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On the Classification of the Early Tertiary Erinaceomorpha (Insectivora, Mammalia)

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University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln USGS Staff -- Published Research US Geological Survey 1985 On the Classification of the Early erT tiary Erinaceomorpha (Insectivora, Mammalia) Michael J. Novacek American Museum of Natural History Thomas M. Bown U.S. Geological Survey David Schankler Princeton University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Novacek, Michael J.; Bown, Thomas M.; and Schankler, David, "On the Classification of the Early erT tiary Erinaceomorpha (Insectivora, Mammalia)" (1985). USGS Staff -- Published Research. 197. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usgsstaffpub/197 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Geological Survey at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in USGS Staff -- Published Research by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. AMERICAN MUSEUM Novitates PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2813, pp. 1-22, figs. 1-1 1, table 1 April 10, 1985 On the Classification of the Early Tertiary Erinaceomorpha (Insectivora, Mammalia) MICHAEL J. NOVACEK,I THOMAS M. BOWN,2 AND DAVID SCHANKLER3 ABSTRACT Definitions are provided for three Early Tertiary odont cheek teeth that superficially resemble pri- families of Erinaceomorpha. The family Dorma- mate dentitions. A third family, the Erinaceidae, aliidae includes Dormaalius, Macrocranion, Sce- includes the Early Tertiary genera Litolestes, Leip- nopagus, Ankylodon, Crypholestes, Sespedectes, sanolestes, Entomolestes, Neomatronella, Eolestes, and Proterixoides. Several ofthese genera are tra- Adapisorex, Cedrocherus, and living and fossil ditionally known collectively as "Adapisorici- members of the Galericinae, Brachyericinae, and dae," but Adapisorex is probably an erinaceid and Erinaceinae. Another member of the Erinaceidae the name Adapisorncidae is therefore unavailable is Dartonius, proposed here as a new designation for the above listed taxa. Dormaaliids are char- for "Leptacodon"jepseni. Several erinaceomorphs acterized by a reduction in size and complexity of are either too generalized in structure, too diver- the anterior premolars, a reduced, premolariform gent, or too poorly represented to allow assign- P4, and several other dental specializations. A sec- ment to any of the above families. These incertae ond family, the Amphilemuridae includes Am- sedis taxa are Diacodon, Adunator (including philemur, Gesneropithex, Alsaticopithecus, and Mckennatherium), Diacocherus, Litocherus, Tal- Pholidocercus. Amphilemurids have inflated, bun- pavus, and Talpavoides. INTRODUCTION The erinaceomorph insectivores are a crit- sification of Erinaceomorpha has, however, ical group for understanding eutherian phy- been subject to diverse interpretations. Greg- logeny. Erinaceomorphs have been variously ory (1910, p. 464) named the Section Eri- cited as ancestors or close relatives of tu- naceomorpha as a group including Erinacei- paiids, primates, bats, dermopterans, and dae, Leptictidae, and Dimylidae (table 1). several other major eutherian taxa. The clas- Simpson (1945) retained these families and I Chairman and Assistant Curator, Department ofVertebrate Paleontology, American Museum ofNatural History. 