ITA-AITES World Tunnel
Congress 2016 (WTC 2016)
San Francisco, California, USA 22 – 28 April 2016
Volume 1 of 4
ISBN: 978-1-5108-2262-7 Printed from e-media with permission by:
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Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
TUNNEL INFORMATION MODELLING IN MOST RECENT FORM...... 1 Marko Žibert, Scott Keniston, Jurij Karlovšek
CENTRIFUGE MODELLING OF TUNNELING-INDUCED SETTLEMENT DAMAGE TO 3D- PRINTED SURFACE STRUCTURES...... 11 S. Ritter, G. Giardina, M. J. Dejong, R. J. Mair
DESIGN DIAGRAMS FOR ESTIMATING TUNNEL FACE STAND-UP TIME IN WATER- BEARING GROUND...... 21 R. Schuerch, R. Poggiati, G. Anagnostou
INVESTIGATIONS IN THE FIELD OF LONG-TERM STABILITY OF TUNNEL CONSTRUCTIONS ...... 31 Stefan Lorenz, Robert Galler
ACI GUIDELINE ON DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL SEGMENTAL LINING ...... 39 M. Bakhshi, V. Nasri
CONCURRENT SEGMENT LINING AND TBM DESIGN: A COORDINATED APPROACH FOR TUNNELING SUCCESS ...... 49 E. Comis, M. Younis, R. Goodfellow
FIRE DESIGN FOR THE CONCRETE LINING OF THE OHIO RIVER BRIDGES EAST END CROSSING TUNNEL...... 61 Wern-Ping Nick Chen
EFFECTIVE OPENING SUPPORT FOR CROSS PASSAGES...... 72 Anthony Harding, Dean Treweek
UTILIZING COMPOSITE ACTION TO ACHIEVE LINING THICKNESS EFFICIENCY FOR SPRAYED CONCRETE LINED (SCL) TUNNELS ...... 84 Jiang Su, Alan Bloodworth
A DIFFERENT VIEW ON TBM FACE EQUILIBRIUM IN PERMEABLE GROUND...... 94 Tiago Gerheim Souza Dias, Adam Bezuijen
APPLICATION OF ROCK MASS QUALITY RATING (RMQR) TO DESIGN OF SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR TUNNELS AND UNDERGROUND CAVERNS ...... 104 Ö. Aydan, R. Ulusay, M. Imazu
ASSESSMENT OF TBM GRIPPER PERFORMANCE IN THE BEDDED SEDIMENTARY ROCK OF SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA...... 114 David Oliveira
CHOICE OF PUMPING PRESSURE IN PRE-GROUTING IN SCANDINAVIAN TUNNELING PROJECTS ...... 124 Jalaeddin Y. Rafi, Fredrik Johansson, Hakan Stille
INTERACTION MODELS FOR MECHANIZED TUNNELING...... 135 G. Meschke
PERFORMANCE OF MACRO SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED TUNNEL LININGS ...... 146 Axel G. Nitschke, Ralf Winterberg
PRIMARY-SECONDARY LINING INTERACTIONS FOR COMPOSITE SPRAYED CONCRETE LINED TUNNELS USING SPRAYED WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE ...... 159 Jiang Su, Michal Uhrin
PROPOSAL OF THE TUNNEL FACE STABILITY INDEX (TFI) BASED ON THE CRITICAL SHEAR STRAIN THEORY ...... 169 Toru Sasaki, Shingo Morimoto, Masato Shinji
SFRC SEGMENTAL LINING DESIGN FOR A PRESSURISED TUNNEL ...... 175 Sotiris Psomas, Colin M Eddie
STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF COMPOSITE SHELL LININGS ...... 188 Johannes Jäger
DETAILED FIRE SAFETY DESIGN OF SUBWAYS FOR ARSON-INITIATED DESIGN FIRES...... 197 Baljinder Bassi, Mike Deevy, James Fletcher, Marc Morgan, Nishant Nayan, Sandeep Upadhya
A COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF THE FIRE PROTECTION IN THE FIELD OF ROAD TUNNELS ...... 207 Taher Elsamni, Takaya Takimoto, Takayoshi Otsuka, Ashraf Bou-Krisha
MECHANICAL VENTILATION OF UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION WORKS IN FRANCE...... 217 Chris Norris, Alain Mercusot, Patrick Oriez
VENTILATION AND SAFETY OF LONG AND DEEP TUNNELS—STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES...... 228 Marco Bettelini, Samuel Rigert
SWISS QUARTZ DUST GUIDELINE: A TOOL FOR MANAGING THE HEALTH RISK RELATED TO QUARTZ DUST IN EARLY PROJECT STAGES...... 238 Matthias Neuenschwander, John Singer, Ömer Ündül, Andreas Theiler, Markus Weh, Martin Vogel, Patrick Steinle, Diego Martini
EXPERIMENTAL QUANTIFICATION OF TUNNEL FIRE HEAT FLUX...... 248 Timothy Gibson, Timothy Shaw, Jurij Karlovsek, Richard Emberley, José L. Torero
VENTILATION CHALLENGES DURING CONSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY GALLERIES...... 260 Rainer Antretter
ECONOMICAL APPROACH TO ENGINEERING FIRE DURABILITY OF STRUCTURES...... 270 Taehyun Moon, Sean Cassady, Jason Liu, Sanja Zlatanic, Chris Devery
SPRAYED CONCRETE LINING FALLS AND EXCLUSION ZONE MANAGEMENT...... 280 Mike King, Adrian St. John, David Brown, John Comins
DO RAIL TUNNELS REQUIRE MECHANICAL VENTILATION FOR SMOKE MANAGEMENT? ...... 291 Lachlan Henderson, David Barber, Peter Johnson
HOW THE GLOBAL EXPERIENCE AND REACH OF TUNNELLING’S TRUE MULTI- NATIONALS HELPED SOLVE A DIFFICULT ROAD TUNNEL FIT-OUT CHALLENGE...... 300 Tim Brown, Simon Strong, Luis Ignacio Sanz Vivanco
HUMAN FACTORS IN THE DUTCH TUNNEL STANDARD ...... 313 Bart H. M. Hendrix, Patrick J. Maessen
I-70 EISENHOWER–JOHNSON MEMORIAL TUNNEL FIXED FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM PROJECT CASE HISTORY...... 323 James Carroll, Steve Rondinelli, Jason Miller, Raelene Shelly, Joe Silvestri
RAIL SYSTEMS APPROACH TO DESIGN FIRES...... 332 David Barber, Lachlan Henderson, Peter Johnson
STRUCTURAL FIRE PROTECTION TO NFPA 502: PERFORMANCE-BASED DESIGN AND ASSESSMENT OF PASSIVE AND ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS ...... 342 Mike Deevy, Miguel Fuentes-Llanos, Alberto Jaen-Toribio, Robinson Leon-Diaz, Raymond Blanchard
THE MOVE TO LED TUNNEL LIGHTING: LED TUNNEL LUMINAIRES ARE REPLACING TRADITIONAL TUNNEL LIGHTING FIXTURES...... 352 Michael N. Maltezos
TUNNEL SAFETY—COMMAND AND FIRE CODE OFFICIAL PERSPECTIVE...... 359 Gary English
TECHNICAL APPROACH TO LINING DESIGN FOR INTERNAL PRESSURE AND FAULT OFFSETS ON THE JWPCP EFFLUENT OUTFALL TUNNEL...... 368 Jan Van Greunen, Yiming Sun, Geoffrey Hughes, Roozbeh Geraili Mikola, Jon. Y. Kaneshiro, David Haug, Mark Vanderzee
SYNTHETIC-FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE SEGMENTAL LINING: LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING PROGRAM AND RESULTS...... 379 Donald C. Wotring, Michael G. Vitale, Douglas A. Gabriel
ADAPTION OF PROTECTIVE LININGS FOR SEWER TUNNELS TO PROJECT NEEDS ...... 389 Jörg Riechers, Albert Lueghamer, Gilles Recher
MONITORING MECHANISMS OF TUNNEL LINING SETTLEMENT USING INSTRUMENTED BOLTS AND CONVENTIONAL SURVEY METHOD: ASSESSING NEUTRAL AXIS OF LONGITUDINAL FLEXURE...... 398 Matthew Wilcock, Kenichi Soga, Peter Wright
HIGH PERFORMANCE GROUND PREDICTION AHEAD OF TBMS: THE NETTUN SYSTEM "TULIPS" ...... 408 Thomas Camus
THE LEE TUNNEL BECKTON LONDON: AN INNOVATIVE USE OF FRC FROM DESIGN TO CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 418 Benoit De Rivaz, John Greenhalgh
TUNNELING UNDER THE NORRIS CUT CHANNEL: WORLD FIRSTS TO OVERCOME THE ADVERSE GROUND OF MIAMI...... 428 Bernard Theron, Boris Caro Vargas
UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS FOR THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW TWIN TUNNEL “CALTANISSETTA”, ON HIGHWAY 640 IN SICILY, ITALY: PRACTICAL EXPERIENCE IN USING ø 15.08 M (50 FEET) DIAMETER E.P.B. MACHINE...... 437 Gian Luca Menchini, Pier Francesco Paglini, Pier Francesco Boschi
ISTANBUL STRAIT ROAD TUBE CROSSING: CHALLENGES, RISKS AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES...... 447 Nasri Munfah, Gordon Clark, Basar Arioglu, Sanja Zlatanic, Tolga Togan
CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS RELATED TO THE INTERACTION OF SOIL CONDITIONING AND MAIN DRIVE ON LARGE DIAMETER EPB TBM’S: A CASE HISTORY ...... 457 Jens Classen
IMPROVEMENT OF PRECAST CONCRETE SEGMENTAL LINING BY POST-TENSIONED STRANDS ...... 469 Behzad Khorshidi
INNOVATIVE SUPPORT OF CROSS-PASSAGE OPENINGS IN SEGMENTED LINER...... 478 Karel Rössler, Petr Vítek
RISK REDUCTION AND PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TBM ROBOTIZATION ...... 484 Salam Moubarak, Thomas Camus
USE OF TWO NOVEL HYBRID-TYPE “CROSSOVER” TBMS FOR HARD ROCK CONDITIONS WITH WATER INFLOWS ...... 494 Missy Isaman
RECENT TRENDS IN CONVENTIONAL TUNNELING (SEM/NATM) IN THE US ...... 505 Nasri Munfah, Vojtech Gall, Steffen Matthei
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOS LEONES STATION (LINE 6, SANTIAGO SUBWAY, CHILE)...... 515 Benjamín Celada, Jaime Adasme, Héctor González
UPGRADING OF CITY OF GENOA RAILWAY JUNCTION: UNDER-CROSSING WITH SHALLOW DISTANCE OF EXISTING TUNNELS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT...... 527 Andrea Pigorini, Ezio Pedone, Nicola Beltrandi, Holad Mohamed Dahir
THE NORSBORG METRO DEPOT: CASE STUDY OF A MODERN URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN STOCKHOLM...... 538 Hans Hogard, Jenny Alsén
AN INNOVATIVE METHOD OF LARGE SPACE UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION IN SOFT AND SHALLOW GROUND USING CONCRETE ARCH PRE-SUPPORTING SYSTEM, CAPS METHOD...... 548 Mohammad Hossein Sadaghiani
CONSTRUCTION OF EXPRESSWAY BRANCH JUNCTION STRUCTURE USING NON-CUT- AND-COVER ENLARGEMENT METHOD TO COMBINE TWO SHIELD TUNNELS IN SEDIMENTARY SOFT ROCK ...... 558 Kenji Namikawa, Yoshihiro Terashima, Takahiro Inoue, Junichi Koseki, Yukika Miyashita, Masashi Matsumoto
TECHNOLOGIES ON SEM TUNNELING IN HAZARDOUS MATERIAL-BEARING SOFT ROCK WITH SMALL OVERBURDEN...... 569 Takeshi Kudo, Akira Ishikuro, Masamichi Shintaku, Futoshi Kusumoto
THE EFFECT OF EXCAVATION PROGRESS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF HAKIM HIGHWAY TUNNEL USING GEOTECHNICAL INSTRUMENTATION...... 580 Majid Sadeghi, Seyed Mahdi Pourhashemi, Ali Naghi Dehghan, Kaveh Ahangari
THE HIRSCHHAGEN HIGHWAY TUNNEL (BAB 44) IN GERMANY: PRE-SUPPORT IN EXTREMELY DIFFICULT AND INHOMOGENEOUS GROUND CONDITIONS...... 591 Günther M. Volkmann
40 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IN THE USE OF UMBRELLA ARCH METHOD IN TUNNELING: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS ...... 601 Sebastiano Pelizza, Carlo Alessio, Georgios Kalamaras
CONVENTIONAL TUNNELING CHALLENGES IN THE HIMALAYAS: A CASE STUDY...... 611 Rakesh Kumar Khali, Sharanappa Yalal
NUMERICAL FEASIBILITY STUDY ON GROUND DEFORMATION CAUSED BY ENLARGEMENT OF SHALLOW BOX TUNNEL...... 622 Yohan Cha, Gye-Chun Cho, Eun-Soo Hong
PERFORMANCE OF REINFORCED RIBS OF SHOTCRETE (RRS) UNDER DIFFERENT STRESS REGIMES ...... 630 Panagiotis Chryssanthakis
PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENT OF IMMEDIATE RING CLOSURE METHOD FOR DIFFICULT GROUND CONDITIONS IN CONVENTIONAL TUNNELING ...... 640 Dohta Awaji, Nobuharu Isago, Atsushi Kusaka, Kosuke Kawata
TECHNICAL ISSUES AND NECESSARY DESIGN ADAPTATIONS DURING CONSTRUCTION OF CONCRETE PLUGS FOR HYDROCARBON UNDERGROUND STORAGES: PRESENTATION OF FOUR CASES OF DESIGN CHANGES IMPLEMENTED DURING CONSTRUCTION...... 650 Pascal Deschamps
UNDERGROUND CAR PARK IN THE ANCIENT “MORELLI” CAVERN IN NAPLES...... 660 Massimiliano Bringiotti, Aldo Bellone, Francesca Rossano
THEY WANT TO DIG A 100-FOOT HOLE IN FRONT OF MY HOUSE FOR TWO YEARS!...... 670 William P. Levy, Thomas Lindberg, Carlton M. Ray
TUNNELLING UNDER THE FRASER RIVER AT 6 BAR: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE PORT MANN MAIN WATER SUPPLY TUNNEL...... 682 Stephanie Robillard, Steve Skelhorn, Tim Langmaid, Allen Mitchell
PRESSURIZED FACE TUNNELING UNDER VERY HIGH GROUNDWATER HEADS...... 692 Steven W. Hunt
RELIABILITY OF SWELLING PRESSURE TESTING FOR TUNNEL SUPPORT EVALUATION...... 703 Bjørn Nilsen
EVALUATION OF GROUND IMPROVING MEASURES TO PREVENT TBM JAMMING IN SQUEEZING GROUND...... 713 Rohola Hasanpour, Jamal Rostami, Jürgen Schmitt
CONSTRUCTION PROGRESS OF THE OTTAWA LRT LINE: FROM EARLY DESIGN STAGES TO CURRENT CONSTRUCTION MILESTONES ...... 723 Franz Wilhelmstoetter, Christian Karner
COMPARISON BETWEEN SPRAYED AND CAST IN SITU CONCRETE SECONDARY LININGS AT BOND STREET AND FARRINGDON STATIONS...... 733 Edward Batty, Nathan Bond, Eleanor Kentish, Alan Skarda, Simon Webber
PIPELINE TUNNELING BY CONNECTING CONVENTIONAL AND TBM METHODS UNDER HIGH GROUNDWATER PRESSURE...... 743 Kazunori Jimbo, Jinya Mitsui, Kaoru Toya, Masafumi Matsumoto, Toshinori Tsuji, Tsunenori Shibata
TUNNEL EXCAVATION SOLUTION IN HIGHLY TECTONIZED ZONES: EXCAVATION THROUGH THE CONTACT BETWEEN TWO CONTINENTAL PLATES...... 753 Fuoco Stefano, Zurlo Raffaele, Marini David, Pigorini Andrea
BACK ANALYSIS OF HIGH TUNNEL CONVERGENCES IN CLAYEY MARLS ...... 763 Edoardo Misano, Fabiola Espinoza Carmona, Elena Chiriotti
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF THE MANHATTAN SOUTH STRUCTURES CONTRACT OF THE EAST SIDE ACCESS PROJECT...... 773 William Cao, Hamed Nejad, Alfredo Valdivia, Vincent Monaco
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR TOP-DOWN WALL CONSTRUCTION IN CARBONATE ROCK FOR OHIO RIVER BRIDGES—EAST END CROSSING TUNNELS...... 785 Eric C. Wang, Charles A. Stone, Wern-Ping Nick Chen
THE NEW CABLE WAY ON THE MONT BLANC IN ITALY: UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION AT HIGH ALTITUDES...... 796 Bragonzi Gianluca, Cancelli Paolo, Pelizza Sebastiano
INITIAL FILLING OF 15 KM LONG, 10.50 M DIAMETER VOLUMINOUS WATER CONDUCTOR SYSTEM CONSTRUCTED IN FRAGILE HIMALAYAN GEOLOGY...... 806 Rakesh Sehgal, Pushkar Verma, Mohit Sharma
VOLUME 2
MANAGEMENT OF OBSTRUCTIONS AND ADVERSE GROUND CONDITIONS: SCL TUNNEL WORKS ON CROSSRAIL C300/410...... 817 Olivia Perkins, Adrian St. John, Shawn Sismondi, Vicky Potts
