain Senators. I yield to the gentleman from policies. Washington. I would point out at the outset of my remarks that the Mr. COFFEE of Washington. Had the President invoked -House of Representatives has equal power with the Senate in the neutrality law in the Sino-Japanese situation, would not considering and framing neutrality legislation. We have as Japan have been favored? She has the ships, she has the much right to initiate any change in the neutrality laws as money, she could buy and transport the war materials, · has ·the Senate, and whatever happens in the Senate must whereas China has no ships, no cash, and could not come come over here for our final decision. I would also . point under the cash-and-carry provisions of the Neutrality Act. out that the Democratic Congress by an overwhelming vote-­ It would not have favored China, would it? ! think there were only 12 votes against it--just a year or so Mr. FISH. When the law is not applied, Japan can come ago adopted the neutrality law practically as a Democratic over here. and buy anything. If the law were applied, it measure introduced in the House of Representatives by the would apply equally against both belligerents and Japan chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee, the gentleman could not at any time have come over and bought any arms, from Tennessee [Mr. McREYNOLDS], and in the Senate by ammunition, or implements of war. the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Senat.or Mr. COFFEE of Washington. She could have bought raw PITTMAN. They were the sponsors and the authors of the bill. materials. The principal purpose of the bill was to keep the United Mr. FISH. She could have bought raw materials, and she States out of war and to be neutral as against all belligerent is buying raw materials now. I am speaking about arms, nations. That is the law today, whether it is good, bad, or ammunition, and implements of war. The law has not been indifferent. Many of us on this side supported the bill re­ invoked. Japan has come over and bought not only raw luctantly and opposed certain features of the bill, but we materials but has sent her own ships over to buy and carry voted for it generally because we were in favor of keeping out away arms and implements of warfare. Congress has been of all foreign wars. criticized all over this land for permitting these arms, ammu­ I repeat tha:t is the law today, but the law has not been nition, and implements of war to be shipped to Japan. enforced by the President of the United States. The law Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yteld? reads that it shall go into effect whenever a state of war Mr. FISH. I yield. ·exists. There is not a thinking man or woman in the ·Con­ Mr. CULKIN. Does the gentleman believe if the present gress of the United States, no matter what his partisanship neutrality law is repealed and the President is given com­ may be, that does not know that a state of war exists in plete discretion as it is reported he would be given under the China. The neutrality laws did not say that a declaration of legislation proposed by Senator LEwiS, that we would be war must be made; it did not say that an old-fashioned war able to keep out of war for more than 6 months? must exist; it merely stated that a state of war must exist Mr. FISH. If the gentleman asks me my opinion: and, before it is put into effect by the President. No one can deny of course, I cannot speak for anyone elSe, but in my opinion. these facts, and the President has· deliberately refused to if Congress gave any such power to the President, we would enforce an act passed almost unanimously by the Congress. be in war within 6 months' time. I am not here to defend the· law, I merely rise to state the Mr. CULKIN. A:nd the gentleman bases that statement facts: That the law has not been tried out and that the on the inflammatory· statements of the President and various President's duty under the Constitution is to enforce the law members of his Cabinet. as it stands. He has a perfect right to recommend its repeal Mr. FISH. On his own repeated statements and on if he wants to, to recommend that it be changed or amended; speeches of his Cabinet officers which ·have been highly but, in accordance with his oath of office, he must enforce provocative for the last year or more. the law. He has deliberately refused to enforce the law. Mr. WHITE of Idaho. Mr. Chairman, wfil the gentleman How do we know, therefore, whether it is a good or a bad law yield for a question? when he has ignored the will of the Congress, deliberately Mr. FISH. Certainly; for a short question. repudiated an act of the Congress, and refused to comply Mr. WHITE of Idaho. Does the gentleman think any with the mandate of the Constitution to enforce the acts of nation is going to be rash enough to attack the United the Congress and the law of the land? States after the experiences of the last World War? So now we find that we are called upon to repeal a law Mr. FISH. I agree with the gentl~man 100 percent: no that has never been carried out. If Japan has gotten any nation in the world has the faintest conception of attacking war material, any airplanes, arms, ammunition, or imple­ the United states. What I am fearfUl of 1s that we will ments of war, it is not due to the Congress of the United attack some other nation. States, not due to the Democrats who voted for this bill and Mr. WmTE of Idaho. It takes two nations to make a initiated it, not due to the Republicans who supported it prac­ war. tically as a body; it is due to one man, it is due to the Presi­ · Mr. FISH. Not if we give this power to the President. dent of the United States, who refused to comply with the He can make war and we will have little or nothing to say law. No one else is to blame in the Congress or outside of about it in the Congress of the United States. I propose to 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HO.USE 2537 talk next week about the danger of giving these powers. to whether he· be a Republican or a Democrat. My opposition the President. is the same today as it was then. Mr. RICH. Will .the gentleman yield? ·. Mr. Stimson is in accord with the present administration Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from Pennsylvania. on its collective security and interventionist policies. He Mr. RICH. Does the gentleman believe the reason Japan was likewise for the League of Nations. He is for determin­ never declared war on China was because of the fact they ing the aggressor nations. He is for economic sanctions, and were afraid we might stop the shipment of arms, ammuni­ he is for policing and quarantining the world with American tion, and the commodities necessary for the purpose of wag­ blood and treasure, and openly advocates that we enter into ing war to them? a naval alliance with France and Great Britain. I am de­ Mr. FISH. That is not only true so far as the United lighted he has spoken, because he has exposed the Roosevelt States is concerned, but the other nations would be in­ foreign policies so that the American people will know ex­ volved also. She does not buy from us only. She has very actly what they are. The Roosevelt administration has not definite reasons for not declaring war. She is also a signa­ had the nerve to tell the people what its foreign policies were tory to the Kellogg Pact and pretends this is not a war up to now. Let us strip the ·veil off all the mystery and when every thinking man knows a state of war eXists over secret diplomacy. there without a declaration of war. That is why we put [Here the gavel fell.] those words in the neutrality bill. Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 5 addi­ Mr. WHITE of Idaho. Will the _gentleman yield? tional minutes. Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from· Idaho. Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, this is the statement I want Mr. WIDTE of Idaho. Under a formal declaration of war to put in the RECORD so that "he who runs may read." It is by Japan on China it would automatically bring into opera­ not an attack on Mr. Stimson, but merely on his views on tion our neutrality laws and shut off the shipment of sup- foreign policies, which are opposed in practically every re­ plies from this country? . spect to the Republican national platform of 1936 ·and the Mr. FISH. We did not mention a declaration of war in attitude of the Republican Members of Congress. I do not the neutrality bill. We used the words "a state of war." . in any way question his right as an individual to make known A declaration of war is not necessary for the President to his views. - enforce the law. I am talking about the law as it eXists and Henry L. Stimson, former Secretary of State in the Hoover which 'he does not enforce. There is no reason why he administration, has again been bombarding the press with should not enforce the law, and even if it is made stronger . letters · in support of internationalism, aggressor-nation by an actual declaration of war, there is no assurance that powers, and economic sanctions, and in favor of joint naval he would enforce it. . measures with France and Great Britain. Mr. WHITE of Idaho. If they declared war it would Mr. Stimson has a perfect right as an American citizen to automatically bring into evidence a state of war. express his views and to support President Roosevelt in affirm­ Mr. FISH. It would be further proof, but you do not ative action Mr. need that proof. There is not a single person in the world against the. totalitarian nations. I am glad who does not acknowledge that a state of war exists over Stimson has stripped the Roosevelt policies of their secrecy 'there in China today. and mystery and stated exactly what they mean: Collective Mr. WHITE ,of Idaho. I am in agreement with the gen­ security, military alliances, secret diplomacy, and war com­ mitments without the consent of the Congress or the Ameri­ tleman. can people. Mr. FISH. Regardless of our sympathies for China or anyone else. I am saying that the President has deliberately Mr. Stimson does not represent the Republican Party, refused to enforce the law and I wili go further and say that which is definitely opposed to all ent&ngling alliances, inter­ if President Hoover had ignored the will of Congress in a vention, and. interference in European feuds and conflicts. like manner he would have been impeached immediately. Every suggestion made by Mr. ·Stimson has been repudiated Mr. Chairman, I want to read into the RECORD a state­ by former President Hoover in his recent speeches on the ment I gave to the press a few days ago, so that it will be in administration's foreign policies, and I doubt if there is a the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. . It is very brief and gives my single Republican in either the House of Representatives or views and I think the views of the Republican Party on the Senate who favors the Stimson doctrine of having our foreign policies. It is in answer to a letter by former ~ecye­ armed forces police the world and again fight to make the tary of State Henry L. Stunson, who has been repeatedly world safe for democracy. bombarding the press with lengthy letters upholding the If the United States puts a chip on its shoulder and goes foreign policies of the Roosevelt administration. Everyone looking for war, we are sure to be accommodated by one or of these policies enunciated by Mr. Stimson have been re­ more of the totalitarian states. [Applause.] pudiated by Herbert Hoover. I d~ not believe there is a Mr. Chairman, I have Just received a most important tele­ single Republican in either the House of Representatives or gram which is of vital interest to Members on both sides of the Senate who favors the views expressed by the former the aisle before making· a determination whether we should ·Secretary of State, Mr. Henry L. Stimson. I have never scrap our traditional foreign policy as laid down by Wash­ heard of any Republican in Congress expressing approval of ington, of neutrality, nonintervention, peace, and no en­ such policies. tangling alliances, or, on the other had, follow the New Mr. CULKIN. Will the gentleman yield? Deal into collective security, aggresso~ nation powers, economic Mr. FISH. I yield to the gentleman from New York. sanctions, and policing and quarantining the world. In the . Mr. CuLKIN. Is that the same Stimson who nearly got last analysis the people of America must determine this issue. us into war in 1932? The only reason he did not get us into This important and interesting telegram I submit to you for war at that time was because England refused to participate. your edification, and it reads as follows: Mr. FISH. It is precisely the same individual. HARTFORD, CONN., March 8, 1939. ·Mr. CULKIN. He is still up to his old tricks? Hon. HAMn.TON FisH, Mr. FISH. He has not changed one iota. He is the same House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.: Just learned that imaginary torpedo from "enemy" submarine person who, as Secretary of State under a Republican ad­ recently sank cruiser Houston with President Roosevelt aboard. ministration, came before the Committee on Foreign Affairs Suspect the yellow peril, Orson Welles, Kaiser Wilhelm, Walter of the House of Representatives and asked for identically Millis, Count Ciano, Senator Nye, Hermann Goering, or the anony­ mous author of Great Britain's Europe in December Fortune. You the same powers that the President is now asking for-the may be able to suppress this as you have the facts about the right to determine the aggressor nation, an unneutral act, a martian attack in New Jersey, but these perils to democracy will cause· for war, which would lead us into war under inter­ out and crush your opposition to the administration's foreign national law if used against any first-class power. The policy. Am suggesting to White House a secret conclave, includ­ ing Dorothy Thompson, Ambassador Bullitt, and the ghost of Republican Members voted unanimously not to give this Colonel House, together with adequate British representation. power to Secretary of State Stimson or to the President, FREDERICK R. BRIGGS. 2538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 Mr. Chairman, may I say I have no objection to a recon­ Mr. McCORMACK. That he is in favor of entangling sideration of the neutrality bill? It is far from perfect. alliances-that he is in favor of such concerted action as There is no reason in the world why the Foreign Affairs Com­ would bring about entangling alliances. That was in sub­ mittee of the House and the Foreign Relations Committee of stance the statement tbe gentleman from New York made the Senate should not write an effective, comprehensive, and only a few moments ago. workable neutrality bill. I certainly will not put anything in Mr. FISH. Has the gentleman read his letter? the way of this as a member of the Foreign Affairs Committee Mr. McCORMACK. Read it? Of course I read his letter. of the House; but when it comes to giving the President of Mr. FISH. He said he favored having our Navy join with the United States the power to involve us in a war without the Navies of France and Great Britain to protect the democ­ the consent of the Congress of the United States and the racies. What does the gentleman call that? American people, that is an enttrely different proposition. Mr. McCORMACK. That is not the interpretation. I imagine it will be again proposed that the Congress sur- · Mr. FISH. .Those are the words he used, and the gentle­ render its power to declare war and turn over to the President man can interpret them in any way he pleases. the power to lay economic sanctions and to determine the Mr. McCORMACK. I interpret what he said in the light aggressor nation. If we do that, the reorganization bill we of the man's service as Secretary of State-a man who while were considering yesterday will be as nothing and utterly in office always followed the traditional policy of our country . harmless compared to the surrender and abdication of the of no entangling alliances. powers of the Congress and its constitutional power to declare The purpose of the gentleman from New York is very war, if we follow the advice of the internationalists and inter­ apparent. It is political. An attempt is now being made to ventionists in Congress. That is all it amounts to; nothing try to place the President of the United States in a false light more nor nothing less. If we give up any more of these war­ and in a false position· in the minds of the American people. making powers to the President to involve us in foreign wars, ·An attempt was made to try to create the impression subtly, to enter into collective security agreements or commitments but erroneously, that the President of the United States for concerted action or military. or naval alliances, the Con­ is undertaking to enter the United States into entangling gress will be surrendering our right to declare. war. ·We will alliances. · then be aiding and abetting the President of the Unlted States Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? ·by making it possible for him to take this country into war · Mr. McCORMACK. When I have completed my state­ in the next 6 months, which would be the logical result of ment I will yield. his vitriolic attacks on other nations and their formS of gov­ That rum_or went around the country, the newspapers ernment. [Applause.] picked it up in good faith, and the President of the United [Here the gavel fell.l States had to term .the rumor · ~ a deliberate lie." Later, ~ot content with that, the propagandists, those who go to any Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma~ Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoR­ extreme to destroy the President; circulated a rumor that MACK]. some instrument of national defense had been sold to the ·French Government, and the President had to term that as M:r. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, it is rather an unusual a "fake" rumor. situation when a Democrat' in this House feels constrained to [Here the gavel fell.l rise and, with reference to a former Secretary of State under · Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield 2 former President Hoover, to defend him as a great American additional minutes to the gentleman from Massachusetts. citizen. I do not always agree with him, but I respect him. Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? I can disagree with a person and still respect him. In my Mr. McCORMACK. For a brief question. capacity, not as a Democratic Member of this House but as Mr. CULKIN. The gentleman endorses Secretary Stimson a Member of the House and as an American citizen, I rise heartily and completely? to express my feelings-and I feel that my views will be the Mr. McCORMACK. I defend Secretary Stimson against views of the great majority of the American :(>e<>Ple---at the such an attack that his letter favored entangling alliances, attempt to indirectly read out of his own party the former since he is unable to defend himself on the floor of tbe Secretary of State, the Honorable Henry L. Stimson. If ever House. I endorse no person's views, completely. I do not I heard a man's views misinterpreted, it has been those agree with him on all matters. expressed by former Secretary Stimson in the statements he Mr. CULKIN. Will the gentleman permit a question? made recently, and to which the gentleman from New York Mr. McCORMACK. n ·oes the gentleman object to my referred. undertaking? Does the gentleman resent my defendillg a I read the letter of former Secretary Stimson. I did not great Republican? · · · see one word in it that showed an indication of a departure Mr. CULKIN. I do not regard him as a great Republican. on his part from the traditional American policy of no Mr. McCORMACK. Ah! Well, I am glad to hear it. I entangling alliances. The mere fact that the former Secre­ wonder how the Republicans of the country are going to feel tary of State supports President Roosevelt is no justification when they hear and read that on the floor of Congress Re­ for undertaking to interpret his position and his letter in publican Members of Congress have made the statement they support thereof in an erroneous manner. Secretary Stimson do not regard former Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson as came out in support of the present foreign policy of President a great Republican. The gentleman is getting himself in Roosevelt. In that same letter he disagreed with the do­ deeper and deeper. mestic poliCies of President Roosevelt, and a fair comment on Mr. CULKIN. Oh, no. That was my statement, and I do h.is letter would have incorporated that fact. Is it a crime not qualify it. for a former Secretary of State, although he is a Republican, Does the gentleman follow Stimson into the lifting of the and, above all, an American, to agree with the President of ·Spanish embargo? He advocated that. the United States on his foreign policy simply because the Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman knows my position. President's party aftlliation is. that of a Democrat? Is the Mr. CULKIN. Answer my question. gentleman from New York disturbed because the former Sec­ Mr. McCORMACK. Wait a while, and I will answer it in retary of State, who occupied that position under a Repub­ my own way. lican administration, supports the present President of the Mr. CULKIN. Oh, do not evade. United States in his foreign policy? That is the only justi­ Mr. McCORMACK. I am not an evader. I do not want fication, because a casual, but surely a careful, reading of to accuse the gentleman from New York of being an evader. the letter of former Secretary Stimson would show that he Mr. CULKIN. I am watching the gentleman closely. never took the position stated by the gentleman from New Mr. McCORMACK. The gentleman can watch as closely York on the floor only a few moments ago on the question as he wants to. of entangling alliances. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin and Mr. FISH rose. Mr. FISH. What position is that? Mr. McCORMACK. Wait a while. 1939, .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2539 I can disagree with a man and at the same time entertain manship that believes America should get into the war in the strongest feeling of respect for him. I disagree with the Far East and pull Great Britain's chestnuts out of the former Secretary of State in that respect. I have opposed fire. Mr. Stimson is an ardent Anglophile and belongs to the lifting of the embargo on that question. My position that school. is well known. The gentleman from New York [Mr. CULKIN], Mr. GEYER of California. Is that the answer to my ques- as I remember, and I agree on this question. tion? 1 Mr. FISH. . Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. CULKIN. The answer to the question is that that was Mr. McCORMACK. I only have 30 seconds more. Cer­ the procedure then, and that is the procedure now which the tainly the position of President Roosevelt is well known on gentleman from Massachusetts now endorses, and which the this great question. He, like myself and the gentlemen from gentleman from California. seems to endorse. New York [Mr. CULKIN and Mr. F'IsHl, stands for adequate Mr. COFFEE of Washington. