DOCSLIB.ORG

Causes and Consequences of Individual Phenotypic Differences in Brachyuran Crabs with a Focus on Behavior Benjamin A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Causes and Consequences of Individual Phenotypic Differences in Brachyuran Crabs with a Focus on Behavior Benjamin A University of South Carolina Scholar Commons Theses and Dissertations 5-2017 Causes and Consequences of Individual Phenotypic Differences in Brachyuran Crabs With A Focus on Behavior Benjamin A. Belgrad University of South Carolina Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Belgrad, B. A.(2017). Causes and Consequences of Individual Phenotypic Differences in Brachyuran Crabs With A Focus on Behavior. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/etd/4054 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you by Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN BRACHYURAN CRABS WITH A FOCUS ON BEHAVIOR By Benjamin A. Belgrad Bachelor of Science Eckerd College, 2013 Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marine Science College of Arts and Sciences University of South Carolina 2017 Accepted by: Blaine D. Griffen, Major Professor Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Committee Member James L. Pinckney, Committee Member Amy E. Fowler, Committee Member Cheryl L. Addy, Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School © Copyright by Benjamin A. Belgrad, 2017 All Rights Reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I wish to thank my mother, Beth, for her unwavering support and encouragement. Her guidance has always brightened my path. I also want to thank my father, Dave, for inspiring my love of nature and sparking my imagination. I thank my siblings, Joe and Adele, as well as my stepfather, Bob, for bringing out the best in me. I would especially like to thank my advisor, Dr. Blaine Griffen. There are no words which can express my gratitude for his brilliant insights, strong mentorship, and extraordinary generosity with time. His dedication and genius are a wellspring of knowledge, and I am honored to have worked under his tutelage. I thank my committee members, Drs. Ryan Rykaczewski, James Pinckney, and Amy Fowler for their service and constructive feedback. They have been invaluable sources of information. I am indebted to the staff of the Baruch Marine Field Laboratory for allowing me to use their facilities and spend my summers at the Hobcaw Barony. I am particularly grateful to Drs. Dennis Allen and Matt Kimball as well as Paul Kenny who have been extremely accommodating and made working in the field a true pleasure. I also want to thank my undergraduate mentors, Drs. Nancy Smith and William Szelistowski, for opening the door into the scientific community and cultivating my skills as a scientist. Lastly, I wish to thank my friends both in South Carolina and across the US who have always been there for me and make life special. iii ABSTRACT Individual variation defines almost every morphological, physiological, and behavioral aspect of populations and is a fundamental component of many ecosystem processes. Recent work indicates that accounting for these individual differences can enhance our ability to predict community responses to environmental disturbances which is becoming increasingly important in an era of extraordinary global change. However, our understanding of how different individual characteristics are connected to each other and governed by the environment remains limited. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between individual behavior, physiological condition, and local habitat for Brachyuran crabs as well as the subsequent strength of their predator-prey interactions within oyster reefs communities. Here, I examined the effects of parasitic infection, diet, habitat quality, season, and conspecific density on crab behavioral traits and physiology. I also evaluated how consistent individual behavioral differences, i.e. personalities, interact with predator type and habitat quality to influence individual mortality and movement patterns. These relationships are essential for calculating population dynamics across multiple spatial scales. My research found that crab energy stores were strongly dependent upon diet and spawning season. In turn, individual crab activity level and reproductive effort were tied to these energy stores and the local environment. Individuals in structurally degraded oyster reefs would generally exhibit lower activity levels and decreased reproductive output in comparison to crabs which inhabited healthy, structurally complex reefs. iv Individual activity was further decreased by reductions in conspecific density, which correlated to habitat quality, and by parasitic infection. Additionally, individual behavior influenced predation risk with bold crabs predominantly consumed by active hunters and shy crabs preferentially selected by ambush predators. Personality also interacted with habitat quality as crabs on low quality reefs rapidly left the region, starting with the boldest individuals; whereas high quality reefs had greater levels of predation, particularly among bold crabs. These findings demonstrate that individual phenotypic variation mediates divergent community interactions across habitat quality and provides several mechanisms through which spatially structured populations may develop. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ..............................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 CHAPTER 2 RHIZOCEPHALAN INFECTION MODIFIES HOST FOOD CONSUMPTION BY REDUCING HOST ACTIVITY LEVELS .................