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Nepal Country-Wide Analysis of Pre-Positioned Relief Items

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Nepal Country-Wide Analysis of Pre-Positioned Relief Items NEPAL COUNTRY-WIDE ANALYSIS OF PRE-POSITIONED RELIEF ITEMS November 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................. 4 ANALYTICS METHODOLOGY ...................................... 6 ASSESSEMENT ...................................................... 11 RECOMMENDATIONS PER ITEM .............................. 13 SHELTER CLUSTER ........................................... 14 WASH CLUSTER ................................................ 25 HEALTH CLUSTER ............................................. 30 EDUCATION CLUSTER ....................................... 35 CONTACTS ............................................................. 38 AKNOWLEDGMENTS ESUPS would like to recognise and thank the following organisations, agencies and individuals that participated in this study: • Action Against Hunger Nepal • Rural Reconstruction Nepal • Nepal Red Cross Society • Action Aid Nepal • Save the Children Nepal • UNFPA Nepal • Care Nepal • The International Federation • UNICEF Nepal of Red Cross & Red Crescent • Humanity & Inclusion Nepal • United Mission to Nepal Societies • Mrs Rajali Mahrjan • Welthungerhilfe Nepal • The Lutheran World Federati- (Researcher) on • WFP Nepal Logistics Cluster • OCHA Nepal • Nepal Humanitarian Country • WHO • Jason Acimovic (Penn State Team • World Vision Nepal University) • Nepal Ministry of Home Af- • Plan International fairs NEPAL REPORT - November 2020 INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ESUPS? OUR VISION The Emergency Supply Pre-Positioning Strat- To support the definition of coordinated and egies (ESUPS) Working Group was created in coherent national and regional pre-positioning 2016 by a group of stakeholders interested in strategies, maximising time and cost efficien- improving the definition of more efficient and cy of dispatch through further developed us- effective prepositioning strategies of relief age of the coordination mechanisms of data items at national and regional as a prepared- sharing, loan-borrowing, and limitations in ness measure. It is composed of Member branding. ESUPS works on the improvement States, Red Cross/Crescent Movement, NGOs, of predictability and relevance of pre- Academics, UN Agencies, and Regional Or- positioned emergency supplies to ensure that ganisations that work in logistics prepared- the humanitarian community has the right ness and pre-positioning at strategic and op- items in the right quantities pre-positioned in erational levels. ESUPS is governed by a the right places, with a minimum of duplica- Steering Group (SG) chaired by Welthun- tion or gaps, and to ensure their timely and gerhilfe and includes Action Against Hunger, efficient dispatch and replenishment. The British Red Cross, The International Fed- eration of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), The International Organiza- tion for Migration (IOM), Save the Children, USAID/OFDA, Pennsylvania State University (PSU), PLAN International and the UNHRD. ESUPS IN NEPAL In September 2019, ESUPS engaged with logistics information to trigger an analysis. Nepal as one of the countries selected for im- ESUPS also organised a first visit in country plementation. This decision was aligned with to present its project as well as some specific elements such as its STOCKHOLM platform the Logistics Cluster Preparedness unit’s se- and its analytics mathematical model devel- lection of countries to ensure a coordination oped by Penn State University in collabora- mechanism would be in place to work on the tion with the MIT. This visit took place in support ESUPS could offer. March 2020 and was followed by a few more With the support of the Nepal Log Cluster co- information requests and clarifications. ordinator, the Welthungerhilfe office and This report presents the findings of our analy- OCHA, ESUPS initiated a data collection pro- sis of the current pre-positioned stock in Ne- cess about stock levels and other required pal. 3 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The information provided in this document This document does not recommend pre- are divided in two parts: an ASSESSMENT of positioning strategies at individual agency the current stocks pre-positioned in Nepal, level, the very purpose of the ESUPS project looking at the quantities and locations, and a being to foster collaborative approaches such set of RECOMMENDATIONS per item, to help as loan-borrowing. However, should those rec- decision-makers in country re-allocate those ommendations move towards implementation, stocks to be more time and cost efficient at it is expected that individual agencies could times of disasters. Both the assessment and draw their own pre-positioning strategy from recommendations are made on a collective this overall