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JOHNSON-DISSERTATION-2020.Pdf (1.937Mb) Exploring the Self Efficacy of Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers Who Teach Food Science as a Science Credit by LaToya N. Johnson, B.S., M.Ed. A Dissertation In Family and Consumer Sciences Education Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved Karen L. Alexander, Ph.D. Chair of Committee Cynthia L. Miller, Ph.D. Weiwu Zhang, Ph.D. Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School May, 2020 Copyright 2020, LaToya N. Johnson Texas Tech University, LaToya N. Johnson, May 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS “Being confident of this, that he who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus.” ~ Philippians 1:6 (NIV). First, I would like to thank God for being with me and carrying me through this entire doctoral journey. None of what I have accomplished thus far would have been possible without me acknowledging your presence on a regular basis. I know beyond a shadow of a doubt that you heard my prayers, you listened to my prayers, and you answered my prayers. To Dr. Karen L. Alexander, there are not enough words to describe the tremendous impact you've had on my life. Just saying thank you is not enough. You gave me opportunities that I could not even fathom when I first began this program. The experiences that you provided me as a doctoral student has truly made me a better professional. You pushed me to limits I didn’t even know I had. You were encouraging when I needed you to be, and you were tough with me when I needed it. You truly saw the best in me even when my vision was somewhat cloudy. For everything that you’ve done for me, I will be forever grateful. To Dr. Weiwu Zhang and Dr. Cynthia Miller, thank you so much for accepting my request to serve on my committee. I know that at times it looked as if I would never finish, but you hung in there with me. Dr. Zhang, your knowledge on survey research is unmatched and I was very lucky to not only take your class, but also have you on my committee. Dr. Miller, you know why you are literally a superhero in my eyes. Your presence on my committee served as a reminder as to why I picked my research topic in the first place and why this will be my professional niche area. ii Texas Tech University, LaToya N. Johnson, May 2020 To Dr. Ethel G. Jones, Demetrius Chatman, and Gloria Pyles, thank you for believing in me and granting me full, financial support through Title III funding from South Carolina State University. I hope that each of you feel you have gotten more than a full return on your investment. To my parents, Wade Johnson Sr. & Peggy Johnson; my siblings, Wade Jr., Melanie, & Kniccoa; and finally, my nephew Alex, thank you for your encouragement and being there for me when I needed you the most. Each of you encouraged me in so many different ways and I could not ask for a better support system. I love all of you so much and hope that I’ve made you proud. To Uncle Joe, Aunt Chelsea, and my cousin Peyton, thank you for opening up your home to me once a week, from August - October, each time I had to meet with my statistics tutor. You made sure I had everything I needed and I will never forget how you made me feel right at home. To my South Carolina State University colleagues, thank you for your words of encouragement and support; asking me “is there anything I can do to help”, and making sure I left work in a timely manner so that I could focus on my writing. To “The Chicas”, thank you for letting me vent my frustrations; telling me, “girl, just write”; forcing me to remember that I need a good work/life balance, and understanding why I couldn’t go to certain events. I’m proud to call you ladies my true friends. Finally, to my fellow classmates from this doctoral program and the friends I made at Texas Tech, thank you for taking this journey with me. I truly think of you as my second family because you made the three years I lived in Lubbock so memorable. I was so blessed to meet each and everyone of you because you helped me to grow as a person. iii Texas Tech University, LaToya N. Johnson, May 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ ii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ x INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1 What is Family and Consumer Sciences ......................................................................... 1 Career and Technical Education ..................................................................................... 2 Food Science and the Connection to CTE ...................................................................... 2 Why FCS Teachers are Qualified to Teach Food Science .............................................. 3 Teaching and Self-Efficacy ............................................................................................. 4 Professional Development............................................................................................... 5 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................ 6 Lack of Confidence in Effectively Teaching Food Science ........................................ 6 Limited Professional Development Opportunities in Food Science ........................... 7 Purpose of the Study ....................................................................................................... 7 Research Questions ......................................................................................................... 8 Definition of Terms ......................................................................................................... 9 Assumptions .................................................................................................................. 12 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................................ 13 Family and Consumer Sciences as a Profession ........................................................... 13 The Origination of Family and Consumer Sciences ..................................................... 13 A Treatise on Domestic Economy. ............................................................................ 13 Ellen Swallow Richards............................................................................................. 14 The Lake Placid Conferences. ................................................................................... 19 The Name of the Profession Changes. ....................................................................... 24 Key Legislation ............................................................................................................. 25 Hatch Act of 1887...................................................................................................... 26 Second Morrill Act of 1890. ...................................................................................... 27 Smith-Lever Act of 1914 ........................................................................................... 27 Smith Hughes-Act of 1917 ........................................................................................ 28 Vocational Education Act (1963) .............................................................................. 29 iv Texas Tech University, LaToya N. Johnson, May 2020 Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act and Amendments .............................................................................................................. 31 Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act (1990) ........... 32 Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 ........... 33 Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (Perkins V) .................................................................................... 34 Family and Consumer Sciences and the Connection to Career and Technical Education ................................................................................... 35 Significance of CTE in the Classroom ...................................................................... 36 Career Clusters, Pathways, and Programs of Study (POS) ....................................... 37 CTE in Texas ............................................................................................................. 38 Theoretical Framework: Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory ........................................... 39 Albert Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory ..................................................................... 39 Performance Accomplishments ............................................................................. 40 Vicarious Experience ............................................................................................. 40 Verbal Persuasion .................................................................................................. 41 Emotional Arousal ................................................................................................. 41 Teacher Self-Efficacy ................................................................................................ 42 Educational Attainment
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