DOCSLIB.ORG

The Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Rocks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Rocks Property of the United States Government. Bulletin No. 305 Series B, Chemistry and Physics, 49 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR THE ANALYSIS OF SILICATE AND CARBONATE ROCKS BY W. F. HILLEBRAND WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1907 CONTENTS. Introduction........................................................... 11 Object and scope of the present treatise............................... 11 Acknowledgments........ ^............................. - r ............ 13 Silicate rock analysis.................................................... 14 Part I. Introduction................................................... 14 1. Importance of complete and thorough analyses ................... 14 2. The constituents occurring in silicate rocks...................... 20 3. The distribution and occurrence of certain minor constituents..... 21 4. Summation of analytical results and limits of allowable error...... 25 5. Statement of analyses......................................... 27 6. Time needed for making an analysis............................. 28 7. Useful appliances and apparatus............................... 28 A. Crucible tongs............................................ 28 B. Radiators for volatilizing liquids and solids.................. 29 C. Perforated disk for crucibles............................... 30 D. Weighing scoop or trough................................... 31 E. Colorimeters.............................................. 31 a. Survey form........................................... 31 b. Schreiner's form ........................................ 33 8. Preliminary qualitative analysis. ... J........................... 34 9. Quality of reagents....................'..........-.............. 34 Part II. Methods applicable to silicate rocks......'..................... 37 1. Introductory remarks .......................................... 37 2. Specific gravity (porosity)...................................... 38 General remarks.............................................. 38 A. By suspension in water................................... 39 a. Ordinary method for specific gravity.................... 39 b. Method for specific gravity and porosity combined........ 40 c. Penfield's method for specific gravity of minerals......... A42 B. Pycnometer method...................................... 42 a. Ordinary method... .\................................. 42 b. Refined method...................................... 43 C. Heavy solutions not suitable for rocks....................... 45 3. Preparation of sample for analysis............................ 45 A. Quantity of rock to be crushed ............................ 45 B. Crushing.................................................. 45 a. Survey methods...........'............................. 46 b. Washington's method ................................. 47 C. Grinding.................................................. 47 D. Weight of ground sample................................... 50 4. Water hygroscopic, zeolitic, crystal............................ 50 A. General considerations..................................... 50 a. Importance of employing air-dry powder for analysis...... 50 b. Temperature of drying................................. 50 c. Indirect methods ...................................... 51 d. Direct method......................................... 53 3 4. CONTENTS. Silicate rock analysis Continued. Page. Part II. Methods applicable to silicate rocks Continued. 4. Water hygroscopic, zeolitic, crystal Continued. A. General considerations Continued. e. Argument in favor of, including hygroscopic water in sum­ mation ........'.....................................- 53 f. Separate entry of hygroscopic and combined water....... 54 - g. Is all true hygr^copic water expelled at 100° ?........... 54 B: Apparatus for the direct determination of water at different temperatures............................................ 56 General precautions...............'....................... 56 a. Steiger's application of the toluene bath................. 56 b. Chatard's oven for temperatures up to 300° and over...... 57 5. Water total or combined....................................... 59 A. Arguments against "loss on ignition" method............... 59 B. Direct weighing of the water without the use of absorption tubes Penfield's methods........'....................... .59 a. For minerals easily deprived of their water............... 59 b. For minerals not easily deprived of their water............ 60 C. Direct weighing .of the water in absorption tubes ............. 61 a. Penfield's procedure................................... 61 b. Gooch's apparatus.................... f ................ 62 c. Merits of the above forms of apparatus.................... 66 d. Jannasch's methods.................................... 66 6. Silica, separation from alumina, etc............................ 68 A. Alternative methods of decomposing the rock................ 68 a. General considerations................................ 68 b. Decomposition of refractory silicates by hydrochloric acid under pressure....................................... 69 c. The boric-oxide method of Jannaschand TIeidenreich..... 70 a. Preparation of the boric oxide...................... 70 ft. Treatment of easily decomposable silicates ......... , 70 y. Treatment of refractory silicates.................... 70 8. Further treatment after fusion ...................... 