COUNTRY-WIDE ANALYSIS OF PRE-POSITIONED RELIEF ITEMS

November 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...... 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4 ANALYTICS METHODOLOGY ...... 6 ASSESSEMENT ...... 11 RECOMMENDATIONS PER ITEM ...... 13 SHELTER CLUSTER ...... 14 WASH CLUSTER ...... 25 HEALTH CLUSTER ...... 30 EDUCATION CLUSTER ...... 35 CONTACTS ...... 38

AKNOWLEDGMENTS ESUPS would like to recognise and thank the following organisations, agencies and individuals that participated in this study:

• Action Against Hunger Nepal • Rural Reconstruction Nepal • Nepal Red Cross Society • Action Aid Nepal • Save the Children Nepal • UNFPA Nepal • Care Nepal • The International Federation • UNICEF Nepal of Red Cross & Red Crescent • Humanity & Inclusion Nepal • United Mission to Nepal Societies • Mrs Rajali Mahrjan • Welthungerhilfe Nepal • The Lutheran World Federati- (Researcher) on • WFP Nepal Logistics Cluster • OCHA Nepal • Nepal Humanitarian Country • WHO • Jason Acimovic (Penn State Team • World Vision Nepal University) • Nepal Ministry of Home Af- • Plan International fairs

NEPAL REPORT - November 2020

INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ESUPS? OUR VISION

The Emergency Supply Pre-Positioning Strat- To support the definition of coordinated and egies (ESUPS) Working Group was created in coherent national and regional pre-positioning 2016 by a group of stakeholders interested in strategies, maximising time and cost efficien- improving the definition of more efficient and cy of dispatch through further developed us- effective prepositioning strategies of relief age of the coordination mechanisms of data items at national and regional as a prepared- sharing, loan-borrowing, and limitations in ness measure. It is composed of Member branding. ESUPS works on the improvement States, Red Cross/Crescent Movement, NGOs, of predictability and relevance of pre- Academics, UN Agencies, and Regional Or- positioned emergency supplies to ensure that ganisations that work in logistics prepared- the humanitarian community has the right ness and pre-positioning at strategic and op- items in the right quantities pre-positioned in erational levels. ESUPS is governed by a the right places, with a minimum of duplica- Steering Group (SG) chaired by Welthun- tion or gaps, and to ensure their timely and gerhilfe and includes Action Against Hunger, efficient dispatch and replenishment. The British Red Cross, The International Fed- eration of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), The International Organiza- tion for Migration (IOM), Save the Children, USAID/OFDA, Pennsylvania State University (PSU), PLAN International and the UNHRD.

ESUPS IN NEPAL

In September 2019, ESUPS engaged with logistics information to trigger an analysis. Nepal as one of the countries selected for im- ESUPS also organised a first visit in country plementation. This decision was aligned with to present its project as well as some specific elements such as its STOCKHOLM platform the Logistics Cluster Preparedness unit’s se- and its analytics mathematical model devel- lection of countries to ensure a coordination oped by Penn State University in collabora- mechanism would be in place to work on the tion with the MIT. This visit took place in support ESUPS could offer. March 2020 and was followed by a few more With the support of the Nepal Log Cluster co- information requests and clarifications. ordinator, the Welthungerhilfe office and This report presents the findings of our analy- OCHA, ESUPS initiated a data collection pro- sis of the current pre-positioned stock in Ne- cess about stock levels and other required pal.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The information provided in this document This document does not recommend pre- are divided in two parts: an ASSESSMENT of positioning strategies at individual agency the current stocks pre-positioned in Nepal, level, the very purpose of the ESUPS project looking at the quantities and locations, and a being to foster collaborative approaches such set of RECOMMENDATIONS per item, to help as loan-borrowing. However, should those rec- decision-makers in country re-allocate those ommendations move towards implementation, stocks to be more time and cost efficient at it is expected that individual agencies could times of disasters. Both the assessment and draw their own pre-positioning strategy from recommendations are made on a collective this overall approach, now considering in approach. country partners and other players capacities and strategies.

Here are the main findings and recommendations identified by the ESUPS analytics tools. Please note that those recommendations provide guidance towards a more optimum national coordinated pre-positioning model and not a definite solution. Many local specific factors could not be considered, and like for any mathe- matical model, assumptions were made. That context-specific information needs to be discussed and factored in at country level.

The findings contained in this report are to be looked at in complement of the Analytics tool provided alongside this document. This allows the user to look at each detailed location about the availability of stock per Cluster/Per items/ and per warehouse location.

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ASSESSMENT

1 Based on the current pre-positioned stock in country, the present actors collectively have an average capacity across all 20 items studied to cover 72% of disasters in country without international assistance. This means all items combined are stored in sufficient quantities to support disasters affecting an average of 50,082 people or less. To increase this percentage, the Nepal responders will have to increase the overall quantities of stocks.