TUNNELING SETTLEMENT EFFECT ON AN ESCALATOR SHAFT AT BOND STREET STATION UPGRADE...... 827 Anita Wu
THE CALTANISSETTA TWIN TUNNEL: SEGMENTAL LINING DESIGN AND EPBS TBM PERFORMANCE DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE 4KM-LONG Ø15.08M TUNNEL...... 838 Georgios Kalamaras, Mario Liti, Filippo Avesani, Sebastiano Pelizza, Ivano Andreis
EVALUATION AND CONSTRUCTION IMPACT OF A DEEP EXCAVATION FOR THE 73- STORY WILSHIRE GRAND TOWER ON THE EXISTING METRO RED LINE TUNNELS IN DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES...... 848 John Yao, Matthew R. Crow, Yiming Sun, John T. Waggoner, Roozbeh Geraili Mikola, Martin B. Hudson
EFFECTS OF TUNNEL EXCAVATION ON HISTORICAL BUILDINGS BY A FULLY COUPLED SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION 3D ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY FROM COPENHAGEN "CITYRINGEN" METRO LINE ...... 860 Alessandro Damiani, Luisa Alfieri, Spencer Cavagnet, Sergio Notarianni, Giorgio Fantauzzi
CONSTRUCTION OF AN UNDERPASS CROSSING IN PROXIMITY OF A RAILWAY TRACK ...... 873 Satoshi Honda, Toshinori Takahashi, Hiroyuki Itoi, Mitsuru Shimizu, Hirokazu Izumi, Motoaki Kurisu, Tatsuji Nagao
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF WINE CAVES ...... 883 Andrew Kositsky, Scott Lewis
TUNNEL DEFORMATION MODE AND LOADING MAGNITUDE DURING LARGE EARTHQUAKE ...... 893 Atsushi Kusaka, Kosuke Kawata, Nobuharu Isago
TUNNEL DEFORMATIONS CAUSED BY COMPENSATION GROUTING AT CROSSRAIL FARRINGDON STATION...... 902 Angelos Gakis, Thomas Schwind, Benedikt Grau
TIME-DEPENDENT DEFORMATIONS OF EXCAVATIONS AND TUNNELS IN THE GREATER TORONTO AREA ...... 912 Andrew Cushing, Jon Hurt, Joe Carvalho
ISTANBUL STRAIT ROAD TUNNEL PROJECT—SEISMIC JOINT AND PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION IN DOUBLE DECK TBM TUNNEL ...... 925 Jaeung Kim, Dongho Lee, Mehmet Öztürk, Jinmoo Lee, Taek-Kon Kim, Basar Arioglu
ASSESSING THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE EXCAVATION OF A LARGE CAVERN AND EXISTING TUNNELS IN THE ALPS ...... 935 Martino Semeraro, Edoardo Misano, Magali Schivre, Alain Bochon
3-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF EPB TBM OPERATION IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO PILE FOUNDATIONS...... 945 Mahmoud Sepehrmanesh, Verya Nasri, Maziar Partovi
BORED TUNNELLING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO BUILDINGS—SINGAPORE PRACTICES ...... 954 Teoh Yaw Poh, Qiao Yue Tung, Keat Chuan Chew
DYNAMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN RAILWAY TUNNELS AT MULTI-LEVELED TUNNEL INTERSECTION...... 964 Ho-Jong Kim, Kang-Hyun Kim, Jong-Ho Shin, Hoon-Ki Moon
LABORATORY TEST ON THE EFFECT OF RISK MITIGATION MEASURES AGAINST EARTHQUAKE FOR EXISTING ROCK TUNNEL ...... 972 Kosuke Kawata, Nobuharu Isago, Atsushi Kusaka
SEISMIC RESPONSE OF CYLINDRICAL TUNNEL WITH VOID BEHIND THE LINING BASED ON THREE-DIMENSIONAL ELASTODYNAMICS ...... 982 Naotoshi Yasuda, Kazuhiko Tsukada, Toshihiro Asakura
STRUCTURAL CONCEPTION OF AN UNDERCROSSING TUNNEL SUPPORTED BY PIPE CANOPIES: ANALYTICAL AND NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF A CASE STUDY ...... 991 Vinícius Resende Domingues, Bernardo Cascão Pires E Albuquerque, André Pacheco De Assis
STRUCTURAL IMPACTS TO TUNNELS DUE TO FLOODING...... 1000 Raymond Sandiford, Taehyun Moon
TUNNELING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO STRUCTURES IN DOWNTOWN LOS ANGELES ...... 1006 Hong Yang, Shawna Von Stockhausen, Kevin Huynh, Derek Penrice, Tung T. Vu
CHICAGO TARP MCCOOK MAIN TUNNEL: WORLD'S LARGEST LIVE TUNNEL CONNECTION IS UNDERWAY AT CHICAGO'S TUNNEL AND RESERVOIR PLAN (TARP)...... 1016 Faruk Oksuz, Miguel Sanchez, Mike Padilla, Dave Schiemann, Carmen Scalise, Matt Trotter
A NOVEL CONTINUOUS CONVEYOR SYSTEM AND ITS ROLE IN RECORD-SETTING RATES AT THE INDIANAPOLIS DEEP ROCK TUNNEL CONNECTOR ...... 1025 Dean Workman, Dan Martz, Stuart Lipofsky
DESIGNING AND BUILDING CSO TUNNELS IN MIDWESTERN GEOLOGY: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND STUDY OF PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND CONSTRUCTION METHODS...... 1032 Paul Smith, David Day, Matthew Anderson
SQUEEZING GROUND: CONDITIONS & LESSONS LEARNED AT THE NEW IRVINGTON TUNNEL ...... 1041 Adam M. Wirthlin, Rebecca Fusee, Rick Nolting, Yiming Sun, David Tsztoo
CONSTRUCTION OF HEADRACE TUNNEL OF UMA OYA WATER CONVEYANCE PROJECT, SRI LANKA...... 1051 Ataollah Rahbar, Jamal Rostami
EVALUATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF A RAISE BORING MACHINE IN PB-ZN UNDERGROUND MINE, BALYA, TURKEY...... 1062 Aydin Shaterpour Mamaghani, Tayfun Erdogan, Engin Dogan, Nuh Bilgin
SETTLEMENTS DUE TO BLASTING VIBRATIONS ...... 1072 Werner Bilfinger, Marcelo Waimberg, Claudio Nahas
THE DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF THE TARU-TOGE TUNNEL DURING BLASTING...... 1082 Ö. Aydan, M. Imazu, M. Soya
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION OF A FAULT ZONE USING A HORIZONTAL GEOTECHNICAL BORING ...... 1092 Greg Sanders, James G. Shaughnessy, Michael Gilbert
AVOIDING KARST BY GETTING UNDER IT: JEFFERSON BARRACKS TUNNEL, ST. LOUIS...... 1102 Patricia Pride, Jack Raymer, Kurt Bettger
OVERCOMING MASSIVE SQUEEZING GROUND UTILIZING CURVED TUNNEL FACE AND FULL-FACE EXCAVATION WITH EARLY RING CLOSURE...... 1110 Hiroyuki Tamaru, Kosuke Tanimura, Atsuyuki Kimura, Futoshi Kusumoto
PERCUSSION DRILLING AS FAST AND EFFICIENT INVESTIGATION IN CONSTRUCTION STAGE: A CASE STUDY FROM KORALM BASE TUNNEL, AUSTRIA...... 1120 Giorgio Höfer-öllinger, Peter Pointner, Manfred Stadlober
RECURSIVE REFINEMENT OF GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN FOR COPENHAGEN CITYRING METRO...... 1128 Nataša Katic, Carsten Bonde, Georgios Kafantaris
THE WIDENING OF THE “MONTEDOMINI” A14 MOTORWAY TUNNEL IN THE PRESENCE OF TRAFFIC...... 1138 Giuseppe Lunardi, Saverio Agresti, Donato Basta, Roberto Trapasso
NEW MAPPING TECHNOLOGIES FOR TUNNEL INSPECTIONS...... 1148 Bernhard Spoerr, Chris Laughton
A COMPARISON BETWEEN MONITORINGSOLUTIONS WITHIN SCL TUNNELS AT CROSSRAILFARRINGDON STATION...... 1158 Petr Salak, Angelos Gakis, Adrian St. John
EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR EXCAVATION DAMAGE CHARACTERIZATION ...... 1168 Jeroen Van Eldert, Henrik Ittner, Hakan Schunnesson, Daniel Johansson
NON-DESTRUCTIVE APPROACH FOR SHOTCRETE LINING STRENGTH MONITORING ...... 1178 Vishwajeet Ahuja, Benoit Jones
ROBOTIC APPLICATION OF A 50MM THICK SPRAYED CONCRETE FIREPROOFING LAYER ...... 1188 Edward Batty, Eleanor Kentish, Alan Skarda
SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF MAJOR LARGE-SCALE TUNNEL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE WITH XXL MACHINES ...... 1199 Karin Bäppler
AN ADVANCED SHAFT CONSTRUCTION METHOD TO INSTALL TEN VENTILATION SHAFTS, AS APPLIED IN THE NAPLES METRO PROJECT...... 1210 Vittorio Manassero, Filippo Cavuoto, Antonello De Risi
ISTANBUL STRAIT ROAD CROSSING TUNNEL: PROJECT CHALLENGES AND TBM SOLUTIONS...... 1220 Werner Burger, Ergin Arioglu
CRACK WIDTH REDUCTION IN REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS USING BARCHIP MACRO-SYNTHETIC FIBERS...... 1232 Erik S Bernard
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS OF PNEUMATICALLY APPLIED CONCRETE FINAL TUNNEL LININGS: RECENT EXPERIENCE AT THE EAST SIDE ACCESS (ESA) PROJECT IN NEW YORK...... 1242 Vojtech Gall, Andrew J. Thompson, Alfredo Valdivia, William Cao, Curt Cicileo, Jesus Schabib
EXPERIENCES WITH SPRAY APPLIED WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES: EXPERIENCES AND INVESTIGATIONS WITH A EVA BASED MEMBRANE IN A TUNNEL ENVIRONMENT ...... 1252 Frank Clement, Karl Gunnar Holter
LIFETIME OF POLYETHYLENE GEOMEMBRANES FOR WATER PROOFING OF TUNNELS ...... 1262 Markus Haager, David Nitsche, Márton Bredács, Andreas Frank, Gerald Pinter
THE FIRST ADOPTION OF SOIL CEMENT STEEL DIAPHRAGM WALLS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UNDERGROUND RAILWAY STATION ...... 1272 Yasuhiro Morimoto, Koji Nakanishi, Masayoshi Karasawa
TUNNEL LINING FOR DRILL AND BLAST TUNNELS ...... 1282 Björn Johansson
REDEFINING SETTLEMENT CONTROL INDUSTRY STANDARDS WITH MODERN MECHANIZED EPB TUNNELLING: EGLINTON CROSSTOWN LRT TUNNEL CASE STUDY ...... 1292 A. Solecki, A. Taghavi, I. Hassan
OBSERVED LOADING BEHAVIOR DURING CROSS PASSAGE CONSTRUCTION ...... 1302 John Kuyt, Michael Mooney, Michele Mangione, Zili Li
EVALUATION OF SETTLEMENT MONITORING OVER 6.75 MILES OF TUNNELING: UPDATING PREDICTION METHODS AND DESIGNING BETTER MONITORING PROGRAMS ...... 1312 Lynn Salvati, Colin Lavassar, Lynette Sla, Joel Theodore, Loic Galisson
A CASE HISTORY: CONVERGENCE IN A SHEAR ZONE AT DEVIL’S SLIDE...... 1322 Jeramy B. Decker, Paul H. Madsen
SAPROLITE TO HARD ROCK AND EVERYTHING IN BETWEEN: SEM TUNNELING THROUGH CORESTONE LADEN GROUND IN HONG KONG...... 1331 Seth Pollak, Hannes Lagger, Foteini Vasilikou, Gilles Cachia
UNDERPINNING AND INSTRUMENTATION: TEMPORARY STRUCTURES FOR CRITICAL SOLUTIONS...... 1344 Eric Prantil, Jon Isaacson, Frank Perrone
ASSESSMENT OF PROGRESSIVE FAILURE OF AN EXPANDED CONCRETE SEGMENTALLY LINED TUBE TUNNEL ...... 1354 Peter Wright, Andrew Thomson
EVALUATION OF ROCK MASS STIFFNESS AHEAD OF TUNNEL FACE BY SMALL DIAMETER INCLINOMETERS ...... 1365 Takuya Tani, Kazuo Saskai, Tomoyuki Aoki
USE OF SATELLITE RADAR INTERFEROMETRY (INSAR) TO MONITOR URBAN TUNNELING PROJECTS—REAL CASE APPLICATIONS ...... 1374 Loic Galisson
HOW GEODETICAL MEASUREMENTS HELP TO REDUCE COSTS AND RISKS IN TUNNELING...... 1384 Oliver Schneider, Martin Wehrli
MONITORING AND DATA MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES AT THE METRO PROJECT CITYRINGEN COPENHAGEN...... 1393 Klaus Chmelina, Klaus Rabensteiner
PERFORMANCE OF NATM HARD ROCK TUNNELLING FOR LARGE SPAN MINED TUNNEL UNDERNEATH CROSS HARBOUR TUNNEL ...... 1403 Conrad Ng, Peter Poon, Tim Leung, Lawrence Tsang
SURFACE SETTLEMENTS DUE TO A SHALLOW TUNNEL EXCAVATION IN SOFT GROUND: A CASE STUDY OF THE ZIZHI TUNNEL IN HANGZHOU, CHINA...... 1415 Penglu Gan, Yu Zhao, Xiaowu Tang, Jinjie Zou, Chenglang Pan
VICTORIA STATION UPGRADE: PROTECTION OF SENSITIVE STRUCTURES DURING TUNNELLING ...... 1426 Paul Pandrea, Robert Essler, Paul Marsden
PIPE JACKING BIG TIME!...... 1436 Klaus Rieker
PUSHING THE LIMITS OF SLURRY MICROTUNNELING AND DIRECT PIPE® IN NORTH AMERICA...... 1446 Gerhard Lang
SHALLOW MICROTUNNELING BELOW A CRITICAL RUNWAY...... 1456 Matthew Grzelak, David R. Chapman, Gulsah Erinc
DISASTER AVERTED AFTER MTBM/ACTIVE GAS MAIN COLLISION: UTILIZING CAPTIVATING CASE HISTORIES TO EDUCATE STAKEHOLDERS WITH REGARDS TO TUNNELING IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS...... 1467 Martin Dix, Rory P. A. Ball, Mark Briggs
MECHANIZED TUNNELLING DRIVING TORONTO’S BIG MOVE: EGLINTON- SCARBOROUGH CROSSTOWN TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION (ECLC1-15) ...... 1477 Jumpei Yamashita, Malcolm Sheehan, Osamu Nishikokura, Darrell Liebno
LESSONS LEARNED FROM EPB AND SLURRY TUNNELING IN GLACIALLY DEPOSITED SOILS IN SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, USA...... 1486 Gary Nishimura, Shinichi Konda
CROSSRAIL C310 THAMES TUNNEL—MIXSHIELD TBM TUNNELING IN ALTERNATING GROUND CONDITIONS WITH LOW OVERBURDEN ...... 1495 Andreas Rädle, Chris Ashton, Taner Aydogmus
TUNNELING WITH FULL FACE SHIELDED MACHINES: A STUDY ON THE BACKFILLING OF THE TAIL VOID ...... 1505 Ravi Shah, Daniele Peila, Augusto Lucarelli
PROPERTIES AND REQUIREMENTS OF TWO-COMPONENT GROUTS IN MECHANIZED TUNNELING...... 1515 Bou-Young Youn, Christoph Schulte-Schrepping, Rolf Breitenbücher
A MECHANIZED TUNNELLING INNOVATION—RING PIPE JACKING METHOD (RPJM)...... 1525 Zhi Liu, Yun Bai, Ang Cheng
EFFECTS OF COVER DEPTH ON GROUND MOVEMENTS INDUCED BY SHALLOW TUNNELLING ...... 1534 Minh Ngan Vu, Wout Broere, Johan Bosch
KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF LARGE RECTANGULAR PIPE JACKING MACHINE...... 1545 Yali Han, Lianhui Jia
SIMULATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES FOR MECHANIZED TUNNELING PROJECTS ...... 1555 Hannah Mattern, Markus Scheffer, Alena Conrads, Markus Thewes, Markus König
STABILIZING FLOWING SANDS ON THE MILLWOODS DOUBLE BARREL REPLACEMENT PROJECT: UNITING ACADEMIA AND THE "REAL WORLD" FROM FIELD TO LAB TO FIELD...... 1567 James J. Brady, Chadi El Mohtar, Kenneth L. Faught, Chaoshi Hu
DSU TBM FOR VISHNUGAD PIPALKOTI: TBM DESIGN DEVELOPMENT FOR LARGE DIAMETER ROCK TUNNELS UNDER THE HIGH COVERS OF THE HIMALAYA...... 1577 Remo Grandori
COMPARISON OF SHEAR ELEMENTS FOR CROSS PASSAGES IN TBM-TUNNELS ...... 1587 Benno Ring
JINHAE GEOJE SUBSEA TUNNEL TBM DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION ...... 1599 Dae Young Kim, Ebrahim Farrokh, Ki Chang Hyun, Jun Ho Lee
ENCAPSULATED OIL ADDITIVE APPLICATION IN EARTH PRESSURE BALANCED (EPB) TUNNELING – A CASE STUDY ...... 1609 Lisa Mori, Ehsan Alavi, Cliff Baratta, Timothy Dobbs, Bryce Sullivan
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF HIGH-CONCENTRATED LOADS EXERTED BY TBM HYDRAULIC JACKS ...... 1619 Antonio Conforti, Giuseppe Tiberti, Giovanni Plizzari, Sandro Moro