2 Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225. 3Research Assistant, Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544. Copyright X American Museum of Natural History 1985 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $2.90 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2813 TABLE 1 Classifications of Erinaceomorph Insectivorans Gregory, 1910 Subfamily Creotarsinae (incl. Litolestes, Order Insectivora Xenacodon, Talpavus, Creotarsus, Dor- Suborder Lipotyphla maalius, Entomolestes, Scenopagus, Section Zalambdodonta (incl. Families Centeti- Macrocranion, Amphilemur, Sespe- dae, Potamogalidae, Solenodontidae, dectes, Proterixoides, Amphidozotheri- Necrolestidae, Chrysochloridae) um, Ictopidium, Tupaiodon) Section unnamed (incl. Family Pantolestidae) Subfamily Nyctitheriinae Section Erinaceomorpha (incl. Families Lepticti- Family Erinaceidae dae, Erinaceidae, Dimylidae) Subfamily Galericinae Section Soricomorpha (incl. Families Soricidae, Subfamily Erinaceinae Talpidae) Family Talpidae Suborder Unnamed (incl. Family Hyopsodontidae) Superfamily Soricoidea Simpson, 1945 Russell, Louis, and Savage, 1975 Order Insectivora Suborder Erinaceomorpha Superfamily Deltatheridioidea Family Adapisoricidae Superfamily Tenrecoidea Subfamily Adapisoricinae (incl. Adapisorex) Superfamily Chrysochloroidea Subfamily Dormaaliinae (incl. Litolestes, Superfamily Macroscelidoidea Leipsanolestes, Dormaalius, Entomo- Superfamily Soricoidea lestes, Neomatronella, "Leptacodon" Superfamily Pantolestoidea jepseni, Macrocranion, Scenopagus, Superfamily Mixodectoidea ?Proterixoides, ?Sespedectes, Talpavus, Superfamily Erinaceoidea Ankylodon) Family Zalambdalestidae Krishtalka, 1976a Family Dimylidae Family Adapisoricidae (incl. Mckennatheri- Family Leptictidae (incl. Gypsonictops, Pro- um, Scenopagus, Ankylodon, Macro- diacodon, Acmeodon, Emperodon, Myr- cranion, Talpavus) mecoboides, Adapisorex, Diacodon, Family Erinaceidae (incl. Litolestes, Leipsano- Parictops, Protictops, Ictops, Leptictis, lestes, ?Entomolestes [grangeri], and the ?Xenacodon, ?Sespedectes) subfamilies Galericinae and Erinacei- Family Erinaceidae nae) Subfamily Echinosoricinae (incl. Entomo- THIS PAPER: lestes, Proterioxoides, Metacodon, An- Suborder Erinaceomorpha kylodon, Proterix, Brachyerix, Mete- Family Dormaaliidae (incl. Dormaalius, Mac- chinus, Meterix, Neurogymnurus, rocranion, Scenopagus, Ankylodon, Lantanotherium, Galerix, Pseudogale- Crypholestes, Sespedectes, Proterix- rix, Echinosorex, Hyolomys, Podogym- oides) nura, Neotetracus) Family Amphilemuridae (incl. Amphilemur, Subfamily Erinaceinae (incl. Tetracus, Pa- Gesneropithex, Alsaticopithecus, Pholi- laeoerinaceus, Tupaiodon, Palaeoscap- docercus) tor, Parvericius, Aethechinus, Erinaceus, Atelerix, Family Erinaceidae (incl. Litolestes, Leipsano- Hemiechinus, Paraechinus) lestes, Adapisorex, Entomolestes, Neo- Van Valen, 1967 matronella, Eolestes, Cedrocherus, Dar- Suborder Erinaceota tonius, Proterix, and subfamilies Superfamily Erinaceoidea Galericinae, Erinaceinae, and Brachyer- Family Adapisoricidae icinae) Subfamily Geolabidinae Erinaceomorpha, incertae sedis (incl. Diaco- Subfamily Adapisoricinae (incl. Mcken- don, Adunator [incl. Mckennatherium], natherium, Leptacodon, Adunator, Diacocherus, Litocherus, Talpavus, Tal- Adapisorex, Paschatherium, Messelina) pavoides) added