2 Should the Nepal responders decide collectively to be able to support 85% of disasters in country without international assistance, only 6 items out of 20 are currently stocked in sufficient quantities at the national level (not necessarily in the right location).

3 Total potential savings if the proposed coordinated pre- positioning strategy is implemented

4 In terms of priority, the most important items to look at in order to make a significant time and cost impact are Medi- cal kits, Diarrheal Disease kits, Solar Lanterns and Winteriza- tion kits. Although many of those are pre-positioned in suffi- cient quantities (see above), the locations where they are pre -positioned are the furthest from an optimum situation.

5 The least priorities are Blankets, Mosquito Nets and Wa- ter Purification tablets. This means that, although those are not pre-positioned in enough quantities (except the Water purification tablets), they are relatively well pre-positioned at a geographic level.

6 In terms of location, the warehouses that are the further from an optimal stock’s contents are: a. Bharatpur, and Inaruwa for the warehouses that are currently understocked b. , and for the ware- houses currently overstocked. At a larger provincial scale, the 2 most understocked prov- inces are Prov-1 and Sudhur Paschim while the 2 most overstocked provinces are Prov-5 and Province -3.

5 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020

ANALYTICS METHODOLOGY

DATA COLLECTION DATA ANALYSIS RESULTS

DISASTER HISTORY: types, frequency, intensity, locations, impacts MATHEMATICAL MODEL ASSESSMENT

of existing pre-positioned

EXISTING STOCK: collect, stocks in the country computerise, display RECOMMENDATIONS toward a more optimum LOGISTICS INFO: driving (cost & time) coordinated time, driving distances, pre-positioning strategy weights, volumes, costs, number of people served per item STEP 1: ANALYSE HISTORY OF DISASTERS IN NEPAL The first phase consisted in analysing how, • Since 1980, Nepal was affected by 112 where, and what type of disasters affects Ne- disasters, 102 of which affected more than pal. To find out, ESUPS analysed the last 40 100 people. That is 91% of disasters af- years of disasters (1980- 2019) through the fecting more than 100 people EM-DAT database, provided by the Centre for • 90% of disasters in Nepal affected less Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters than 250,000 people (CRED).

6 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020

• When looking at the disasters by the number of affected people, the most vulnerable area is the Kathmandu area, simply due to the concentration of people in this area as well as the impact of the 2015 Earthquakes. We can also see that when focusing on the middle size disasters they are all in the South of the country. That could be explained by the fact that many of those dis- asters are floods, which are a consequence of water flowing down (and south) from the moun- tains range.

• However, when changing the focus to the disaster type we can clearly see that floods, epidem- ics and landslides are predominant and quite evenly distributed across the country.

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Disasters types in Nepal 1980-2019

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

Floods 47%

Epidemics 19%

Landslides 10%

Earthquake 9%

Drought 5%

Storm 4%

Cold Wave 3%

Fire 3%

STEP 2: COLLECT PRE-POSITIONED STOCK AND LOGISTICS DATA ESUPS has created a platform aimed at cap- Item Group. Each Item Group belongs to turing existing stock situation in country. The one Cluster for now. Further development STOCK of Humanitarian Organisation Logis- may facilitate having one Item group be- tics Mapping (STOCKHOLM) platform is now long to multiple Clusters. partially available after the first development • Spelling mistakes or differences prevented phase and was used to enter the Nepal aggregation of data, and a manual cleaning Stocks collected. process was required to standardise stocks The data collection was coordinated in coun- location and spelling, allowing the compi- try by the Logistics Cluster Coordinator and lation and filtering of data. his team. • Other logistics information was required The stock data collection exercise consists of and provided through the Nepal Log Clus- important points that needed to be imple- ter and partners: driving time & distances, mented and followed: weights, volumes, costs, number of people • Abide by the Item-Groups defined with the served per item, etc.… technical clusters, aimed at standardising This initial stock data collection was done the nomenclature of Non-Food Items (NFI) through an Excel template so that the ESUPS to facilitate the aggregation and analysis of team could enter those data into the platform data. While this leaves the liberty to the and therefore avoid the users to have to do this users to call the items as relevant as want- initial, and heavy work themselves. ed for their organisation, it requires each item to be registered under an existing

8 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020

From now all users in Nepal can register to As such and because of their very close prox- access the STOCKHOLM platform and from imity the following locations name were modi- there, access, update or modify any of their fied: own stock information. The data collection process and the initial Siddhartnagar findings presentation during the March 2020 visit, highlighted a few issues and challenges: Bairahawa Siddhartnagar • Stock collection: what works (Nepal Log Cluster as focal point, data clarifications, Udaypur Gaigat etc.) and what could work better (buy-in from partners, coordination commitment, Panchtar Phidim misunderstanding on the stock ownership and access question). On the STOCKHOLM Lamjung platform questions around access, roles of different partners, and next step were also Mahendranagar Bhimdatta discussed. Regarding the cleaning of the Doti Dipayal database, it was also clarify to: stick to the items groups per cluster, regroup locations, Kohalpur Nepalgunj etc.. In that last regards, minor adjust- ments have been made to match the stocks locations, the Em-Dat data and the google Maps’.