71 e. Possible objections to the boric-oxide method ....... 71 d. The sodium-carbonate method .......................... 71 a. Advantages of sodium carbonate over sodium potas­ sium carbonate......................'............ 71 ft. Purity of the sodium carbonate..................... 72 y. The fusion with normal sodium carbonate ........... 72 S. Fusion with sodium bicarbonate .................... 74 £. Treatment after fusion............................. 74 B. Subsequent treatment.................................... 75 a. Separation of silica.................................... 75 a. Reasons for adoption of accepted procedure.......... 75 /3. Procedure in absence of notable amounts of fluorine.. 76 y. Procedure With rocks and minerals containing fluorine. 78 b. Ignition of silica....................................... 78 c. Correction for impurities in the silica.................... 79 d. Accuracy of the silica determination................... 79 e. Composition of the residue obtained from the silica....... 80 f. Platinum in filtrates.................................. 80 7. Metals precipitable by hydrogen sulphide ....................... 81 CONTENTS. 5 Silicate rock analysis Continued. Page. Part II. Methods applicable to silicate rocks Continued. 8. Aluminum total iron........................................... 81 A. Indirect method for aluminum (titanium)................... 81 a. Preliminary remarks.................................. 81 b. Precipitation of aluminum, iron, etc., without precipita­ ting manganese................................. 82 a. Precipitation by ammonia........................ 82 ft. The basic-acetate precipitation..................... 83 c. Precipitation of iron, aluminum, etc., together with manganese..................................... 85 a. By ammonia and ammonium persulphate ........... 85 P. By ammonia and ammonium sulphide.............. 86 d. Recovery of iron and aluminum from the filtrates........ 86 a. After an ammonia precipitation.................... 86 ft. After a basic acetate precipitation.................. 86 v. After precipitation by ammonia and ammonium persulphate ..................................... 87 e. Ignition of the precipitate of iron, aluminum, etc., oxides.. 87 f. Recovery of silica and possible barium in the alumina pre­ cipitate ............................:........... 88 a. Silica ........................................... 88 ft. Barium.......................................... 89 B. Determination of iron in the precipitate of alumina, etc...... 90 a. Without regard to the presence of vanadium............ 90 a. Reduction of the iron................................ 90 ft. Titration of the iron................'............... 91 . ;'. Further treatment of the solution after titration....... 92 b. Having regard to the presence of vanadium...;......... 92 c. Determination of the true value for ferric iron............. 93 ' C. Methods aiming at the more or less direct determination of aluminum......................................... 93 a. After first removing iron as sulphide .................... 93 b. By extraction with a fixed caustic alkali................ 94 c. Combination method after Dittrich..................... 95 d. Direct precipitation of aluminum by phenylhydrazine.... 95 9. Manganese, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc......................... 96 A. Difficulties in the way of a correct gravimetric determination of manganese...'........................................ 96 B. Precipitation of the group and separation of its constituents.. 97 a. The ammonium-sulphide method ...................... 97 a. Its advantages and disadvantages................... 97 ft. Precipitation by ammonium sulphide and separation of manganese and zinc from nickel, cobalt, and copper. 97 b. Manganese and zinc.................................... 98 . c. Nickel, cobalt, copper......... ^...................... 98 'C. Colorimetric determination of manganese .A ................ 99 a. Preliminary treatment ..............\................. 99 b. Colorimetric determination of manganese by ammon,Lum_.,'
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Vibrational Spectroscopic Study of the Silicate Mineral Harmotome Â
    Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 137 (2015) 70–74 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/saa A vibrational spectroscopic study of the silicate mineral harmotome – (Ba,Na,K)1-2(Si,Al)8O16Á6H2O – A natural zeolite ⇑ Ray L. Frost a, , Andrés López a, Lina Wang a,b, Antônio Wilson Romano c, Ricardo Scholz d a School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia b School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, No. 391, Bin Shui West Road, Xi Qing District, Tianjin, PR China c Geology Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil d Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil highlights graphical abstract We have studied the mineral harmotome (Ba,Na,K)1- 2(Si,Al)8O16Á6H2O. It is a natural zeolite. Raman and infrared bands are attributed to siloxane stretching and bending vibrations. A sharp infrared band at 3731 cmÀ1 is assigned to the OH stretching vibration of SiOH units. article info abstract Article history: The mineral harmotome (Ba,Na,K)1-2(Si,Al)8O16Á6H2O is a crystalline sodium calcium silicate which has Received 31 March 2014 the potential to be used in plaster boards and other industrial applications. It is a natural zeolite with cat- Received in revised form 7 July 2014 alytic potential. Raman bands at 1020 and 1102 cmÀ1 are assigned to the SiO stretching vibrations of Accepted 28 July 2014 three dimensional siloxane units.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytoplankton As Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate