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 3 THE INFLUENCE OF DIET COMPOSITION ON FITNESS OF THE BLUE CRAB, CALLINECTES SAPIDUS .......................................................... 28 CHAPTER 4 INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY ASSOCIATED WITH INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION AND THE ENVIRONMENT ....................... 52 CHAPTER 5 HABITAT QUALITY MEDIATES PERSONALITY THROUGH DIFFERENCES IN SOCIAL CONTEXT ...................................................... 76 CHAPTER 6 PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS MEDIATED BY PREY PERSONALITY AND PREDATOR HUNTING MODE .........................................................................101 CHAPTER 7 PERSONALITY INTERACTS WITH HABITAT QUALITY TO GOVERN INDIVIDUAL MORTALITY AND MIGRATION PATTERNS ....................123 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................146 REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................152 APPENDIX A COPYRIGHT PERMISSION LETTERS .............................................................204 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Tukey HSD analysis of dietary influence on crab physiology ......................... 47 Table 5.1 Factors influencing crab activity levels ............................................................ 94 Table 5.2 Model estimates of individual effects on behavioral plasticity ........................ 95 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Effect of parasitic infection on crab gut passage time ..................................... 25 Figure 2.2 Effect of parasitic infection on crab behavior ................................................. 26 Figure 2.3 Effect of parasitic infection on crab habitat use .............................................. 27 Figure 3.1 Effects of diet, feeding time, and temperature on crab behavior ..................... 48 Figure 3.2 Effect of diet on tissue investment towards the hepatopancreas and reproduction .................................................................... 49 Figure 3.3 Relationship between diet, lipid content, and tissue investment towards the hepatopancreas ............................................... 50 Figure 3.4 Effect of diet on egg size ................................................................................. 51 Figure 4.1 Behavior of crabs across habitat quality .......................................................... 70 Figure 4.2 Individual behavior as a product of long-term energy stores and the local environment ..................................................................................... 71 Figure 4.3 Individual behavior as a product of short-term energy stores and the local environment ..................................................................................... 72 Figure 4.4 Individual behavior as a product of body size and the local environment ..................................................................................... 73 Figure 4.5 Reproductive effort of crabs across habitat quality ......................................... 74 Figure 4.6 Relationship between crab reproductive effort and long-term energy stores .................................................................................. 75 Figure 5.1 Crab density within degraded and healthy oyster reefs ................................... 96 Figure 5.2 Effect of predation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Host Specificity of Sacculina Carcini, a Potential Biological Control Agent of the Introduced European Green Crab Carcinus Maena
    Biological Invasions (2005) 7: 895–912 Ó Springer 2005 DOI 10.1007/s10530-003-2981-0 Host specificity of Sacculina carcini, a potential biological control agent of the introduced European green crab Carcinus maenas in California Jeffrey H.R. Goddard1, Mark E. Torchin2, Armand M. Kuris2 & Kevin D. Lafferty3,2,* 1Marine Science Institute, 2Marine Science Institute and Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, 3Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; *Author for correspondence (e-mail: laff[email protected]; fax: +1-805-893-8062) Received 3 July 2003; accepted in revised form 2 December 2003 Key words: biological control, Carcinus maenas, Hemigrapsus nudus, Hemigrapsus oregonensis, host response, host specificity, Pachygrapsus crassipes, Sacculina carcini Abstract The European green crab, Carcinus maenas, is an introduced marine predator established on the west coast of North America. We conducted laboratory experiments on the host specificity of a natural enemy of the green crab, the parasitic barnacle Sacculina carcini, to provide information on the safety of its use as a possible biological control agent. Four species of non-target, native California crabs (Hemi- grapsus oregonensis, H. nudus, Pachygrapsus crassipes and Cancer magister) were exposed to infective lar- vae of S. carcini. Settlement by S. carcini on the four native species ranged from 33 to 53%, compared to 79% for green crabs. Overall, cyprid larvae tended to settle in higher numbers on individual green crabs than on either C. magister or H. oregonensis. However, for C. magister this difference was signifi- cant for soft-shelled, but not hard-shelled individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Part I. an Annotated Checklist of Extant Brachyuran Crabs of the World
    THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2008 17: 1–286 Date of Publication: 31 Jan.2008 © National University of Singapore SYSTEMA BRACHYURORUM: PART I. AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF EXTANT BRACHYURAN CRABS OF THE WORLD Peter K. L. Ng Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore Email: [email protected] Danièle Guinot Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Milieux et peuplements aquatiques, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Email: [email protected] Peter J. F. Davie Queensland Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. – An annotated checklist of the extant brachyuran crabs of the world is presented for the first time. Over 10,500 names are treated including 6,793 valid species and subspecies (with 1,907 primary synonyms), 1,271 genera and subgenera (with 393 primary synonyms), 93 families and 38 superfamilies. Nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are reviewed in detail, and many resolved. Detailed notes and references are provided where necessary. The constitution of a large number of families and superfamilies is discussed in detail, with the positions of some taxa rearranged in an attempt to form a stable base for future taxonomic studies. This is the first time the nomenclature of any large group of decapod crustaceans has been examined in such detail. KEY WORDS. – Annotated checklist, crabs of the world, Brachyura, systematics, nomenclature. CONTENTS Preamble .................................................................................. 3 Family Cymonomidae .......................................... 32 Caveats and acknowledgements ............................................... 5 Family Phyllotymolinidae .................................... 32 Introduction .............................................................................. 6 Superfamily DROMIOIDEA ..................................... 33 The higher classification of the Brachyura ........................
    [Show full text]
  • Estuarine Mudcrab (Rhithropanopeus Harrisii) Ecological Risk Screening Summary
    Estuarine Mudcrab (Rhithropanopeus harrisii) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, May 2018 Web Version, 6/13/2018 Photo: C. Seltzer. Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0. Available: https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/4047991. (May 2018). 1 Native Range and Status in the United States Native Range From Perry (2018): “Original range presumed to be in fresh to estuarine waters from the southwestern Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, through the Gulf of Mexico to Vera Cruz, Mexico (Williams 1984).” 1 Status in the United States From Perry (2018): “The Harris mud crab was introduced to California in 1937 and is now abundant in the brackish waters of San Francisco Bay and freshwaters of the Central Valley (Aquatic Invaders, Elkhorn Slough Foundation). Ricketts and Calvin (1952) noted its occurrence in Coos Bay, Oregon in 1950. Rhithropanopeus harrisii, a common resident of Texas estuaries, has recently expanded its range to freshwater reservoirs in that state (Howells 2001; […]). They have been found in the E.V. Spence, Colorado City, Tradinghouse Creek, Possum Kingdom, and Lake Balmorhea reservoirs. These occurrences are the first records of this species in freshwater inland lakes.” From Fofonoff et al. (2018): “[…] R. harrisii has invaded many estuaries in different parts of the world, and has even colonized some freshwater reservoirs in Texas and Oklahoma, where high mineral content of the water may promote survival and permit reproduction (Keith 2006; Boyle 2010).” This species is in trade in the United States. From eBay (2018): “3 Freshwater Dwarf Mud Crabs Free Shipping!!” “Price: US $26.00” “You are bidding on 3 unsexed Freshwater Dwarf Mud Crabs (Rhithropanopeus harrisii).” Means of Introductions in the United States From Fofonoff et al.
    [Show full text]
  • In Edible Mud Crab, Scylla Olivacea
    Infestation of parasitic rhizocephalan barnacles Sacculina beauforti (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala) in edible mud crab, Scylla olivacea Waiho, Khor; Fazhan, Hanafiah; Glenner, Henrik; Ikhwanuddin, Mhd Published in: PeerJ DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3419 Publication date: 2017 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY Citation for published version (APA): Waiho, K., Fazhan, H., Glenner, H., & Ikhwanuddin, M. (2017). Infestation of parasitic rhizocephalan barnacles Sacculina beauforti (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala) in edible mud crab, Scylla olivacea. PeerJ, 5, [e3419]. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3419 Download date: 11. Oct. 2021 Infestation of parasitic rhizocephalan barnacles Sacculina beauforti (Cirripedia, Rhizocephala) in edible mud crab, Scylla olivacea Khor Waiho1,2,*, Hanafiah Fazhan1,2,*, Henrik Glenner3,4,* and Mhd Ikhwanuddin1 1 Institute of Tropical Aquaculture, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 Marine Biology Institute (MBI), Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, China 3 Marine Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 4 Center for Macroecology and Evolution, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark * These authors contributed equally to this work. ABSTRACT Screening of mud crab genus Scylla was conducted in four locations (Marudu Bay, Lundu, Taiping, Setiu) representing Malaysia. Scylla olivacea with abnormal primary and secondary sexual characters were prevalent (approximately 42.27% of the local screened S. olivacea population) in Marudu Bay, Sabah. A total of six different types of abnormalities were described. Crabs with type 1 and type 3 were immature males, type 2 and type 4 were mature males, type 5 were immature females and type 6 were mature females. The abdomen of all crabs with abnormalities were dented on both sides along the abdomen's middle line.