STEP 3: ANALYSE DATA THROUGH THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL With those two sets of data (history of disas-  It did not consider disasters affecting less ters and existing pre-positioned stock situa- than 100 people tion), ESUPS, through its mathematical mod-  It assumes that every people “affected” (as el could trigger the analysis. per Em-DAT information) are in need of Re- Before heading into the findings, themselves, lief Items here are a few important points to clarify to  The number of people served per item is understand what the model offers and how it based on the SPHERE Standards and prac- works: titioners experience ASSUMPTIONS: Like any other mathematical  No damage occurred to main axes and warehouses themselves model, the ESUPS one rests on technical so-  It does not consider the private sector and lutions and assumptions. It is impossible for therefore replenishment capacities any model to capture all context specifics in-  The absorption capacity at distribution formation and, in order to build a model that point can provide guidance, assumptions need to  No domestic air transport was considered, be made. In the case of this model, the fol- only road transport lowing assumptions were made: 9 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020

The model provides an optimised average re- times it does not mean it is physically feasi- sponse time and costs over all scenarios. This ble, but rather demonstrates that as per the means that based on the model recommenda- actual situation the country is not ready tion, sometimes users may lose a bit in terms enough on a tent level. of time and/or cost, but that on average they Finally, the ESUPS model works at a national will collectively come out ahead and save and collective level. This analysis does not time and cost. provide any agency-specific information but It is imperative that all recommendations are rather look at the situation for each item in- looked at considering the local context speci- dependently of who owns it. This is the core ficities that could not be included in the mod- principle of the ESUPS project: support and el. For instance, if the model recommends encourage collaboration and coordination to increasing the stock levels of tents by 55 maximise cost and time efficiency.

ANALYSIS RESULTS

The below results are presented at two levels: • Details about which warehouses are over- 1. A national overview of the current situa- stocked and where their surplus could be tion. This first part assesses the current sent. national pre-positioned strategy in terms • Details about which warehouses are under- of quantities of NFI and their location. stocked and where additional stock could 2. A second part, more detailed, and come from. through criteria decided by the users, • Potential time and cost savings, should the provides an assessment and recommen- recommendations be implemented. dations towards a more optimum and It is important to be reminded that the model coordinated pre-positioning strategy, at provides an overall assessment and recom- Cluster and individual relief items level. mendations based on the data collected and Among the information provided are: on necessary assumptions. The recommenda- • An overall color-coded rating on both the tions should then be considered as such, and quantities and locations of a Relief Item. not as definitive answers, and should be dis- • Two lines of details on the Quantities and cussed considering the local contextual fac- the Locations explaining the overall rating. tors that were not integrated in the model. • A graph visualising the understocked and overstocked locations.

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ASSESSMENTThere are currently 4 Clusters reporting on 20 core Relief items as per below summary table.

Some Relief Items, despite being registered The recommendations are based on a set per- under one common Item Group, are too dif- centage of 85% disasters the country wants ferent to be analysed. For instance, the Fe- to be able to support independently, and male Friendly Space, as explained by UNFPA, without the need to request any international can literally be any space, such as an open assistance. This percentage can be changed classroom, any available structure, or tents by the users at any point. where the contents of the spaces depend on The Overall Rating provides 3 levels of color how the space is used and so there is no such coding: thing as a ready-made set to be analysed.

Good (70% - 100%) Not many improvements needed

Average (50% - 70%) Some changes are required

Improve (0% - 50%) Important changes needed

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• Based on the current pre-positioned stock • The least priorities are Blankets, Mosquito in country, the present actors collectively Nets and Water Purification tablets. This have 20 Items over 20 in sufficient quanti- means that although those are not pre- ties to cover a bit over 33% of disasters in positioned in enough quantities (except the country. Water purification tablets), they are rela- • Should the Nepal responders decide to be tively well pre-positioned at a geographic able to support 85% of disasters in country level.In terms of location, the warehouses without international assistance, only 6 that are the further from an optimal stock’s items out of 20 are currently stocked in contents are: sufficient quantities at the national level  Bharatpur, Hetauda and Inaruwa for the (not necessarily in the right location): warehouses that are currently under-  Clothes (Shelter) stocked  Diarrheal Disease kits (Health)  Kathmandu, Janakpur and Nepalgunj for  Hygiene and dignity kits (Protection) the warehouses currently overstocked  Medical kits (Health) • At a larger provincial scale, the 2 most un-  Tarpaulins (Shelter) derstocked provinces are Prov-1 and Sudhur Paschim while the 2 most over-  Water Purification tablets (Wash) stocked provinces are Prov-5 and Province - • In terms of priority, the most important 3. items to look at in order to make a signifi- • The average cost and time savings, for im- cant time and cost impact are Medical kits, plementing the recommendations across all Diarrheal Disease kits, Solar Lanterns and 20 Relief Items looked at, could reach re- Winterisation kits. Although many of those spectively 20% and 13%. are pre-positioned in sufficient quantities (see above), the locations where they are pre-positioned are the furthest from an op- timum situation.