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ national defense, for a nillitant preservation of our rights, tleman yield? but under no conditions for entangling alliances with any Mr. CULKIN. I yield to the gentleman from Washington. other nations. [Applause.] Mr. COFFEE of Washington. The statement was made in [Here the gavel fell.l . reply to the gentleman from Massachusetts that if the United Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ States were inclined to follow the foreign policy advocated by tleman from New York [Mr. CULKIN]. former Secretary Stimson, the Democratic Party would not · Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Chairman, this heated, perfervid, and carry a single State of the Union. Is that correct? rather rigorous discussion of the gentleman from Massachu­ Mr. CULKIN. Of course I said that; and if the gentleman setts requires some reply from me. were here he must have heard me. Of course, I stand by A distingUished former Secretary of State, if I may char­ that statement. acterize him as that, although I disagree· fundamentally and Mr. COFFEE of Washington. I just want to say that the completely with all of his foreign policies, in 1932 led this Gallup poll disagrees with the gentleman, because it found country to the verge of war. Mr. Stimson got out on the that 69 percent of the American people agree with the view end of a limb. He officially declared war against Japan, and of former Secretary of State StimSon. got out on the end of a limb thinking that England would [Here the gavel fell.l follow him. . England very deftly sawed off the limb and the Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 2 addi- distingUished former Secretary of State fell awkwardly to tl)e tional minutes. ground. Now he is playing the identical role and giving the Mr. FISH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? same performance that he did in those days. The former Mr. CULKIN. I yield. Secretary of State believes that we have the duty of catrytng Mr. FISH. Does the gentleman know· whether the gentle­ out England's policies in China; I insist that is not the . man from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK], who has recentlY function of America any more than it was the function of spoken, a1$o agrees ·with former Secretary Stimson in advo­ America to lift the embargo in Spain. I did not clearly cating a League of Nations? understand the answer to the question I asked the diStin­ Mr. CULKIN. I assume he goes that far, although, of ~shed . gentleman from Massachusetts. course, I have no right to commit the distinguished gentle­ Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsi.n. Mr. Chairman, will the gen:. man. The ·League of Nations has been deader than a door­ tleman yield? . nail for 10 years. Mr. Stimson thinks he can.bring it back Mr. CULKIN. I yield. to life. Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. President Roosevelt is now May .I say to the·gentleman from Washington [Mr. COFFEE] enunciating the same foreign policy which he enunciated in that I hope the Democratic Party, fond as I am of all its 1920, when he ran for Vice President on the Democratic ticket .membershi~I hope they will not rely too greatly on some ·and got a terrific beating. · phases of the synthetic Gallup poll. _[Laughter.] I think Mr. CULKIN. Yes. That is history. they had b~tter be bolstered by some other measure of public · Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Do you not believe that opinion and, incidentally-- almost all of the Republicans are happy that Mr. Stimson, a Mr. POAGE. The Literary Digest? League of Nations advocate who is ·now a rubber-stamp fol­ Mr. CtJLKIN. No; I will waive the Literary Digest, but I lower of the Roosevelt international policies, has left our will put the Gallup poll in the same category as the Literary party and affiliated himself with the New Deal, as has Mr. Digest in some phases of its determinations. I do not question Ickes? the good faith and ability of the gentleman who conducts Mr. CULKIN. I agree with the gentleman. The fact is . this poll, but I think he is covering too wide a range of public ~he American people have three times repudiated this pro­ opinion to be at the same time exact in all his conclusions. gram. They repudiated it in 1916 in the second election of I hope the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. McCoR­ Wilson, when he was elected on the platform "He -kept us out MACK] will not follow the former distingUished Secretary of of war." .They repudiated it in the next election in 1920 and State, that ardent Anglophile, who apparently desires to in the Presidential election of 1924. I will say to the gentle­ involve us in war not only in the Far East but in Europe. man from Massachusetts that if he leads his party or permits The House knows that the very able gentleman from Mas­ Stimson to lead his party into this international debacle, the sachusetts is too resolute an American to stray so far afield Democratic Party will not carry a single State in the Union from the true destiny of America. in 1940. [Applause.] This for the reason that the people of Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chaimian will the gentleman the United States-not Stimson; perhaps not the distin­ yield? guished gentleman in the White House; but the people of the Mr. CULKIN. Yes. . United States-are universally opposed to shedding any Mr. McCORMACK. Do I understand the gentleman to say . ·American blood in a foreign war either in the Pacific or in that former Secretary Stimson stands for entangling am:.. Europe. [Applause.] ances with other nations? Is that the gentleman's view­ Mr. GEYER of California. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ point on that particular question? tleman yield? Mr. CULKIN. The gentleman reads the newspapers, and Mr. CULKIN. I yield. he knows that. Go back and read what occurred in 1932. Mr. GEYER of Californta. Is it not true that the would-be Mr. McCORMACK. Does the gentleman say that former President Landon made the statement that Secretary Stimson Secretary Stimson is in favor of entangling alliances with was only following the dictates of Mr. Hoover when he got other nations? Is that the gentleman's interpretation of his out on a limb and fell into the Japanese Sea? position? Mr. CULKIN. I do not believe that statement is histori­ Mr. CULKIN. If the gentleman knows-- · cally correct, and I mean to be polite about it, too. [Laugh­ Mr. McCORMACK. Oh, that is an easy question-yes ter.] The fact is there is a small school of American states- or no. 2540 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE MARCH 9 Mr. CULKIN. Oh, the gentleman has. not got me in pollee of the Communist Party, whiGh is the major party of destruction in America. [Applause.} court under cross-examination. · I am trying to be courteous I never heard of 'the German bund in America until the Com­ to the gentleman. munist Party of America began to destroy the institutions we love. Mr. McCORMACK. Oh, the gentleman always tries to be It seems to be a matter of recorded history, as stat_ed by responsible people in this country of ours, that the Nazi Party in Germany was courteous. a natural · protest against the constant invasion of communistic Mr. CULKIN. It is painful, b\lt I am doing the best I can. Russia and its doctrine into the rest of the world. Let me say Mr. McCORMACK. Is the gentleman in his own way to you it is my humble opinion that once we are able to stamp out reading former Secretary Stimson out of the Republican and stem this growing tide of communi~tic propaganda ~hat is evidenced on all sides there will be a continuous growth of resist­ Party? - ance to that form of propaganda and we w111 be having transferred Mr. CULKIN.· I am in some of his absurd and non-Repub­ to the internal affairs of this Government of ·ours the very battles lican views. that are being fought over there in Europe. Mr. McCORMACK. And retaining him in others? He also referred in his speech to •!these liberal leftists on the · Mr. -CULKIN. -Possibly. Democratic side," and that no one on this side of the aisle - The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New has attacked communism. He particularly points me out ·York has expired. - · and says that while I always knock nazi-ism and fascism, I Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 do not attack communism. Mr. Chairman, I might say for minutes to the gentleman from New York [Mr. DICKSTEIN]. the benefit of the gentleman from Wisconsin that I have Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con- attacked communism when he was still a · young man at sent to extend my remarks in the RECORD. school, and I believe him to be a man about 40 years ·or over. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? I attacked communism when I was a boy in my own commu­ There was no objection. nity because I did not like communism. I have attacked Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Chairman, on March 2 the gentle­ communism when my colleague· [Mr. KEEFE] never dreamed man from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] saw fit to launch an attack that he would be a Member of this distinguished body. If against my distinguished colleague from Colorado [Mr. the gentleman, in all fairness and· decency, had examined MARTIN], who, in my opinion, is one of the finest Members of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD in the last 5 years, I am SUre that the House, an able gentleman whqm we all respect. In that ·he would have found in every speech I made that I attacked attack he also included me, accusing both ·Of us. as being :flag ·"isms" in all forms as a menace to the American form of wavers and being insincere in our denunciation of un­ ·government. I can only refer the gentleman to some of my Aniericanism, because, as he claimed, we attacked the Nazis speeches appearing in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORDS Of ·July 27, but did not see fit to attack the _Comm~nists. Unfortunately 1937, August 3, 1937, November 23, 1937, December 21, 1937, I was not on the :floor at that time. He spoke, perhaps, -in the February 18, 1938, March 19, 1938, April 21, 1938, April 27, late hours of the afternoon, with about 20 Members on the ·1938, May 17, 1938, May 28, 1938, June 2, 1938, January 25, ':floor and the RECORD states there was a lot of applause. I 1939, February 24, 1939. _was boping to get _the original _script, but I did not have the If the gentleman· would have taken the trouble, he would time. Whether there was applause or not _does not concern ·have found that I was responsible for creating the Committee ·me but it seems to me in all fairness to a Mem_ber of Con­ on Un-American Activities, of which that great American, gre~s. particularly to a person who has served in this House 'Hon. JOHN McCORMACK, 'was chairman. I had the honor to ·for 16 or 18 years, that he would have told me beforehand, be vic.e chairman. He would also have found that Mr. Mc­ "We are going to say something about you." At least I tried CoRMACK, I, and the other five members of the committ~e ·to get my-colleague, Mr. KEEFE, here this afternoon. I do not signed a report condemning communism, fascism, and all know where he is, but I notified his office. ·other "isms" in this country. I do not think that such a Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The gentleman from Wis­ biased attack upon me and other Members of this House consin [Mr. KEEFE] is unavoidably absent. He had to return should go unanswered. He seems to imply that I am in com­ home on account of a serious illness in his family. radeship with Communists. If the gentleman had taken the Mr. DICKSTEIN. I am sorry. Mr. Chairman, the portion trouble to check up, he would know that a few years ago the of the speech of the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] very Communists who, he says, are my comrades were boy­ which I wish to call to the attention of the House will be .cotting my home because I was anticommunistic. found in my remarks, because I do not want to take the time For months they boycotted my home. If the gentleman now to read it to you. ·from Wisconsin had taken the trouble, he would have also (Excerpt of Mr. KEEFE'S speech from CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of March 2, p. 2186] found out that in all of my talks on this fioor I asked you Mr. Chairman, there stood upon the floor of this House last gentlemen to create a committee on un-American activities, -week two gentlemen, the distinguished gentle~n from Colorado the last one, which is the Dies committee, he would know and the distinguished gentleman from New York [Mr. DICKSTEIN]. that I was ·the sole person on the fioor who pleaded with this Both of these gentlemen worked themselves up into a frenzy, waved Congress and the American people to make that thorough the flag, and proclaimed their patriotism in denouncing a meeting held at Madison Square Garden attended by some 20,000 citizens study and investigation of all "isms." The gentleman from . of America under the designation of the bund. These gentlemen Wisconsin spoke, as I quote him directly 'from his speech, denounced in no uncertain terms the activities of that organiza­ that he never heard of the Nazi bund in the United States, tion and the speeches made at that meeting. I hold in my hand one of numerous newspaper clippings report­ ·and ·that he only heard of the Nazi bund a short while ago ing a meeting held in that same au~:Utorium, Madison Square Gar­ when the Communists attacked the Nazis. den, last Monday night, which was attended by 20,000 Co?Ullunists, Now, if the gentleman from Wisconsin is very much inter­ called for the purpose of celebrating the twentieth anmversary of the Communist Party in America. ested in the Nazi bund, I will tell him where he can :find at Despite the fact that this meeting was given the same publicity least three or four Nazi bunds within the reach of his own by the newspapers of this country as the bund meeting held a district. I can tell him also of a Nazi camp in his city. l couple of weeks ago, I heard nothing but silence from these liberal leftists over on the Democratic side, who take the opportunity can also tell him' of the activities, of which he should know, whenever lt is presented tb take a crack at every other organization .coming from Wisconsin. When he makes the statement that except the Communist Party. . · he did not know about the Nazi bund, I do not think the Mr. Chairman, I am wondering, and I have wondered since last gentleman has given very careful study to the question. Monday, what has become of the gentleman from New York [Mr. DICKSTEIN], who stated that he stood on the outside of the bund Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Will the gentleman yield? meeting, among his comrades, and saw this terrible disgrace to Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. America taking place? - . . Mr. He has not been here denouncing this Communist meeting held SCHAFER of Wisconsin. When you tell him of the in New York, neither has there been a word from any other liberal, Nazi camp in his district I hope the gentleman will be more so-called, denouncing this meeting of Communists in New York. ·accurate than the misrepresentation he made with reference I wish to say to you I think lt is high time that these g~n:tlemen ·to Nazi camps in Milwaukee. To read the gentleman's not only denounce the meeting of the bund but, lf they are sincere . in their protestations of patriotic impulses, tbey ought to stand speeches in the RECORD, one would think that Hitler had bere on the floor and 1n the same language denounce the activities about seven divisions there in a Boy Scout camp. · 1939 _CONGRESSIONAL ~ECORD-· HOUSE 2541 Mr. DICKSTEIN. Now, without going into any vindictive­ Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? . ness or sad and sour remarks, and with all due respects to Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. my colleague from your State, I still say that what I have Mr. RICH. In the work which the Dies committee is doing, said in the RECORD is true. If the gentleman wants to take trying to make these investigations, the gentleman and his . the trouble, we will establish a blue print for ·him so that he committee have a great deal of information that would be may go there and march with the soldiers in goose-step in very valuable, no doubt, in stamping out these "isms." Would that camp. it not be wise for you to present that to the Dies committee? Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I know where that camp is. Mr. DICKSTEIN. If the gentleman has read my speech It is in my city. It is a small camp which is equivalent to which I think I made on the 24th of last month, in a discussion ..a Y. M. C. A. camp, where a few children spend their vaca­ between myself and my colleague [Mr. DEMPSEY], a member of .tions, the gentleman's allegations to the contrary notwith­ the Dies committee, I have given Mr. DEMPSEY the assurance standing. The gentleman had better. go to Milwaukee and of cooperation if I can get some definite program and under­ · get his facts. . . standing. There is no question that I could give them some , Mr. DICKSTEIN. Then the gentleman admits there is a · very valuable information. In addition thereto, I hope that camp in his district? this Congress will adopt the rule which was reported out a Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. It is a bund, not a Nazi few days ago to give the Committee on Immigration and -camp. Naturalization an opportunity to go into the question of alien Mr. DICKSTEIN. ;rt is a small, little Nazi camp. smuggling, dual nationality, and other things, to clean house Mr.· SCHAFER of Wisconsin. No; it is not any ·kind of in this country. a Nazi camp. [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. DICKSTEIN. It is a small, little Nazi camp. Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield 1 ad­ Mr. SCHAFER of- Wisconsin. No; it is not. ditional minute to the gentleman from New York [Mr. DICK­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. What would the gentleman call that STEIN]. .camp? . Mr. · McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. The members of the bund yield? · .' in Milwaukee are American citizens. They are not-Nazis. ­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. I yield. Mr. DICKSTEIN. No American citizen can. claim to be a · Mr. McCORMACK. I 'think· the inquiry of the gentleman true .American citizen if he wears a foreign uniform [ap­ froin Pennsylvania is a very pertinent one. I want to assure plause] and carries a foreign flag. [Applause.] the gentleman that, having been chairman of a similar com­ Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin . .They do not wear a Nazi mittee 4 years ago, I shall be glad to cooperate. I have uniform and do not catty a Nazi flag. already offered my services. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I tell you, ladies and gentlemen of this I alSo want to ca·ll attention to the fact that the committee House, as I have told you a few years ago, there are over of which I was chairman and the gentleman from New York 100 of the so-called Nazi bunds, with a membership running ·vice chairman-and I want to say that no finer · American into the thousands, the -members of which under the guise ·Of 'lives today than the gentleman from New York [Mr. DicK­ being Americans, are holding ·dual nationality. They are 'STEIN] [applause]; he is pro-American; he is opposed to aU just holding. their certificates of citizenship to either keep "isms"-that committee recommended a · bill which passed their jobs or for fear of being deported. I say, every one last year, the Registration Act, a very effective piece of_legis­ of them ought to be disposed of in some form or another, · lation. We also recommended another bill that I am going because this country has no room for any other uniforms to introduce in a few days, making it a crime for· any person than the American uniform of the American Army. [Ap­ knowingly and willfully to advocate the overthrow of gov­ plause.] ernment by force and violence. I have introduced this bill It does not make any difference whether it is a small camp in previous sessions, but we have never been able to ·get the or a big camp, the menace is right there. If you want to bill up. It is a · bill that should pass. No American should go down to Camp Gregerstown, N.J., and other bund camps be opposed to a bill of .that kind, and I hope this Congress you will find they are taking American Yankee children be­ will pass it. [Applause.l tween· 4 and 12 years of age and teaching them the phil­ [Here the gavel fell.] osophy of hate and intolerance, teachipg them everything against democracy and the United States, and for the benefit Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERGl. of the Hitler Government. , But I took the floor today to call your attention to an­ Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Chairman, on March 4 this Chamber other point. · rang with the celebration of the one hundred and fiftieth · The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from New anniversary of this Congress under our present Constitution. York has expired. I confess that on yesterday during the debate on the reorgani­ · Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield the zation bill, in which I participated, and in line with the cele­ gentleman from New York 2 additional minutes. bration on March 4 presented an amendment with all the Mr. DICKSTEIN. If I am wrong I want to be corrected devotion an American citizen anywhere could put behind an and I will apologize, but I do not think it is fair for any effort toward maintaining and keeping representative democ­ Member of this House to hit ariy other Member below the racy safe, that I find myself today still confused and hurt and belt. It is unfair to stand on this floor and tell the Amer­ smarting for· having had the attention of the Committee ican people that I am in sympathy with communism. I called to the fact that I used a truly American amendment will show you definitely and positively that I have fought the as a dagger; and I ask the indulgence of the House on this Communists on the same ground as I have fought the bund, occasion to hear a few words from one of the Doones--as I and hope to continue, while I am a Member of this House, believe I was so referred to on yesterday. to do so. [Applause.] Mr. WARREN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? I love my country and I want to keep it as our forefathers Mr. KLEBERG. I yield. gave it to us. I say to all of you that all "isms" are a menace Mr. WARREN. I distinctly disavow that I placed the gen­ and that we ought to get rid of them. I hope the Dies com­ tleman from Texas in with the Doones. I wish he would read mittee will do a good job. I hope and trust that when I have that part again. But seriously, Mr. Chairman, if I in any way the power in my committee to go into other alien details that gave personal offense to the gentleman from Texas in my I will do a good job, too. I assure you, ladies and gentlemen remarks yesterday, I wish to assure him that that was as far of this House, that I have never been in sympathy With from my thought as it could possibly be. The gentleman communism or any other "isms," and that I have been re­ from Texas is a man of great character, of high mind, and sponsible for the deportation of many of those un-Americans splendid ·ability. Since he first came here he has been one in this country who believe in "isms" subversive to our form of of my close personal friends, and he holds the respect and government. . ~steem of the e~tire House. LXXXIV-161 2542 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-H'OUSE MARCH 9 If he will further indulge me for a second, I do not propose a list of countries which produce cotton, and. I cannot at to let the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN] try to this juncture read this list because it wouJd take too long. torture the words in the RECORD that I used in referenc.e to If unanimous consent is obtained by the. chairman of the the gentleman from New York [Mr. TABER]. Mr. TABER and subcommittee, I will include a list of the countries in which I have likewise been good friends since I have been in the the pink bollworm is found, and which now grow cotton. House and I have frequently paid tribute. to his ability. The This is an interesting list. same applies to the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. [Here the gavel fell.J GIFFORD]. The Associated Press referred to it as "good­ Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield the natured criticism." [Applause.] gentleman 5 additional minutes. Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Chairman, I would be less than The CHAIRMAN zambique; British East Africa; Kenya; Nyassalan,d; Nigeria-Lagos; Sierra Leone; Angola; estimate, but this to be in the supply bill for agriculture. Belgian Congo; Uganda.. Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. And the gentleman proposes to ask for an increase over that? It is important to note that no country outside of the Mr. KLEBERG. Yes. ·united · States, not even excepting Mexico, occupies a posi­ [Here the gavel fell.l tion, based on transportation facilities and literacy, com­ Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield the parable to the United States. This statement is made to gentleman 1 additional minute. 