    [Show full text]
  • Bangor University DOCTOR of PHILOSOPHY Aspects of The
    Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Aspects of the biology of Sacculina carcini (Crustacea: cirripeda: rhizocephala), with particular emphasis on the larval energy budget. Collis, Sarah Anne Award date: 1991 Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 09. Oct. 2021 ASPECTSOF THE BIOLOGY OF SACCULINA CARCINI (CRUSTACEA: CIRRIPEDIA: RHIZOCEPHALA), WITH PARTICULAR EMPHASIS ON THE LARVAL ENERGY BUDGET 0 A thesis submitted to the University of Wales by SARAH ANNE COLLIS B. Sc. in candidature for the degree of Philosophiae Doctor e^ýt Yo,1 w4 "yLFýa YT 'a x'. ^ -""t "ý ý' 1i4" ': . ': T !E CONSUL t LIAiY '`. University College of North Wales, School of Ocean Sciences, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd. LL59 5EY. ý''ý September, 1991 Kentrogon's a crippled imp, uncanny, lacking kin, The ' stabbing seed 'a Cypris made by shrinking from her skin, - A Cyprus? Nay, a fiend that borrowed Cyprid feet and mask, To cast them off when he had plied his victim-hunting task.
    [Show full text]
  • Generation of Added Value Through the Process of Soft Shell Crab: a Sustainable Development Option in the Coastal Region of Sonora
    Journal of Management and Sustainability; Vol. 5, No. 2; 2015 ISSN 1925-4725 E-ISSN 1925-4733 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Generation of Added Value through the Process of Soft Shell Crab: A Sustainable Development Option in the Coastal Region of Sonora Luis E. Ibarra1, Erika Olivas1, A. Lourdes Partida2 & Daniel Paredes3 1 School of International Trade, Sonora State University, Hermosillo, Sonora, México 2 School of English Language Teaching, Sonora State University, Hermosillo, Sonora, México 3 School of Agribusiness Management, Sonora State University, Benito Juarez, Sonora, México Correspondence: Luis E. Ibarra, School of International Trade, Sonora State University, Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Tel: 1-622-948-7708. E-mail:[email protected] or [email protected] Received: March 12, 2015 Accepted: March 30, 2015 Online Published: May 31, 2015 doi:10.5539/jms.v5n2p57 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jms.v5n2p57 Abstract Nowadays there are fishery resources that have suffered the consequences of overexploitation, pollution or climate change, therefore, the population of marine organisms of commercial importance has diminished noticeably. One of the alternatives to mitigate this reduction, is the diversification of the fishery and aquaculture activity, through value creation.To do this, there is a great number of species to cultivate and that have not been seized due to the lack of interest or knowledge, in addition that the fishery communities have not been provided with the sufficient technology to allow its
    [Show full text]
  • The North American Mud Crab Rhithropanopeus Harrisii (Gould, 1841) in Newly Colonized Northern Baltic Sea: Distribution and Ecology
    Aquatic Invasions (2013) Volume 8, Issue 1: 89–96 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2013.8.1.10 Open Access © 2013 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2013 REABIC Research Article The North American mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) in newly colonized Northern Baltic Sea: distribution and ecology Amy E. Fowler1,2*, Tiia Forsström3, Mikael von Numers4 and Outi Vesakoski3,5 1 Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA 2 Biology Department, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085 USA 3 Department of Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland 4 Department of Biosciences, Environmental and Marine Biology – Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, FI-20520 Åbo, Finland 5 Finland Archipelago Research Institute, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland E-mail: [email protected] (AEF), [email protected] (FT), [email protected] (NM), [email protected] (VO) *Corresponding author Received: 2 November 2012 / Accepted: 29 January 2013 / Published online: 25 February 2013 Handling editor: Melisa Wong Abstract Here we present the known distribution and population demography of the most northern known population of the North American white- fingered mud crab, Rhithropanopeus harrisii, from southwest Finland in the Baltic Sea. This species was first reported in Finland in 2009 from the archipelago close to Turku and has been found from 82 locations within a 30 km radius since then. Due to the presence of young of year, juveniles, and gravid females observed at three sites in Finland, R. harrisii has established successful populations that are able to overwinter under ice and can opportunistically occupy diverse habitats, such as shafts of dead marsh plants, self-made burrows in muddy bottoms, and the brown algae Fucus vesiculosus in hard bottoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Revista Nicaragüense De Biodiversidad