    sustainability Review Phytoplankton as Key Mediators of the Biological Carbon Pump: Their Responses to a Changing Climate Samarpita Basu * ID and Katherine R. M. Mackey Earth System Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 January 2018; Accepted: 12 March 2018; Published: 19 March 2018 Abstract: The world’s oceans are a major sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The biological carbon pump plays a vital role in the net transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the oceans and then to the sediments, subsequently maintaining atmospheric CO2 at significantly lower levels than would be the case if it did not exist. The efficiency of the biological pump is a function of phytoplankton physiology and community structure, which are in turn governed by the physical and chemical conditions of the ocean. However, only a few studies have focused on the importance of phytoplankton community structure to the biological pump. Because global change is expected to influence carbon and nutrient availability, temperature and light (via stratification), an improved understanding of how phytoplankton community size structure will respond in the future is required to gain insight into the biological pump and the ability of the ocean to act as a long-term sink for atmospheric CO2. This review article aims to explore the potential impacts of predicted changes in global temperature and the carbonate system on phytoplankton cell size, species and elemental composition, so as to shed light on the ability of the biological pump to sequester carbon in the future ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Phosphate-Based Treatments for Conservation of Stone
    RILEM Technical Letters (2017) 2: 14‐19 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21809/rilemtechlett.2017.34 Phosphate‐based treatments for conservation of stone Enrico Sassoni a* a Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy Received: 30 May 2017 / Accepted: 09 August 2017 / Published online: 9 October 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is published with open access and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Abstract To overcome the limitations of currently available protectives and consolidants for carbonate stones (such as marble and limestone), in 2011 the use of calcium phosphate was proposed. The idea is forming calcium phosphates (ideally hydroxyapatite) as the reaction product between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt that the stone is treated with. In this paper, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (in terms of nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, reaction time, ionic and organic additions) are first briefly summarized. Then, the efficacy of the phosphate treatment in protecting marble from dissolution in rain and restoring cohesion of weathered marble and limestone is discussed. Some recent studies on the use of the phosphate treatment on alternative substrates and some future steps for research on the topic are finally outlined. Keywords: Cultural heritage; Marble; Hydroxyapatite; Protection; Consolidation 1 Introduction improve mechanical properties, by providing a binding action between the stone grains. Organic products are A great part of cultural heritage objects (e.g. monuments, effective in improving mechanical properties, but again architectural decorations and statues) is made of carbonate they lack compatibility and durability.
    [Show full text]
  • Carbonation and Decarbonation Reactions: Implications for Planetary Habitability K
    American Mineralogist, Volume 104, pages 1369–1380, 2019 Carbonation and decarbonation reactions: Implications for planetary habitability k E.M. STEWART1,*,†, JAY J. AGUE1, JOHN M. FERRY2, CRAIG M. SCHIFFRIES3, REN-BIAO TAO4, TERRY T. ISSON1,5, AND NOAH J. PLANAVSKY1 1Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8109, U.S.A. 2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, U.S.A. 3Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U.S.A. 4School of Earth and Space Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belt and Crustal Evolution, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 5School of Science, University of Waikato, 101-121 Durham Street, Tauranga 3110, New Zealand ABSTRACT The geologic carbon cycle plays a fundamental role in controlling Earth’s climate and habitability. For billions of years, stabilizing feedbacks inherent in the cycle have maintained a surface environ- ment that could sustain life. Carbonation/decarbonation reactions are the primary mechanisms for transferring carbon between the solid Earth and the ocean–atmosphere system. These processes can be broadly represented by the reaction: CaSiO3 (wollastonite) + CO2 (gas) ↔ CaCO3 (calcite) + SiO2 (quartz). This class of reactions is therefore critical to Earth’s past and future habitability. Here, we summarize their significance as part of the Deep Carbon Obsevatory’s “Earth in Five Reactions” project. In the forward direction, carbonation reactions like the one above describe silicate weathering and carbonate formation on Earth’s surface. Recent work aims to resolve the balance between silicate weathering in terrestrial and marine settings both in the modern Earth system and through Earth’s history.