DCCR CASE STUDY ON GUIDELINES FOR ACHIEVING AN EXTENDED DESIGN LIFE IN CSO PROJECTS ...... 1629 Christopher Caruso, Zachary Spera, Thomas Hennings, Joel Kantola, Richard Stacy Kinchen, William Levy, Moussa Wone
VOLUME 3
120-YEAR DESIGN LIFETIME OF PLASTICS...... 1639 Stefan Lemke, Martin Eckl, Martin Londschien
THE PRACTICAL IMPORTANCE OF ACCOUNTING FOR LARGE DEFORMATIONS IN TUNNEL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN...... 1650 Apostolos Vrakas, Georgios Anagnostou
INFLUENCE OF FIBRES ON THE CREEP BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED SPRAYED CONCRETE ...... 1657 Catherine Larive, Damien Rogat, David Chamoley, André Regnard, Thibaut Pannetier
DESIGN OF INCLINED BRACELESS EXCAVATION SUPPORT WITH INCLINED BUTTRESS APPLICABLE TO DEEP EXCAVATION ...... 1667 Yoichi Shimada, Katsuyuki Nishida, Yasushi Okada, Sigehiko Sugie, Shinichi Takahashi, Taichi Terui, Kazunori Oshiro, Yohei Nakamichi
ANALYSIS OF TUNNEL GROUTING AND WATER PRESSURE TESTS IN RAMPUR HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT (412MW), SJVN LIMITED, INDIA...... 1677 Ashok Kumar Chadha, Ramesh Kumar Chauhan, Manwendra Pratap Singh, Umakant Sharma
ASSESSMENT OF LINING PERFORMANCE OF TUNNELS BUILT IN CEMENTED FINE- GRAINED STIFF SOILS ...... 1688 Juan Manuel Mayoral, Damián Vital, Daniel De La Rosa
CHALLENGES IN THE DESIGN OF SEGMENTALLY LINED TUNNELS FOR COMBINED SEWER OUTFALLS ...... 1698 Rodolfo D. Aradas, Juan M. Fernandez, Anthony Harding, Darío Tsingas
CROSSING FAULT ZONES: DETAILED ANALYSIS FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE REPOSITORY DESIGN...... 1708 Dániel Borbély, Tamás Megyeri, Vera Szánto, László Kovács
DESIGN OF A LARGE DIAMETER GALLERY FOR A NUCLEAR WASTE STORAGE PROJECT: APPLICATION TO THE FRENCH REPOSITORY PROJECTS (CIGEO) ...... 1718 Roland Plassart, François Laigle, François Martin
ENHANCEMENT OF SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS USING EMBOSSED MACRO-SYNTHETIC FIBERS ...... 1728 Erik S Bernard
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE STATIC SHEAR STIFFNESS OF AN IMMERSION JOINT...... 1743 Wenhao Xiao, Luc Taerwe, Yong Yuan
MINNE LUSA STORMWATER CONVEYANCE SEWER PROJECT – OMAHA, NE ...... 1753 Mahmood Khwaja, Daryl Poduska, Prakash Donde, Todd Wanless
SKEWED PORTAL APPROACH FOR STEEP SLOPES...... 1763 Darío Ángel Bulla, Leonardo Rosas Sánchez
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE SUPPORT FOR TUNNEL DESIGN CONSIDERING THE PERFORMANCE OF STEEL SETS...... 1773 Han-Kyu Yoo, Jung-Joo Kim, Jong-Uk Kim, Turab H. Jafri
TUNNELS FOR THE MURUM HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT: PRESSURE TUNNELS ...... 1781 Carlos A. Jaramillo, Seng Hing Ngu
UNDERGROUND SPACE FOR OIL MINING ...... 1789 Bill Zietlow, Mohamed Gamal
ADVANCED PLANNING FOR NORTHEAST OHIO REGIONAL SEWER DISTRICT’S CLEAN LAKE PROGRAM YIELDS COST SAVINGS AND REDUCES RISKS: A CASE STUDY IN BALANCING HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE AND TUNNEL ENGINEERING CHALLENGES ...... 1795 Kellie Rotunno, Doug Lopata, Tim O’Rourke, Kevin Vander Tuig, Dan Dobbels, Rick Vincent
PROCUREMENT, PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, RISK, AND FINANCING OF UNDERGROUND PROJECTS: CHANGING THE PARADIGM ...... 1805 Moussa Wone, David H. Corkum, Carlton M. Ray, William W. Edgerton
ISTANBUL STRAIT ROAD TUNNEL PROJECT – FROM CONCEPT TO OPERATION...... 1813 Basar Arioglu, Seok Jae Seo, Mustafa Tanriverdi
COMPARISON BETWEEN BORED TUNNEL AND IMMERSED TUNNEL OPTIONS DEVELOPED FOR THE SILVERTOWN TUNNEL BENEATH THE RIVER THAMES...... 1825 Jonathan Baber, Jason Saldanha, Andrew Evans
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN FOR THE LBNF FAR SITE CONVENTIONAL FACILITIES ...... 1835 Jon Hurt, Seth Pollak, Mark Havekost, James Schick, David Vardiman
GROUND INVESTIGATION AND TUNNEL DESIGN FOR THE LIANTANG/HEUNG YUEN WAI BOUNDARY CONTROL POINT AND ASSOCIATED WORKS...... 1848 Guy Bridges, Owen Ng, Elton Ko, Giovanni Chang, Robert Anderson, Cheng Ting Ning
THE 3D GEOLOGICAL MODEL OF THE KARAVANKE TUNNEL, USING LEAPFROG GEO ...... 1858 Tina Živec, Marko Žibert
RECENT SWEDISH STUDIES ON THE EXTENT OF BLAST DAMAGE AFTER EXCAVATION...... 1868 Henrik Ittner, Urban Åkeson, Rolf Christiansson, Mats Olsson, Daniel Johansson
LARGE-SCALE RENOVATION WORK TO IMPROVE OPERATION IN THE TOKYO SUBWAY NETWORK: PLANS TO IMPROVE TURN-BACK FACILITIES BETWEEN IIDABASHI STATION AND KUDANSHITA STATION ...... 1878 Yasushi Arai
A SHEAR-WAVE SEISMIC SYSTEM TO LOOK AHEAD OF A TUNNEL BORING MACHINE...... 1886 Pawan Bharadwaj, Guy Drijkoningen, Wim Mulder, Thomas Tscharner, Rob Jenneskens
ADVANCE EXPLORATION BY STOCHASTIC INVERSION OF TUNNEL SEISMIC WAVES: A NUMERICAL STUDY...... 1896 Luan T. Nguyen, Tamara Nestorovic
ARCHITECTURE IN A HIGH-TECH UNDERGROUND STRUCTURE DESIGN: NAPES EXPERIENCE...... 1907 Ignazio Carbone
BIM USE IN THE INFRASTRUCTURAL FIELD: THE CASE OF THE EXTENSION OF THE RAILWAY IN THE UNDERGROUND TRACK OF CATANIA, FROM THE CENTRAL STATION F.S. TO THE AIRPORT ...... 1917 Luca Schiavinato, Stefano Colombelli, Gabriele Eccher, Domenico Nave, Paolo Cucino, Nicola Bona
DURABILITY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES ...... 1926 Michael Joye, Pooyan Asadollahi, Praveen Krishna
EXPLORING THE BENEFITS OF ADDITIONAL CONVEYANCE TUNNELS FOR THE CHICAGO AREA’S COMBINED SEWER SYSTEM ...... 1936 Carmen Scalise, Kevin Fitzpatrick, Patrick Jensen
GOOD PROJECT MANAGER/BAD PROJECT MANAGER: A TRAINING DOCUMENT ...... 1946 James Wonneberg, William Edgerton
PREDICTING ANOMALOUS ZONE AHEAD OF TBM TUNNEL FACE UTILIZING ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY ...... 1955 Jinho Park, Kang-Hyun Lee, Byung-Kyu Kim, Seoung-Won Lee, In-Mo Lee
RIYADH METRO TBM CONSTRUCTION AND KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER ...... 1965 Anas Almousa, Henning Schwarz, Ade Ogunsola
SUBSURFACE INVESTIGATIONS AND PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS OF THE MONTREAL METRO BLUE LINE EXTENSION PROJECT...... 1975 Jean Habimana, Giovanni Osellame
THE MUSAIMEER OUTFALL TUNNEL: VENTURING INTO UNCHARTED TERRITORY OF SUB-SEA SABKHA DEPOSITS...... 1985 Ulf Georg Gwildis, Mohammad Reza Jafari, Mike Hall, Tim Kelly
URBAN TUNNELING IN SAN FRANCISCO: A REPLACEMENT FOR SEISMIC RESILIENCY AND REDUNDANCY ...... 1995 Manfred Wong, Art Hamid, Carlos Jaramillo, John Caulfield, Greg Raines
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SR-99 TBM RECOVERY SHAFT...... 2005 John Starcevich, Lance Rasband, Richard Hanke