1llustrate the insurmountable difficulties confronting every Mr. THOMASON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman cotton-producing country in this list with reference to com­ ·yield? pliance with an effective program for the eradication of the Mr. KLEBERG. I yield to the gentleman from Texas. pink bollworm. , Mr. THOMASON. In view of the very forceful and unan­ This program calls for, first, the plowing under of all stalks swerable argument the gentleman is making, does he not standing in fields and the elimination of all rubbish prior to .believe the only way this menace can be met, inasmuch as it approximately September 1 of each year, as well as the 'iS almost a national problem, is by substantial Federal aid? sterilization by heat treatment of all seeds in gins during the Mr. KLEBERG. Absolutely. cotton season. You can readily understand, gentlemen how Mr. THOMASON. That is the only way we can ever hope difficult the Gonsummation and effectuation of this prdgram to solve the problem? would be in countries such as China, India, Egypt, Brazil, and Mr. KLEBERG. Yes. other Latin-American countries, including Mexico, in view of Mr. Chairman, in conclusion I want to call attention to their lack of highways, together with educational attain­ the fact that with the enormous cotton surplus we have in ments to be found among the farmers producing cotton. the United States there is a definite possibility of our being For your information, the Texas delegation in the Congress able to utilize this surplus to save the cotton industry of the appointed my good friends the Honorable MILTON WEsT and United States by working out an agreement with Mexico the Honorable GEORGE MAHON and myself as a committee to along certain lines that will be apparent to any thinking per- . which was assigned the task of presenting.the pink bollworm son in order to eradicate that pest in Mexico, from where problem to the Subcommittee on -. Appropriations and to the we must continue to become infested if this pest is left in Director of the Budget. These gentlemen, including myself, have undertaken to present this matter, after a detailed and ,that small area in Me~co. [Here the gavel fell] . exhaustive study, to the mentioned committee and· to the Director of the Budget, and as chairman of this committee Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 1 addi­ I am undertaking here and now to present the importance of tional minute. this problem to the House of Representatives of the Congress Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Chairman, that small area in Mex­ of the United States. . · · ico 1ilfested by the pink boll worm produces on an average ·. · With particular reference to the situation in Mexico, from from 250,000 to 300,000 .bales per annum. which country we · may properly expect continued reinfesta­ Mr. RICH. Will the gentleman yield? tion of this insect pest, this committee has already presented Mr. KLEBERG. I yield to the gentleman from Pennsyl- · to t~e Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of State the vania. importance of evolving a treaty between the United States Mr. RICH. Does the gentleman have any idea what it is and Mexico whereby the eradication of this pest may be con­ going to cost to eradicate this evil? summated with the least possible delay. It is my opinion, as Mr. KLEBERG. Yes; I think I . can tell very accurately. chairman of this committee, that worth-while consideration Mr. RICH. How much will it cost? should be given to the idea of·taking from our surplus cotton Mr. KLEBERG. If the work is carefully gone ·into in this on hand a sufficient baleage each year by proper terms for country, and if we can succeed in our plans with Mexico, an the purpose of furnishing Mexico with a like amount of cotton appropriation of $920,000, in excess of what is already author­ to that produced in Mexico's infested areas in an effort to set ized in the -bill, will do .the job. up in our neighbor country, Mexico, a non-cotton-producing Mr. RICH. The gentleman is a good financier and a very program in the area infested by the pink bollworm. · It important Membe~ of this House, and I should like to ask is to the mutual interest of Mexico and the United States him, because I have asked everyone else, where are you going to give serious. consideration to ·this proposal. The United to get the money? States has every incentive to reduce our _cotton surplus on hand. Mexico, like the United States, has every incentive to Mr. KLEBERG. I will answer that question for my good eradicate this destructive pest which bids fair to destroy the-­ ~riend for . all time. The minute you agree to permit the earning power of industry and agriculture if not intelligently cotton farmer to make some money above costs you will find and effectively curbed. The process of eradication is simple, it a pretty easy job to get the money. and, in my candid and earnest opinion, requires the most Mr. Chairman, in order to expedite this discussion it is serious attention, and should be undertaken with the least ·necessary· to call the attention of the membership to the possible delay. fact that the pink bollworm Formosa), accounts for its widespread distribution within such a short time. Chosen (Korea); Turkey (Mesopotamia)-Aden, Smyrna., C111cia.; The known distribution includes Egypt and other countries in Syria; Palestine; Island of Cyprus. Africa; India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam, China, Japan, and other coun­ Oceanica: Dutch East Indies--Java; Ph111ppine Islands; Hawaiian tries in Asia; the ·Philippine Islands; Australia; Hawaii; Brazil, ~!~~:;:~s. Fiji Islands; Samoa; New Cal1donia; New Guinea; New Argentina, and other South American countries; the West Indies; Mexico and the Big Bend area of Texas. Its introduction into the Africa: Egypt; Sudan; Algeria; Tripoli-Cyrenaica; Tunisia.; .Western Hemisphere is fairly definitely estabUshed with the intro­ Italian Somaliland; German East Africa-Tanganyika. Territory, duction of Egyptian cottonseed into Brazil and Mexico in 1911. 2544 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9

In all of these regions it is the most serious cotton pest. Several of St~tes each new infestation discovered ha.s received prompt and the larger cotton-growing countries, including China, India, Egypt, vigorous attention, and a continuous fight has been waged to held Russia, Argentine Republic, and Australia, have. sent entomologists it in check antl prevent its spread. In other countries the pest and others engaged in cotton investigations to this country to study was generally distributed ·before its presence was known by the our methods of pink bollworm research and control. authorities, or before research or control was started. It is known The pink bollworm feeds in the squares and bolls of cotton and to be a serious pest in areas that have lower and higher tem­ reduces the quantity and quality of both lint and seed. Bolls are peratures and that are as humid or as arid as most of our Cotton its prefelTed food, and the principal damage is caused by the worms Belt. . . In the colder areas, with heavy winter rainfall conditions feeding on the undeveloped fibers and seed. When small bolls are would be unfavorable for the pink bollworm but in many sections attacked they are completely destroyed, while the amount of dam­ conditions would seem to be more favorable for the worms than age to older bolls depends on the age of the bolls and the number of in the Big Bend. worms per boll. The lint in these bolls is cut and discolored, the The relation of the pink bollworm and boll weevil to the Amer­ interior of the seeds is eaten out, and in badly infested bolls the ican cotton crop is very important. The United States is the only lint is short and kinky, the seed light, and with little oil. The pink important cotton-producing country where the boll weevil is a bollworm ~ffects not only the farmers but also the cotton spinners, serious pest. The Bureau of Agricultural Economics estimates an oil crushers, and others by reduction in the quality of lint and seed. average annual reduction from full yield caused by the boll weevil Information on the losses caused by the pink bdllworm in various at 10.87 percent of the crop, or $200,000,000 annually. The losses countries leaves no doubt as to its seriousness as a cotton pest. caused by the boll weevil in the United States more or less cor­ King (Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories Bull. 21, 1924) states respond to the losses in , other countries from the pink bollworm that "of all the insect pests of cotton, that known as the pink and we are on a somewhat comparable basis in regard to insect bollworm is probably the most important." Bishara (Min. of Agric. losses. The greatest damage by the boll weevil is to the squares Egypt, Tech. and Sci. Service Bull. 163, 1936) says: "It is now 20 (before bolls are formed) and by the pink bollworm to the bolls years since the pink bollworm became the most serious pest of themselves. Studies by Rude in Mexico have shown that these cotton in Egypt. The average losses are well over a m1llion kantars two insects will work together in the same field and not compete of cotton in yield." (Equals 315,000,000 pounds seed cotton, or to any extent against each other. In other words, the establish­ 210,000 bales.) Gough (Min. of Agric. Egypt, Tech. and Sci. Bull. ment of the pink bollworm would not reduce the weevil damag~ 132, 1917) states that "it now occurs everywhere cotton is grown in but would simply add to it. In addition the cotton produced Egypt; in the last week of October, 87 percent of the green bolls in would be lowered in grade and quality. American cotton is al• lower Egypt, 78 percent in middle, and 60 percent in upper Egypt ready . receiving keen competition from foreign growths in cost of were attacked by it." production and in quality. An additional increase in the cost of He estimated the loss in Egypt at 17 percent of the crop. production from losses caused by ·the pink bollworm would stlll Johnston (Well. Trap. Res. Lab. Bull. 26) estimated the infestation further jeopardize the position of American cotton in the world in the Sudan at 3.8 percent in 1927 and 24 percent in 1928. In the markets. Laguna district of Mexico, Loftin (U. S. D. A. Bull. 918) estimated The fact that the Department of Agriculture has been able to the loss in 1918-19 at 20 percent of the crop, and in 1920 at sa or 39 eradicate the pink bollworm in Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, eastern percent. This was the worst pink bollworm year in Mexico to date. Texas, and in the Salt River Valley. of Arizona, and the further Ohlendorf (U. S. D. A. Bull. 1374) places the loss from 1921 to 1926 fact that it has not become a serious pest in New Mexico and at 20 to 25 percent of the crop, and reports from Rude indicate that Arizona and certain sections of western Texas has had a tend­ the average loss has been about 20 percent of the crop through ency to cause people interested in the cotton industry to have a 1936. Estimates by others than entomologists have usually placed feeling of security that may not be justified. There is probably the loss in ·Mexico at a higher figure. A commission, representing no way that we can be certain just how serious the pink bollwQrm farm organizations, cotton associations, chambers of commerce, etc., might become in other parts of the Cotton Belt until it has be­ of Texas, visit.ed the Laguna in 1920 and estimated the crop loss come established. As a matter of insurance we cannot alford to for that year at 50 percent. Schutz and Haskell, of the Bureau of take the chance of allowing this insect to become established in Agricultural Economics, estimated the losses for 1915-21 at 23.49 other regions if this can be prevented. percent. In Brazll the Minister of Agriculture placed the loss in 1917 at from 30 to 66 percent of the crop in different States. We Following this I hereby oft'er a boiled-down summation of were informed by the Governor of the State of Chaco that the pink conclusions reached by Mr. R. E. McDonald, of the Bureau bollworm now occurs in all the cotton areas of Argentina and of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, submitted for the study causes serious loss. Puerto Rico was formerly the largest producer of Sea Island cotton of the State Wide Cotton Committee of Texas. Mr. McDonald in the world with 20,000 acres planted in 1931. Leonard (Jour. is one of the best qualified and most indefatigable employees P.R. Dept. Agric., val. 16, No. 1) estimated the loss t:n yield to be and entomologists of the United States Department of at least 16 to 20 percent and probably more in 1931. Largely be­ Agriculture. cause of this damage no cotton was planted for several years; and. when resumed, Fife (Agric. Notes, P.R. Exp. Sta., No. 81) estimated INFORMATION FROM A STATEMENT REGARDING PINK BOLLWORM PRBPAJUI:D 30 percent of the crop destroyed in 1936. The cotton industry in BY MR. R. E. M'DONALD, OF THE BUREAU OP ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT Bawa11 and the Virgin Islands has been discontinued largely be­ QUARANTINE, FOR THE STATE-wxlm COTTON COMMITTEE OF TEXAS cause of the pin~ bollworm damage, and has been greatly curtailed The pink bollworm is the worst pest of cotton in the world and in all of the West Indies. Of the 161 insect pests of cotton in the one most diftlcult to combat. During the last 20 years the China, L1 (Ent. and Phytopath, val. 6, No. 1, 1937) estimates that United States Department of Agriculture an_d cooperating States the pink bollworm causes 60 percent of all insect losses, or $30,000,• have been fighting to prevent the establlshment of this pest in 000 a year. cotton cultures of the United States. During this period it has Cotton is a hot-weather crop and requires a frost-free period gained limited establishment in sections within the main Cotton of 200 days and average summer temperatures of about 74° F. for Belt. As the result of active and intensive work these infestations successful commercial production. Apparently the pink bollworm in the main Cotton Belt have been eliminated. It also gained can survive ·in practically any climate where cotton can be grown. establishment in cotton cultures along the southern boundary of The only area in the United States where the pink bollworm :nas the United States, contiguous to cotton cultures . In Me:xtco, and become suftlciently abundant to cause commercial damage is the quarantine and control operations have been responsible for pre­ Big Bend region of Texas, where the losses have been 16 to 20 per­ venting its spread into new areas from this section. cent of the crop in recent years. Low temperatures-and heavy rain­ In the fall of 1936 an infestation was for the ·first time dis­ fall during the winter increase pink bollworm mortality. Very covered in the Matamoras-Brownsville section. The source of this high summer temperatures also seem to reduce the pink bollworm infestation is not known. No measures to control this pest were population. Nevertheless, serious losses .are caused in regions with undertaken during the remainder of the crop year except to ptevent extreme climatic conditions. At Tlahualilo Dgo., Mexico, where the spread by carriage of material. The 1937 crop carried a sllght in­ pink bollworm has been established longer and causes more damage crease, and in that year an effort was made to have all farmers on than anywhere else in North America, the minimum temperatures both sides of the river clean their fields with 1nd11ferent success. from 1918 to 1933 ranged between 16° and 26° F., and the maximum .There was a tremendous increase in the infestation in the fall of • from 100• to 114° F., but during 10 of these 16 years did not exceed 1938. The effort has been continued to get all farmers on both 102° F. In the Big Bend of Texas the extremes are somewhat sides of the river to clean their own fields with some better success greater than in the Laguna district of Mexico, ranging during recent than in 1937. years from so to 116° F. At Cairo, Egypt, the minimum temperature With the infestation in the Matamoros-BrownsvUle section the is about 25° F., but the maximum reaches 120° F., with several pink bollworm is now in a strategic position where it can enter the months averaging above too• F. The pink bollworm causes serious ·cotton Belt over a Wide area. Considering the posslb111ty that damage in northern China in one of the most northerly cotton­ the moths w111 be spread by wind drift to other locations unless growing regions of the world, where temperatures are low, although the infestation is controlled, spread to the main Cotton Belt may the rainfall is light. The rainfall in unirrigated regions, where the occur regardless of any quarantine measures that may be enforced. pink bollworm occurs, varies from the minimum requirements for It would seem that there is only one way to solve the problem and cotto:a production from 80 to 100 inches per year in the Tropics. that is to eradicate the pest at its source. These extremes of climatic conditions in the regions where the Before going into any suggestions as to methods that may be pink bollworm occurs are greater than in any of the cotton-produc­ employed to control or eradicate this pest, it is well enough to ing areas of the United States. review very briefly its life history. The pink bollworm is a moth. As to what damage the pink bollworm would cause if introduced Its primary host is cotton, and this is the only plant that needs into ditferent cotton sections of the United States it is impossible to be taken into consideration in eradication efforts in this country. to say. The United States is in a unique position ·among the The moths emerge in the spring from ove~wintering larvae. The cotton-growing countries in its relation to the pink bollworm. m:oths live only a few d&.ys 'after emerging, and if there 1s not cotton Ever since the first discovery of this insect in continental United in fruit when the moth emerges it dies. without propagating itself. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2545 If there is cotton in fruit, eggs are placed thereon, which develop laws and regulations perhaps · in time it can be done more satis­ into full-grown larvae and emerge into moths in 20 to 30 days. factorily than in the past. If, however, in the meantime the pink This life cycle is repeated over and over during the season. Toward bollworm spreads over the country, any control may come too late. fall, as the nights begin to cool, the worms cease to change into There is no lack of cooperation. All interests are united in trying moths and go into hibernation, spinning for themselves cocoons, every way possible to get the job done, but the unwholesome fact and perhaps going into the ground. If the winters are extremely remains that it has not been done as it should have been done. In cold-that is to say, about zero at intervals--most of these unpro­ August the ground is usually dry and hard, and dimcult in the tected overwintering larvae will die. In such climates those hiber­ extreme to plow. Many cut the stalks in August, expecting to plow nating in seed can be destroyed by ster111zation, and those in other when it rains. Then, when it rains it gets too wet, resulting in protected situations can be killed by cleaning up waste. the stalks sprouting again. Also, when the land is plowed many During the growing season. when the cotton is fruiting and worms stalks have roots still hanging and continue to grow. The main are in the bolls, squares or blooms, there is absolutely nothing that trouble can be summed up in a few words. The cost of getting can be done that will have any effect upon the infestation. The out these stalks quickly and effectively is about $2.65 per acre. two weak spots in the insect's life history are in the fall before Few farmers have that money to spend on the land. If they do the cool nights set in or in the spring before cotton begins to fruit. have it, they probably do not want .to spend it. Hence they try If the food supply-that is, green cotton---can be cut off before the to save, and the result is an indifferent job. Except for those who time of the year for the worms to go into hibernation, they will plant winter crops, the regular farm practices do not call for any emerge as moths and die. If cotton planting in the spring is work or expense in field cleaning in the fall. In fact, many prefer delayed until most of the moths have emerged and died, the pests ·to have the fields· for winter grazing. We· have tried to persuade, can thus be reduced year by year until final eradication results. . entice, or compel all the farmers on these 400,000 acres of land to Of course, in milder climates a great many pink bollworms can be destroy the crop residue in . such an excellent manner and early killed by destroying crop residues even in the winter when the enough to eradicate the wol'St cotton plague of the world, and the larvae are in hibernation therein, and in the case of light infesta­ one most tenacious of life. After this effort in the fall of 1937 tions this may result in eradication; but in such a favorable situa­ we had an increase in the pest a hundredfold in 1938. We tried tion as exists in the lower valley area, or in the heavily infested again in 1938, and we tried to improve. The results wm be known spots in the Big Bend of Texas and adjacent northern Mexico, such in 1939. Methods of controlling the pink bollworm must be exact. mild measures cannot be depended upon. They would be helpful We are dealing with a terrible plague-one that can outwit the best in connection with other more drastic means. Of course, 1f an area minds of the world. Therefore, 1f we place our dependence on is free of cotton for a period of a year, good results can be expected, slipshod methods, it is altogether probable that we are going to be and in most cases there would be complete e~adication. Howeyer, disappointed. some larvae live over a longer period than that, and we could It has been suggested that funds in sumc.ient amount be raised to never be certain in an area heavily infested that a 1-year non­ step in immediately after picking the cotton with adequate equip­ cotton zone would be completely successful. ment and uproot all cotton on both sides of the river. It would In the lower Rio Grande Valley, as stated in the beginning, the have to be done by two methods: One, by using heavy tractors problem is much more acute and serious. . There are on both sides with heavy middlebusters, taking two rows at a time, and plowing of the Rio Grande some 400,000 aeres of ·cotton in this valley- the ground deep enough to uproot the cotton and bury it, regard­ 250,000 in Texas and 150,000 in Mexico. A noncotton zone on both less of how dry the ground might be. On the lands where tractors sides of the river taking in the whole area would undoubtedly effect would not be practical, grubbing hoes would have to be used to eradication, especially 1f continued 2 years. Since this problem is cut the stalks off well below the surfa<:e. It is my opinion that 1f international, it must of necessity be so considered. Mexico 1s sumcient time should be given for the perfecting of a careful willing to cooperate with us fully in any measures looking to the organization to handle such a job it can be largely completed in 2 interests of both countries, and is most heartily cooperating. A weeks. In a normal year this would mean the cotton should be noncotton zone of necessity immediately brings heavy losses on destroyed by September 1 or 15. the community over which it is placed. There are many intangible losses to the community besides the actual losses to farmers for For the further information of the House, I include herein nonproduction. Among these might be mentioned the losses of a statistical table showing the final estimates of production processors, handlers, and workers, and the moving away of families in Mexico, by States, from the years 1925-26 down to and indirectly affected by the nonproduction of cotton. However, in the past only losses of farmers have been recognized and paid. including 1935-36, as well as a table showing the estimates of Another plan of trying to handle this situation is to continue the acreage and production in the principal cotton-producing what we are now doing, improved in all respects possible. At the area of Mexico , from which the States present time the Texas law and corresponding laws of Mexico, as interpreted in regulations, require the farmers to clean the fields-­ of New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas receive their principal that is, kill all the growing cotton-prior to October 1. That is not infestation of pink bollworm by the high air-lane travel of working out entirely satisfactorily. However, by strengthening the the pink bollworm moth. • Cotton: Final estimates of production in Mexico, by States, 1925-26 to 1935-36 JAmounts in bales, 478 pounds net] .