    [Show full text]
  • Old Time Chemical Names
    Old Time Chemical Names 1080------------------------------------------------Sodium fluroacetate 2-Propanone-------------------------------------Acetone Absinthe-------------------------------------------Distillate of worm wood Abstinthium--------------------------------------Distillate of worm wood Acarcia gum-------------------------------------Gum arabic Acetaldehyde------------------------------------Acetic aldehyde Acetate of alumina-----------------------------Aluminium acetate Acetate of ammonia---------------------------Ammonium acetate Acetate of amyl---------------------------------Amyl acetate Acetate of baryta-------------------------------Barium acetate Acetate of cobalt-------------------------------Cobalt acetate Acetate of copper------------------------------Copper acetate Acetate of ethyl---------------------------------Ethyl acetate Acetate of iron----------------------------------Iron acetate Acetate of lead----------------------------------Lead acetate Acetate of lime----------------------------------Calcium acetate Acetate of manganese------------------------Manganous acetate Acetate of oxide of ethyl---------------------Ethyl acetate Acetate of potassa-----------------------------Potassium acetate Acetate of potassium--------------------------Potassium acetate Acetate of protoxide of Manganese-------Manganous acetate Acetate of soda---------------------------------Sodium acetate Acetate of zinc----------------------------------Zinc acetate Acetic aid basic bismuth---------------------Bismuth subacetate CH3COOBiO Acetic
    [Show full text]
  • Silicate Weathering in Anoxic Marine Sediment As a Requirement for Authigenic Carbonate Burial T
    Earth-Science Reviews 200 (2020) 102960 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Earth-Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Silicate weathering in anoxic marine sediment as a requirement for authigenic carbonate burial T Marta E. Torresa,*, Wei-Li Hongb, Evan A. Solomonc, Kitty Millikend, Ji-Hoon Kime, James C. Samplef, Barbara M.A. Teichertg, Klaus Wallmannh a College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331, USA b Geological Survey of Norway, Trondheim, Norway c School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA d Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78713, USA e Petroleum and Marine Research Division, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, South Korea f School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA g Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149 Münster, Germany h IFM-GEOMAR Leibniz Institute of Marine Sciences, Wischhofstrasse 1-3, 24148 Kiel, Germany ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: We emphasize the importance of marine silicate weathering (MSiW) reactions in anoxic sediment as funda- Silicate weathering mental in generating alkalinity and cations needed for carbonate precipitation and preservation along con- Authigenic carbonate tinental margins. We use a model that couples thermodynamics with aqueous geochemistry to show that the CO2 Organogenic dolomite released during methanogenesis results in a drop in pH to 6.0; unless these protons are buffered by MSiW, Alkalinity carbonate minerals will dissolve. We present data from two regions: the India passive margin and the active Carbon cycling subduction zone off Japan, where ash and/or rivers supply the reactive silicate phase, as reflected in strontium isotope data.
    [Show full text]
  • NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed of Via Sanitary Sewer Or Solid Waste
    NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste (+)-A-TOCOPHEROL ACID SUCCINATE (+,-)-VERAPAMIL, HYDROCHLORIDE 1-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE 1-AMINO-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID 1-BROMOOCTADECANE 1-CARBOXYNAPHTHALENE 1-DECENE 1-HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONE 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,5,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE 1-NONENE 1-TETRADECENE 1-THIO-B-D-GLUCOSE 1-TRIDECENE 1-UNDECENE 2-ACETAMIDO-1-AZIDO-1,2-DIDEOXY-B-D-GLYCOPYRANOSE 2-ACETAMIDOACRYLIC ACID 2-AMINO-4-CHLOROBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINO-2-(HYDROXY METHYL)-1,3-PROPONEDIOL 2-AMINOBENZOTHIAZOLE 2-AMINOIMIDAZOLE 2-AMINO-5-METHYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID 2-AMINOPURINE 2-ANILINOETHANOL 2-BUTENE-1,4-DIOL 2-CHLOROBENZYLALCOHOL 2-DEOXYCYTIDINE 5-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE 2-DEOXY-D-RIBOSE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 2'-DEOXYURIDINE 5'-MONOPHOSPHATE 2-HYDROETHYL ACETATE 2-HYDROXY-4-(METHYLTHIO)BUTYRIC ACID 