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Home , Alessandro Galilei, Bellamont House, Bunratty Castle, Cahir Castle, Castletown House, Clonfert Cathedral

WHO ARE THE IRISH? MIXING , VIKINGS, & PLANTERS

A SERIES OF FOUR WEBINARS

INTRODUCTION

This handout supports my recent series of four webinar lectures delivered in early February, 2021. Given the length of period covered, from c. 800 to 1800, a prose introduction is beyond the scope of this document. Those seeking to explore further the history which unites ‘our shared island spaces’ will, I hope, find adequate material in the Reading List below.

Lists of images for all four lectures are also included, primarily to aid those who are unfamiliar with Irish place names, or wish to look at the lectures a second time. Please note I am unable to supply OS grid references for each site.

READING LIST

This reading list is not meant to be comprehensive - Irish historic studies is already an over-populated territory. So, I have confined my suggestions to those areas which reflect the material covered in the lectures, based on my own interests and reading.

For the early period of Irish archaeology and history, please refer to the reading list which accompanied the initial pair of lectures on Ancient . If you have not already received this reading list (it has been sent out ONLY to those who registered for the first series of lectures) copies can be forwarded via email to anyone who is interested.

Books mentioned will not always be in print so you may need to resort to a ‘google’ search to track down a particular title. Those marked with an asterisk * are also available in paperback. I am afraid I am not able to supply ISBN details for books included as it would take up too much time.

S. Duffy (ed.) Atlas of Irish History*, Gill & Macmillan, 1997 and later editions. This covers all the material I intend to include during my Irish webinars and is invaluable.

R. Kee Ireland – A History*, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1980 and many later editions via other imprints. J. Lydon The Making of Ireland*, Routledge, 1998. R. F. Foster Modern Ireland 1600 – 1972*, Penguin Books, 1989. R. F. Foster (ed.) The Oxford Illustrated *, Oxford University Press, 1991.

We should all be aware that the manner in which Irish history has been written about in the past often reflects either a specific ‘nationalist’ or ‘unionist’ viewpoint. A second point is that some of the older books may be hopelessly out of date, given the wealth of archival material to emerge in recent decades, not least material from state archives concerning the recent ‘Troubles’ in Northern Ireland. This is why I have limited my suggestions for overall works on Irish history to the four mentioned above.

All reflect a sea-change in Irish historiography which has occurred over the last generation, notably reflected in Robert Kee’s book, written to support his ground-breaking TV series. Jim Lydon was THE great medievalist of his time (from whose lectures I learnt much) and with his general history of 1 Ireland you will be in safe hands. Roy Foster is the most prominent of the younger historians who made waves from the 1980s onwards, and indeed he continues to do so. The second title listed under his name is a series of extended essays written by some of the most stimulating of this ‘revisionist’ generation – it is a marvellous ‘read’.

P. Harbison & J. O’Brien Ancient Ireland from Prehistory to the Middle Ages, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1996. P. Harbison The Golden Age of Irish Art – The Medieval Achievement 600 – 1200, Thames & Hudson, 1998.

These two books are by one of Ireland’s leading archaeologists. Indeed, a high proportion of the images shown in the first two lecture webinars were scanned from photographs in both books. Harbison is ever tactful concerning the often contradictory (not to mention contrary) views on origins and dates which bedevil these subjects. His texts betray his knowledge of sites beyond Ireland and he has read widely in languages other than English – an advantage not enjoyed by some of his contemporary scholars.

M Craig The from the Earliest Times to 1800*, Batsford, 2nd edition, 1989. E. McParland Public Architecture in Ireland 1680 – 1760, Yale University Press, 2001.

The two titles above represent a continuity of research over many decades. Maurice Craig was in his day, (1919 – 2011), the leading historian of Irish architecture in the classical tradition and inspired the coming generations. Edward McParland, a great friend and admirer of Craig’s, follows in this tradition and through his teaching at TCD, a new generation are taking to the archives, revealing all sorts of fascinating material. The best of these is without doubt Christine Casey, whose book on is listed below.

In style, Maurice Craig is very much a scholar of the ‘old school’, his learning worn lightly, presented with subversive humour, though grounded in a profound knowledge of the material. Above all, he knew both how ‘to look’ at buildings and to situate them within their social and political context. McParland continues this tradition but his scholarship is his trump card – exemplary, based on an unrivalled knowledge of the archival sources, deployed with an unexpected, sly wit. I say ‘unexpected’ as Dr. McParland was one of my tutors at TCD and ‘sly wit’ is not my abiding memory of his exacting tutorial style.