192&-26 1926-27 1927-28 1928-29 1929-30 1930-31 1931-32 1932-33 1933-34 1934-35 1935-38, ------1------1---- North_ •• __ ------­ 114,019 274,073 128,446 183,630 142,040 98,099 175,421 81,971 235,604 197,909 191,416 Coahuila __ .------­ 68,702 173,908 66,922 ' 115,396 85,~1 47,810 105,770 45,145 99,435 82,608 98,384 DurangoChihuahua._------______12,755 17,324 8, 317 14,656 11,430 12,605 11,016 7,946 15,246 22,685 21,216 16,026 56,023 29,945 36,074 28,122 19,036 42,797 15,286 77,433 30,798 '¥/,396 Nuevo Leon.------289 1,307 503 253 394 584 313 2,453 8,807 19,485 26,875 TamaulipasSan Luis PotosL------______160 ------76 ------m 16,087 ---25;5ii- ---22;759- 17,251 16,253 17,988 15,525 --~ii;i4i- 34,683 42,333 17, ~68 ------308 288 ·278 795 1,411 1,214 765 424 414 912 = 1,074 Gulf______·------Tabasco _. ------.------9 ------288------424- Veracruz ______------__ 299 ------278------795- ---T4ii- ----i;2i4------765------414------912------i.""o74 ------82,797 83,471 48,640 92,220 99,280 73,483 31,627 18,079 22,918 23,080 = 56, 2M North Pacific•• ------Baja California •• ------78,261 80,215 46,214 81,220 81,447 60,880 '¥/,484 14,667 18,363 ' - 18,811 44,'¥/6 NayaritSinaloa ______------__ ------_ _ 2,433 359 501 1,101 862 1,499 1, 747 851 1, 547 1, 725 1, 365 Sonora ______404 69 69 120 2,085 2,029 613 1,072 2,583 1,822 8, 419 1,699 2,828 1,856 9, 779 14,886 9,075 1, 783 1,489 425 722 2,193 = = ------= South Pacific.------2,455 1,181 1,105 1,114 2, 715 4,183 2, 374 1,010 1,444 1,024 1,275 Colima ______------15 ------i- 10 10 54 35 ------2- 41 ------2- 7 Chiapas·------Guerrero ______63 36 27 9 6 9 7 1,424 625 394 436 1,041 1,999 1, 327 356 482 331 305 953 555 665 641 1, 611 2, 143 1,038 652 921 691 956 Oaxaca.------= ---= ---= Central------897 809 769 701 583 5'¥1 39 53 46 48 5CY1 Hidalgo ______Jalisco ______28 123 83 55 98 89 ------39------63------46------48- 415 823 686 686 646 485 438 ~ Michoacaan. _------46 ------·------=====F===:1====i=====1====1====1======------· Grand total------200,476 359,822 179,238 '¥/8, 460 246,029 177,506 210,226 101,537 260,426 222,973 250,526

Soi.J,rce: Boletin Mensual del Departmento de Economics y Estadistica; 1925-26 issue of· August 1928; 1926-27, November 1927; 1927-28, August 1928; 1928-29, April 1929; 1929-30, May 1930; 193Q-31, September 1931; 1931-32, October 1932; 1932-33, November Ul33; 1933-34, September 1934; 1934-35, June 1935; 11)35-36. March 1936. · 2546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 Cotton: Estimate& of acreage and production in Laguna district ·In 1932 the exports of cotton from Brazil a.mounted to of Mexico 2,387 bales each of 478 pounds net. In 1936 the exports of cotton from Brazil amounted to 921,943 bales. Based upon Area Production Source reports I have received from the Brazilian cotton fields in the last 2 weeks, it appears Brazil alone will have for export Bale8 from the crop that is now being harvested in excess of Acre8 (478pound8) 1,500,000 bales of cotton this year; and within the next 3 to 1931.------169, 937 141,446 Consular Report, June 10, 1937, No. 123547. 5 years Brazil will have for export a minimum of 5,000,000 1932______106, 824 59,340 Do. 1933______194,732 175,853 Do. bales of cotton. 1934______150,302 132,747 Do. So when you tie that story in all of its ram11lcattons up 1935_------164, 176 146,412 Do. with the destructive effect of the pink bollworm and with the 1936_------345,628 176,594 Do. 75,000 Consular Report, Apr. fact there are 13,000,000 bales of cotton now on hand, with 1938-39.------13, 1938, No. 128Ml. · 95,000 Consular Report, June only 2,000,000 bales of cotton available in the free channels of 16, 1938, No. 129817. trade during the next few months, it is indeed apparent the cotton South is now on its knees. This serves notice to the Following this I include a restricted estimate of the cotton rest of this country, particularly the automobile industry, area in Mexico, including the Laguna district, which is in­ that purchasing power in the southern area of the United fested by the pink bollworm. States must necessarily decline. Unless we break the band Cotton: Mexfco--estimate of1938-39 crop. b1J districts that now surrounds 13,000,000 bales of cotton in this country District: Bales so some of this cotton can move into the channels of trade, Torreon (L~)------95,000 we will have a disaster of far-reaching consequences in this 52,000 country within the next 12 or 15 months. I!atatnoros------­ 3,000 I>onCiudad !larttD------de Dellcias (Chihuahua) ______·_.:. ______24,000 VIRGIN ISLANDS CiudadJuarez------­ 16,000 Mr. Chairman, I desire to address my remarks now to a !4ex1cali------~----- 40,000 ·portion of this bill. I caD the attention of the committee to CoastalSonoraandStnaloa (Guerrero and______Veracruz), tncludlng States of 13,000 that part of the hearings, beginning on page 952 of the bill, Miscellaneous______7,000 which pertains to the Virgin Islands. As you travel from Key West, Fla., to Cuba, to Santo Domingo, and to Puerto Rico, ~tal------250,000 you come upon the Virgin Islands of St. Thomas, St. John, Report of Consul Stewart, Mexico, June 10, 1938, No. 129817. and St. Croix. There we have an American colony which we In conclusion, Mr. Chairman, permit me to express my acquired from the Danish Government in 1916 because we appreciation for the assistance of my colleagues in the Texas feared it might go into the hands of Germany and become a delegation, together with my colleague the distinguished military or naval base. The conclusion of our Government gentleman from Arizona, Mr. MURDOCK, as well as the distin­ was that we should own and control that little empire, con­ guished gentleman from New Mexico, Mr. DEMPSEY, in con- ' sisting of three islands: We have in these three islands aP­ nection with this matter. I desire here and now to make proximately 25,000 Americ.an citiZens, and sometimes we are particular mention of the invaluable assistance and advice of inclined to forget they are under our Government. my long-time friend, the distinguished, able, and impartial . In recent years we have been carrying on a great experi­ Speaker of the House of Representatives, the Honorable ' ment there in the form of a "planned economy," which is not WILLIAK B. BANKHEAD, of Alabama, who, together with many working out satisfactorily to our people in this country who other colleagues in the cotton-producing area of the United · are watching the situation, or to the people of the Virgin States, have offered and rendered notable aid in my humble Islands. In reading these hearings you should go behind the presentation of this all-important problem. scenes and get the story behind the story, because there is one It is my sincere hope that the Meml;>ers of the House of to be had. . . • Representatives will appreciate the inesttlnable importance The Government went down there a few years ago and of rendering timely and vital assistance looking toward the started the conversion of the islands back into a sugar planta­ Curb of this scourge of the cottonftelds and agent of unem­ tion. The islands are subjected to extended droughts, which ployment in our country when the appropriation bill for the very often occur and run from 12 to 18 months. A drought Department of Agriculture comes before this body. has been in effect the last several months and has cut down Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutai to.the gen- the production of sugar and sugarcane. In addition, there is tleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD]. · another drought which has been working against the op~ra­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, I desire first to confirm tions in the islands in the form of a cut in the price of sugar, as best I can in this manner the remarks just made by the and this is described by the president of the Virgin Islands ientleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERGl. I have watched the Co., which ls the planned economy corporation operating in development of the trouble with the pink bollworm with a the islands as a Government undertaking. This is the testi­ great deal of interest. During the last cotton-growing sea­ mony of Mr. Brown, of the Virgin Islands Co.: son I also inspected fields in south Texas and found condi­ The ~vere drought of 1938 cause~ a heavy J"eduction in the tions identical with those which the gentleman · has just amount of sugar obtained from the St. Croix acre~ge planted in sugarcane. The economic condition tn St. Croix 1s a cWilcult one, described. With the sugar industry confronted with very low sugar prices, very While I do not have time to go into the phase of the cot­ high freight rates to New York, very low sugar yields per acre-about ton subject which I desired to discuss some time this week, 1 ton of sugar per acre for St. croix, which has no irrigation, versus from 4 to abou~ 7 tons of sugar per _acre fo:r Puerto Rico-very high I wish to speak about another type of attack which is being export duty on raw sugar shipped from St. Croix (Congress reduced made on the cotton growers of this country and which I be­ export duty from $8 per ton to $6 per ton,. versus no export duty at neve is much more serious, certainly on the basis of the all for Puerto Rico)- $920,000 required, than the pink bollworm. Or Hawaii, and no export taxes of any kind on sugar in the Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman United States, which competes with the Virgin Islands sugar. yield? When we enacted the National Labor Relations Act we ex­ Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gentleman from Texas. tended its provisions to the Virgin· Islands, and this imme­ Mr. KLEBERG. I desire to thank the gentleman for his diately followed the application of two wage increases, which contribution. I also desire to say to the committee it has had previously been put into operation by the Government been my observation that the gentleman from Michigan is following its initiation of the "planned economy" program. both observing and constructive in his thoughts with refer­ So as you read the testimony you find that exceedingly ence to the basic and fundamental -questions which are of heavY increases in wages have applied. Then we have our such vital importance to this country. theoretical set-up of planned economy tn the islands wherein Mr. CRAWFORD. I thank the gentleman. we went in and recovered land and started homesteading .1939. CONGRESSIONAL ;RECORD-HOUSE 2547 financed with Government funds .. We established an ideal · Another editorial states: planned economy-on sugar. We established an ideal planned The Governor should be told that turn-about is fair play; that economy on the fixation of wages at a minimum. We estab­ he cannot fool . all the people all the time; that 1f he had had any lished an .ideal planned economy with reference to the set­ practical business experience he would talk and act dUierently. ting of prices through quota allotments on sugar, and all of I ask the committee to study the many pages of testimony this is destroying the economic life of che Virgin islanders, in the hearings and get the story back of these economic de­ and the man who runs may read. · velopments. It ties into a further situation which we have There is another stor-Y in the Virgin' Islands. Apparently, in this country and which, as you analyze it, becomes amaz­ they have become the dumping ground for political patron­ ing, and 'it is about to be put into operation. age. You will find that the judiciary of the Virgin Islands YELLOW AND BLUE MONEY ·has been taken over by the Department of the Interior and I say it becomes amazing because of its ramifications, and you will find that the Virgin islanders are now pleading with this goes back to cotton, it goes back to sugar, it goes back the Attorney General . in the hope that he will take back to all of these commodities which are construed as "sur­ under his wiilg. the judiciary of the Virgin Islands to the end plus commodities." that they will not have to suffer as a result of this change, We have a Commodity Credit Corporation; we have a Fed­ you might say, in the form of government. eral Surplus Commodities Corporation, and we have a Dairy Mr. CULKIN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Products Marketing Association which bas been set up for Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield. taking surplus butter out of the market. Did you folks know Mr. CULKIN. Does this crop of judiciary supplement the that· we are about to put into circulation in this country "Honest Harold" crop of rum there? two new types of money, yellow money, blue money-yellow Mr. CRAWFORD. Not only does it supplement it, it is chips, blue chips? Go to your Federal Surplus Commodities a part of it. There is no question about it. Corporation, go to your Department of Agriculture, and get Mr. CULKIN. It stimulates the flow of decisions, I pre­ the story back of this. sume? [Here the gavel fell.] Mr. CRAWFORD. Listen to this, if I may read editorials Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 5 addi­ ·from· their newspapers. That is a simple country down -tional minutes. · 'there, but the people are intelligent, .white and black. I Mr. CRAWFORD. You will find that through our planned know them personally. . Their intelligence-the leaders- economy, whether it goes to the Virgin Islands or to conti­ ·ranks with the intelligence of this House. That was a Dan­ nental United States, we have brought into operation what ·is ish empire, you might say, and they are educated and they known as surplus commodities, what is known as the W. P. A., are trained. They are shrewd traders, they are students of . what is known as the relief program. We now propose to government, and they know what is right and what is issue to relief workers a check which can be converted, for wrong. Just listen to this editorial in tha·ir leading news­ -instance, into $-30 of currency and then give him_ $20 in paper: yellow money, which makes a total of $50 for his pay period, We find that our readers deeply resent the remarks made by and then issue him a bonus of $10 in blue money. The plan, Governor Cramer before the Appropriations Subcommittee in WaSh­ which has been tentatively announced, and subject to change, ington relative to the tax situation in the islands. Also in matters permits the relief recipient to collect out of a $50 pay check .of sanitation, health, and what not. As a matter of fact, there is little he has said that has met their approval. . $30 in currency, $20 in yellow money, and $10 in blue money. We are not surprised at the Governor. We know what he's capa­ That is a 20-percent increase in wages, subsidized by a ble of saying and doing even before he became the chief executive blue check ·or a blue certificate or a blue stamp. These of the islands. Those who tried to punish us for expressing our checks I have made up and hold in my hand here are sym­ frank opinion about him through our columns and otherwise have .found that the chickens have come home to roost practically in bolic, they are not replicas. We have .to illustrate this to the middle of the day. . . comprehend it. The farmers of this country sell to the Fed­ What is intolerable is his awful gall. When he's in a hole he eral Surplus Commodities Corporation primary produced turns for help to the men whom he has just kicked. Better repre­ goods on a depressed market. This blue money purchases sentation by any impostor who will treat you as a human being, 'instead of by a man who thinks he can use you today and kick goods designated "surpluses," through the retail distributing you tomorrow. · . units and the subsidy does not go to the farmer, it does not That is just what Governor Cramer has been doing to the people give him the direct benefit of the new blue-chip money of these islands, more especially to the members of the municipal which is to be issued. _councils. Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Then the editorial goes on and calls the attention. of. the Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield. public 'to other matters. Mr. GORE. I take it that the gentleman is not speaking Here is a second editorial which says: without having verified the facts, because I have a very high During the past week the public was given a good helping of the opinion of him as he well knows. "nice" things Governor Cramer said about the people of these Mr. CRAWFORD. I have been verifying the facts for 3 islands before the House Appropriations Subcommittee 1n Wash­ ington. days. It is to be hoped the public has been following up the install­ Mr. GORE. The gentleman says that this plan has been ments of his remarks as carried in our columns. There can be no tentatively set down. By whom? excuse for passing them up unless one has already read them Mr. CRAWFORD. The gentleman will find it in yesterday directly from a copy of the hearings. . · The more we think of the Governor's remarks, the more we are morning's front page of the Ne:w York Journal of Commerce. convinced that he did not expect these remarks to be spread before If the gentleman would call up the Department of · Agricul­ the eyes of the people of the Virgin Islands. It cannot be con­ ture and the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Surplus _ceived he meant to insult them, flaunt their conscientious reac­ be I tions to his half-baked theories, and otherwise shock their sens1- Commodities Corporation, he will able to verify what b111ties in such a libelous and scandalous manner. am saying. I wish to make it clear .that I am here analyzing · Such tactics are unbecoming of the high office of a Governor. the uncompleted plan. I am not attacking it~ We have 13,- He has reduced the status of the people under his _charge to that 000,000 bales of surplus cotton, we have millions of bushels of vassals who, ground down under the heels of their oppressor, ·have no legitimate means of obtaining redress for their grievances, of wheat and corn and tons of raisins and prunes and other or righting the wrongs perpetrated upon them. commodities; a vast quantity of turpentine. . Governor Cramer has given .us to understand that we can talk God only knows what we will designate as "surpluses" to­ and scream as much as we like, call him all sorts of names, but we when cannot force him to respect us, or desist from any course of action, morrow these chips go into operation. The Govern­ •however wrong, for we don't pay his salary and can't fire him. ment, through its agencies, is to designate from time to time One might as well despair the possibility of obtaining justice what commodities shall be construed as surplus, and what and fair dealing under the present system. What we have is an the blue chip shall be traded for by the recipient. oligarchy, willful, wasteful, obdurate, and malicious, which we are expected to love and revere as long as we are obligated to it for Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield fur­ -money and privileges to eke out an existence. ther? 2548 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCR 9. Mr. CRAWFORD. In a moment. Suppose we hold the · Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. · Mr. Chairman,·I yield to the 13,000,000 bales ·of surplus commodities, and under section gentleman from Michigan [Mr. HooK] such time as he may 32 of the Agricultural Adjustment Act suppose we hold that desire. the ·Surplus Commodities Corporation shall proceed to proc­ . Mr. HOOK. Mr. Chairman, the Democratic administration ess cotton, wool, mohair. The retailer who accepts this has been most considerate of the needs of our educational money in payment of goods that he releases to the relief and research institutions and especially with regard to the recipient, takes these chips or the certificates and deposits ·land-grant colleges. The Federal Government has been them in the bank. They then become demand deposits and very generous in its attempt to assist those great institutions they enter into the Fractional Reserve System of our mone­ to function properly in the interest of all of the people. tary scheme of things. They must be taken up in one way During the coming 2 years a federally supported building or another, redeemed by. some Government agency. That and improvement program of over $6,000,000 will be in opera-­ particular plan has not yet been worked out. They propose tion at the Michigan State College. This is the largest to initiate this first in say six cities. They have an idea federallY supported building program 1n the history of that they may introduce this new money into a city with a popu­ great institution. It is for this reason that I rise on the lation not to exceed 250,000 to 300,000, and its population .:floor of this House this afternoon to discuss some of the must be not less tban say twenty-five to fifty thousand, to things that have been happening with regard to the expendi­ see what happens. I do not know where this will lead to. ture of money in that institution. I think we, as Members I am calling it to your attention. of Congress, should be interested in any program that is Mr. GORE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? assisted by Federal finance. We should know that the money Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gentleman. that we appropriate for that purpose is placed in the proper Mr. GORE. The gentleman's argument is rather inter­ hands and administered by individuals in the interest of the esting, and, may I say, intriguing, but I am wondering if he institutions that we hope to assist.