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RECOMMENDATIONS PER ITEM

The tool provided allows the users to run their 3) There is too much stock in the selected own analysis by following a step by step pro- location, but overall, not enough across cess: the country and it is possible to improve • Select a cluster optimisation by moving stocks from the selected location to the places where there • Select a Relief Item is a need. (Colour code Yellow) => the sys- • Select a location tem will then indicate where stock can be • Select a percentage of disasters desired to moved to. be supported nationally without the need 4) There is enough stock in the selected for international assistance. For the below warehouse and overall, too much across per item analysis, this rate has been set at the country. (Colour code Green) => the 85%. The user can change that at any mo- system will then indicate where stock can ment. be moved to. On the basis of this selection the system will then indicate four possible answers: In addition to this summary analysis, it will 1) There is not enough stock in the selected also be possible to access the complementary location and there is not enough across tabs, allowing to get details on all items. the country. It requires additional procure- ment (Colour code Red). While this analysis tool is currently on an Ex- cel format, it will be encoded in the STOCK- 2) There is not enough stock in the selected HOLM platform in its second phase develop- location, but there is enough across the ment to make it more accessible and user- country to balance the stocks in an opti- friendly. mum way (Colour code Orange) => the system will then indicate which other warehouses stock can be moved from.

13 SHELTER CLUSTER

OVERVIEW

10 ITEMS

• BLANKETS

• CLOTHES

• KITCHEN SETS

• SHELTER KITS

• SLEEPING MATS

• SOLAR LANTERNS

• TARPAULINS

• TENTS

• ROPES

• WINTERISATION KITS

AVERAGE SHELTER SAVINGS

TIME 13%

COST 18%

14 BLANKETS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

average TIME: 5% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 6% good QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of blankets Although not stored in enough quantities across the country allows Nepal responders across the country, the overall geographical to cover 68% of disasters across the country balance of where blankets are currently without international assistance. stored is relatively good.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of blankets overall quantity (63,087 units) by a ratio (63,087), the graph shows which locations of 1.55 to reach 97,730 units are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (63,087 units) by a ratio balanced across warehouses to maximise of 4.58 to reach 288,674 units cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Bhmidatta CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Besisahar STOCK STOCK MOVED Janakpur Baitidi Kathmandu 27,509 12,933 14,576 Gaighat Bhimdatta 2,752 1,860 892 Phidim UNDERSTOCKED Dipayal Birgunj Dhangadi Bharatpur NONE 36,462 Jaleshwor Hetauda NONE 33,093 Lalitpur Siddhartnagar Inaruwa NONE 30,408 Bardibas Nepalgunj Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-20000 -10000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 CLOTHES Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

good TIME: 11% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 19% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of clothes Although stored in enough quantities across across the country allows Nepal responders the country, the overall geographical balance to cover 94% of disasters across the country of where clothes are currently stored can be without international assistance. improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of clothes overall quantity (429,013 units) is (429,013), the graph shows which locations sufficient are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: the current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (429,013 units) is balanced across warehouses to maximise sufficient cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Biratnagar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Bhmidatta STOCK STOCK MOVED Pokhara Birgunj Kathmandu 196,236 7,760 188,476 Phidim Gaighat Biratnagar 56,733 6,087 50,646 Nepalgunj Besisahar

Bhimdatta 47,895 1,116 46,779 Siddhartnagar Baitidi Dipayal UNDERSTOCKED Janakpur Jaleshwor Bharatpur NONE 21,877 Dhangadi Itahari Hetauda NONE 19,856 Lalitpur Bardibas Siraha Inaruwa NONE 18,245 Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-200000 -150000 -100000 -50000 0 50000 KITCHEN SETS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

average TIME: 11% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 14% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of kitchen Besides not being stored in enough sets across the country allows Nepal quantities across the country, the overall responders to cover 64% of disasters across geographical balance of where kitchen sets the country without international assistance. are currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of kitchen overall quantity (5,110 units) by a ratio of sets (5,110), the graph shows which 2.67 to reach 11,728 units locations are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (5,110 units) by a ratio of balanced across warehouses to maximise 6.78 to reach 34,641 units cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Besisahar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Baitidi STOCK STOCK MOVED Janakpur Bhmidatta Kathmandu 3,125 1,552 1,573 Gaighat Phidim UNDERSTOCKED Biratnagar Dhangadi