J. O’Brien & D. Guinness Great Houses and Castles of Ireland, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992. H. Mongomery-Massingberd & C. S. Sykes Great Houses of Ireland, Laurence King, 1990. P. Somerville-Large The Irish Country House, Sinclair-Stevenson, 1995. Valerie Pakenham The Big House in Ireland, Cassell, 2000.

There are a great many books available on the history of the Irish country house. From these I have selected a few personal favourites. The O’Brien and Guinness book continues the series begun with the title at the top of this page, but with now replacing Peter Harbison. The companion volume on Dublin is included below. Together the set of three is a magnificent achievement and all involved are to be congratulated. The unifying factor is O’Brien’s photographs which are amongst the best of any ever taken of these remarkable, frequently poignant places. It is sad to relate that both O’Brien and Guinness are no longer with us, Jacqueline dying in March 2016 and Desmond just a few months ago. 2 The Montgomery-Massingberd book is equally splendid with again, wonderful photographs, though these are more ‘moody’ in tone and often frustratingly ‘arty’ in terms of the details chosen. That said, the choice of houses tends to concentrate on many which are very much not open to the public, unless you visit as part of a group with special access. He includes a small few not open under any circumstances, though it should be noted that these are now the homes of the newly rich Irish of ‘Celtic Tiger’ vintage, so to be expected? Of the twenty-six houses included in the book, only nine are regularly open and many of those are in Northern Ireland, a telling fact…

The two books by Somerville-Large and Pakenham are rich sources, full of historic descriptions, often hilarious, sometimes full of despair. You may want to laugh and cry in equal measure. The Somerville-Large book is truly annoying in that he never tells you the original manuscript source for his quotes, an unforgivable sin from an established scholar. In contrast, Valerie Pakenham is punctilious in giving her sources, as you would expect from that illustrious literary family. Her illustrations are taken from contemporary engravings and paintings, with lots of photographs of now long gone houses and follies - the latter category including a few of the owners - and are wonderful. This is a true GEM of a book.

R. Killeen Historic Atlas of Dublin*, Gill & Macmillan, 2009. M. Craig Dublin 1660 – 1860*, Liberties Press, 2006, plus many earlier editions from a variety of other publishers. J. O’Brien & D. Guinness Dublin - A Grand Tour, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994. P. Somerville-Large Dublin - The Fair City, Sinclair-Stevenson, 1996. C. Casey The Buildings of Ireland: Dublin, Yale University Press, 2005.

The Killeen book is a companion to Sean Duffy’s mentioned at the outset of this listing, and is equally valuable. My description of Maurice Craig’s approach to architectural history above, in the previous section on Irish architecture, applies here too. This is a truly ‘magisterial’ account, even if much of his information is now superseded through subsequent research. It is the narrative ‘sweeop’ which makes this a classic of its kind. The final part of the O’Brien and Guinness series needs no further recommendation. The Somerville-Large book is, as with his other title listed above, full of amazing information, but again, NO sources are given.

Christine Casey should be on everyone’s ‘to watch’ list. She is the best of the recent generation of post-medieval architectural historians to emerge from the art history departments of University College, Dublin (UCD) where she was an undergraduate, and Trinity College, Dublin (TCD) where she was supervised for her PhD by Dr. Edward McParland. So it is no surprise that when Penguin/Yale launched their Buildings of Ireland series, to complement the three earlier series covering , Scotland and Wales, Christine was invited to ‘do’ the volume on Dublin. It was a mammoth task and while the result is perforce more that of a ‘gazetteer’ rather than a discursive history in the manner of Maurice Craig, it displays an extraordinary breath of knowledge. It will not fit into your pocket, but if possible, any walk round Dublin (even that of a latter day Leopold Bloom) will profit from reference to its entries.