- It is of greatest impor­ would name me the gentleman who made this announcement. tance that the vast expenditure authorized shall be made Mr. CRAWFORD. It is announced through the public under the direction of men who will protect these funds from press. graft and racketeering. Mr. GORE. Does the gentleman recall what otncial made The administration of the Michigan State College, our the announcement? second largest educational institution, is of particular con­ Mr. CRAWFORD. If the gentleman will go to Mr. Perkins, cern to the people of Michigan and I believe we, as Members of the Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation, I believe it of Congress, should be interested because of the Federal aid is, and to Mr. Hasselman,-they can give him the facts. extended. Research and educational work in agriculture Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? and home economics and applied science and the State-wide Mr. CRA WF'ORD. Yes. agricultural extension service are under the direction of Mr. RICH. The gentleman is speaking of new yellow and the State board of agriculture that governs the Michigan blue chips. If we continue to issue new kinds of currency in State College. It is a primary objective of the Democratic blue chips and yellow chips, what relation eventually will Party to provide ample means for the work of this great that bear in our monetary system to the old form of German institution. It is also our objective to free the Michigan marks which I hold in my hand, as to their value, and also State College from the political exploitation and financial to the $20-every-Thursday note that I hold that is going to racketeering that became firmly rooted during the adminis­ be paid to the people in California if we continue to issue tration of former Governor Brucker under the McPherson­ money in the respect the gentleman is talking about in the ·Brcdy leadership of a hand-picked board of agriculture. The form of these blue and yellow chips? strangle hold of this political combination has not yet been Mr. CRAWFORD. There are no limitations to a program broken. of this kind, as I see it, based on a study of history, when it In 1934, before the Congress of the United States, I called once starts. What will keep this body from declaring that attention to the grievous state of affairs existing at the cotton is a surplus commodity subject to redemption through Michigan State College, due to the protected manipulations blue chips? What will keep any legislative body from doing of those responsible for the illegal expenditure, misuse, and it? Who will defend us from the pressure? Under what in some instances theft of over $250,000, according to the circumstances and upon what basis will the departments of report of the Michigan State Senate investigating commit­ government announce each Monday morning the types of tee. I attributed the prostitution of our courts and of the commodities which will constitute surplus commodities for then State attorney general's omce resulting in the protec­ that week redeemable in blue chips, which are a premium­ tion of perjury and theft at Michigan State College to the keep this in mind-through the retail establishments? That intriguing influence of the men then controlling our State, does not give the cotton grower the buying power necessarily. particularly the Brucker-McPherson-Brody combination. Does it put it in at the bottom? Not at all. It puts it in The facts brought out by the Michigan State Senate investi­ at the top. Who benefits? Of course the food-distributing gating committee and by myself on the floor of Congress, the industry wants the surplus commodities distributed through ·most public rostrum in the United States, have never been food channels, and I do not condemn them for that. Will challenged in the slightest degree by these political exploiters theW. P. A. worker object to having his wages increased 20 or involved otncials at the Michigan State College. percent, a $50 pay check being $60, by receiving a premium in Since the recent outbreak of undulant fever, causing 45 benefits in blue chips? I do not think he will object to that. students to contract this dangerous disease and the death of But this is to be money; and when you Put the stamp of 1 student, I have made further investigations of the methods approval on something that is called money and send it out employed by the profiteers and faculty of Michigan State through the channels of commerce, you have indeed done College in the corrupt under-cover use of funds of that in­ something. Would you call this a comm.odlty dollar? Would stitution. Eight months ago I wrote a letter to President you call it monetization of surplus commodities? R. S. Shaw asking him whether or not members of the fac­ Mr. HAWKS. Mr. Chairman, Will the gentleman yield? ulty-Dean of Veterinary Ward Giltner, Dean Emmons, Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield. Treasurer Schepers, and othe~ontinued to rent farms that they owned to the college for the purpose of pasturing Mr. HAWKS. That could not be an admission on the part cattle affected With undulant fever in animal disease re­ of governmental officials that the A. A. A. program is a com­ search projects. Driving these cattle from college paddocks plete fanure, could it? across the farm lane to these faculty-owned farms, I claimed, Mr. CRAWFORD. As I say, this has so many ramifications caused the herds and flocks of the college to be infected. Dur­ that there is no end as to what you can apply this to if you ing the past 6 years over 40 cases of undulant fever among wUI move it in different directions. [Applause.] faculty, townspeople, and students have occurred previous The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Michi­ to the recent outbreak. The illegal rental of faculty-owned gan has again expired. land for undulant fever investigations was one of .the things 1939 CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD-HOUSE 2549

that was investigated by "Stalwart Republican . Judge'~ Le­ drew a check of $3,200 on this secret fund to the. credit of the land W. Carr, through a one-man grand jury, and Republican· United States Department of Agriculture after the investi­ State Senator Joseph Baldwin, appointed by former Governor gator objected to the fact that a son of Dr. Robert Snyder,· Brucker to serve as .a special assistant attorney general. a former illustrious president of the Michigan State College,. These things were whitewashed and misrepresented to the who was working under the orders of Dean Ward Giltner, public in the college case. dean of veterinary of the Michigan State College, truthfully President R. S. Shaw did not answer my recent· official in­ answered the investigator's inquiry and informed him that quiry in regard to the isolation of this dread disease, undulant he, the .son of Dr. Robert Snyder, ha:d been doing service fever, as attempted by the dean of agriculture in 1932, nor work, this work being of a private nature on private proj- . did he answer. my inquiry at the same time in regard to the ects and on private herds under-the. direction and. by the. results of the experiments of the Michigan State College with orders of his superior, Dean Ward Giltner. This work was a proprietary kelp feed of which Clark L. Brody, member not authorized in connection with the .Federal grant. · of the board of agriculture, has sold thousands of tons to In order to straighten out the Federal Government after. Michigan farmers at three times its feed value as sole agent they had peen caught in their .neat little trick, President R. S. for this feed in Mich,igan. Shaw, as before . mentioned, drew a check payable to the Secretary Hannah informed me that the Michigan State United States Government which immediately. took it out of College had conducted no experiments with .this feed, yet I the hands of the Federal investigator. This employee told- am. authoritatively informed that the Michigan State College, , the truth about his work and admitted that as a Federal for the past 7 years, has conducted experiments with this feed­ public servant he was being used to further private interests­ with cattle, hogs, and poultry and has proved it to be grossly and working on private interests· while on the Government misrepresented to Michigan farmers. The McPherson-Brady pay roll. However, it was he ·who was discharged and not influence in 1932 prevented these facts from being given to his grafting superior. This young man was discharged by the public, and since then, with Clark L. Brody, the State the president of the State College. At that- time this re­ salesman of this -feed, continuing on the board of agricul­ search worker was suffering from undulant fever contracted ture, no publication has gone forth from the Michigan ex­ on the Michigan State College campus. periment station, or through the Extension Service,-warning­ .From this so-called nush fund-disguised .payments of tax­ farmers against t-he use of this spuriously misrepresented feed payers' money were made to well-known politicians such as known as Manamar. The Ohio Experiment Station, Cor­ Fred Woodworth, Republican politician, and to Gifford Patch, nell University, and seven other -experiment stations, not who was one of the tools of the McPherson-Brady combina-­ dominated ·by such political influences as the McPherson­ tion. It is my understanding that Gifford Patch was on the Brady gang, have exposed this feed racket to the farmers of public pay roll as an extension speci·alist. This money ·was· their State and the Nation. used to line up farmers and to lobby -in the Michigan Legis­ During my investigation into this state of affairs that I con­ lature against a fair investigation of the state of affairs at the sider-of interest to the _Federal Government and tne people Michigan State College. of the United States I was una-ble to get· much of a check on In the interest of. the Michigan State · College, -its service ~ the misuse of the funds although at one time the officials of to the student body and to the public, and especially to the the Michigan State College, after inquiry by me, stated that farm population of the State of Michigan, and on behalf of the questions were so controversial that they would rather the honest majority of the ·faculty of the Michigan State not put them in writing. After further correspondence they College, I intend to go to the bottom of this graft and protec­ finally admitted the truth of a great many of these state­ tion of graft at this institution and .call upon the citizens of ments. Having further checked into this matter I have Michigan to aid by electing the Democratic candidates, Mr. secured information from the Office of the Experiment Sta­ Halsted and Mr. Lockwood, as members of the State board tions of the United States Department of Agriculture that of agriculture. questionable deals in-land or with the feeds handled by Clark .Mr. Downing, former member of the State board of agri­ L. Brody were removed from the Federal-State joint account culture, has lent a great deal toward helping to clean up and charged to State accounts or to a special fund adminis­ this sore state of affairs. He assisted me in my investigation tered directly by President R. S. Shaw in the sum, I am ­ and insisted on honesty and integrity on the State board. informed, of about $125,000. This enormous fund was built The Republican convention affronted the intelligence and up, I am informed, by withholding raises to deserving faculty decency of the citizens of Michigan by again nominating members. I presume this is the reason why the faculty at Melville B. McPherson as a candidate for the State board of the Michigan State College receives less than is paid for staff agriculture, in spite of his proven record in political con­ members of corresponding grades at neighboring institutions nivance and in aiding and protecting educational racketeers of like status. No wonder discontent and dry rot has set in and academic swindlers during his _service as a member of at our great pioneer land-grant college, the Michigan State that board. Apparently the Fitzgerald-McKay-McPherson College, at Lansing, Mich. This money is not directly appro­ political machine is little changed from the old Brucker­ priated by specific action of the Michigan Legislature or by McKay-McPherson machine that was turned out of office. Congress. Therefore, President Shaw does not have to ac­ I have faith that the people of Michigan have sufficient count for the details of its expenditure to Federal or State interest in good government and in eradicating such methods agencies. In this way the purposes for which the Federal and connivance from the Michigan State College not· to re­ and State money is appropriated are defeated. turn to office Melville B. McPherson or any other member of I claim that this is a hush fund. This hush fund was set the board with known records as political exploiters. up beginning in 1930 when the McPherson-Brody combina­ I beseech the people of the State of Michigan to elect to tion dominated the State board of agriculture and was all the State board of agriculture candidates whose hands are powerful in Michigan politics. I found during my research unstained and whose abilities are unquestioned. . work personally that a military theft of approximately $8,600 We who are interested in the proper expenditure of Federal - was denied by the board of agriculture and officials of the· funds and interested in building up the great land-grant college before -Judge Leland Carr's one-man-grand jury. It· colleges should be in a position to know that when we appro­ was misrepresented by Joseph . Baldwin in his whitewash priate money for such purposes that it will be properly spent investigation. The equivalent of this theft, however, was paid by honest people. by the college to the United States military authorities al­ It may be of interest to a number of the Members of this though the theft was denied by the college officials, as were House to know that in certain other States ·af the United the land deals and faculty-controlled· bank deals and the . States practically the same conniving is carried on. If they music racket that was subsequently disclosed. will take the time to check with the Office of the Experiment Another instance of the use of this so-called hush fund Stations of the United States Department of Agriculture they according to the official investigator of the United States will :find similar conditions existing with regard to these Department of Agriculture was when President R. S. Shaw secret hush funds. 2550 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 It is of great importance that the vast expenditures of Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from money by the Federal Government sent to these land-grant California [Mr. CARTER] such time as he desires. colleges shall be under the direction of men of integrity, RECLAMATION'S BIPARTISAN ORIGIN men who will protect these funds from connivance and trick­ Mr. CARTER. Mr. Chairman, today pre..crents an excellent ery, men who will keep these land-grant colleges on a high opportunity to recall how the Federal Government came to place and plane in this Nation in the interest of the student embark on a national policy of reclamation. body and in the interest of education. If this is done in the While reclamation in its physical aspects affects only the State of Michigan, and the proper men are elected to the area in the western third of the country, its operations carry State board of agriculture, the Michigan State College will be , benefits to every State of the Midwest, the East, and the returned to its high place among the land-grant colleges of South; and. all of the 130,000,000 people in this Nation have this Nation. . a -vital interest in the development and stabilization of the It may be of further interest to note that in 1934 I made area west of the one hundredth meridian . . public a full investigation of the fact that the dean of vet­ Reclamation has never been a partisan or a sectional issue. erinary of the Michigan State College and certain other fac­ Theodore Roosevelt, the first President to advocate the policy, ulty members were renting farms that they owned to the was an easterner, who had lived in the West and had first­ college and moving diseased cattle back and forth to their hand knowledge of its needs and opportunities. With the farms. This is an example of criminal negligence and gross support of Democrats as well as Republicans, he led the Con­ avarice. I found that in 1932 the dean of agriculture at gress of the United States in 1902 into enactment of the that time, Mr. Joseph F. Cox, had secured the authority reclamation law that laid the foundation for perhaps the from the Department of Agriculture to spend $25,000 with most constructive undertaking since Thomas Jefferson·origi­ which to buy a farm and properly isolate research work with nated the idea of internal improvements in the early part of cattle and other animals directed toward the control of the nineteenth century. _ undulant fever. I found that the dean of veterinary, Dean Previous to Theodore Roosevelt's accession to the Presi­ Ward Giltner, Jacob Schepers, along with Dean L. C. Em­ dency on the death of the lamented McKinley, the three lead­ mons, as trustee, had taken a piece of land for a farm ing political parties of the day endorsed reclamation as a from the college-controlled bank of East Lansing and frus­ national policy. In the national conventions of 1900, th~ trated Dean Cox's efforts to protect the Michigan State Col­ Democratic, the Republican, and the Silver Republican Par­ lege and the State by illegally trying to sell to the· Michigan ties pledged their support to the undertaking. State College this unsuited piece of property. They were not While conservation and utilization of the natural resow-ces able to sell the property, but they later rented it to the of the West were a major objective, business and industrial (1ollege. The McP:P,erson-Brody-Burkey combination knew interests of the country saw opportunities in the develoP­ all about this transaction anq protected these explotters. ment of the region. They realized that broader home mar­ To my knowledge, the qangerous research work with con­ kets for the products of the factories of the East would fol­ tagious abortion with cattle resulting in undulant fever in low and that increased consumption of foodstuft's would human beings has never been: properly isolated at the Michi­ e:fiectually prevent competition with agriculture of older gan State College and the blood of those who died from this sections of the country. dread malady is on the hands of those responsible, the col­ That was the view of Theodore Roosevelt expressed in his lege officials and politicians whose avarice and political first .message to the Congress in December 1901, who saw machination has resulted in this exemple of flagrant failure in the policy not merely the irrigation of agricultural lands in their duty as public servants. but the creation of homes as a contribution to the upbuild- As a Michigan citizen; proud of our State college, I was ing of the Nation. · shocked to read, on February 5, ·1939, in the New York Times and in the Washington Star the account of an outbreak of NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIONS SUPPORT RECLAMATION the dread disease of undulant fever at the Michigan State Every national administration, beginning with that of College that caused the death early in February of one stu­ Theodore Roosevelt, and regardless of its political complex­ dent and jeopardizing the lives of many more. It is my un­ ion, has thrown its support to reclamation. derstanding that the officials of the college are attempting In Senate Document No. 36, on National Irrigation Polley, to place the blame in the laboratory. I feel certain and Its Development and Significance, you will find reference to charge the fact to be that it is the result of political ex­ expressions by ·six Presidents of the United States, all en­ ploitation and the renting of this unsuited farm to the college dorsing the undertaking. by college officials and those responsible for the administra­ In 1910, 4 years after the first project had made water tion of college business. available, President William Howard Taft gave his com­ The farmers of Michigan, those interested in the great mendation. field of agriculture and home economics, should rise up and In 1921 President Warren G. Harding not only urged ex­ demand a thorough accounting of this institution. I believe pansion of reclamation but emphasized the importance of that if political exploitation is divorced from this institution using the limited water resources of the West for both irri­ it would again be placed among the great educational insti­ gation and the development of electric power. tutions of the United States. President Calvin Coolidge, in 1924, declared: There are many, many other things that I intend to cover It 1s my purpose to unremittingly ~tlmulate and encourage the development of these projects _by every authority of the Federal a little later that will show to the farmers of Michigan that Government. it 1s their duty to become acquainted with the facts as they exist. I feel certain that this is of such vital -interest to the In 1930 President Herbert Hoover wrote western Governors great· field of agriculture that the farm popUlation wfil in­ 1n conference at Salt Lake City that reclamation "had been terest itself to such an extent that men of integrity, honesty, the cause of· adding much wealth to the Nation." and ability will be placed in tha.t institution in the interest The present occupant of the White House has lost no his of good government. Farmers and citize~ of Michigan should opportunity to show recognition of the importance of - break this political combination. This can only be done by reclamation and of the need for its continuance. united effort. It may take an amendment to the present law Present-day conditions, President Franklin D. Roosevelt . to put a stop to this thing, and if so, I intend to present such has emphasized, makes reclamation even more vital to the an amendment. At this time, however, it is a political ques­ West and the Nation than it was when President Theodore tion. My advice is to cast your lot with the party that is mak­ Roosevelt threw his energies and leadership into the estab­ ing an honest effort to remove those responsible for this sad lishment of the policy. state of affairs. The Democratic Party 1s your only hope at WHAT IS THE INTEREST OJ' THE I'EDDAL OOVERNIIIENT? the present time. The farmers should know their enemies The question 1s frequently asked why the Federal Govern­ and act accordingly. [Applause.] ment should be concerned with the development of the West. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2551 -One major reason is .that in-the 11 States of the Mountain Mountain and Pacific States in 1937 electric public utilities and Pacific group, the United States owns more than 50 consumed only 2 percent of the coal used in the production of percent of the land area and controls vast water supplies, as electric energy for public use in the United States. well as other natural resources. RECLAMATION CROPS AND COMPETITION · As far back as the administration of Thomas Jefferso"n a : The Agricultural Adjustment Administration of the Depart­ policy of internal improvements in the interest of conserva­ ment of Agriculture points out "how insignificant from a tion was inaugurated, and in the administration of Andrew competitive standpoint is the wheat, cotton, and corn produc­ Jackson funds from the Federal Treasury were appropriated tion" on reclamation projects by comparing the yields on this to the States for public improvements. limited acreage with those of the Nation at large: It cited WHY . IRRIGATION IS NECESSARY IN THE WEST that in 1936 the wheat crop on reclamation land was only The Department of Agriculture reports that between 15 seven-tenths of 1 percent of the Nation's production, cotton and 20 inches of rain, depending on summer temperature, was 1% percent, and corn less than one-tenth of 1 percent. are necessary during the gro-wing season for farming without As a matter of fact, the trend has been toward decreased irrigation. In the arid and semiarid regions west of the one production of these three crops on reclamation projects, com­ hundredth meridian, less than 20 inches can be expected pared with areas planted in the latter twenties. No tobacco during the whole of a normal year. is grown on irrigated land and relatively few hogs are pro- By contrast to the eastw~d. the rainfall is generally ade­ . duced in the west. quate for crop production and averages around 40 inches ·· Less ·than one-fourth of 1 percent of the country's total annually in most areas. acreage in corn, wheat, and cotton was represented by land Federal reclamation projects are located in the areas re­ brought into cultivation by reclamation operations in 1937 . . ceiving less than 20 inches annually, and virtually all irriga­ Products of approximately 50 percent of the acreage of tion in the United States is confin'ed to this section of the­ reclamation project land are fed to livestock in the immedi­ country. ate areas. The remainder, principally specialty varieties, are If 20 inches of rainfall, or even 15 inches, could be counted consumed largely in the West and can be marketed eastward on.during 'the. growing season for. crops, irrigation might not · only when the produce. of farms near the .great consuming. be necessary, but in some sections the ·precipitation is as low . centers is not in season. as 3 inches during an entire year. · During. the growing sea­ The distance of 1,000 to 3,000 miles from reclamation proj­ son, in most sections, no more than 8 to 10 inches can be ects to. the big cities of the .Midwest, South, and East serves expected; in others the precipitation is much less. In only a as a virtual tariff barrier that precludes competition when few tillable areas, outside of the high mountains and in a the truck farmer nearby can fill the demand. limited. area on the northern Pacific cqast, can as much as 15 In discussing reclamation crop ProduCtion and surpluses it' inches be anticipated. · is informative to note.the imports of agricultural products The records of the Weather Bureau of the Department of and their effect on American agriculture. Agriculture, as revealed by two illustrations in Senate Docu­ .. During 1935, 1936, and 1937 imports of wheat, corn, and ment No. 36, show that the moisture that does fall in the cotton and their byproducts displaced annually 27 times the arid and semiarid regions is unfavorably distributed so far American acreage that reclamation projects have brought as agriculture is concerned. into cultivation. · Consequently, conservation of the scant water supplies NATIONAL BENEFITS FROM RECLAMATION through storage and their distribution during the growing When you bear in mind that reclamation projects do not season is essential to stabilized farming in the area west of add to the distress of the farmers of other sections of the the one hundredth meridian. Irrigation is the only means country but proVide a niarket for agricultural as well as man­ of providing for the close · settlement of the rural areas of ufactured products of the East~ Midwest, and South some more than one-thir~ of the land area of continental United idea of the national benefits arising from reclamation may States. be secured. MULTIPLE PURPOSES OF RECLAMATION Take the record of a typical project, west of the Rocky Much emphasis has been laid by critics of the Federal Mountains, as an example. In 1937 the Boise project in policy on that phase of reclamations which had to do with Idaho alone received by railroad 300 carloads of foodstuffs bringing new agricultural lands into production with the from nearly a score of States outside of the reclamation area. assertions that the policy contributes to the distress of As the .West grows no tobacco and does not produce suf­ farmers in other sections of the country. ficient cotton for its regional needs, the planters of the South When that charge is made the full facts are not revealed. .find their surpluses in these commodities reduced by the In 1937 the acreage actually · brolight into cultivation by market for the reclamation States. Federal reclamation projects was only one-half of 1 percent The factories of 30 States of the Midwest, of the East, and of the entire cultivated area in the United States. the South shipped nearly 2,000 carloads of manufactured As a matter of fact, bringing new land into cultivation is products to the Boise project in that one year. Automobiles but one objective. In my own State of California 90 percent from Michigan and other States, farm machinery, building of reclamation is directed toward providing supplemental material, furniture, electrical supplies, household equipment, water for areas in established agricultural sections which wearing apparel, and general merchandise were included are threatened with disaster by a shortage of supplies from among the commodities. systems created by private capital. Conservative estimates have it that the reclamation project In 1937 reclamation projects provided a full supply of water areas alone provide a wholesale market worth on the aver­ for 1,725,000 acres and supplemental supplies for 1,389,000 age of $200,000,000 a year for the farms and factories of acres. A glance at the program of the Bureau of Reclamation, the Midwest, the East, and the South. · embracing projects that are now under way, reveals that the Typical project reports show that 75 percent of the income ultimate acreage to be benefited by supplemental water sup­ of the farmers is expended for the agricultural and manu­ plies will be larger than the area that will have been brought factured products of the areas outside of the reclamation into cultivation more than 20 years hence. States. The facts are the maximum area within projects con­ Theodore Roosevelt predicted the reclamation and settle­ structed from 1903 and included with completion of the ment of the arid lands of the West would "enrich every sec­ present program, probably in 1962, will be 4,666,819 acres. tion of our country just as the settlement of the Ohio and compare this with 5,256,443 acres that will have been pro­ Mississippi Valleys brought prosperity to the Atlantic States." vided with supplemental water. Results confirm his prediction. Reclamation has spread the benefits of Federal activities by CONTRIBUTION TO WEST AS A MARKET the development of hydroelectric power as incidental to irri­ While the reclamation projects represent only a relatively gation works but without supplanting coal as a fuel. In the 11 small.area in the West, their contribution to its development 2552. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 has been far-reaching. From the time of the passage of has estimated there are more than 40,000,000 acres that the reclamation law in 1902, the population of the 11 States should be retired from farms, of which 10,607,000 acres are of the Mountain and Pacific groups has increased 300 . per­ in crops. Up to March 1938 there has been retired in the cent, outstripping the agricultural production. Great Plains States alone more than 5,400,000 acres of farm Some idea of the market which the West as a whole pro­ lands-an area greater than will have been brought into cul­ vides for industrial and agricultural products may be gleaned tivation when the reclamation program is completed 20 years from the requirements for hogs and pork products produced hence. 1n the Midwest. Based on official figures, estimates are WHY IS THERE A DEMAND FOR RECLAMATION? that the average annual purchases of live hogs, processed In addition to the need for supplemental water for estab­ pork, and corn products approaches $210,000,000, which goes lished areas already irrigated, every State in the West is to the farmers and meat packers of the Central States. faced with a demand for newly irrigated land by families Cotton requirements of the West, after deducting the that have migrated from the drought areas of the Great relatively small volume produced in the area, average more Plains States or from other sections of the country, where than $97,000,000 annually. · readjustments of agricultural life have forced thousands of Automobile shipments exceed $200,000,000 annually, and families to move. other industrial products represent relatively large amounts. In the seven far Western States alone, from 1934 to 1937, COMPARISON WITH EXPORT TRADE there were 58,400 families from the drought areas, of whom it The purchasing power represented by crop values of rec­ had been possible to settle less than 3,000 on land where they lamation land has been more stable than the American would ~ave reasonable opportunity to become self-sustaining.. export trade with most foreign nations. The remaining 55,000, now doubtless increased, are seeking The average annual crop values from 1934 to 1937 were ex­ a precarious existence through seasonal agricultural employ­ ceeded by the export trade of the United states with only ment or are wholly on relief. four countries: United Kingdom, Canada, France, and Japan. The Department of Agriculture, through Under Secretary Crop values on Federal projects from 1934 to 1937 averaged M. L. Wilson, has estimated that 20,000 additional families $110,145,198, an amount exceeding the value of exports to the from the Great Plains States will be forced to move under a Philippines, to Argentina, to Brazil, to China, and to all the land-readjustment program, and most·of these will doubtless Central American republics combined. From 1928 to 1937 migrate westward. the value of American exports to Brazil decreased nearly 50 While California and the other Pacific Coast States have percent, while the value of project crops decreased less _than been compelled to handle the bulk of these migrating families 20 percent. because they can get no farther west, every State west of the These crop values do not include the income of settlers from Great Plains has been confronted by its share of the problem: livestock, poultry, and dairy products. Including the families from other sections of the country DISTRIBUTION OJ' CONSTRUCTION EXPENDITURES who have moved westward, it is probable that half a million The charge has frequently been made that indicates a be­ people have moved into the Western States since 1930. lief in some quarters that appropriations for the construction Walter S. Duffy, northwest regional director of the Farm· of reclamation projects are expended in the immediate area Security Administration, declares the solution of the problem or the States in which the projects are located. Nothing arising from the migration of these families to the West lies coUld be much further from the fact. in their reestablishment on the land-"planned settlement on new reclamation and irrigation projects." F.acing page 24 of Senate Document No. 36 is a map illus­ trating the distribution of exPenditures for the construction If all the newly irrigated land planned in the present. reclamation program were available for settlement, it would of Orand Coulee and Boulder Dams. Purchases of material be insuflicient to meet the demand. were made in 46 States and the District of Columbia. Based on analyses of reports of the National Industrial J'INANCIAL ASPECTS OF RECLAMATION Conference Board, the Department of Labor, and other om­ Reclamation financial operations ·will compare favorably cial agencies, 45.6 pereent of the costs of the Central Valley with those affecting any·simnar Pederal undertaking. project in my State of California will be expended in other Of the construction costs of projects in operation and sub­ States. ject to repayment, more than 30 percent have been repaid. · In building the All-American Canal in southern California Delinquencies in the repayment of construction costs at the 3,368 carloads of material and equipment were provided by close of the fiscal ,year were only 2.2 percent of the total industrial States of the Midwest, South, and East. amount due and payable at that time. The benefits from construction expenditures are not con­ Under the present wise policy of the Bureau of Reclama­ fined to any one State or even to the ·immediate ·regions m· tion, projects are recommended .for construction only after which projects are located. The entire Nation benefits. ' the most thorough and detailed investigation shows that under normal conditions construction costs will be repaid 1Il NO CONFLICT WITH LAND RETIREMENT, CROP CONTROL, OR SOIL . CONSERVATION 40 years. Reclamation does not con:fiict with programs involving land Revenues from electric power produced incidental to irri­ retirement, crop control, or soil conservation. gation operations will materially. assist :in repaying the construction costs of a score of projects in operation under In fact, a major objective of reclamation is conservation of construction. productive soils through providing moisture by irrigation. The inconsequential areas brought into cultivation that are Of the estimated completed cost of the reclamation pro­ gram as now planned of $1,169,000,000, including Boulder planted to wheat, com, and cotton-less than one-fourth of Dam and .other projects completed or under construction, 1 percent of the national total in these crops-demonstrates more than half a billion dollars will be paid by power how little reclamation contributes to the production of staple revenues. crops of which the United States has exportable surpluses. ACHIEVEMENTS OF FEDERAL RECLAMATION Land retirement provides for the abandonment of land A summary of major achievements of Federal reclamation uneconomically farmed. All reports agree tnere are many in the 15 Western States should include: millions of acres of submarginal lands incapable of producing Creation of more than iO,OOO farm homes. crops that will provide support for families. Establishment of or support for 254 cities and towns. Reclamation, on the other hand, seeks to provide a few Population of more than 900,000 persons on farms and in· farmers with the best quality and type of land available, urban communities dependent on them. with security in water supply. Newly irrigated land brought Protection for 30,000 farms provided with supplemental into cultivation is more than offset by retirements of poor water supplies. land. Support for 863 public schools and 1,076 churches; con­ In the 17 Western States of the arid and semiarid regions struction of hundreds of miles of highways and many other the land planning committee of the National Resources Jklard improvements. 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2553

Farm values fn land and improv~ments of more· than ··The other day in appearing ·before the committee I was able, $400,000,000, with values in city, town, and utility property with the help of information that I received from the Bureau of half a billion dollars. of Indian Affairs, to point out that to this very day the A $200,000,000 annual market for the products of the fac­ Indian schools of Alaska are not receiving the same degree tories and farms of the Midwest, East, and South. and the same kind of support that is being enjoyed by the This work, which has contributed so much to the welfare Indian schools in the United States. of our country, must be carried forward. [Applause.] On page 733 of volume II of the hearings you will find a Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the tabulated statement. The conclusion expressed in that state­ Delegate from Alaska [Mr. DIMOND] 10 minutes. ment is that if the Indian schools of Alaska were maintained Mr. DIMOND. Mr. Chairman, it is only fitting that I on the same scale and with the same degree of efficiency as should first express my appreciation to the members of the the Indian schools of the United States, that there would be subcommittee of the Appropriations Committee which has included in this bill $98,100 above the amount carried for the jurisdiction of the bill now before us, the Department of the education of the Indians in Alaska. This condition ought not Interior appropriation bill, for the careful consideration to be permitted to exist. which. they gave to all matters coming before them affecting I suppose there is not a Member here representing a con­ the Territory which I have the honor to represent here. stituency which has any considerable number of Indians who Sometimes I fear that the Members of Congress as well as thinks that tbe Indians of his district are too well taken care the people of the United States do not realize that Alaska of. In fact, from my own very meager observation of what belongs to· them just as much as it does to the 70,000 people is being · done for the. Indians in the United States, I think who reside in the Territory. Alaska is part and parcel of that the Indians generally over the United· States, and in the United States, and the Supreme Court of the United Alaska as well, have been shamefully neglected and in many States has decided in a case in which the question was instances shamefully ill-treated. involved, that the Constitution of the United States extends Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? with full force and vigor to Alaska, and for the protection of Mr. DIMOND. Yes; I yield gladly to the gentleman from the citizens of Alaska. So Alaska is not a colony; it is ·not a Pennsylvania. dependency; it is a Territory. It is a State in embryo, and it Mr. RICH. It has been the thought among the Members is just as much a part of the United States as is one of the of Congress, as I gather it, that the Indian population would 48 States. gradually decrease and that eventually we would find the Alaska belongs to the people of the United States in a Indians self-supporting. Year after year, -however, we see peculiar manner, because more than 99 percent of the total the amount contributed to the Indian Bureau increased; and area of Alaska, a region twice as large as the State of if I interpret the trend correctly, it is going to increase annu­ Texas, still belongs to the United States. It is still in the ally. Does the gentleman think there will ever come a time public domain or in one of the several types of reservations when the Indians will be self-supporting? that may be created by the Federal Government, either by Mr. DIMOND. Answering the gentleman from Pennsyl­ Executive order or by act of Congress. So Alaska is not vania, Mr. Chairman, not only do I think so, but I am certain only a part of the United States and belongs to the people of of it. the United States, but the Congress, I think, viewing Alaska Mr. RICH. When will that time be? as a part of the territory of tlie National Government, justly Mr. DIMOND. It may take 25 years; it may take 50 years: gives to all matters concerning the Territory, very careful but. the time certainly will come when the Indians will be and studious thought, as was given by the subcommittee in entirely self -supporting. considering this bill. The. other day while reading a, recent biography of that Alaska resembles some of the States in that it has a very great genius of Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin, I was considerable Indian population. ·I know there are more In­ forcibly struck by a remark attributed to Franklin that even dians residing in Oklahoma than reside in Alaska, yet the back in that day he observed that whenever there was a war Indian population of Alaska is substantial, about 30,000, ac­ between the white men and the Indians in the colonies, with­ cording to the census of 1930. The Federal Government has out _exception it arose because of some injustice or some the same responsibility with respect to the Indians of Alaska crime committed by the white men against the Indians; and that it has with respect to the Indians of the United States, so it has been all down through the 150 years of our history and that relationship has sometimes been called by the courts as a nation. Until comparatively recent years the Indians and by others as the relationship of guardian and ward. I do have been shamefully neglected or abused. They have been not know ·the exact definition; or whether there· is any· legal robbed of their territory, they have been deprived of· their relation that exactly fits the relation between the Indians property, and-they have been-herded· in general onto lands and the Federal Government. I ·have often thought, Mr. which the white men did not want. Only lately have we Chairman, that perhapS the relation· of a trustee and the begun slowly to take steps to make amends for some of the beneficiary of the trust might more exactly define the status terrible injustices we have inflicted upon the Indians. The of the Indians as regards the Federal Government---trustee. job cannot be done in 10 days or even in 10 years; it is going and cestui que trust---as the term is used in law. The com­ to take time. The aim ought to be to help the Indians to mittee, in considering this bill, and the Congress generally in help themselves. I .am therefore particularly encouraged by considering other things with relation to Alaska, have recog­ the bill reported out by the committee, for it marks a definite nized the definite responsibility of a trustee to look after advance, definite improvement, although a vast amount still the welfare of the beneficiaries of the trust, namely, the remains to be done. Indiaris and Eskimos of Alaska, just the same as the Indians [Here the e:avel fell.l . of the United States. Mr. RICH. Mr .. Chairman, I yield 10 minutes to the gen­ Yet the Congress was late in coming to even think of the tleman from Montana [Mr. THORKELSONJ. natives of Alaska. Alaska was acquired from Russia in Mr. THORKELSON. Mr. Chairman, I am very happy to 1867. so while legislation had been enacted by the Congress have an opportunity to speak to the Members today, for I for years and years, even almost back to the time of the have heard many things that interest me. Our colonial meeting of the First Congress, the one hundred and fiftieth policy has been debated. No one is responsible for this policy anniversary of which we celebrated the other day, for the except the Congress itself. I also heard a discussion about Indians of the United States, for a great many years after alliances--and permit me to say that alliances should be the acquisition of Alaska the Congress took no steps what­ handled by Congress. It is the rightfUl duty of the Con­ ever to protect or to promote the welfare ot the natives of gress to handle such serious things. I also heard the impor­ Alaska. That responsibility has been assumed gradually and tance of national defense. This is a rather large question yet it is far from being what it should be. It is far . from . and something that we ought to bear in mind and give serious being what it is with respect to the Indians of the United consideration to because it intimately concerns our security. States. Then, again, I heard my colleague speak about Alaska. 2554 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·· HOUSE MARCH 9 I want to say a few words about Alaska, just to recall-'to Mr. THORKELSON.