Bharatpur NONE 4,375 Pokhara Dipayal Jaleshwor Hetauda NONE 3,971 Birgunj Itahari Inaruwa NONE 3,649 Lalitpur Bardibas Nepalgunj Siddhartnagar Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 SHELTER KITS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

average TIME: 11% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 14% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of shelter Besides not being stored in enough kits across the country allows Nepal quantities across the country, the overall responders to cover 67% of disasters across geographical balance of where shelter kits the country without international assistance. are currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of shelter overall quantity (6,574 units) by a ratio of kits (6,574), the graph shows which 1.78 to reach 11,728 units locations are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (6,574 units) by a ratio of balanced across warehouses to maximise 5.27 to reach 34,641 units cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Besisahar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Biratnagar STOCK STOCK MOVED Baitidi Janakpur Kathmandu 4,291 1,552 2,739 Bhmidatta Gaighat UNDERSTOCKED Phidim Dhangadi

Bharatpur NONE 4,375 Pokhara Dipayal Jaleshwor Hetauda NONE 3,971 Birgunj Itahari Inaruwa NONE 3,649 Lalitpur Bardibas Siraha Siddhartnagar Nepalgunj Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 SLEEPING MATS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

improve TIME: 11% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 15% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of sleeping Besides not being stored in enough mats across the country allows Nepal quantities across the country, the overall responders to cover 38% of disasters across geographical balance of where sleeping mats the country without international assistance. are currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of sleeping overall quantity (4,981 units) by a ratio of mats (4,981), the graph shows which 11.77 to reach 58,638 units locations are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (4,981 units) by a ratio of balanced across warehouses to maximise 34.77 to reach 173,205 units cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Besisahar Baitidi CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Janakpur STOCK STOCK MOVED Bhmidatta Gaighat NO LOCATION CURRENTLY OVERSTOCKED Phidim Pokhara UNDERSTOCKED Biratnagar Kathmandu

Bharatpur NONE 21,877 Dipayal Dhangadi Jaleshwor Hetauda NONE 19,856 Birgunj Itahari Inaruwa NONE 18,245 Lalitpur Bardibas Siddhartnagar Nepalgunj Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 SOLAR LANTERNS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

average TIME: 21% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 36% improve QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of solar Besides not being stored in enough lanterns across the country allows Nepal quantities across the country, the overall responders to cover 53% of disasters across geographical balance of where solar lanterns the country without international assistance. are currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of solar overall quantity (2,206 units) by a ratio of lanterns (2,206), the graph shows which 5.32 to reach 11,728 units locations are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (2,206 units) by a ratio of balanced across warehouses to maximise 15.70 to reach 34,641 units cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Besisahar Biratnagar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Baitidi STOCK STOCK MOVED Janakpur Bhmidatta NO LOCATION CURRENTLY OVERSTOCKED Dhangadi Gaighat UNDERSTOCKED Phidim Pokhara

Bharatpur NONE 4,375 Dipayal Jaleshwor Birgunj Hetauda NONE 3,971 Kathmandu Itahari Inaruwa NONE 3,649 Lalitpur Bardibas Siddhartnagar Nepalgunj Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 TARPAULINS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

good TIME: 10% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 13% good QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of Besides being stored in enough quantities tarpaulins across the country allows Nepal across the country, the overall geographical responders to cover 88% of disasters across balance of where tarpaulins are currently the country without international assistance. stored is relatively good.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of overall quantity (77,498 units) is sufficient tarpaulins (77,498), the graph shows which • to cover 85% of disasters: the current locations are overstocked, which ones are overall quantity (77,498 units) is sufficient understocked, and how stocks can be re- balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Biratnagar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Nepalgunj STOCK STOCK MOVED Janakpur Bhmidatta Kathmandu 48,594 3,104 45,490 Besisahar Dhangadi Biratnagar 4,553 2,435 2,118 Pokhara Gaighat

Bhimdatta 7,335 5,950 1,385 Baitidi Phidim Siddhartnagar UNDERSTOCKED Birgunj Dipayal Bharatpur NONE 8,751 Jaleshwor Itahari Hetauda NONE 7,942 Lalitpur Bardibas Siraha Inaruwa NONE 7,298 Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-50000-40000-30000-20000-10000 0 10000 20000 TENTS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

improve TIME: 13% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 16% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of tents Besides not being stored in enough across the country allows Nepal responders quantities across the country, the overall to cover 33% of disasters across the country geographical balance of where tents are without international assistance. currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of tents overall quantity (678 units) by a ratio of (678), the graph shows which locations are 17.30 to reach 11,728 units overstocked, which ones are understocked, • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current and how stocks can be re-balanced across overall quantity (678 units) by a ratio of warehouses to maximise cost and time 51.09 to reach 34,641 units efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Besisahar Baitidi CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Janakpur STOCK STOCK MOVED Bhmidatta Gaighat NO LOCATION CURRENTLY OVERSTOCKED Phidim Pokhara UNDERSTOCKED Kathmandu Dipayal