A NOTE ON FURTHER IRISH WEBINARS

My aim is to complete the history of Ireland via the visual arts with two further lectures on March 10th and 17th, ending the current series on St Patrick’s Day. These will take us into the 19th and 20th centuries and I plan to introduce Irish paintings and watercolours into the material chosen to illustrate the narrative. A third Reading & Slide List will be issued after these two lectures. Finally, later this year I shall also give a series of webinars on Irish Gardens, probably in late Spring, but dates for these have yet to be decided. 3 FIRST WEBINAR – SAINTS & SCHOLARS SCATTERED

LIST OF PLACES AND OBJECTS MENTIONED IN THE LECTURE

All the sites included in the list below can be visited, unless otherwise indicated by an asterisk*. Be aware that some may not be ‘formally’ open, as they are on private land, but local enquiries will usually result in permission to visit, even if the terrain may be challenging. All the works of art listed are in public collections, unless otherwise indicated.

Series Title Slide. Map of Europe, showing distribution of Celtic settlements. Map of Ireland, based on descriptions found in the 2nd century AD work of Claudius Ptolemaeus. Map of Ireland in Iron Age (Celtic) times, with Tara indicated, from S. Duffy – see above. Hill of Tara, Co Meath. Turoe, Co , standing stone (4’, or 1.2 m high). Lecture Title Slide. Map of Ireland, showing the various path of introduction for early Christianity in Ireland. Glendalough, Co Wicklow. Map of Ireland, showing Glendalough and . Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly. St Columba’s ‘House’, Kells, Co. Meath. Glendalough, various views of the site, including the two Round Towers. Devenish Island, monastic settlement and Round Tower, Lower Lough Erne, Co. . Clonmacnoice, general view and North Cross. Map of Ireland showing distribution of ‘1st Group’ High Crosses. Fahan Mura, ‘Cross’ Slab, Co. . The Greek inscription translates as ‘Glory and Honour to the Father, Son & Holy Spirit’. The ‘and Honor’ was added to the formula at the Council of Teledo in 639, helping to date the slab. Boa Island, Double Face Slab, Lower Lough Erne, Co. Fermanagh. Map of Ireland showing distribution of ‘2nd Group’ High Crosses. Ahenny, High Cross, Co. Tipperary. Clonmacnoise, ‘Cross of the Scriptures’, Co. Offaly. Monasterboice, West Cross, Co. Louth. Broighter, Co Derry, gold collar, Dublin, National Museum of Ireland, (NMI). The Ardagh hoard from Co , NMI. Group of pennanular and pseudo-pennanular broaches, NMI. The ‘Tara Broach’, NMI. The Book of Kells, Gospel Book, two folios, one showing ‘Insular’ type script, the other the opening of St Matthew’s Gospel, TCD MS A. 1. 6, Trinity College, Dublin. Gospel Book, folio showing opening of St Matthew’s Gospel, Corpus Christi College, Oxford, MS 122. This can only be seen by appointment with the College Librarian and then only if you are engaged in ‘serious’ research. Map of Ireland showing distribution of Irish foundations and missionary activity in Europe during the ‘Golden Age’ – the arrows indicate the journeys of St Columbanus, beginning in Bangor, Co. Down and culminating at the monastery of Bobbio in the Po Valley. Inishmurray, Co Sligo. Map of Ireland charting first Viking incursions with Inishmurray indicated. Sketch on wooden plant showing a Viking boat, NMI. Wood Quay excavations, Dublin, 1970s. Bone ‘Trial’ pieces, with Viking inspired ornament, NMI. Group of 3 broaches, showing Viking inspired decoration, NMI. 4 ‘’, High King of Ireland (died at , 1014), an imaginary portrait! Map of Ireland indicating site of Battle of Clontarf, 1014. Map of Ireland indicating sites associated with reform of the Irish church in the 12th century, with Cashel and indicated. ‘’, Co. Tipperaray, from a ‘picturesque’ engraving, ?early 19th century. Rock of Cashel, Co. Tipperary, various views including Cormac McCarthy’s Chapel, thought to be first fully ‘Romanesque’ church in Ireland, dated to 1127 – 1134. Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway. Cross of Cong, c.1127, NMI. Clonmacnoise, Co. Offaly, aerial view and ‘Nun’s’ Church. Diarmait MacMurchada (also known as Diarmuid McMurrogh Kavanagh), King of , imaginary portrait in a ms copy of Topographia Hibernicae, copied c.1200, present whereabouts not cited in illustration source. Map of Ireland, pre Norman invasion, with point of first arrival in Co. Wexford indicated. Map of Ireland indicating directions taken by first wave of Norman invaders in 1170s and 1180s. Daniel Maclise, The Marriage of Aoife and Strongbow, c.1854, Dublin, National Gallery of Ireland. Map of Ireland indicating several early Norman fortifications. Trim Castel, Co. Meath. Carrickfergus Castle, Co. Antrim. Knockgraffon Motte, Co. Tipperary. Map of Ireland indicating some walled towns and settlements. ‘Reginald’s’ Tower, Waterford. Youghal, Co. Cork. Fethard, Co. Tipperary. Map of Ireland indicating sites of some early Norman cathedrals, Dublin and . Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin. St Canice’s Cathedral, Kilkenny. Grey Abbey*, Co. Down, not to be confused with the adjacent Georgian mansion, also called Grey Abbey which is private ownership and not open to the public. Access to the medieval ruin may not always be possible, Map of Ireland indicating site of Grey Abbey and Jerpoint Abbey, both early Cistercian foundations in Ireland. Jerpoint Abbey, Co. Kilkenny. Map of Ireland indicating Irish Dynasties (in blue) and extent of English settlement by c.1300. Map of Ireland indicating the Bruce Invasions of 1315 – 1318, with pointed out. Kells Priory (an Augustinian foundation), Co. Kilkenny. Map of Ireland indicating extent of the Gaelic revival at the end of the 14th century. Map of Ireland indicating the level of English control in the 15th century, with the English ‘Pale’ centred on Dublin, marked. , Co. Tipperary. Unknown artist, (possibly Steven van der Meulen?), ‘Black Tom’ Butler (1531 – 1614), 10th Earl of Ormonde and 4th Earl of Ossory, Collection. , Carrick-on-Suir, Co. Tipperary.