Zalambdalestidae in his Superfamily lambdalestids, and macroscelidids, in addi- Erinaceoidea. Saban (1954), frequently and tion to the families recognized by Gregory. incorrectly cited as the author of the Erina- Several authors in more recent years (Butler, ceomorpha, expanded this category with his 1956a, 1972; McDowell, 1958; McKenna, inclusion ofthe pantolestids, apheliscids, za- 1960, 1975; Russell, 1964; Van Valen, 1967; 1985 NOVACEK, BOWN, SCHANKLER: ERINACEOMORPHA 3 Novacek, 1973, 1976, 1977; Russell, Louis, UCMP, University of California Museum of Pa- and Savage, 1975; Krishtalka, 1976) have ar- leontology, Berkeley gued that Erinaceomorpha seems realistically USGS, United States Geological Survey limited to the Erinaceidae and other early YPM, Yale Peabody Museum taxa generally recognized as "adapisoricids." Several matters remain unresolved. Sige (1977) regards nyctitheriids as members of SYSTEMATICS the Erinaceomorpha contra opinions of McKenna (1975), Krishtalka (1976a, 1976b), CLASS MAMMALIA LINNAEUS, 1758 Novacek (1976), Bown and Schankler (1982), ORDER INSECTIVORA CUVIER, 1817 and others. There is also argument as to whether dimylids (see Schmidt-Kittler, 1973) SUBORDER ERINACEOMORPHA GREGORY, 1910 belong to the Erinaceomorpha (following Van DIAGNOSIS: Insectivorans with the follow- Valen, 1967; Butler, 1972; Novacek, 1976) ing combination of dental features that dis- or the Soricomorpha (following Schmidt- tinguish them from other early eutherian Kittler, 1973; McKenna, 1975). "Amphile- clades. P1 small, single-rooted and P2-3 dom- murids" (Heller, 1935) were transferred from inated by a single cusp. P4 with a short, ba- Erinaceomorpha to Primates by Russell, sined or unbasined talonid; P4 talonid cusps Louis, and Savage (1975) but were returned absent, or, if present, diminutive. M1 3 para- to Erinaceomorpha by Koenigswald and conids compressed, lophid-like, or cresti- Storch (1983). Gingerich (1983) has united form. Molar trigonid cusps lower, less sec- several problematic "adapisoricids" as mem- torial, and more anteriorly canted than in bers ofthe new subfamily Litocherinae. Here Kennalestes, Cimolestes, Procerberus, Asior- we address problems of relationships among yctes, palaeoryctids (sensu stricto), primitive the selected members of the Erinaceomor- leptictids (e.g., Prodiacodon), geolabidids, pha; namely, the Early Tertiary taxa com- early miacids, and creodonts. Talonids on monly recognized as erinaceids, adapisori- MK2 nearly as wide or wider than trigonids. cids, and amphilemurids. Our purpose is to M1 3 with high entoconids and low hypocon- provide a consensus statement on the higher ids often flattened in early stages of wear. P3 level taxonomy of the Erinaceomorpha that small, triangular in occlusal outline (second- reflects,
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    ISSN 1937-2809 online Journal of Supplement to the November 2011 Vertebrate Paleontology Vertebrate Society of Vertebrate Paleontology Society of Vertebrate 71st Annual Meeting Paleontology Society of Vertebrate Las Vegas Paris Nevada, USA Las Vegas, November 2 – 5, 2011 Program and Abstracts Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 71st Annual Meeting Program and Abstracts COMMITTEE MEETING ROOM POSTER SESSION/ CONCURRENT CONCURRENT SESSION EXHIBITS