INCLINED SHAFTS DRILLED BY A RAISE BORING MACHINE AND MGS MAGNETIC GUIDANCE EQUIPMENT—PARATRACK II...... 2014 Matteo Cortinovis, Giuseppe Gelmi
SLURRY WALLS, TIEBACKS, AND TIEDOWNS: MAXIMIZING THE EFFICIENCY OF UNDERGROUND STATION SPACE...... 2024 James Parkes
GROUND TREATMENT FOR RISK MITIGATION DURING TUNNELLING AT THE PORT OF MIAMI ...... 2035 Roger Storry, Donald Bruce, Arnaud Hochart
MEASUREMENT OF GROUT INJECTION PRESSURE IN SITU ...... 2045 Lloyd Tunbridge, Elisabeth Tønnesen
BREAKING THROUGH: SHAFT DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS FROM MIAMI’S NORRIS CUT PROJECT...... 2055 Boris Caro Vargas, Richard Giffen, Terrence Carroll
GROUND FREEZING TO REPAIR LEAKS IN A SLURRY WALL SHAFT...... 2069 Shawn P. Coughlin, Michael A. Schimmenti, Juan Leonardo Tello Del Pino
GROUND FREEZING FOR CONSTRUCTION AT THE PORT OF MIAMI TUNNEL ...... 2079 Roger Storry, Olivier Martin, David Harris, Arnaud Hochart
CONVENTIONAL EXCAVATION OF CONNECTING TUNNELS IN C13 METRO STATION (POLAND–WARSAW—LINE 2) ...... 2089 Massimiliano Bringiotti, Ferdinando De Angelis, Marco Aurelio Piangatelli
COMBINED GROUND FREEZING APPLICATION FOR THE EXCAVATION OF CONNECTION TUNNELS FOR CENTRUM NAUKI KOPERNIK STATION—WARSAW UNDERGROUND LINE II...... 2099 Achille Balossi Restelli, Elena Rovetto, Andrea Pettinaroli
METRO ROME LINE "C": ARTIFICIAL GROUND FREEZING APPLICATION FOR THE UNDERPASS OF THE EXISTING METRO STATION SAN GIOVANNI, LINE "A" ...... 2109 Alessandro Bertero, Ferruccio Cribari, Amerigo Tanzi, Salvatore Fancello, Tommaso Gondolini, Fabio Giannelli, Massimo Lodico, Mauro D’Angelo, Eliano Romani
MODELLING OF TUNNEL SETTLEMENT INDUCED BY TRAIN VIBRATION CONSIDERING DIFFERENT BOUNDARY PERMEABILITY CONDITIONS...... 2120 Qiang Huang, Hong-Wei Huang, Dong-Mei Zhang, Bin Ye, Feng Zhang
PERFORMANCE BENEFITS OF COLLOIDALLY MIXED TWO-COMPONENT GROUTS...... 2131 Philip Antunes, A. E. (Tony) Reschke
SPRAYED CONCRETE FOR FROZEN GROUND IN HONG KONG ...... 2139 Kenny Lo
THE DESIGN OF DEEP ROCK SHAFTS OF THE RONDOUT-WEST BRANCH BYPASS TUNNEL ...... 2149 Christopher E. Dianora, Matthew Sorrell, Eileen Test
RESOLVING DIFFICULT PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION TUNNELING PROBLEMS THROUGH THE CONDUCT OF INDUSTRY PEER REVIEWS ...... 2159 Martin P. Schroeder
RISK MANAGEMENT IN TUNNELING: A REVIEW OF CURRENT PRACTICES AND NEEDS FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT FROM THE DESIGNER’S PERSPECTIVE ...... 2167 Piergiorgio Grasso, Moreno Pescara, Luca Soldo
MULTIPHASE RISK MANAGEMENT METHOD (MRMM) AND ITS APPLICATION IN QUASI RECTANGLE SHIELD TUNNEL IN CHINA...... 2177 Ang Chen, Yun Bai, Yanfei Zhu, Gang Li, Xiangdong Hu
USE OF NUMERICAL MODELLING AND GIS TO ANALYSE AND SHARE THE RISKS RELATED TO URBAN TUNNELLING: GREATER PARIS - RED LINE - SOUTH SECTION...... 2187 Samy Mahdi, Fatima-Zahra Houmymid, Elena Chiriotti
RISK MANAGEMENT – CORRELATION AND DEPENDENCIES FOR PLANNING, DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ...... 2198 Philip Sander, A. Moergeli, John Reilly
RISK MANAGEMENT OF LONG AND DEEP TUNNELS—THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE ...... 2209 Yves Boissonnas, Marco Bettelini
RISK MANAGEMENT FOR SOFT GROUND TUNNELS IN NEW YORK...... 2219 Andy Thompson, Frank Perrone
AVOIDING DISPUTES ON CHALLENGING GROUND CONDITIONS IN THE LAKE MEAD INTAKE NO. 3 TBM STARTER TUNNEL ...... 2229 Jim Nickerson, Marcus Jensen, Erika Moonin
RISK SHARING PRINCIPLES IN TUNNEL CONTRACTS ...... 2238 Eivind Grøv
ROAD-TESTING THE ITA CONTRACTUAL PRACTICES CHECKLIST...... 2248 Alan Hodgkinson, David Caiden, Petros Fortsakis
CHALLENGES IN ADAPTING TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS TO ACTUAL GROUND CONDITIONS...... 2257 Lena Paar
CMAR DELIVERY METHOD ON THE LAKE MEAD INTAKE NO. 3 LOW LAKE LEVEL PUMPING STATION ...... 2265 Jordan Hoover, Erika Moonin, Chuck George
CONSIDERATIONS FOR A DISTRICT-LEVEL, TUNNEL-RISK, SCREENING TOOL...... 2272 Ehsan Moradabadi, Debra F. Laefer
DECISION ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE CONTRACTING STRATEGIES FOR TUNNEL PROJECTS: CONTRACTING STRATEGY CAN MAKE OR BREAK A PROJECT WHERE THE SUCCESS IS MEASURED WITH KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...... 2280 Cary Hirner, Faruk Oksuz, Ray Brainard
DEVELOPMENT AND EXECUTION OF A RISK TRANSFER STRATEGY FOR THE EGLINTON CROSSTOWN LRT...... 2290 Brian T. Hamilton, Cian Murphy, Richard Piliounis
EMPLOYING A UNIQUE PROCUREMENT PROCESS FOR THE CITY OF OTTAWA COMBINED SEWAGE STORAGE TUNNEL...... 2302 Gerald Bauer, Colin Goodwin, Steve Courtland, Randy Dempsey
MEGAPROJECTS: 50 YEARS, WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?...... 2312 John Reilly
PREDICTED RISKS VERSUS ACTUAL OUTCOMES: FOUR RECENT U.S. ROCK TUNNEL PROJECTS ...... 2326 Lee W. Abramson, Daniel McMaster, Andrew J. Thompson, Michael Vitale
QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ON SOUND TRANSIT UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS...... 2337 Mohammad Saleem, Indra Banerjee, Kevin Sapp, Jim Salley
SHOULD THE TBM OPERATORS BE CERTIFIED? ...... 2346 Dan Ifrim, Steve Skelhorn
TBM RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CONSIDERING PREDICTED GROUND CONDITION AHEAD OF TUNNEL FACE: METHODOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION...... 2356 Hee-Young Chung, Jeongjun Park, Seok-Won Lee, Hangseok Choi, In-Mo Lee
TUNNEL LOSSES: CAUSES, IMPACT, TRENDS AND RISK ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT ...... 2366 Thomas Konstantis, Spyridon Konstantis, Panagiotis Spyridis
RHEOLOGY OF FOAM-CONDITIONED SANDS IN EPB TUNNELING ...... 2377 Mario Galli, Markus Thewes
A MODEL TO PREDICT THE PERFORMANCE OF EPB-TBMS IN A COMPLEX GEOLOGY IN ISTANBUL...... 2387 Nuh Bilgin, Mucahit Namli, Hanifi Copur, Cemal Balci, Aydin Shaterpour Mamaghani
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION ALONG THE TBM BODY IN EPB TUNNELING...... 2397 Brian Hagan, Ehsan Alavi, Glen Frank, Michael A. Diponio, Lisa Mori, Michael Mooney
ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF WATERHEAD ON STABILITY OF EXCAVATION FACE OF SLURRY BALANCED SHIELD...... 2409 Zhong-Nian Yang, Quan-Wei Liu, Ming-Yi Zhang, Xiao-Ming Guan
SHIELD TUNNELING IN PURE SANDS: MERGING THE APPLICATION FIELDS OF EPB AND SLURRY SHIELD TECHNOLOGIES ...... 2421 Ulrich Maidl, Marc Comulada, Carlos Henrique Turolla Maia, Julio Claudio Di Dio Pierri
EARTH PRESSURE BALANCE TBM SOIL CONDITIONING: IT’S ABOUT THE PRESSURE...... 2433 Mike Mooney, Yuanli Wu, Lisa Mori, Rick Bearce, Minsu Cha