5 SECOND WEBINAR – PLANTING IRELAND

LIST OF PLACES AND OBJECTS MENTIONED IN THE LECTURE

All the sites included in the list below can be visited, unless otherwise indicated by an asterisk*. Be aware that some may not be ‘formally’ open, as they are on private land, but local enquiries will usually result in permission to visit, even if the terrain may be challenging. All the works of art listed are in public collections, unless otherwise indicated.

Lecture title slide. Kilcash Castle, Co. Tipperary. Map of Ireland indicating site of Kilcash. Map of Ireland indicating identity of main Norman invading families, including the Butlers, including Theobald Walter, the first of the family to settle in Ireland in what is now north Co Tipperary. Map of Ireland indicating sites where Butler castles were built or acquired at , and Kilkenny. , Co. Tipperary. , Co Tipperary. Ormonde Castle, Carrick-on-Suir, Co Tipperary. Kilkenny Castle, Co Kilkenny. Francis Place, View of Kilkenny, 1699, National Gallery of Ireland (NGI). St Canice’s Cathedral, Kilkenny. Map of Ireland indicating Butler burial sites at Kilkenny and St Mary’s Collegiate Church, Gowran, Co. Kilkenny, effigies of James le Butler, 1st Earl of Ormonde (created in 1328) and his wife, Eleanor de Bohun. Map of Ireland indicating extent of the Gaelic revival at the end of the 14th century. Meeting between the Earl of Gloucester (representing Richard II and Art MacMurchada Caomhanach, King of Leinster, during one of King Richard’s two visits to Ireland in 1394-95 and 1399. Image taken from a manuscript, present whereabouts not cited in illustration source. Quin Friary. Co Clare – Reformed Franciscan foundation of 1433. Clonmacnoise, Co Offaly, doorway of c.1459. ’s Mitre and Crozier, commissioned for Cornelius O’Dea, Bishop of Limerick, 1418, The Hunt Museum, Limerick. Adare Castle, Co Limerick. Kilclerrif Castle, Co. Down. , Co Cork. Thoor Ballylee Castle, Co Galway. Map of Ireland indicating the level of English control in the 15th century, with the English ‘Pale’ centred on Dublin, marked. Castle*, Co . Maps of Dublin, the upper showing the city’s extent between 1170 – 1542, the lower c.1800. Map of Dublin indicating site of first Viking settlements and the Norman . Dublin Castle, the one remaining (mostly) Norman tower. Remegius van Leemput, copy of ‘The Whitehall Mural’, the lost original by Hans Holbein, commissioned by Charles II in 1667, Royal Collection, usually on display at . Girolamo da Treviso, A Protestant Allegory (or ‘Stoning the Pope’, Paul III), c.1540, Royal Collection, usually on display at Hampton Court Palace. School of Holbein, Edward VI, National Portrait Gallery. Unknown Artist, The Family of Henry VIII, date unknown, Royal Collection, usually on display at Hampton Court Palace. Map of Ireland indicating extent of early ‘Plantations’ in Tudor Ireland. 