Bharatpur NONE 4,375 Jaleshwor Biratnagar Dhangadi Hetauda NONE 3,971 Birgunj Itahari Inaruwa NONE 3,649 Lalitpur Bardibas Siddhartnagar Nepalgunj Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 ROPES Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

average TIME: 12% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 17% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of ropes Besides not being stored in enough across the country allows Nepal responders quantities across the country, the overall to cover 65% of disasters across the country geographical balance of where ropes are without international assistance. currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of ropes overall quantity (5,438 units) by a ratio of (5,438), the graph shows which locations 2.16 to reach 11,728 units are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (5,438 units) by a ratio of balanced across warehouses to maximise 6.37 to reach 34,641 units cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Besisahar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Baitidi STOCK STOCK MOVED Janakpur Bhmidatta Kathmandu 3,460 1,552 1,908 Gaighat Phidim UNDERSTOCKED Dhangadi Pokhara

Bharatpur NONE 4,375 Dipayal Jaleshwor Biratnagar Hetauda NONE 3,971 Birgunj Itahari Inaruwa NONE 3,649 Lalitpur Bardibas Nepalgunj Siddhartnagar Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 WINTERISATION KITS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

average TIME: 21% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 28% improve QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of Besides not being stored in enough winterisation kits across the country allows quantities across the country, the overall Nepal responders to cover 50% of disasters geographical balance of where winterisation across the country without international kits are currently stored can be improved. assistance. On the basis of the existing stock of • to cover 75% of disasters: increase current winterisation kits (1,770), the graph shows overall quantity (1,770 units) by a ratio of which locations are overstocked, which ones 6.63 to reach 11,728 units are understocked, and how stocks can be re- • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current balanced across warehouses to maximise overall quantity (1,770 units) by a ratio of cost and time efficiency. 19.57 to reach 34,641 units

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Besisahar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Baitidi STOCK STOCK MOVED Janakpur Bhmidatta Kathmandu 1,770 1,552 218 Gaighat Phidim UNDERSTOCKED Pokhara Dipayal

Bharatpur NONE 4,375 Jaleshwor Biratnagar Dhangadi Hetauda NONE 3,971 Birgunj Itahari Inaruwa NONE 3,649 Lalitpur Bardibas Siddhartnagar Nepalgunj Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-1000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 WASH CLUSTER

OVERVIEW

4 ITEMS

• BUCKETS

• HYGIENE & DIGNITY KITS

• WATER CONTAINERS

• WATER PURIFICATION TABLETS

AVERAGE WASH SAVINGS

TIME 13%

COST 13%

25 BUCKETS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

good TIME: 12% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 16% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of buckets Although stored in enough quantities across across the country allows Nepal responders the country, the overall geographical balance to cover 83% of disasters across the country of where buckets are currently stored can be without international assistance. improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of buckets overall quantity (38,527 units) is sufficient (38,527), the graph shows which locations • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current are overstocked, which ones are overall quantity (38,527 units) by a ratio understocked, and how stocks can be re- of 1.80 to reach 69,282 units balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Janakpur CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Bhmidatta STOCK STOCK MOVED Besisahar Gaighat Kathmandu 24,476 3,104 21,372 Baitidi Pokhara Janakpur 3,853 437 3,416 Phidim Biratnagar

Bhimdatta 1,799 446 1,353 Dipayal Birgunj Jaleshwor UNDERSTOCKED Dhangadi Nepalgunj Bharatpur NONE 8,751 Itahari Lalitpur Hetauda 164 7,942 Siddhartnagar Bardibas Siraha Inaruwa NONE 5,111 Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-25000 -15000 -5000 5000 15000 HYGIENE & DIGNITY KITS Assessment rating Quantities Potential time and cost savings

good TIME: 17% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 25% improve QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of hygiene Although stored in enough quantities across & dignity kits across the country allows the country, the overall geographical balance Nepal responders to cover 93% of disasters of where hygiene & dignity kits are currently across the country without international stored can be improved. assistance. On the basis of the existing stock of hygiene • to cover 75% of disasters: the current & dignity kits (57,482), the graph shows overall quantity (57,482 units) is sufficient which locations are overstocked, which ones • to cover 85% of disasters: the current are understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (57,482 units) is sufficient balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Janakpur CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Nepalgunj STOCK STOCK MOVED Pokhara Besisahar Kathmandu 43,431 1,552 41,879 Dhangadi Baitidi Janakpur 2,490 219 2,271 Bhmidatta Siddhartnagar