    ISSN 2413-337X REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD N°57. Enero 2020 Depredación del ostión de mangle (Crassostrea rhizophorae) por la jaiba prieta (Callinectes rathbunae) en Tabasco, México Saúl Sánchez-Soto PUBLICACIÓN DEL MUSEO ENTOMOLÓGICO ASOCIACIÓN NICARAGÜENSE DE ENTOMOLOGÍA LEÓN - - - NICARAGUA REVISTA NICARAGÜENSE DE BIODIVERSIDAD. No. 57. 2020. La Revista Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad (ISSN 2413-337X) es una publicación que pretende apoyar a la divulgación de los trabajos realizados en Nicaragua en este tema. Todos los artículos que en ella se publican son sometidos a un sistema de doble arbitraje por especialistas en el tema. The Revista Nicaragüense de Biodiversidad (ISSN 2413-337X) is a journal created to help a better divulgation of the research in this field in Nicaragua. Two independent specialists referee all published papers. Consejo Editorial Jean Michel Maes Editor General Museo Entomológico Nicaragua Milton Salazar Eric P. van den Berghe Herpetonica, Nicaragua ZAMORANO, Honduras Editor para Herpetología. Editor para Peces. Liliana Chavarría Arnulfo Medina ALAS, El Jaguar Nicaragua Editor para Aves. Editor para Mamíferos. Oliver Komar Estela Yamileth Aguilar ZAMORANO, Honduras Álvarez Editor para Ecología. ZAMORANO, Honduras Editor para Biotecnología. Indiana Coronado Missouri Botanical Garden/ Herbario HULE-UNAN León Editor para Botánica. Foto de Portada: Macho de Callinectes rathbunae recolectado en el sistema estuarino de la laguna El Carmen, Cárdenas, Tabasco, México (Foto: Saúl Sánchez- Soto). _____________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Synchronism of Naupliar Development of Sacculina Carcini Thompson
    Trédez et al. Helgol Mar Res (2016) 70:26 DOI 10.1186/s10152-016-0479-2 Helgoland Marine Research ORIGINAL ARTICLE Open Access Synchronism of naupliar development of Sacculina carcini Thompson, 1836 (Pancrustacea, Rhizocephala) revealed by precise monitoring Fabien Trédez, Nicolas Rabet, Laure Bellec and Fabienne Audebert* Abstract Sacculina carcini is member of a highly-specialized group of parasitic cirripeds (Rhizocephala) that use crabs (Carcinus maenas) as hosts to carry out the reproductive phase of their life cycle. We describe the naupliar development of S. carcini Thompson, 1836 from a very precise monitoring of three different broods from three specimens. Nauplii were sampled every 4 h, from the release of the larvae until the cypris stage. Larval development, from naupliar instar 1 to the cypris stage, lasts 108 h at 18 °C. A rigorous sampling allowed us to describe an additional intermediate naupliar instar, not described previously. Naupliar instars are renumbered from 1 to 5. Nauplius 1 (N1) larvae hatch in the interna; N2 are released from the interna and last between 12 and 16 h; N3 appear between 12 and 16 h after release; N4 appear between 28 and 32 h; and N5 appear between 44 and 48 h. The cypris stage appears between 108 and 112 h. The redescribed morphologies allowed us to identify new characters. Antennular setation discriminates nau- pliar instars 3, 4 and 5. Telson and furca morphologies discriminate all naupliar instars. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the speed of larval development is similar within a single brood and between broods from different specimens, suggesting synchronization of larval development.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter Bibliography