6 Hans Holbein, ?9th Earl of Ormonde (or perhaps Sir Thomas Boleyn?, at one stage also 1st Earl of Ormonde of the second creation). c.1537, Royal Library, *. St Canice’s Cathedral, Tomb of Sir Piers Butler, 8th Earl of Ormonde, died 1539 and his wife, Lady Margaret Fitzgerald (daughter of 8th Earl of Kildare), cut in the local dark limestone, known as Kilkenny ‘marble’. Unknown artist, (possibly Steven van der Meulen?), ‘Black Tom’ Butler (1531 – 1614), 10th Earl of Ormonde and 4th Earl of Ossory, Kilkenny Castle Collection. Kilkenny, Rothe House, 1594. Carrick-on-Suir, Co. Tipperary, Ormonde Castle, re-built 1565 – 75. Unknown Artist, receives Ambassadors, present location not cited in illustration source. Kildannit Castle, Achill Island, Co Mayo. Castle, Co Clare. Map of Ireland in Elizabethan times/ Early 17th century Gaelic society, present location not cited in illustration source. Sir Henry Sidney, Lord Deputy of Ireland, enters Dublin following his victorious campaign of 1575, taken from John Derricke, Image of Ireland, 1581. Map of Ireland, 1591, published in by Henricus Hondius, one of only two of this version known, present location not cited in illustration source. Hugh O’Neill, Earl of Tyrone, present location not cited in illustration source. Map of Ireland with details of O’Neill’s Rising, 1595 – 1601. ?John de Critz, James VI & I, ?1608 – 10, Royal Collection, Windsor Castle*. Three maps of Ireland showing ‘Plantations, one specifically of the Plantation of . Unknown artist, View of Derry/Londonderry, c. 1680, ?Ulster Museum, Belfast. Derry/Londonderry, City Walls. Derry/Londonderry, Co Columb’s Cathedral. Enniskillen Castle, Co Fermanagh. Ballygalley Castle, Co Antrim. Portumna Castle, Co Galway. Coppinger’s Court, Co Cork. Sir Anthony van Dyck, Charles I on Horseback, 1633, Royal Collection, . Sir Anthony van Dyck, Thomas Wentworth, with his secretary, Sir Francis Mainwaring, 1639 – 40, Fitzwilliam Collection (Lady Juliet Tadgell, Kent). Sir Phelim O’Neill, ‘Chiefe Traytor of all Ireland’, leader of the 1641 Rebellion. Map of Ireland detailing the 1641 Rebellion. Unknown Artist, Execution of Charles I, 30th January, 1649; Earl of Roseberry Collection, on loan to Scottish National Portrait Gallery, Edinburgh. Robert Walker, , mid 1650s, Private Collection. Map of Ireland indicating extent of Cromwell’s Irish campaigns. Dutch School, Charles II departs for England, Royal Collection, Windsor Castle. John Michael Wright, Charles II, c.1662, Royal Collection, Windsor Castle. Sir Peter Lely, James Butler, Ist Duke of Ormonde?1662 – 63, Kilkenny Castle Collection. Kilkenny Castle, aerial view. Francis Place, View of Kilkenny, 1699, National Gallery of Ireland (NGI). Charles Fort, , Co Cork. Sir Peter Lely, James VII & II (when Duke of York), ?late 1660s, Royal Collection, Windsor Castle. William Wissing, Mary II (as a young woman, probably before her marriage), ?early 1680s, Royal Collection, Hampton Court Palace. Sir Godfrey Kneller, William III on Horseback, 1690s, Royal Collection, Hampton Court Palace. Castle, aerial view and Great Hall. Jan Wyck, The Battle of the Boyne, 1st July 1690, signed and dated 1693, NGI. Kilcash Castle, Co Tipperary. 7 THIRD WEBINAR – LIFE & ART IN

LIST OF PLACES AND WORKS OF ART MENTIONED IN THE LECTURE

Most of the sites included in the list below can be visited, unless otherwise indicated by the use of an asterisk*. Buildings in government or commercial ownership are normally not open, unless by appointment. Most of the works of art listed are in public collections, unless otherwise indicated. Works from the Royal Collection are not always on public view and if in the private parts of royal residences are almost impossible of access, such as at Windsor.