Nepalgunj 4,522 2,975 1,547 Gaighat Phidim Dipayal UNDERSTOCKED Jaleshwor Biratnagar Bharatpur NONE 4,375 Itahari Birgunj Hetauda 100 3,971 Bardibas Lalitpur Siraha Inaruwa NONE 3,649 Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-50000 -40000 -30000 -20000 -10000 0 10000 WATER CONTAINERS Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

average TIME: 13% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 18% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of water Besides not being stored in enough quantities containers across the country allows Nepal across the country, the overall geographical responders to cover 74% of disasters across balance of where water containers are the country without international assistance. currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of water overall quantity (22,900 units) by a ratio containers (22,900), the graph shows which of 1.02 to reach 23,456 units locations are overstocked, which ones are • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current understocked, and how stocks can be re- overall quantity (22,900 units) by a ratio balanced across warehouses to maximise cost of 3.03 to reach 69,282 units and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Janakpur CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Besisahar STOCK STOCK MOVED Baitidi Bhmidatta Kathmandu 16,026 3,104 12,922 Gaighat Phidim Janakpur 3,260 437 2,823 Pokhara Dipayal Biratnagar UNDERSTOCKED Jaleshwor Dhangadi Bharatpur NONE 8,751 Birgunj Itahari Hetauda 589 7,942 Lalitpur Nepalgunj Siddhartnagar Inaruwa NONE 7,298 Bardibas Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 WATER PURIFICATION TABLTES Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

good TIME: 10% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 16% good QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of water Besides being stored in enough quantities purification tablets across the country allows across the country, the overall geographical Nepal responders to cover 86% of disasters balance of where water purification tabltes across the country without international are currently stored is relatively good. assistance. On the basis of the existing stock of water • to cover 75% of disasters: the current purification tablets (182,699), the graph overall quantity (182,699 units) is sufficient shows which locations are overstocked, • to cover 85% of disasters: the current which ones are understocked, and how overall quantity (182,699 units) is sufficient stocks can be re-balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Nepalgunj Kathmandu CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Bardibas STOCK STOCK MOVED Besisahar Baitidi Kathmandu 16,026 3,104 12,922 Janakpur Bhmidatta Janakpur 3,260 437 2,823 Gaighat Phidim Pokhara Bardibas 53,450 12,778 40,672 Dipayal Jaleshwor UNDERSTOCKED Biratnagar Dhangadi Bharatpur NONE 21,877 Birgunj Itahari Lalitpur Hetauda NONE 19,856 Siddhartnagar Siraha Inaruwa NONE 18,245 Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-60000 -40000 -20000 0 20000 40000 HEALTH CLUSTER

OVERVIEW

4 ITEMS

• DIARRHEAL DISEASE KITS

• MEDICAL KITS

• MOSQUITO NETS

• SAFE DELIVERY KITS

AVERAGE HEALTH SAVINGS

TIME 16%

COST 27%

30 DIARRHEAL DISEASE KITS Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

good TIME: 21% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 50% improve QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of diarrheal Although stored in enough quantities across disease kits across the country allows Nepal the country, the overall geographical balance responders to cover 98% of disasters across of where diarrheal disease kits are currently the country without international assistance. stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of diarrheal overall quantity (11,670 units) is sufficient disease kits (11,670), the graph shows which • to cover 85% of disasters: the current locations are overstocked, which ones are overall quantity (11,670 units) is sufficient understocked, and how stocks can be re- balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Nepalgunj CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Janakpur STOCK STOCK MOVED Siddhartnagar Besisahar Kathmandu 5,470 78 5,392 Baitidi Bhmidatta Nepalgunj 2,748 149 2,599 Gaighat Phidim Pokhara Janakpur 1,952 11 1,941 Dipayal Jaleshwor UNDERSTOCKED Biratnagar Dhangadi Bharatpur NONE 219 Birgunj Itahari Lalitpur Hetauda NONE 199 Bardibas Siraha Inaruwa NONE 182 Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-6000 -5000 -4000 -3000 -2000 -1000 0 1000 MEDICAL KITS Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

good TIME: 21% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 30% improve QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of medical Although stored in enough quantities across kits across the country allows Nepal the country, the overall geographical balance responders to cover 85% of disasters across of where medical kits are currently stored the country without international assistance. can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of medical overall quantity (51 units) is sufficient kits (51), the graph shows which locations • to cover 85% of disasters: the current are overstocked, which ones are overall quantity (51 units) is sufficient understocked, and how stocks can be re- balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Janakpur CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Besisahar STOCK STOCK MOVED Baitidi Bhmidatta Kathmandu 47 2 45 Gaighat Phidim Janakpur 2 0 2 Pokhara Dipayal Biratnagar UNDERSTOCKED Siddhartnagar Jaleshwor Bharatpur NONE 6 Dhangadi Birgunj Hetauda NONE 6 Itahari Lalitpur Bardibas Inaruwa NONE 5 Nepalgunj Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 MOSQUITO NETS Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