approach, now considering in approach. country partners and other players capacities and strategies. Here are the main findings and recommendations identified by the ESUPS analytics tools. Please note that those recommendations provide guidance towards a more optimum national coordinated pre-positioning model and not a definite solution. Many local specific factors could not be considered, and like for any mathe- matical model, assumptions were made. That context-specific information needs to be discussed and factored in at country level. The findings contained in this report are to be looked at in complement of the Analytics tool provided alongside this document. This allows the user to look at each detailed location about the availability of stock per Cluster/Per items/ and per warehouse location. 4 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020 ASSESSMENT 1 Based on the current pre-positioned stock in country, the present actors collectively have an average capacity across all 20 items studied to cover 72% of disasters in country without international assistance. This means all items combined are stored in sufficient quantities to support disasters affecting an average of 50,082 people or less. To increase this percentage, the Nepal responders will have to increase the overall quantities of stocks. 2 Should the Nepal responders decide collectively to be able to support 85% of disasters in country without international assistance, only 6 items out of 20 are currently stocked in sufficient quantities at the national level (not necessarily in the right location). 3 Total potential savings if the proposed coordinated pre- positioning strategy is implemented 4 In terms of priority, the most important items to look at in order to make a significant time and cost impact are Medi- cal kits, Diarrheal Disease kits, Solar Lanterns and Winteriza- tion kits. Although many of those are pre-positioned in suffi- cient quantities (see above), the locations where they are pre -positioned are the furthest from an optimum situation. 5 The least priorities are Blankets, Mosquito Nets and Wa- ter Purification tablets. This means that, although those are not pre-positioned in enough quantities (except the Water purification tablets), they are relatively well pre-positioned at a geographic level. 6 In terms of location, the warehouses that are the further from an optimal stock’s contents are: a. Bharatpur, Hetauda and Inaruwa for the warehouses that are currently understocked b. Kathmandu, Janakpur and Nepalgunj for the ware- houses currently overstocked. At a larger provincial scale, the 2 most understocked prov- inces are Prov-1 and Sudhur Paschim while the 2 most overstocked provinces are Prov-5 and Province -3. 5 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020 ANALYTICS METHODOLOGY DATA COLLECTION DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS DISASTER HISTORY: types, frequency, intensity, locations, impacts MATHEMATICAL MODEL ASSESSMENT of existing pre-positioned EXISTING STOCK: collect, stocks in the country computerise, display RECOMMENDATIONS toward a more optimum LOGISTICS INFO: driving (cost & time) coordinated time, driving distances, pre-positioning strategy weights, volumes, costs, number of people served per item STEP 1: ANALYSE HISTORY OF DISASTERS IN NEPAL The first phase consisted in analysing how, • Since 1980, Nepal was affected by 112 where, and what type of disasters affects Ne- disasters, 102 of which affected more than pal. To find out, ESUPS analysed the last 40 100 people. That is 91% of disasters af- years of disasters (1980- 2019) through the fecting more than 100 people EM-DAT database, provided by the Centre for • 90% of disasters in Nepal affected less Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters than 250,000 people (CRED). 6 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020 • When looking at the disasters by the number of affected people, the most vulnerable area is the Kathmandu area, simply due to the concentration of people in this area as well as the impact of the 2015 Earthquakes. We can also see that when focusing on the middle size disasters they are all in the South of the country. That could be explained by the fact that many of those dis- asters are floods, which are a consequence of water flowing down (and south) from the moun- tains range. • However, when changing the focus to the disaster type we can clearly see that floods, epidem- ics and landslides are predominant and quite evenly distributed across the country. 7 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020 Disasters types in Nepal 1980-2019 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% Floods 47% Epidemics 19% Landslides 10% Earthquake 9% Drought 5% Storm 4% Cold Wave 3% Fire 3% STEP 2: COLLECT PRE-POSITIONED STOCK AND LOGISTICS DATA ESUPS has created a platform aimed at cap- Item Group. Each Item Group belongs to turing
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