Lecture title slide. Sketch on wooden plank showing a Viking boat, NMI. Map of Ireland showing position of the future city at the time of the first Viking incursions. Two maps of Dublin, the upper showing the city’s extent between 1170 – 1542, the lower c.1800. Map of Dublin indicating site of first Viking settlements and the Norman Dublin Castle. Wood Quay excavations, Dublin, 1970s. Map of Ireland indicating directions taken by first wave of Norman invaders in 1170s and 1180s. Map of Ireland indicating the level of English control in the 15th century, with the English ‘Pale’ centred on Dublin, marked. Dunsoghly Castle, Co Dublin*, c. 1470. Map of Dublin showing site of medieval city walls. City Walls, Dublin, mostly reconstructed, view from near . Map of Dublin, showing site of Dublin Castle. Dublin Castle, with the one remaining (mostly) Norman tower. Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. Map of Dublin showing sites of the two medieval cathedrals. St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin. Map of Dublin, John Speed, c.1610, lecturer’s collection. Sir Peter Lely, James Butler, Ist Duke of Ormonde?1662 – 63, Kilkenny Castle Collection. Map of Dublin indicating site of Ormonde’s Royal Hospital. Sir William Robinson, The Royal Hospital, , Dublin, opened by 1684, three views. Map of Dublin indicating Dublin Castle within the context of the medieval city. Dublin Castle, with the one remaining (mostly) Norman tower. Map of Dublin indicating the site of Dublin Castle within the fast expanding early Georgian city of c.1725. View of Dublin Castle, from Charles Brooking, A map of the city and suburbs of Dublin…, London, 1728, lecturer’s collection. Dublin Castle, Upper Castle Yard, photograph from 1950s. Pembroke House, Whitehall, London, from , Britannicus, II (1725), plate 48, lecturer’s collection (now destroyed). The Royal Mews, London, from John Mauer, A Perspective View of the Royal Stables at Charing Cross, 1740, British Museum. Now destroyed, the site of the mews is occupied by the National Gallery on Trafalgar Square. Dublin Castle, Upper Castle Yard, showing recent work, returning the main building to its original 18th century configuration. Dublin Castle, Presence Chamber (now the ‘Throne’ Room as prepared for visit of ). Dublin Castle, St Patrick’s Hall, showing changes made by the 1st Marquess of Buckingham, 1784.. Willian van der Hagen?, The State Ball at Dublin Castle, 1731, Stopford Sackville Collection, Drayton*, Northamptonshire. HM the Queen at the State Banquet in St Patrick’s Hall, Dublin Castle, 17 May, 2011. Charles Jervas, ‘Speaker’ William Conolly, mid 1720s, . 8 Jan Wyck, The Battle of the Boyne, 1st July 1690, signed and dated 1693, National Gallery of Ireland (NGI). Map of Dublin indicating site of new Parliament Building. Sir , Parliament House (now ), present condition, 1729 – 39, Parliament House, reconstruction by Stephen Conlin suggesting the original design. Earl of Burlington (also ), at Chiswick, 1720s. St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, Funeral Monument to 1st ‘Great’ Earl of Cork, , Villa Capra (La Rotunda), near Vicenza, 1560s. Vincenzo Scamozi, Villa Rocca Pisani, near Vicenza, 1580s. Antonio Canaletto, The Pantheon in , 1742, Royal Collection, Windsor Castle. Parliament House, reconstruction by Stephen Conlin suggesting the original design, with relative positions of and indicated. Parliament House, plan, with relative positions of House of Commons and House of Lords indicated. Francis Wheatley, The , 1780, Lotherton Hall, near Leeds (the chamber was destroyed by fire in the late 18th century0. Parliament Building, House of Lords chamber*, this can only be seen by appointment. James Latham, Charles Tottenham MP, ‘in his Boot’s, 1740s, NGI. Sir