2-METHYLFLUORENE 2-METHYL-2-THIOPSEUDOUREA SULFATE 2-MORPHOLINOETHANESULFONIC ACID 2-NAPHTHOIC ACID 2-OXYGLUTARIC ACID 2-PHENYLPROPIONIC ACID 2-PYRIDINEALDOXIME METHIODIDE 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 1 PART D 2-STEP CHEMISTRY STEP 2 PART A 2-THIOLHISTIDINE 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC ACID 2-THIOPHENECARBOXYLIC HYDRAZIDE 3-ACETYLINDOLE 3-AMINO-1,2,4-TRIAZINE 3-AMINO-L-TYROSINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE 3-CARBETHOXY-2-PIPERIDONE 3-CHLOROCYCLOBUTANONE SOLUTION 3-CHLORO-2-NITROBENZOIC ACID 3-(DIETHYLAMINO)-7-[[P-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PHENYL]AZO]-5-PHENAZINIUM CHLORIDE 3-HYDROXYTROSINE 1 9/26/2005 NON-HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS May Be Disposed Of Via Sanitary Sewer or Solid Waste 3-HYDROXYTYRAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE 3-METHYL-1-PHENYL-2-PYRAZOLIN-5-ONE
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Abietic Acid R Abrasive Silica for Polishing DR Acenaphthene M (LC
    1 abietic acid R abrasive silica for polishing DR acenaphthene M (LC) acenaphthene quinone R acenaphthylene R acetal (see 1,1-diethoxyethane) acetaldehyde M (FC) acetaldehyde-d (CH3CDO) R acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal CH acetaldoxime R acetamide M (LC) acetamidinium chloride R acetamidoacrylic acid 2- NB acetamidobenzaldehyde p- R acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride 4- R acetamidodeoxythioglucopyranose triacetate 2- -2- -1- -β-D- 3,4,6- AB acetamidomethylthiazole 2- -4- PB acetanilide M (LC) acetazolamide R acetdimethylamide see dimethylacetamide, N,N- acethydrazide R acetic acid M (solv) acetic anhydride M (FC) acetmethylamide see methylacetamide, N- acetoacetamide R acetoacetanilide R acetoacetic acid, lithium salt R acetobromoglucose -α-D- NB acetohydroxamic acid R acetoin R acetol (hydroxyacetone) R acetonaphthalide (α)R acetone M (solv) acetone ,A.R. M (solv) acetone-d6 RM acetone cyanohydrin R acetonedicarboxylic acid ,dimethyl ester R acetonedicarboxylic acid -1,3- R acetone dimethyl acetal see dimethoxypropane 2,2- acetonitrile M (solv) acetonitrile-d3 RM acetonylacetone see hexanedione 2,5- acetonylbenzylhydroxycoumarin (3-(α- -4- R acetophenone M (LC) acetophenone oxime R acetophenone trimethylsilyl enol ether see phenyltrimethylsilyl... acetoxyacetone (oxopropyl acetate 2-) R acetoxybenzoic acid 4- DS acetoxynaphthoic acid 6- -2- R 2 acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal R acetylacetone (pentanedione -2,4-) M (C) acetylbenzonitrile p- R acetylbiphenyl 4- see phenylacetophenone, p- acetyl bromide M (FC) acetylbromothiophene 2- -5-
    [Show full text]
  • Pp-03-25-New Dots.Qxd 10/23/02 2:38 PM Page 379
    pp-03-25-new dots.qxd 10/23/02 2:38 PM Page 379 HYDROGEN SULFIDE 379 HYDROGEN SULFIDE [7783-06-4] Formula: H2S; MW 34.08 Synonyms: sulfur hydride; sulfureted hydrogen Occurrence and Uses Hydrogen sulfide occurs in natural gas. It also is found in many sewer gases. It is a by-product of many industrial processes. Trace amounts of dis- solved H2S are found in wastewaters in equilibrium with dissolved sulfides and hydrosulfides. It also is found in volcanic eruptions, hot springs and in troposphere. The average concentration of H2S in the air is about 0.05 ppb. The most important applications of hydrogen sulfide involve the production of sodium sulfide and other inorganic sulfides. Hydrogen sulfide obtained as a by-product often is converted into sulfuric acid. It also is used in organic syn- thesis to make thiols or mercaptans. Other applications are in metallurgy for extracting nickel, copper, and cobalt as sulfides from their minerals; and in classical qualitative analytical methods for precipitation of many metals (see Reactions). It also is used in producing heavy water for nuclear reactors. Physical Properties Colorless gas; characteristic odor of rotten eggs; odor threshold 1ppm; sweetish taste; fumes in air; flammable gas, burns with a pale blue flame; refractive index at 589.3nm, 1.000644 at 0°C and 1 atm; density 1.539 g/L at 0°C; critical temperature 100.4°C; critical pressure 88.9 atm; liquefies at –60.7°C; solidifies at –85.5°C; velocity of sound 289 m/sec in H2S gas; slightly soluble in water (0.4% at 20°C); pH of a saturated aqueous solution 4.5; slight- ly acidic; diffusivity in water at 16°C, 1.77x105 cm2/sec; soluble in carbon disulfide, methanol, acetone; very soluble in N-methylpyrrolidinone and alka- nolamines (salt formation occurs: salt dissociates on heating); liquid H2S dis- solves sulfur and SO2.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Mgo Additive on Volumetric Expansion of Self-Degradable