STUDY OF WEAR IN CONDITIONED GRANULAR SOIL BY USING A NEW TEST DEVICE...... 2445 Cristina Gabriela Oñate Salazar, Daniele Martinelli, Carmine Todaro, Daniele Peila, Alessandro Boscaro
VOLUME 4
PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION IN CLOGGING SOILS THROUGH PROCESS CONTROLLING...... 2455 Ulrich Maidl, Marc Comulada, Janosch Stascheit
TRANSIENT FACE SUPPORT IN SLURRY SHIELD TUNNELING DUE TO DIFFERENT TIME SCALES FOR EXCAVATION SEQUENCE OF CUTTING TOOLS AND PENETRATION TIME OF SUPPORT FLUID...... 2465 Markus Thewes, Britta Schoesser, Zdenek Zizka
AN EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS TO ESTIMATE THE SHEAR STRENGTH OF CONDITIONED SOIL FOR EPB...... 2475 Daniele Martinelli, Rodrigo Winderholler, Daniele Peila
ASSESSMENT OF EPB SOIL CONDITIONING ON TWO TBMS BY USING APPARENT DENSITY ...... 2482 Lisa Mori, Mike Mooney, Ehsan Alavi, Glen Frank, Michael Diponio
MICROSCOPIC AND EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRIBOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF TBM TOOLS ...... 2494 J. Küpferle, A. Röttger, W. Theisen, M. Alber
SOIL CONDITIONING IN DOHA METRO PROJECT—QATAR...... 2504 Andrea Picchio, Dal Negro Enrico, Boscaro Alessandro
THE INTERPLAY OF FACE SUPPORT PRESSURE AND SOIL PERMEABILITY ON FACE STABILITY IN EPB TUNNELING ...... 2514 Panagiotis Sitarenios, Dimitrios Litsas, Michael Kavvadas
USING LABORATORY TESTING FOR DESIGNING AN OPTIMUM FIELD GROUT FOR THE MILLWOODS DOUBLE BARREL REPLACEMENT PROJECT...... 2524 Chadi El Mohtar, James J. Brady, Ritika Sangroya, Hamza Jaffal, Wing Shun Kwan, Anna Kate Miller
NATIONAL TUNNEL INSPECTION PROGRAM: MANUAL FOR TUNNEL OPERATIONS, MAINTENANCE, INSPECTION, AND EVALUATION...... 2534 William Bergeson
OPTIC FIBER STRUCTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PAVONCELLI BIS HYDRAULIC TUNNEL ...... 2544 Gabriele Eccher, Michele Caponero, Roberto D’Angelis, Paolo Cucino
INSPECTION EQUIPMENT STUDY ON SUBWAY TUNNEL DEFECTS...... 2554 Yan Sun, Yadong Xue, Hongwei Huang, Fei Wang
INNOVATIVE REHABILITATION APPROACH FOR OVERSTRESSED EXISTING LININGS USING AN ADAPTABLE YIELDING SUPPORT SYSTEM...... 2563 Axel G. Nitschke, Wolfgang Dolsak, Vojtech Gall, Ingo Ossenbühl
HYDRAULIC ASSESSMENT AND REHABILITATION OF A DEEP STORMWATER TUNNEL...... 2574 Michael Haggerty, Brandon Barnes
UNEXPECTED POST-EXCAVATION DAMAGE TO A 28"-THICK SEGMENT LINING: FAILURE MECHANISM AND REHABILITATION MEASURES...... 2584 Jens Classen, Martino Gatti
REHABILITATION OF FARNWORTH TUNNELS: MODIFYING VICTORIAL TUNNELS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY ...... 2596 Eoin Murphy, Stephen Beauchamp, Steven Cowell
THE FOUR FATES OF THE 140-YEAR-OLD BALTIMORE AND POTOMAC TUNNEL ...... 2606 Kyle R. Ott, William A. Prosser Jr., Philip Rice
THE LIGHT AT THE END OF A 40 YEAR OLD TUNNEL: RETROFITTING OF AN EXISTING TUNNEL AS PART OF THE NEW SECOND AVE SUBWAY PROJECT, NEW YORK...... 2616 Michael Trabold, Richard Giffen, Pablo Lemus
ACCELERATING TUNNEL INSPECTIONS USING SCANNING TECHNOLOGY ...... 2626 Raymond E. Sandiford, Nasri Munfah
ALTERNATIVE STUDY OF REHABILITATION OPTIONS FOR HEROES TUNNEL: A NEW APPROACH ...... 2631 Mohammad R. Jafari, Larry Murphy, Sharat K. Kalluri, David M. Giel
DEVELOPMENT OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION METHOD FOR CONCRETE ELEMENTS IN TUNNEL LININGS USING REMOTE LASER SENSING...... 2641 Norikazu Misaki, Toshihiro Asakura, Naotoshi Yasuda, Yoshinori Shimada, Oleg Kotiaev, Masahiro Shinoda, Hiroaki Sakamoto
EFFICIENT LIGHTING FOR THE PRESIDIO PARKWAY TUNNELS...... 2648 Pierre Longtin
LIFE-CYCLE COSTING: AN ECONOMIC APPROACH TO EVALUATE THE OPERATIONAL EQUIPMENT OF TUNNELS ...... 2658 Hans Adden, Markus Thewes, Anne Lehan
STRUCTURAL RETROFITTING OF OLDER GERMAN ROAD TUNNELS—POSSIBILITIES TO FULFILL CURRENT REQUIREMENTS REGARDING STRUCTURAL FIRE PROTECTION ...... 2673 Ingo Kaundinya
VOID DETECTION BEHIND TUNNEL LINER UTILIZING GROUND PENETRATING RADAR ...... 2683 Tyler A. Dawson, Ryan P. Butler, Jason R. Edberg, Timothy Gualandri
TBM TECHNOLOGY FOR AN AUSTRALIAN COAL DRIFT: THE GROSVENOR PROJECT...... 2693 Enrico Dal Negro, Richard Schulkins, Robert Marks
HARD-ROCK TBM CUTTER LIFE EVALUATION: A CASE STUDY OF NS3 PROJECT MIXSHIELD TBM...... 2701 Ki Chang Hyun, Ebrahim Farrokh, Dae Young Kim, Sim Bo Kyung
DOUBLE DISC CUTTER CONSUMPTION OF AN EPB TBM IN TUZLA WASTEWATER TUNNEL ...... 2711 Utku Gumus, Ugur Altay, Ahmet Rüfai Bilgin, Ertan Bostanci, Hanifi Copur
AGED HARD ROCK TBM PROVES ITS VALUE FOR SECOND AVENUE SUBWAY PROJECT IN NEW YORK CITY ...... 2721 Taehong Kim, Changsoo (Kevin) Moon, Anil Parikh
SUBSEA TUNNELS SUPPLY WATER TO THE DRIEST PLACE ON EARTH...... 2733 Stephen O’Connell, Cary Hirner, Ross Webb, Dan Lopez
THE FOLLO LINE PROJECT: A LARGE PROJECT THAT INCLUDES A COMPLEX EXCAVATION OF THE LONGEST RAILWAY TUNNEL IN NORWAY ...... 2743 Anne Kathrine Kalager
LAKE MEAD INTAKE NO. 3: THE TBM TUNNELING EXPERIENCE...... 2752 R. Schuerch, P. Perazzelli, J. Nickerson, C. Cimiotti, G. Anagnostou
STUDY OF TBM PERFORMANCE PREDICTION USING ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION ...... 2762 Alireza Salimi, Christian Moormann, Jamal Rostami
MDC’S HARTFORD, CONNECTICUT SOUTH TUNNEL PROJECT: INTEGRATING SITE INVESTIGATION TECHNOLOGY, GEOLOGY AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING FOR EFFECTIVE GROUND CHARACTERIZATION ...... 2772 Robin Dill, Leo Martin, Wei Song, Andrew Perham
ANALYSIS OF TBM PERFORMANCE AND DISC CUTTER CONSUMPTION IN YINHANJIWEI WATER CONVEYANCE TUNNEL PROJECT...... 2784 Ya-Dong Xue, Zhen-Xing Diao, Feng Zhao
ASSESSMENT OF ROCK CUTTING EFFICIENCY BY TBM DISC CUTTER USING SPH/FE MODELLING...... 2797 Ho-Young Jeong, Seokwon Jeon
IMPACT OF CUTTER RING DESIGN ON TBM PERFORMANCE IN EXCEPTIONALLY HARD ROCK: CASE STUDY OF TBM TUNNELING IN HARD ROCK FORMATION IN UMA OYA PROJECT, SRI LANKA...... 2807 Ataollah Rahbar, Jamal Rostami, Jürgen Paulzen
NUMERICAL EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF GROUT BACKFILL STRATEGY FOR A SUBSURFACE GAS TUNNEL ...... 2818 Deepak Kandra, Davar Abi-Zadeh, Cillian Brown
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF TBMS USING A NEW GENERATION OF PORTABLE LINEAR ROCK CUTTING MACHINE PLCM ...... 2828 Cemal Balci, Ramazan Comakli, Can Polat, Deniz Tumac, Hanifi Copur, Nuh Bilgin
RIYADH METRO DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION: DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ON THE FAST TRACK ...... 2837 Henning Schwarz, Anas Almousa, Faisal Al Arifi
SPECIAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS USED FOR THE EXECUTION OF A HYDROTECHNICAL GALLERY EXCAVATED IN DIFFICULT GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ...... 2847 Alexandru Corneliu Stematiu, Catalin Popescu, Radu Sarghiuta
THE NEXT GENERATION OF TBMS AND CONVEYOR SYSTEMS FOR MINING APPLICATIONS...... 2857 Dennis Ofiara, Greg Watson
THE SHORTCUT: A SUBSEA RAIL TUNNEL BETWEEN SWEDEN AND GERMANY ...... 2869 Robert Sturk, Knut O Halvorsen
THE BRENNER BASE TUNNEL ...... 2878 Romed Insam, Michael Rehbock-Sander
THE PLANNING FOR ULTRA LONG SUBSEA TUNNEL PROJECT UNDER HIGH WATER PRESSURE ...... 2888 Seon-Hong Kim, Ki-Lim Kim, Eui-Joon Hong, Chan-Dong Kim, Young-Joon Lee, Jung-Hum Lee, Keon-Woong Jeong
DESIGN FOR THE BOLTED AND GASKETED SEGMENT LINING FOR THE BYPASS TUNNEL WITH HIGH HEAD CONDITIONS...... 2898 Paolo M. Brion, Z. Bade Sozer
ESPEJO DE TARAPACÁ: AN INNOVATIVE PUMPED HYDRO STORAGE FACILITY IN CHILE WITH MANY CHALLENGES FROM A ROCK MECHANICAL POINT OF VIEW...... 2908 T. Marcher, S. Bauer, C. Mathiesen, M. Allende
DIGGING TO THE BEACH: THE FINAL DESIGN OF THE JWPCP EFFLUENT OUTFALL TUNNEL PROJECT...... 2916 David Haug, D. Yankovich, J. Kaneshiro, G. Hughes
PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS BELOW THE SUEZ CANAL IN VERY SOFT SOIL CONDITIONS UNDER COMPLEX CIRCUMSTANCES...... 2926 Roland Trunk, Yves Boissonnas, Jan Vesely, Marcel Imbach
DESIGN OF THE UNDERGROUND STRUCTURES OF THE RAILWAY LINK BETWEEN THE TOWN OF THUMRAIT AND THE PORT OF SALALAH: SEGMENT 4C OF THE “OMAN NATIONAL RAILWAY PROJECT”...... 2936 Pedone Ezio Michele, Mohamed Dahir Holad
ADVANCED TECHNICAL STUDIES FOR TUNNEL ENLARGEMENT IN HONG KONG...... 2946 Roger Storry, Daniel Altier, Vincent Tricot
SEPARATING UNDERGROUND METRO LINES UNDER OPERATION IN BAKU...... 2956 Federico Valdemarin, Jan Cenek, Elena Chiriotti
TURNING GRAY INTO GREEN: EMPHASIZING THE SUSTAINABLE BENEFITS OF TUNNEL PROJECTS ...... 2966 Brian Gettinger, Alston Noronha, Jim Schlaman
SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION FOR THE OHIO RIVER BRIDGE EAST END CROSSING TUNNEL ...... 2977 Wern-Ping Nick Chen
THE CROSSRAIL EXPERIENCE...... 2988 Bill Tucker, Mike Black
COPENHAGEN CITYRINGEN PROJECT: URBAN MINING CHALLENGES IN CONTAMINATED GROUND...... 2998 Valerio Violo, Antonio Raschillà, Livia Cicinelli
SPOIL MANAGEMENT AT ALPTRANSIT CENERI BASE TUNNEL: KEY ELEMENTS FOR A SUCCESSFUL NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT...... 3008 Paolo Lanfranchi, Emanuele Catelli, Manuel Petitat, Paolo Vicentini
ON THE VIBRATION INDUCED BY SHIELD TUNNELING THROUGH GRAVEL FORMATIONS...... 3018 Keh-Jian Shou
HIGH QUALITY REBUILDS FOR ENSURING RESOURCE AND ECOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY IN TUNNELING...... 3027 Olivier Kraft, Olaf Kortz
PLANNING THE UNDERGROUND: HOW UNDERGROUND SOLUTIONS CAN INFORM CONTEMPORARY CITY URBAN DESIGN ...... 3037 Stefano Ceccotto, Eugenio Trussoni
CHALLENGES IN METRO CONSTRUCTION IN INDIA...... 3047 Paul Nicholas, Raju Gottumukkala
70-FOOT-DEEP SHEET PILE COFFERDAMS DRIVEN BY THE PRESS-IN PILING METHOD...... 3057 Lee Roesner, Takayuki Sakai, Takefumi Takuma
CARBON-EMISSION CALCULATION OF LARGE SHIELD TUNNELING—BASED ON DATA- MINING METHODOLOGY...... 3064 Xuehui Zhang, Huiming Wu, Qiaosong Li, Yun Bai
DC WATER FIRST STREET TUNNEL – INTEGRATED ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION...... 3074 Ravi Jain, Ivan Hee, Stephen Njoloma, Mina Shinouda
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ASPECTS OF CSO TUNNEL AND PUMP STATION SYSTEMS ...... 3084 Verya Nasri, James Sullivan, Alex Varas
NAPOLI UNDERGROUND...... 3095 Antonello De Risi, Paolo Prevedini
NEW SOLUTIONS APPLIED TO USUAL TUNNELLING OPERATIONS: CROSSRAIL C305 ...... 3105 Alejandro Sanz, Enrique Fernández, Juan Ares, Francisco González
REVIVING BURIAL IN TUNNELS ...... 3116 Arik Glazer
SOUND TRANSIT EAST LINK–DOWNTOWN BELLEVUE TUNNEL...... 3122 Derek Penrice, Jeff Schutt, Jerry Dorn, Joe Hachey
THE FIRST EPB TBM TUNNELING APPLICATION IN NEW YORK CITY AND ITS COMPLETION THROUGH SUPERSTORM SANDY...... 3135 Andrew Cho, Changsoo (Kevin) Moon, Richard Flanagan, Brian Larsen
THE SECOND METRO LINE IN WARSAW—LESSONS LEARNT ...... 3148 Monika Mitew-Czajewska, Anna Sieminska-Lewandowska
TBM OPERATION CHALLENGES AT DTL3 C931 PROJECT IN SINGAPORE...... 3158 Ebrahim Farrokh, Dae Young Kim, Bo Kyung Sim, Jae Won Lee
SOFT GROUND TUNNELING UNDER A MAJOR PROVINCIAL HIGHWAY IN ONTARIO: SHEPPARD EAST LRT, TORONTO ...... 3168 Hiva Mahdavi, Verya Nasri, Kevin Akbarpour
FROM BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING TO REAL-TIME SIMULATION IN MECHANIZED TUNNELING: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH APPLIED TO THE WEHRHAHN-LINE DUSSELDORF...... 3178 A. Alsahly, V. E. Gall, A. Marwan, J. Ninic, G. Meschke, A. Vonthron, M. König
PORT MANN MAIN WATER SUPPLY TUNNEL—GROUND FREEZING THE TBM FACE UNDER THE FRASER RIVER...... 3187 Joseph A. Sopko, Behzad Khorshidi, Brian McInnes
INFLUENCE OF EPB-TBM HEADING CONFINEMENT PRESSURE ON SURFACE SETTLEMENTS: COMPARISON BETWEEN 3D FE NUMERICAL PREDICTIONS AND IN SITU MEASUREMENTS ...... 3198 Jean-Pierre Janin, Pierre Renier, Anne Bergère, Hervé Le Bissonnais
EXPERIENCES GAINED IN HETEROGENEOUS GROUND CONDITIONS AT THE TWIN TUBE EPB SHIELD TUNNELS IN SAO PAULO METRO LINE 5 ...... 3208 Marc Comulada, Ulrich Maidl, Marco A. Peixoto Silva, Gustavo Aguiar, Argemiro Ferreira
IMPACT OF TUNNELING ON PILE STRUCTURES ABOVE THE TUNNEL: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A 1G REDUCED SCALE MODEL OF TBM...... 3219 J. Bel, D. Branque, H. Wong, G. Viggiani, N. Losacco
AN EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP FOR PREDICTING THE SURFACE SETTLEMENT DUE TO EPB-TBM EXCAVATION – CASE STUDY: MASHHAD METRO LINE 2...... 3230 Behnam Eslami, Aliakbar Golshani
COMPARISON BETWEEN CALCULATED AND ACTUAL FACE PRESSURES IN EPB TBMS— CASE STUDIES IN SEATTLE, WA ...... 3240 Ehsan Alavi, Glen Frank, Brian Hagan, Colin Lavassar, Lisa Mori, Derek Dugan, Rick Capka
EPB BYPASS AND HANGING OF 2.6 M DIA. SEWER UNDER LIVE FLOW CONDITIONS...... 3253 Jordan A. Schreiner, Matthew Geary, Stephen J. Marino
EVALUATION OF 3D FE PREDICTIONS OF GROUND MOVEMENTS CAUSED BY EPB TUNNELING IN STIFF CLAY ...... 3263 Vasiliki Founta, Andrew J. Whittle
TREATING PEAT-SOIL OVER SÃO PAULO METRO LINE 5: ENABLING 10.6M EPB SHIELD ADVANCE UNDER DRAINAGE GALLERY FOUNDATIONS...... 3272 Akira Koshima, José Ricardo Lopes, Alfredo Dacio Moraes Filho, Marco Gomes, Alaor Coelho Jr
Author Index