Joshua Reynolds, Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont as a Knight of the Bath, 1773/4, NGI. Map of Dublin, John Speed, c.1610, with site of Trinity College indicated, lecturer’s collection. View of Trinity College, early 17th century, Salisbury Collection, . View of Trinity College, from Charles Brooking, A map of the city and suburb of Dublin…, London, 1728, lecturer’s collection. Unknown draftsman, ‘A view of the Principal Front of the Parliament House…’ which also shows the old west front of Trinity College to the right, probably 1740s? National Library of Ireland. Theodore Jacobsen, Proposed West Front for Trinity College, Dublin, 1752 – 59, the only known representation of the proposed central dome, engraved in 1757, lecturer’s collection. Thomas Hudson, Theodore Jacobsen, 1746, Foundling Hospital, London. , The West Front, Trinity College, watercolour, 1794, NGI. Samuel Byron, Trinity College, isometric view, 1780, TCD Muniments Collection. Trinity College, five views including aerial view, ‘Front’ Square, Richard Castle’s Old Dining Hall, view to ‘Rubrics’ range and Thomas Burgh’s Old Library. James Malton, The Long Room, Trinity College, watercolour, 1794, TCD. Charles Jervas, Jonathon Swift, 1720s, NGI. James Malton, St Patrick’s Cathedral, watercolour, 1794, NGI. St Patrick’s Cathedral today. St Patrick’s Cathedral, floor plaque indicating the burial site of Swift. James Latham, Bishop Clayton and his Wife, 1740s, NGI. Map of Dublin indicating position of St Stephen’s Green. House* (now Ireland’s ‘Foreign Office’), St Stephen’s Green, the right hand section of which was Bishop Clayton’s House. 85 & 86 St Stephen’s Green, now known as Newman House, the two houses united in 1865. Currently closed for restoration but should reopen shortly. 85 St Stephen’s Green, 1738, various views including the work of the Lafranchini brothers, the first (and only?) Italian stuccodores to work in Ireland. 86 St Stephen’s Green, the taller of the two houses is late 1750s to early 1760s, the interior showing lighter Rococo style plasterwork, executed by Robert West’s team. East, typical mid 18th century brick terraced housing. Philip Hussey?, A Dublin Interior?, 1760s, NGI. Map of Dublin indicating positions of Leinster (originally Kildare) House and Charlemont House. Richard Castle, Leinster (originally Kildare) House*, 1740s onwards. This is now the Irish parliament and not easy to visit, unless you know a sitting member? 9 Sir William Chambers, Charlemont House, 1760’s onwards, exterior and front hall interior. Pompeo Batoni, James Caulfield, 1st Earl of Charlemont, 1748, Mellon Centre for British Art, Yale. Francis Wheatley, The Dublin Volunteers Meeting on College Green, 1781/2, NGI. Francis Wheatley, The Irish House of Commons, 1780, Lotherton Hall, near Leeds. Unknown Artist, George Nugent Temple Grenville, 1St Marquess of Buckingham (also 2nd Earl Temple) in his robes as Grand Master of the Order of St Patrick, founded in 1783. St Patrick’s Cathedral, Choir area showing the banners of members of the Order from the mid Victorian period. Map of Ireland indicating the sources of Irish wealth, based on exports of beef, pork, butter and linen. Thomas Cooley, The Royal Exchange (now City Hall), foundation stone laid 1769, exterior and interior views. James Malton, The Customs House, watercolour, 1794, NGI. James Malton, The , watercolour, 1794, NGI. College Green, Dublin, aerial view showing major changes to the Parliament House (now Bank of Irealnd) with new curving arms and House of Lords entrance. , House of Lords entrance for Parliament House, 1785. Thomas Burgh?, St Werburg’s Church*, 1720s and later alterations – almost never open. John Smith, Monument to George Ogle, 1815, St Patrick’s Cathedral.