average TIME: 9% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 12% good QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of mosquito Although not stored in enough quantities nets across the country allows Nepal across the country, the overall geographical responders to cover 68% of disasters across balance of where mosquito nets are currently the country without international assistance. stored is relatively good.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of overall quantity (25,779 units) is sufficient mosquito nets (25,779), the graph shows • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current which locations are overstocked, which ones overall quantity (25,779 units) by a ratio are understocked, and how stocks can be re- of 2.69 to reach 69,282 units balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Janakpur CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Besisahar STOCK STOCK MOVED Baitidi Bhmidatta Kathmandu 12,607 3,104 9,503 Gaighat Nepalgunj Janakpur 617 437 180 Dhangadi Phidim Biratnagar UNDERSTOCKED Pokhara Dipayal Bharatpur NONE 8,751 Jaleshwor Siddhartnagar Hetauda NONE 7,942 Birgunj Itahari Bardibas Inaruwa NONE 7,298 Lalitpur Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-15000 -10000 -5000 0 5000 10000 SAFE DELIVERY KITS Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

average TIME: 11% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 16% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of safe Besides not being stored in enough delivery kits across the country allows Nepal quantities across the country, the overall responders to cover 78% of disasters across geographical balance of where safe delivery the country without international assistance. kits are currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of safe overall quantity (714 units) is sufficient delivery kits (714), the graph shows which • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current locations are overstocked, which ones are overall quantity (714 units) by a ratio of understocked, and how stocks can be re- 2.43 to reach 1,733 units balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Janakpur CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Dhangadi STOCK STOCK MOVED Besisahar Baitidi Kathmandu 414 78 336 Bhmidatta Gaighat Janakpur 100 11 89 Phidim Siddhartnagar Pokhara Dhangadi 100 67 33 Dipayal Jaleshwor UNDERSTOCKED Biratnagar Birgunj Bharatpur NONE 219 Itahari Lalitpur Bardibas Hetauda NONE 199 Nepalgunj Siraha Inaruwa NONE 182 Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 EDUCATION CLUSTER

OVERVIEW

2 ITEMS

• INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL MATERIAL

• SCHOOL/PLAY KITS

AVERAGE HEALTH SAVINGS

TIME 11%

COST 16%

35 INDIVIDUAL EDUCATION MATERIAL Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

improve TIME: 11% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 16% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of Besides not being stored in enough individual education material across the quantities across the country, the overall country allows Nepal responders to cover geographical balance of where individual 61% of disasters across the country without education material are currently stored can international assistance. be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: increase current On the basis of the existing stock of overall quantity (17,393 units) by a ratio individual education material (17,393), the of 3.37 to reach 58,638 units graph shows which locations are overstocked, • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current which ones are understocked, and how stocks overall quantity (17,393 units) by a ratio can be re-balanced across warehouses to of 9.96 to reach 173,205 units maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Janakpur Besisahar CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Kathmandu STOCK STOCK MOVED Baitidi Bhmidatta Janakpur 2,777 1,093 1,684 Gaighat Phidim UNDERSTOCKED Pokhara Dhangadi Dipayal Bharatpur NONE 21,877 Jaleshwor Biratnagar Hetauda 95 19,856 Birgunj Itahari Inaruwa NONE 18,245 Lalitpur Nepalgunj Bardibas Siddhartnagar Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-5000 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 SCHOOL/PLAY KITS Assessment rating Potential time and cost savings Quantities

average TIME: 11% Locations (based on 85% goal) COST: 15% average QUANTITIES LOCATIONS The current pre-positioned stock of school/ Besides not being stored in enough play kits across the country allows Nepal quantities across the country, the overall responders to cover 76% of disasters across geographical balance of where school/play the country without international assistance. kits are currently stored can be improved.

• to cover 75% of disasters: the current On the basis of the existing stock of school/ overall quantity (1,573 units) is sufficient play kits (1,573), the graph shows which • to cover 85% of disasters: increase current locations are overstocked, which ones are overall quantity (1,573 units) by a ratio of understocked, and how stocks can be re- 2,75 to reach 4,331 units balanced across warehouses to maximise cost and time efficiency.

OVERSTOCKED Kathmandu Janakpur CURRENT OPTIMAL CAN BE Besisahar STOCK STOCK MOVED Baitidi Bhmidatta Kathmandu 979 194 785 Gaighat Phidim Janakpur 133 27 106 Dhangadi Pokhara Dipayal UNDERSTOCKED Jaleshwor Biratnagar Bharatpur NONE 547 Nepalgunj Birgunj Hetauda 5 496 Itahari Bardibas Lalitpur Inaruwa NONE 456 Siddhartnagar Siraha Inaruwa Hetauda Bharatpur

-1000 -500 0 500 1000 NEPAL REPORT - November 2020

CONTACTS

WFP staff handling COVID related medical supplies received from UAE AID fund at the Humanitarian Staging Area in Kathmandu. Credit: Sher Ghimire

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