    VU Research Portal Pacific oysters and parasites Goedknegt, M.A. 2017 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Goedknegt, M. A. (2017). Pacific oysters and parasites: Species invasions and their impact on parasite-host interactions. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 02. Oct. 2021 Bibliography Bibliography A Abrams, P. A. (1995) Implications of dynamically variable traits for identifying, classifying and measuring direct and indirect effects in ecological communities. The American Naturalist 146:112-134. Aguirre-Macedo, M. L., Kennedy, C. R. (1999) Diversity of metazoan parasites of the introduced oyster species Crassostrea gigas in the Exe estuary. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 79:57-63. Aguirre-Macedo, M. L., Vidal-Martinez, V.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Parasite Diversity in Native Panopeid Mud Crabs and the Invasive Asian Shore Crab in Estuaries of Northeast North America
    Aquatic Invasions (2016) Volume 11, Issue 3: 287–301 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2016.11.3.07 Open Access © 2016 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2016 REABIC Research Article Comparison of parasite diversity in native panopeid mud crabs and the invasive Asian shore crab in estuaries of northeast North America Kelley L. Kroft1 and April M.H. Blakeslee2,* 1Department of Biology, Long Island University–Post, 720 Northern Boulevard, Brookville, NY 11548, USA 2Biology Department, East Carolina University, 1001 East 5th Street, Greenville, NC 27858, USA *Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Received: 12 October 2015 / Accepted: 27 April 2016 / Published online: 14 May 2016 Handling editor: Amy Fowler Abstract Numerous non-indigenous species (NIS) have successfully established in new locales, where they can have large impacts on community and ecosystem structure. A loss of natural enemies, such as parasites, is one mechanism proposed to contribute to that success. While several studies have shown NIS are initially less parasitized than native conspecifics, fewer studies have investigated whether parasite richness changes over time. Moreover, evaluating the role that parasites have in invaded communities requires not only an understanding of the parasite diversity of NIS but also the species with which they interact; yet parasite diversity in native species may be inadequately quantified. In our study, we examined parasite taxonomic richness, infection prevalence, and infection intensity in the invasive Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus De Haan, 1835 and two native mud crabs (Panopeus herbstii Milne-Edwards, 1834 and Eurypanopeus depressus Smith, 1869) in estuarine and coastal communities along the east coast of the USA.
    [Show full text]
  • External Morphology of Sacculina Leptodiae
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ISSN 1110 – 6131 Vol. 25(1): 331 – 349 (2021) www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg External morphology of Sacculina leptodiae (Sacculinidae: Rhizocephala) parasitizing the xanthid crab, Leptodius exaratus (Xanthidae: Brachyura) from the coasts of the Red Sea, Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba, Egypt Ahmed M.Hassan1, Awaad A.M. El-Sayed2*, Mohamed A. Amer2 and Maged M.A. Fouda3&4 1; Private Researcher in SAMCO Company, Egypt. 2; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. 3; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Asyut Branch, Egypt. 4; Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia. *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: A total of 41 externae (35 single and 3 double) of the parasitic sacculind, Received: Jan. 6, 2021 Sacculina leptodiae (Sacculindae: Rhizocephala) were investigated during Accepted: Jan. 18, 2021 this study. They were obtained from 38 individuals (23 males and 15 Online: Jan. 22, 2021 females) of the xanthid crab, Leptodius exaratus (Xanthidae: Brachyura) _______________ collected from the Egyptian coasts of the Red Sea and Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba. The rate of infection represented 5.50% of all populations (691 Keywords: individuals, 400 males and 291 females) and was slightly higher in males Rhizocephala, (5.75 %) than in females (5.15 %). The single 35 externae represented 92.11 Scculina, %, compared with only 3 individuals have double externae represented 7.89 Leptodius exaratus, %. The externae of this parasite were extruded on the abdomens of infected Red Sea, crabs, each was attaching with its interna (rootlets) in the internal body Gulf of Suez, cavity of the host via a very short stalk or peduncle.
    [Show full text]