· ·At the present time most of the the Members of Congress that it is a great piece of Iand-a countries have, as a matter of fact, a managed currency. Of country that has not been fully developed by any means course, in England the pound sterling has not a fixed value whatsoever. The :fishing industry of Alaska is large. It has in gold like our dollar has. We fixed our value of gold at hardly been touched. Bristol Bay inside the Aleutian Is­ 15.21 grains. The pound sterling, of course, is regulated lands abounds with fish of all sorts and it is a source of somewhat in proportion to our own money. wealth to the country. The mineral deposits of this Tern­ Mr. RICH. Will the gentleman yield? tory have not been touched. They include copper, tin, gold, Mr. THORKELSON. · I yield to the gentleman from Penn­ lead, and many other metals. There are also large deposits sylvania. of coal in Alaska. In other words, it is a country with unde­ Mr. RICH. The gentleman knows that the Congress gave veloped sources of wealth. the Secretary of the Treasury and the President $2,000,- Were this Territory of the United States developed to its 000,000 to stabilize the cUITency? fullest extent, it would employ many of our idle people, but Mr. THORKELSON. I understand that. I also say that we must treat it differently from the manner in which we in doing so the Congress did something that was absolutely have treated our colonies in the past. We must offer some unconstitutional. inducement for our business people to develop this country,. Mr. RICH. And they did not ask the President to give any and it must not be done by subsidizing the people. We could accounting for the money. make the Territory self-sustaining as other powers have Mr. THORKELSON. That is right. The Constitution made their territories. As a suggestion, I would say that also demands that money taken from the Public Trea.sury the United States Government might well say to the business must be accounted for and the receipts and expenditures people that Alaska is open to them. The Government should published from time to time. reduce all oppressive taxation in Alaska for 25 or 30 years. Mr. CRAWFORD. Will the gentleman yield? I venture to say that under such a policy many thousands Mr. THORKELSON. I yield to the gentleman from Mich­ of people would go to Alaska. It is a. country that rightly igan. deserves much consideration; and if given to it, it will be Mr. CRAWFORD. Does the gentleman know of any world self-sustaining and profitable to all. power operating in the world today, such as France, England, I want you to know that this Territory is important to Belgium, Italy, Australia, or Germany, where the power of the United States as a matter of protection to the west their domestic exchange has been as unstable, uncertain, and coast, which we should bear in mind. as fiuctuating as it has been in the United States during the past 5 years? I heard the gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAWFORD] Mr. THORKELSON. I do not. speak a while ago about money, and I desire to make a few Mr. CRAWFORD. Does the gentleman also recall that remarks about that. Dr. Goldenweiser, the present chief technical adviser of the In 1934 the Gold Reserve Act was passed, which took us Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the off the gold standard at home, but we still remained on a United States, has recently said we have not had monetary gold standard abroad. The peculiar part of the situation is control and that we cannot have monetary control within the that the money we are using here is a commodity or man­ framework of our present constitutional form of government? aged money. When it leaves the boundaries of the United Mr. THORKELSON. That is correct. States each dollar becomes worth exactly 15.21 grains of Mr. CRAWFORD. Does the gentleman say that we have gold. Money we are using here tOday is a commodity of a stabilized currency? managed money, a money that has no actual, real value Mr. THORKELSON. I say no, we have not. Within itself, no intrinsic value whatsoever, but its pur­ Mr. CRAWFORD. Then he did not give an afllrmative chasing value depends entirely upon the ability of a com­ answer to the question asked by the gentleman a moment ago. mittee to control prices throughout the land so that this Mr. THORKELSON. The point I wish to raise is that in dollar may buy the necessities. the Constitution you will find "the Congress has the power Mr. EBERHARTER. Will the gentleman yield? to coin money and regulate the value thereof, and of foreign Mr. THORKELSON. I yield to the gentleman from coin." Upon this paragraph alone the Gold Reserve Act was Pennsylvania. passed. There is nothing within the paragraph itself to give Mr. EBERHARTER. Does the gentleman know of any the Congress the right to pass that particular act. country in the world that has a more stabilized cUITency [Here the gavel fell.] than the United States? Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman 5 addi• Mr. THORKELSON. I did not catch the gentleman's tiona! minutes. question. Mr. SCRUGHAM. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. EBERHARTER. A country that has a more stabilized Mr. THORKELSON. I yield to the gentleman from Ne­ currency, so far as value is concerned, than has the United vada. States. Mr. SCRUGHAM. Does the gentleman know of any nation Mr. THORKELSON. It is not a question of stabilized whose money is more stable than is the money of the United value of a cUITency. Our cUITency is not stabilized. The States; and if so, what are those nations? only thing that stabilizes cUITency is gold, which gives it Mr. THORKELSON. No money is stable except when it 18 an intrinsic value. If you deprive our currency of gold, secured by gold. The fact that one nation is wrong does not then you cannot have a stabilized currency, because it has Justify us in doing the same things; in other words, one error nothing upon which to be stabilized. does not make right another. · Mr. EBERHARTER. Is it not a fact ·that the currency Mr. SCRUGHAM. Can the gentleman answer the ques­ of the United States is and has been stabilized for the past tion? 5 years? Mr. THORKELSON. I answered the question. Mr. THORKELSON. No. Our currency has not been Mr. SCRUGHAM. Does the gentleman know of any nation stabilized. whose money is more stable; and if so, what are they? Mr. THORKELSON. I say no; but I also say that that Mr. EBERHARTER. One more question. does not justify this administration in depriving the Ameri­ Mr. THORKELSON. Our prices have been held within can people of being secured by gold. bounds, so far as our cUITency has been able to buy certain Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? commodities. As a matter of fact, it is the price fixing of Mr. THORKELSON. I yield to the gentleman from Penn­ commodities that has stabilized the currency, but not the sylvania. intrinsic value of the money itself. Mr. RICH. If we continue for a few years more as we have Mr. EBERHARTER. Does the gentleman know of any in the last 6 years running the Nation into debt, and if our country in the world that does not have what the gentleman course in the future is going to be the same as it has been terms "a managed currency or a managed control of money"1 from July 1 of last year up to the present time, when we have 1939 CONG~ESSIONAL ;RECORD-· HOUSE- 2555 gone into debt more than $2,364,726,000, how can our money - people right here in the United States who have earned that ever become stable, as long as we are doing the things we are gold cannot get it and cannot even be secured by such gold? doing now, squandering the taxpayers' money? . Mr. SCHAFER of. Wisconsin. _ And Brazil will use that Mr. THORKELSON. · Our money cannot become stable if money taken from the American taxpayers to take more of we continue as we are at the present time, because money can- _ our American cotton export markets and further wreck our not become stabilized unless it is based upon gold. If we American cotton producers. continue as we are now, it can only end in dismal failure and Mr. THORKELSON. Yes; and it will wreck the United national bankruptcy. Gold is accepted as the general stand­ States in the end. ard throughout the whole world upon which money is Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Absolutely. stabilized. Mr. THORKELSON. Mr. Chairman, yesterday my Demo­ At the present time we have about $13,000,000,000 of gold cratic colleagues expressed their elation in a very jubilant certificates issued to interests outside of the Treasury, and manner after having passed the reorganization bill. . There we have about $7,000,000,000 in currency of different kinds in really was no occasion for this expression of joy, because the circulation. This makes approximately $20,000,000,000 in cir­ present Democratic majority has committed constitutional culation today. We are in the midst of a great inflation rape for 6 years. This unfortunate irresponsibility or con­ at the present time. The reason we are reasonably secure stitutional immorality is responsible for the chaotic state we is that the busine85 people -do not know and do not realize are in today. that we are in the position we are in; that our currency is Yesterday when the crew of the New Deal steam roller actually worthless. It is indeed to the credit of the courage began to act as statesmen, an amendment introduced by the of the American people that they remain in their business, gentleman from Texas [Mr. KLEBERG] was adopted. It was put up security to borrow money, and use currency which about the only ·period of intelligent reaCtion in yesterday's as far as anyone knows_ might collapse tomorrow. That is debate.- To rally his crew, .the gentleman from North Caro­ the position we are in today. _ lina [Mr. WARREN] took the floor, accompanied by the Doones. Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman It is -true that his own forces were divided momentarily, ·yield? during a period in which constitutional responsibility was Mr. THORKELSON.- I yield to the gentleman from rekindled. But his divided crew from the .west- and east ·Michigan. mountains did not train their guns upon the Doones--they · Mr. CRAWFORD. Add to that the fluctuating, erratic trained them instead upon-the people who sent them to Con­ characteristic of our currency at the present time, which gress. They shot the Constitution full of holes. causes people with savings to hesitate to make long-term The gentleman from North Carolina said to the gentleman commitments. from Texas [Mr. KLEBERGl: Mr. THORKELSON. Let me reply to the gentleman in He does not propose to write into this legislation one single, this manner: Why should I take a stable security that may solitary thing that is not already guaranteed to the President of be worth, say, $50,000 and borrow $20,000 from the bank and the United States under the Constitution. He comes up with a dagger in his hand and tries to strike the whole proposition down. -then start in business? I begin to operate and the first thing I know other taxes are placed on me, or some sort of re­ I say the gentleman from· Texas should be acclaimed for strictions. I finally reach the point where I cannot pay .his courage in defending the people's rights and the Consti­ interest on the money borrowed and I lose a stable security _tution of the United States. for what? For nothing but inflated commodity money that What excuse can the gentleman from North Carolina find, is worthless. or wherein is power delegated to anyone in Congress, to give Mr. CRAWFORD. With reference to the question raised the President more than his constitutional power? by the gentleman a few minutes ag9, I think he was directing As I · understand it now, the President proposes a measure. ·his remarks perhaps unintentionally to the stabilization It comes to the House. If it is. not acted upon within 60 which has been given dollar exchange externally on the for-. days, it becomes law. This holds for both Houses. It now eign exchange markets. I believe the gentleman will agree goes back to .the President-not for approval-it was ap­ with me our stabilization fund has operated in that manner prov~ by him before it was presented to the House. The ·quite successfully, but I am directing my remarks to internal procedure is entirely reversed from the procedure outlined in prices. the Constitution. I quote: [Here the gavel fell.] Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, I yield 3 additional minutes to and the Se~at~ shall, before it becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States. If he approves, he shall sign it; the gentleman from Montana~ but if not, he shall return it, with his objections, to that House Mr. THORKELSON. The reason international money is ·in which it shall have originated. • • • stabilized is that the dollar is backed -by 15.521 grains of gold. As it stands now, if the President proposed the measure. Mr. CRAWFORD. Exactly. which, of course, Congress expected him to do, he passes the Mr. THORKELSON. Our money here -in the United States bill, and_Congress approves it by negative action. , is not backed by that. It has no value whatsoever. No inter- ­ I shall now take you back 163 years and briefly review national transaction is carried on with the money we are causes which led to the formation of .our Gov~rnment. The using here. All international transactions are carried on people who lived in the colonies at that time were well ac­ upon the gold standard, the same standard we had in 1932, .quainted with everything putrid in government. Their ex­ and this is why international currency is stable. . perience dated back not years but centurtes. It began before Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. Mr. Chairman, will the gen­ Christ and was carried through from the time of our tleman yield? Saviour's crucifixion, from · the ·period when those who be­ Mr. THORKELSON. I yield to the gentleman from Wis- ·lieved in Christ were persecuted for their faith. It extended consin. _ practically without interruption, and was hprribly revived in Mr. SCHAFER of Wisconsin. I just wanted to make a con­ the Thirty and Seven Year Wars in Europe. This persecu­ structive suggestion. The gentleman from Michigan indi­ tion was brought to a climax during the Spanish Inquisition, cated that Brazil now has a great deal of the export cotton the French Revolution, and into the period wnen· the same market which America had prior to our New Deal administra­ intolerance was felt acutely by the people in England. The tion. We find in the press this morning that although history of this had been passed on from parents to children, Brazil, with a dictatorship form of government, owes to so that all lived in fear of their masters: American investors several hundred million dollars on de­ If you recall the history of that time, and the prison ships faulted bonds, our New Deal Secretary of State has opened that carried these innocent and defenseless people from their the Treasury and has entered into an agreement to advance homes and families to penal colonies, it should be a warn­ Brazil many millions of dollars. ing to you today. Mr. THORKELSON. May I remark at this point that the · No doubt some of you have seen those ships and the instru­ mol\eY that will be loaned to Brazil will be gold, and the ments of torture aboard them. I have been on board such

#, 2556 _CONGRESSIONAL: RECO_RP~liOUSE MARCH 9 ships. I have seen those instruments of torture: The iron­ in the 48 States as the county government occupies in its woman, with its inverted spikes, within which the victim relation to the countieS within the State. was placed, the door closed until death came to his rescue; I want to call my colleagues' attention to the fact that the shackles and chains in the hold of the ship, to which these are the fundamental principles of a popular form of the prisoners were chained; the iron frames on the deck to government such as ours. It is the only manner in which a which the prisoners were chained-:-neck, wrists, and ankles­ repu~lican form of government may be maintained and so they could not move; the thumbscrews, in which their perpetuated. It is based first upon the rights of the States fingers were placed until in sheer agony they confessed to to regulate the affairs within the State and for each to main­ anything to be relieved of ·pain~ Such confessions often led tain representatives in Congress to adjust and regulate dif­ to persecution of innocent victims who in turn became ob­ ferences among the States with the foreign nations and with jects of the same torture, a sort of endless piecemeal destruc:. the Indian tribes. tion of human lives and liberties. Somewhat similar to your If my colleagues have followed me, they will now under­ expression yesterday when you so jubilantly expressed your stand that Congress represents all States and Territories for joy after having passed the reorganization bill, which can the general welfare of the United States. In such adminis­ only end in the loss of the people's liberties and rights. tration, the Federal Government is relieved of all responsi­ Yes, my friends, the people whom you took a solemn obliga­ bility except as representative of the United States in foreign tion "to preserve, to protect, and defend" against the Gov­ relations, and must provide for the common defense and ernment and against the politicians who are now running general welfare of the United States, not by dealing directly it-yes, against the head of the Democratic Party-I do not with the people but instead by helping the people through the want you to forget that. several State governments. With this experience vividly impressed in their minds, After this brief discussion, I have reached the point which these people rebelled when the reptile of persecution reached I desire to 5et clearly before you, and which I hope you will its fangs into the heart of the colonies of America. After not misconstrue. When you come here to Washington, the years of strife to free themselves from this monster, and with people hand you the Constitution of the United States, and suffering still in their hearts, they, in common united effort, they say to you: This is the Constitution, and in it you will attempted to provide for themselves and their children a find certain powers delegated to you. You have our permis­ government to exist only by public grant "by the people, of sion to enact any legislation within the powers so delegated the people, and for the people." And so the Constitution of ~ this document, but you must not exceed the powers granted the United States came into being 151 years ago. to you or deny to the States or to the people the powers The Constitution is the expression of a people who asked reserved to themselves. only for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; to be It is my desire to call the attention of Congress to the fact free of intolerance, persecution, and excessive taxation-I that the constitutions of the various States differ, because might say, destructive taxation. With this in mind, they each is formulated for the general good of the people within established the principle that each person should work to that State. When it comes to the United states, the Consti­ sustain himself so that he would be a useful unit among his tution does not differ but provides equality to all the States. fellowmen, that in furtherance of this civilized state each That is the difference between the State constitution and the family should assume responsibility for its own and its chil­ Constitution of the United States. It is also a clear certifica­ dren's welfare. These are the fundamental principles of a tion of the sovereign status of the States. It is now my desire popular government such as ours. to inform the majority of Congress who. voted for the reor- · When the community life reached a population where it ganization bill, H. R. 4425, yesterday that the bill is not could not be well regulated by each unit, officials were elected within the legislative power delegated to this body. In other to represent a community comparable to town or county. words, it is absolutely unconstitutional. The arguments These elected officials were not to rule the people who had expressed in debates on this fioor yesterday were not expres­ placed them in office but were to adjust differences between sions of the knowledge of the Constitution, but they were, family units for the general welfare of all and to provide instead, clear demonstrations of the lack of such knowledge. for collective protection and for all things that shotlld be You failed to recognize one essential principle, and that is .shared equally by each and every unit within the county. the instrument upon which the constitutionality rests. Con­ These separate county units found it impractical and too gress should know that Congress itself, the Supreme Court, . costly to negotiate with each county, for distances between or the President of the United States do not make legislation them were too great for economical operation. In order to constitutional, but such certification must rest entirely upon overcome this each county elected men to represent them, the provisions which are found within the Constitution itself. which, of course, we . recognize as our State government. I now challenge any Member of Congress, the Supreme The duty of the State government is not to rule the people Court, and the Attorney General, and the President himself, within each county, but is instead to adjust differences ·to point out the paragraph in the Constitution where power among the counties for the general welfare of all. is delegated to Congress to create the vanous private corpo­ The State government became the first major ·unit in rations which Congress has provided in the last 6 years. I which officials were elected by the counties to represent them ask you to designate where in the Constitution power is dele­ in the State capital. The people provided a State constitu­ gated to Congress to enact the Gold Reserve Act, to set up tion, which delegated certain powers to the State legisla­ the stabilization fund, and to pass the reorgamzation bill ture for the general welfare of all counties and the popula­ which you enacted yesterday. I say there is no provision for tion thereof. · The State government, therefore, is a sov­ it in the Constitution. ereign government within itself and occupies exactly the It was lamentable to ·obServe those in debate on this bill same relation to the counties as the Federal Government does defending the rights of the President of the United States to to the State. act in the capacity of the Members ot this House. It is well The 48 States now find that it is inconvenient and too for my colleagues to bear in mind that each of us is elected costly for each State to negotiate directly with the other to represent the people of the United States, not the Presi­ 47 States, so each of them elects men to represent them in dent, not the Supreme Court, nor anyone else. It is also well the Nation's Capital, and this is the Congress of the United for the Members of this House to remember that a solemn states. The fundamental principle of this form of govern­ obligation was taken to perform this service without equivoca­ ment is based upon the fact that the greatest economy may tion or mental reservation on our part. be enjoyed if each unit assumes full responsibility ·and re­ The first duty of Congress is to see that all legislation comes spects mutual rights. The State, as a sovereign government, within the limit of the Constitution. Even with this care­ is responsible to the counties and to the people within the through stress or carelessness-legislation will be enacted that State and to its own ·population for a sound Federal Gov­ is not constitutional. It then becomes the duty of the Su­ ernment. In this plan each State occupies the same position preme Court to send it back to this House and declare it