    Effect of MgO Additive on Volumetric Expansion ofSelf-degradable Cements Prepared for The U.S. Department of Energy Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Geothermal Technologies Program 1000 Independence Avenue SW Washington, D.C. 20585 Prepared hy Toshifumi Sugama, John Warren, and Thomas Butcher Sustainable Energy Technologies Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton, NY 11973-5000 Septemher 2011 Notice: This manuscript has been authored by employee of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH t0886 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The publisher by accepting the manuscript for publication acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non.exclusjv~ paid-up, irrevocable, world·wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for the United States Government purposes. DISCLAIMER This work was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrothermal Synthesis of Molybdenum Based Oxides for The
    Hydrothermal synthesis of molybdenum based oxides for the application in catalysis Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (Dr. rer. nat.) Fakultät für Chemie und Biowissenschaften Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) - Universitätsbereich genehmigte DISSERTATION von Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Kirsten Schuh aus Mainz Dekan: Prof. Dr. Peter Roesky Referent: Prof. Dr. Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Anker Degn Jensen Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 17. April 2014 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements I owe many thanks to a lot of people who have helped, supported and encouraged me during my doctoral studies, not just scientifically but also personally. First I would like to thank my supervisor Prof. Dr. Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt for the opportunity to complete my doctoral studies in his group and for providing me with a very interesting and diversified topic. I am grateful for the scientific freedom he gave me, the possibility to spend several months at the Technical University of Denmark as well as University of Zurich and for the opportunity to attend international conferences. I am grateful to Dr. Wolfgang Kleist for his scientific help especially with presentations and publications making the manuscripts reader friendly. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Anker Degn Jensen for agreeing to be my co- supervisor, for very helpful corrections and suggestions of abstracts, manuscripts and presentations and for giving me the opportunity to spend four months in his group at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU), where I felt very welcome. I am especially grateful for the help of Dr. Martin Høj, who put the selective oxidation set- up at DTU into operation, tested several of my samples for selective oxidation of propylene and performed TEM measurements of my FSP samples.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,883,058 Wells Et Al
    USOO5883058A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,883,058 Wells et al. (45) Date of Patent: *Mar 16, 1999 54 HIGH LATHER STYLING SHAMPOOS 4,784,801 11/1988 Hoeffkes et al. ....................... 252/554 5,084.212 1/1992 Farris et al. ............................ 252/554 (75) Inventors: Robert Lee Wells, Cincinnati, Ohio; 5,104,642 4/1992 Wells et al. ..... ... 424/47 Jon Robert Behrens, Kobe, Japan 5,120,532 6/1992 Wells et al. ............ ... 424/70 5,310,508 5/1994 Subramanyam et al. ............... 252/549 73) Assignee: The Procter & Gamble Company, 5,391,368 2/1995 Gerstein ............................... 424/70.13 5,514,302 5/1996 Brown ..................................... 252/545 Cincinnati, Ohio 5,580,494 12/1996 Sandhu et al. .......................... 510/125 Notice: The term of this patent shall not extend FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS beyond the expiration date of Pat. No. 5,672.576. 0323715 12/1989 European Pat. Off.. Appl. No.: 520,631 Primary Examiner Paul Lieberman Assistant Examiner Necholas Ogden Filed: Aug. 29, 1995 Attorney, Agent, or Firm Joan B. Tucker; William J. Int. Cl." ................................................ C110 1/83 Winter; Tara M. Rosnell U.S. Cl. .......................... 510/127; 510/119,510/123; 57 ABSTRACT 510/125; 424/70.11; 424/70.24 The present invention relates to hair shampoo compositions Field of Search ..................................... 252/549, 550, which have improved cleansing, lathering, and Styling ben 252/551, 557; 510/119, 123,125, 127; efits=. These Shampoo compositions comprise an alkyl glyc 424/70.24, 70.11 eryl ether Sulfonate Surfactant, a hair Styling polymer, a 56) References Cited non-polar volatile Solvent, and water.
    [Show full text]