10 FOURTH WEBINAR – THE IRISH COUNTRY HOUSE

LIST OF PLACES AND WORKS OF ART MENTIONED IN THE LECTURE

Most of the sites included in the list below can be visited, unless otherwise indicated by the use of an asterisk*. Most of the works of art listed are in public collections, unless otherwise indicated by an asterisk.

A note on dates: for some of the buildings discussed no dates are given as these have complex building histories which can be investigated by reference to the reading list above. Where known, the identity of the original family, with title if applicable, is given,

Map of Ireland taken from O’Brien & Guinness, Great Irish Houses & Castles, showing location of places included in the book and the lecture – further details above in the reading list. Map of Ireland indicating . Malahide Castle, Co Dublin, Norman and later, Talbot, later Lords Talbot de Malahide. No longer in family ownership and in the care of Fingal Co Council, and open to the public. Jan Wyck, The Battle of the Boyne, 1st July 1690, signed and dated 1693, National Gallery of Ireland, NGI. Eyre Court, Co Galway, mid 17th century, Eyre, Barons Eyre, destroyed. Map of Ireland indicating Beaulieu, Mount Ievers Court & Bellamont Forest. Beaulieu*, Co Louth, late 17th century, Tichborne, and now Waddington, still in family ownership. Mount Ievers Court*, Co Clare, completed 1737, Ievers, still in family ownership. Sir Edward Lovett Pearce, Archbishop’s Palace, Cashel, Co Tipperary, 1730, designed for Archbishop Theophilus Bolton, now a hotel. Sir Edward Lovett Pearce, Bellamont Forest*, c.1730, Coote, Earl of Bellomont – there was only one Earl, for whom see the portrait by Reynolds below. Andrea Palladio, Villa Badoer, 1556/7 – 63, Fratta Polesine (Rovigo) – in private ownership. Andrea Palladio, Villa Cornaro*, 1551 – 53, Piombino Dese (Treviso) – open to the public as a modern art gallery for temporary (often ‘challenging’) exhibitions. Sir Joshua Reynolds, Charles Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont as a Knight of the Bath, 1773/4, NGI. Charles Jervas, ‘Speaker’ William Conolly, mid 1720s, Castletown House. and Sir Edward Lovett Pearce, Castletown, Co Kildare, 1722 onwards, Co Kildare, Conolly, Conolly-Carew, Barons Carew. Now in Irish State ownership and open to the public. Map of Ireland indicating the close proximity of Casteltown and nearby Carton. Anton Raphael Mengs, Thomas Conolly, mid 1750s, NGI. Allan Ramsay, Lady Louisa Conolly, early 1760s, Melbury House Collection, Dorset*. Sir Anthony van Dyck, Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford with his secretary, Sir Francis Mainwaring, 1639 – 40, Fitzwilliam Collection (Lady Juliet Tadgell, Kent)*. See copy in Green Drawing Room at Castletown. Arthur Devis?, Earl & Countess of Kildare in the Park at Carton, afterwards 1st Duke and Duchess of Leinster, 1750s?, recently sold at auction and present whereabouts unknown. Carton, Co. Kildare, remodelled in 1740’s by Richard Castle, Fitzgerald Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster - now a hotel. NB the Lafranchini brothers worked at both Carton in the Saloon, soon after their arrival in Ireland and at Castletown in the Staircase Hall almost 30 years later at the end of their careers. Castletown, the Gothic Lodge*, from a design by Batty Langley, mid 18th century. Gabriel Béranger, Ballyowen Castle near Lucan, 1766, Private Collection – NB that in my lecture I mistakenly attributed this sketch to Mary Delany. 11 Map of Ireland indicating Castle Ward. Castle Ward, Co Down, 1762 onwards, Ward, Viscounts Bangor, now in the care of the National Trust in Northern Ireland. Pompeo Batoni, James Caulfield, 1st Earl of Charlemont, 1748, Mellon Centre for British Art, Yale. Sir William Chambers, Charlemont House, 1760’s onwards, exterior and front hall interior, Caulfield, Earls of Charlemont. Now the Hugh Lane Art Galley. Sir William Chambers, The Casino at Marino, 1758 – 70, Caulfield, Earls of Charlemont. Now in Irish State care and open to the public Map of Ireland indicating and . Curraghmore, Co Waterford, de la Poer & Beresford, Earls of Tyrone and Marquesses of Waterford, Norman and later with interiors by James Wyatt. Regularly open to the public. Castle Coole, Co Fermanagh, 1790 onwards, Lowry-Corry, Earls of Belmore, now in the care of the National Trust in Northern Ireland. This is THE classical masterpiece by James Wyatt.

Nil desperandum: - a number of friends have been in touch to ask why Russborough in Co Wicklow was not included in this lecture? Worry not – I plan to include it in my final lecture in the series when I deal with the preservation of heritage sites in Ireland in recent times.

Please address any queries (or corrections) to [email protected]

Tom Duncan, 19 February 2021.

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