.. 1939 CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD-HOUSE . 2557 unconstitutional. I shall go a little further in my statement About 20 miles west of Winslow, Ariz., and 6 mfies south of and say that the Supreme Court has not observed the prin­ .United States Highway No. 66, there is on that open, level pla­ ciples of the Constitution either. It is well for the Supreme .teau a peculiar feature of Nature. It is a great circular and Court to know that when a great difference of opinion exists cone-shaped hole in the ground known as Meteor Crater. in that body, or when there is a question of doubt in their Around ·the edge of this circular opening is a surrounding minds, the ninth amendment of the Bill of Rights prevails. ·mound lying there on the flat plateau like a huge doughnut on To stand on this floor, as you did yesterday, and fight to .the table. the height of the mound being 75 or 80 feet above the take the rights away from the people and give such rights to level of the plaiQ. This crater, or inverted cone-shaped hole, the President or anyone else, makes you traitors to your own is about a half mile in diameter and its sloping sides extend people. It is time for Congress to know that. The life of this down a depth of about 600 feet, the bottom of the hole being Nation and the rights of the people come first, and political .a level, grass-covered area. It is now called Meteor Crater parties and political expediency should not be considered · because · scie~tists tell us that the hole was made there by the where the security of our people is j~opardized. .falling of a giant meteor upon this rocky plain ages ago. I shall recite to you what happened in my own State when When the meteor struck it not only cracked the rock crust the elected officials did not confine themselves Within the but splashed earth material up and out into the doughnut­ accepted laws of the community; when they constantly de­ shaped mound which I have just mentioned somewhat as if prived the people of their right to own property and even you threw a marble into rather thick mud. Of course, the confiscated it. When the people fowi.d that the very ones meteor buried itself below the surface. they trusted were the culprits, they organized what is known Will C. Barne~ says that he was working for the Hash Knife as the Vigilantes. These law-abiding citizens rounded up 1 cattle outfit in that region about the year 1892 and that he these betrayers of public rights and they hanged all of them. and his ~eilow cowhands were well acquainted With this giant I just mention this to you so that you may Understand the hole in the ground and sometimes used it as a natural corral power of the people. The people are supreme in this land of for their herds Wit:tlout knowing the facts of its geological ours, the supreme power, if you please, and the Constitution orgin. One day the cowboys saw a man from Washington, a is their mandate to you here in Congress. They might take scientist from the Smitl;lsonian Institution, going around the the law in their own hands. rim picking up stones scattered about. They asked him what In a few days you will have the National Health Act coming the objects were that he was examining, and he told them . up on this floor. It was introduced in the-Senate on the 27th that they were fragments of the meteor which had buried of last month. That act is a red stepbrother to this reorgani­ itself in the ground at that place. He explained that the hole zation bill. It is also clearly unconstitutional. had been caused by a great meteor striking the earth and I cannot understand the psychology of this body in its burYing itself. They asked the scientist whether the pieces abject fear of and subservience to the Chief Executive. I of rock had any value, and he said that the stuff was probably respect the President of the United States as much as anyone, worth a dollar a pound. The cowboys then asked if he felt but in taking this stand I am acting for his protection, so sure that the meteor was down there and about how much a that he will not step out of office to be despised at some future meteor weighed. The man from the Smithsonian said it was date because Congress bestowed upon him powers and duties undoubtedly down there and that it no doubt weighed be..; for which Congress alone should be responsible. It is well to tween ten and fifteen millions of tons. These scientific facts bear in mind that a person may be destroyed by kindness, gave the cowboys a great idea. especially kindness of this sort. · According to Will C. Barnes, they straightway organized an In closing I want to remind you that the President enjoys exploring company and used what capital they could get only two definite powers--to grant reprieves and pardons­ together to purchase shovels, wheelbarrows, poles, ropes, that is all. He is Chief and Commander of the Army and pulleys, and buckets to dig for it. This exploring party went Navy. He can appoint officials with the approval of the down to the bottom of the crater and out near the middle of Senate, and he must see that the laws are faithfully obeyed~ the level area at the bottom and began to dig. They soon If Congress has any respect for the President and for them­ found that the digging was not very easy, although the mate~ selves, they should insist that each department confine itself rial was loose and not hard to remove. When they got below within the power delegated to it by the Constitution of the the grass roots they discovered that the material was a fine­ United States. In such observance, as I hB.ve tried to explain, grained, sandlike or asheslike composition. When they took rests the soundness and the perpetuation of our Government. out a bucketful of it in attempting to dig straight down the [Applause.] other material would roll down upon them, and they found Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I yield to that they could not have perpendicular walls to their excava.o tion, for it was like digging a well in sand. The cowboyg the gentleman from Arizona [Mr. MURDoCK] such time as he may desire. worked for a couple of weeks and had gotten down only a few feet when they saw the scientist again up on the rim further Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ studying the phenomena. . InY this mous consent to extend own remarks at point in Seeking more information, they clambered out to ask this the RECORD. gentleman one more question and that was about how far The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the ·request of the down he thought that meteor might be. ·He expres'sed the gentleman from Arizona? opinion that it might be down 1,000 or possibly 2,000 feet. There was no objection. That so discouraged the stockholders that the exploring com­ Mr. MURDOCK of Arizona. Mr. Chairman, I Wish to say, pany broke up Without declaring a dividend. Now, we may in agreement with my colleague from California on the other laugh at the hopes, dreams, and ambitions of these cowboy side of the aisle, that when the Interior appropriation bill is miners who lacked insight, but it is just such zeal and deter­ before the House it is a splendid opportunity to speak con­ mination on the part of courageous souls and optimistic ad-. cerning some great enterprises of the west, ·such.as.reclama­ venturers which made the West. - tion and mining. He was thinking of reclamation, and so I should explain here that later companies have searched am I, but I want to discuss mining. for this buried meteor and with better luck than the cowboy. Remarkable changes have come about in metallurgy during effort. Of course, later searchers used more modem meth­ our gene:t;ation and, no doubt, greater changes are ahead ods such as would be needed for a deep exploration, and, al-: within the same length of time. As an illustration of this I though they have found it, it is not worth today a dollar a. would like to repeat to the House a story told me by our pound as it once was. Man now can produce in his labora­ ) Arizona cowboy author and historian, Will C. Barnes, which tory the alloys which were at one time found only in the. I think is not ,only amusing but highly illustrative of some, product of the laboratory of Nature and hence so valuable. facts concerning mining and minerals. But I must explain I think that in the future of mining and metallurgy there the setting of this story before telling: it. · will be a development somewhat parallel to the expected. LXXXIV-162 2558 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE MARCH 9 development in agriculture. We are now trying to apply our This is not true of mining. I think it has been very unwise ·scientific knowledge to find new uses of old· agricultural prod.:. for the Government to be so neglectful of mining. ucts and· along with that .to find and develop new agricul.:. Just now I am not asking ·for subsidy or financial ·aid for .tural products. . Of course, -we shall continue to use corn to the encouragement of mining, for I do believe that right pub­ feed hogs, which is one of its old uses, but we may make new lic policy, together with individual enterprise, will enable the .uses of corn to produce sugar or fuel or many other things mining industry to carry on and grow. I have talked with .which the scientist tells us may be made from corn. So it mining men, ·large and small, in my· State, and while some .is in regard to mineral products. We shall, of course, con­ of them feel that the Government ought to subsidize the in­ tinue to use iron and copper as early -man . used them, but dustry in this way or that, many of them merely ask for a. .we shall undoubtedly use .more alloys to make a better grade sane policy, sensible legislation, and a more or less free hand. of product out of iron and copper. more-suitable.to our needs. I heard experienced mining men say last summer that many I am hopeful that we shall -continue to find new uses for of our mining laws ought to be revised. Some say that pros­ .gold, silver, iron, copper, lead, and zinc, but I -also believe pecting and entry on the public domain, and particularly in that new minerals will be-found to be used with the old to the Indian reservations, is too restricted. · Still others say -the great .advance of mankind. that the great need of western mining is new capital and . My. colleague, .Judge LEAVY, of Washington, has called my that a more consistent and ·favorable attitude of Government attention. to an .ore called magn.ite, which he -says exists in and a more sympathetic treatment of investments would be his district in great abundance,. and he has -also shown me all that is necessary for the mining industry to·:flourish. the remarkable. metal known .. as -magnesium obtained from Many of the small mine operators in the West feel that the this ore. The judge has indicated to me some of the mar­ Government ought now to purchase large quantities of the velous properties and possibilities -of this metal. I can strategic and critical minerals as a part 'of our national pre­ .scar.cely. imagine-.what some scientific Aladdin will -do with paredness; · These, they ·say, should· be taken ·off the market this slightly known product of the earth. and stored for wartime uses only, so that · their existence Although. copper today is regarded as the basic mineral in marketable form might not depress the price. These men product of. Arizona, and I believe it will continue to be such, feel that if the mining industry :flourishes all the other in­ I expect to see new uses found for copper and I also expect dustries would necessarily flourish, because all others are de­ to see new kinds of mineral brought-into use in -the metal­ pendent· upon it. My own feeling is that ·mining shares with lurgy of the near future to be used with copper. We hear agriculture the high distinction of being a mother industry. talk .of conservation, but if copper is indestFucible; which However; 'One school of economists· who create value out of it is, there is very little need of our attempt at conseFvation fiction and who build ·an economic structure ·on paper, have in regard to the red metal. Again, if it is true that there is taught another-philosophy, and accordingly those men who enough manganese in one of our States· to match all the are engaged in taking wealth from · Mother Earth have been iron pre Jn the United States there would be very little need given scant consideration. The very least we can do in the of emphasizing conservation in regard to that mineral. bill now before the House is to appropriate liberally that the . I am optimistic enough to believe that-there is really no United States Bureau of Mines may investigate and ·give us need of our getting some of these minerals from foreign scientific facts; . countries -under the plea of conservation of our- own re­ Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Chairman, I move that sources. However, that brings. up the question, How large is the Committee do now rise. our supply? It is true that there is a limit to the most The motion was agreed to. precious mineral we have in the Southwest, and I mean by Accordingly the Committee rose; and the Speaker having that remark that our most precious mineral is water. There­ resumed the chair, Mr. BucK, Chairman of the Committee fore, a . kind of conservation is . desirable concerning that of the Whole House on the state of the Union, reported that mineral but by that I mean proper use. In regard to some that Committee, having had under consideration ·the bill minerals the claim is made that we should get our current ·H. R. 4852, the Interior Department appropriation bill, 1940, supply from abroad because we do not have much and it is had come to no resolution thereon. contended that we ought to husband the limited supply of what we do have. Right in that matter we are in need of LEAVE OF ABSENCE facts, scientific facts, gathered by reliable and unprejudiced By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted as persons. follows: · I noticed that . the United States-Bureau of Mines has an To Mr. HARRINGTON, for 2 weeks, on account of official appropriation of $274,000 suggested for this bill. I certainly business. am in favor of appropriating this amount, or even more, To Mr. ALLEN of Louisiana, for 2 days, on account of illness for I believe that there are larger supplies of, say, manganese in his family. and tungsten within the state of Arizona than governmental EXTENSION OF REMARKS authorities know about or consider. If we are shaping the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent · wrong policy it may be through ignorance and we ought to to revise and extend the remarks I made today and to include have the facts. I would like to have the United States Bu­ therein a letter I received from the Attorney General, as well reau of Mines find and furnish us the facts. as an excerpt from the annual report of the Comptroller . Mining is one of the great extractive industries of this General. country. It is so productive of wealth that I am not sur­ prised that the ancient school of economists known as The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the physiocrats overemphasize its importance when they con­ gentleman from Missouri? There was no objection. tended that all wealth comes fron"l the earth. It is, in my judgment, hard to overestimate the industry of mini:ng as . Mr. KLEBERG. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to a factor in the production of wealth, but I feel sure t,hat extend in the RECORD the remarks I made today and to in­ some American economists, many American big-business men, clude therein some statistics and statements from the Bureau and most of America's lawmakers have greatly underesti­ of Entomology concerning the pink bollworm. mated mining as a means of producing wealth. Mining is The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the a predominant industry in the Rocky Mountain area and in gentleman from Texas? my State. There was no objection. . This great industry has suffered more during the years of Mr. DIMOND. Mr. Speaker,. I ask unanimous consent to depression, and received less stimulation from the Govern­ extend in the REcORD the remarks I made today in Committee ment, than any of our other basic industries. Transporta­ and to include therein some brief excerpts. tion, banking, various lines of commerce, the building trades, . The SPEAKER. .Is . there objection to the request of the and agriculture have all been subsidized in some way by the gentleman from Alaska? Government through public assistance of funds or of credit. There was no objection. . 1939 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 2559 Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ S.1363. An act to repeal subsection (4) of subsection (c) mous consent that all Members who have spoken on this of section 101 9f the Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938; to bill may be permitted 5 legislative days within which to ex­ the Committee·oii Agriculture. · ·· · tend their own remarks. · S. 1374: An act for the relief of Cohen, Goldman & Co., The· SPEAKER.- Is there objection to the request of the Inc.; to the Committee on Claims. gentleman from Oklahoma? · S.l517. An act for the relief of F. E. Perkins; to the Com­ There was no objection. mittee on Claims . SENATE BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTIONS REFERRED . S. J. Res. 2. Joint resolution providing ·for consideration of Bills and joint resolutions of the Senate of the following a recommendation for decoration of Sgt. Fred W. Stock­ titles were taken from the Speaker's table and, under the rule, ham, deceased; to the Committee on Military Affairs. referred as follows: S. J. Res. 59. Joint resolution authorizing the Bureau of s. 50. An act to provide for recognizing the services ren­ Labor Statistics to collect information as to amount and value dered by civilian o:fllcers and employees in the construction of all goods produced in State and Federal prisons; to the and establishment of the Panama Canal and the Canal Zone; Committee on Labor. · to the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. s. J. Res. 76. Joint resolution to authorize the· Postmaster S. 270. An act for the relief of Lofts & Son; to the Com­ General to withhold the awarding of star-route contracts for 'mittee on Claims. a period of 45 days; to the Committee on the Post omce and · S. 421. An act for the relief of the estate of 0. K. Himley; Post Roads. to the Committee on Claims. ADJOURNMENT S. 439. An act to confer· the Distinguished Service Medal Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, I move that the on Col. Richard C. Patterson; to the Committee on Military House do now adjourn. Affairs. · · The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 5 o'clock and 5 s. 509. An act to add certain lands of the Front Royal minutes p.m.) the House adjourned until tomorrow, Friday, Quartermaster Depot Military Reservation, Va., to the Shen­ March 10, 1939, at 12 o'clock noon. andoah National Park, and for other purposes; to the Com­ mittee on Public Lands. COMMITTEE HEARINGS S. 510. An act to authorize certain officers and enl~sted men of the United States Army to accept such medals, orders, and COl!riMIT~EE ON WAYS AND MEANS decorations as have been tendered them by foreign govern­ Public hearings will continue Friday morning, March 10, ments in appreciation of services rendered; to the Committee 1939, at 10 a.m., on social-security legislation in the Ways on Military Affairs. and Means Committee room in the New House O:fllce S. 511. An act for the relief of Dolores P. de Williamson; Building. to the Committee on Claims. COMMITTEE ON .INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE S. 512. An act for the relief of certain disbursing o:fllcers of There will be a meeting of the Committee on Interstate the Army of the United States and for the settlement of indi­ and Foreign Commerce at 10 a. m. Friday, March 10, 1939. vidual claims approved by the War Departmen.t; · to the Business to be considered: Railroad legislation-H. R. 2531. Committee on Claims. · ' s. 518. An act to provide for the further development of COMMITTEE ON NAVAL AFFAIRS cooperative agricultural extension work; to the Committee ori. . There will be a meeting of the Committee on Naval Affairs Agriculture. Friday morning, March 10, 1939, at 10:30 a. m., for the con­ S. 645. An act to provide funds for cooperation with Wapato sideration Qf H. R. 2878, to authorize the Secretary of , the School District No. 54, Yakima County, Wash., for extension Navy to proceed with the construction of certain public of public-school buildings to be available for Indian children works. · of the Yakima· Reservation; to the Committee on Indian COl!rll!riiTTEE ON ~RS AND HARBORS Affairs. The Committee on Rivers and Harbors will meet Friday, S. 661. An act for the relief of Ida A. Deaver; to the Com­ March 10, 1939, at 10: 30 a. m., to continue hearings on H. R. mittee on Claims. 3222 and H. R. 3223, bills for the completion of the construc­ S. 749. An act for the relief of Harry F. Baker; to the Com­ tion of the Atlantic-Gulf Ship Canal across Florida. mittee on Claims. COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT :MARINE AND FISHERIES S. 793. An act for the relief of Worth Gallaher; to the Coinmittee on Claims. · The Committee on Merchant Marine. and Fisheries will S. 810. An act for the relief of Joe Pizl, Sr.; to the Com.:. hold public hearings in room 219, House Office Building, mittee on Claims. · Washington, D. C., at 10 a. m., on the bills and dates listed below: · S. 811. An act for the relief of George A. Rogers; to the Committee on Claims. Tuesday, March 14, 1939: S. 827. An act for the relief of John H. Barry; to the H. R. 180, H. -R . .202, construction of a Nicaraguan Canal; Committee. on Civil Service. · l!. R. 201, additional facilities for. Panama Canal; H. R. S. 828. An act to permit the President to acqUire and con­ 2667, construction of a Mexican Canal. . vert, as well as to construct, certain auxiliary vessels for the In listing the bills to be heard ·on March 14, 1939, House Navy; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Joint Resolution 112 (T!NxHAl!rl) , to create a collllD.ission to S. 829. An act to authorize alterations and repairs to cer­ studY and report on the feasibility of constructing the Mexi­ tain naval vessels, and for other purposes; to the Committee can Canal, was inadvertently omitted from the notice. on Naval Affairs. This is to advise all interested parties that House Joint S. 1045. An act to give effect to the International Agree­ Resolution 112 will be considered at that time with the fol­ ment for the Regulation of Whaling, signed at London June 8, lowing bills: H. R. 180