SESSION COMMITTEE MEETING ROOMS AUCTION EVENT REGISTRATION, CONCURRENT MERCHANDISE SESSION LOUNGE, EDUCATION & OUTREACH SPEAKER READY COMMITTEE MEETING POSTER SESSION ROOM ROOM SOCIETY OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SEVENTY-FIRST ANNUAL MEETING PARIS LAS VEGAS HOTEL LAS VEGAS, NV, USA NOVEMBER 2–5, 2011 HOST COMMITTEE Stephen Rowland, Co-Chair; Aubrey Bonde, Co-Chair; Joshua Bonde; David Elliott; Lee Hall; Jerry Harris; Andrew Milner; Eric Roberts EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Philip Currie, President; Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Past President; Catherine Forster, Vice President; Christopher Bell, Secretary; Ted Vlamis, Treasurer; Julia Clarke, Member at Large; Kristina Curry Rogers, Member at Large; Lars Werdelin, Member at Large SYMPOSIUM CONVENORS Roger B.J. Benson, Richard J. Butler, Nadia B. Fröbisch, Hans C.E. Larsson, Mark A. Loewen, Philip D. Mannion, Jim I. Mead, Eric M. Roberts, Scott D. Sampson, Eric D. Scott, Kathleen Springer PROGRAM COMMITTEE Jonathan Bloch, Co-Chair; Anjali Goswami, Co-Chair; Jason Anderson; Paul Barrett; Brian Beatty; Kerin Claeson; Kristina Curry Rogers; Ted Daeschler; David Evans; David Fox; Nadia B. Fröbisch; Christian Kammerer; Johannes Müller; Emily Rayfield; William Sanders; Bruce Shockey; Mary Silcox; Michelle Stocker; Rebecca Terry November 2011—PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS 1 Members and Friends of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, The Host Committee cordially welcomes you to the 71st Annual Meeting of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology in Las Vegas.
  • Eutherians Experienced Elevated Evolutionary Rates in the Immediate

    Eutherians Experienced Elevated Evolutionary Rates in the Immediate

    Table S1 – Dates of the Cretaceous geological stages and Cenozoic North American Land Mammal Ages as used for dating the topologies and determining taxon occurrences. STAGE START TIME END TIME STAGE START TIME END TIME BERRIASIAN 145 139.8 TIFFANIAN 60.2 56.8 VALANGINIAN 139.8 132.9 CLARKFORKIAN 56.8 55.8 HAUTERIVIAN 132.9 129.4 WASATCHIAN 55.8 50.3 BARREMIAN 129.4 125 BRIDGERIAN 50.3 46.2 APTIAN 125 113 UINTAN 46.2 42 ALBIAN 113 100.5 DUCHESNEAN 42 38 CENOMANIAN 100.5 93.9 CHADRONIAN 38 33.9 TURONIAN 93.9 89.8 ORELLAN 33.9 30.8 CONIACIAN 89.8 86.3 ARIKAREEAN 30.8 20.6 SANTONIAN 86.3 83.6 HEMINGFORDIAN 20.6 16.3 CAMPANIAN 83.6 72.1 BARSTOVIAN 16.3 13.6 MAASTRICHTIAN 72.1 66 CLARENDONIAN 13.6 10.3 PUERCAN 66 63.3 HEMPHILLIAN 10.3 4.9 TORREJONIAN 63.3 60.2 BLANCAN TO RECENT 4.9 0 Table S2 – Occurrences of each genus in this analysis in the time bins from Table 1. Stage 1 is the Berriasian, Stage 12 the Maastrichtian, Stage 13 the Puercan, and so on. TAXON FIRST STAGE LAST STAGE TAXON FIRST STAGE LAST STAGE Peramus 1 1 Mimatuta 13 13 Deltatheridium 11 12 Desmatoclaenus 13 15 Sheikhdzheilia 6 7 Protoselene 13 15 Avitotherium 11 11 Bunophorus 17 18 Gallolestes 11 11 Diacodexis 17 18 Alostera 11 12 Homacodon 18 20 Parazhelestes 9 9 Hyopsodus 16 20 Aspanlestes 9 11 Meniscotherium 17 17 Zhelestes 8 9 Phenacodus 14 18 Paranyctoides 8 12 Macrocranion 15 20 Batodon 11 12 Alsaticopithecus 18 18 Maelestes 11 11 Teilhardimys 15 18 Bobolestes 6 7 Apheliscus 15 17 Bulaklestes 9 9 Haplomylus 15 19 Daulestes 8 9 Hilalia 18 18 Uchkudukodon 9 9 Orthaspidotherium