DOCSLIB.ORG

Thrips Species and Synonyms Thrips Species Mentioned in Text with Authorities, Synonyms and Common Names

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thrips Species and Synonyms Thrips Species Mentioned in Text with Authorities, Synonyms and Common Names THRIPS SPECIES AND SYNONYMS THRIPS SPECIES MENTIONED IN TEXT WITH AUTHORITIES, SYNONYMS AND COMMON NAMES Genera, Species and Synonyms Common Name Actinothrips Adiheterothripidae Adraneothrips decorus Hood Aeolothrips astutus Priesner Aeolothrips bicolor Hinds Aeolothrips brevicomis Bagnall Aeolothrips ericae Bagnall Aeolothrips Jasciatus (L.) Aeolothrips intennedius Bagnall Aeolothrips linarius Priesner Aeolothrips melaleucus Haliday Aeollhrips meridiana lis Priesner Aleurodothrips Allelothrips came rani (Bagnall) Allelothrips cincticomis Bagnall Allothrips Anactinothrips Anaphothrips obscurus (Muller) American grass thrips Andrewanhaia kellyana (Bagnall) Androthrips Apterothrips apteris (Daniel) Aprerygothrips Aptinothrips rufus (Gmelin) Grass thri ps Aptinothrips stylifer Trybom Grass thrips Arrhenorhrips ramakrishnae Hood Aurantothrips Bactrothrips brevitubus Takahashi Bactrothrips buffai (Karny) Bagnalliella yuccae (Hinds) Yucca thrips Bregmatothrips Caliothrips Jasciatus (Pergande) Bean thrips [Caliothrips jumipennis (Bagnall & Cameron) I "" Caliothrips impurus (Priesner) Caliothrips indicus (Bagnall) Caliothrips sudanensis (Bagnall & Cameron) Cottonleaf thrips Catinthrips vaccinophilus (Hood) 605 Genera, Species and Synonyms Common Name Ceratothripoides cameroni (Priesner) Ceratothrips ericae (Haliday) Heather thrips [Chaetanaphothrips clarus (Moulton)] == Chaetanaphothrips leeuweni (Karny) Chaetanaphothrips orchidii (Moulton) Chaetanaphothrips signipennis (Bagnall) Banana thrips Chirothrips ah Girault [Chirothrips hoodi lacot-Guillarmodl == Chirothrips ah Girault Chirothrips manicatus Haliday Timothy thrips Compsothrips Corynothrips stenopterus Williams Cassava thrips Cranothrips emersoni Girault Cryptothrips nigripes (Reuter) Cycadothrips chadwicki Mound Australian cycad thrips Dactuliothrips Dendrothrips Desmidothrips Desmothrips Dianhrothrips coffeae Williams Coffee thrips Dichromothrips corbetti (Priesner) Orchid thrips Dichromothrips phalaenopsidis Sakimura Orchid thrips Dichromothrips smithi (Zimmermann) Orchid thrips Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel Grape or Vine thrips Echinothrips americanus Morgan Elaphrothrips tuberculatus (Hood) Erotidothrips mirabilis Priesner Erythrothrips Euoplotrips Florithrips dilutus (Hood) Frankliniella bispinosa (Morgan) Frankliniella bondari Hood Frankliniella cephalica (Crawford) [Frankliniella damp.1i Priesner) == Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) Frankliniellajusca (Hinds) Tobacco thrips Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) Flower thrips Frankliniella kelliae Sakimura Frankliniella lilivora Kurosawa Frankliniella min uta (Moulton) Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Western flower thrips Frankliniella parvula Hood Banana flower thrips Frankliniella schultzei (Trybom) Common blossom or Cotton bud thrips Frankliniella tenuicomis (Uzel) 606 Genera, species and synonyms Common Name Frankliniella tritici (Fitch) Eastern flower thrips Frankliniella vaccinii Morgan Blueberry thrips Frankliniella williamsi Hood Franklinothrips mega lops (Trybom) Franklinothrips tenuicornis Hood Franklinothrips vespiJonnis Crawford Fulmekiola serrata (Kobus) Gnophothrips juscus (Morgan) Gynaikothrips fico rum (Marchal) Cuban laurel thrips Haplothrips aculeatus (Fabricus) Haplothrips chrysanthemi Priesner [Haplothrips faurei Hood] == Haplothrips kurdjumovi Karny [Haplothrips floricola Priesner] == Haplothrips kurdjumovi Karny Haplothrips gowdeyi (Franklin) Haplothrips hispanicus Priesner Haplothrips kurdjumovi Karny Haplothrips leucanthemi (Schrank) Haplothrips niger (Osborn) Haplothrips nigricornis (Bagnall) Haplothrips palaestinensis Priesner Haplothrips propinquus Bagnall Haplothrips sorghi Bagnall Haplothrips statices (Haliday) Haplothrips subtilissimus (Haliday) Haplothrips tritici (Kurdjumov) Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) Mullein thrips Hapiothrips victoriensis Bagnall Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis (Bouche) Greenhouse thrips Heliothrips sylvanus Faure Hercinothrips bicinctus (Bagnall) Smilax thrips Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter) Banded greenhouse or Sugar beet thrips Hoplandrothrips Hoplandrothrips marshalli Karny Hoplothrips karnyi (Hood) Hoplothrips pedicularius (Haliday) [Isoneurothrips australis Bagnall == Thrips australis (Bagnall) 607 Genera, species and synonyms Common Name Kakothrips pisivorus (Westwood) Pea thrips [Kakothrips robustus (Uzel)] Pea thrips == Kakothrips pisivorus (Westwood) Karnyothrips Leptothrips mali (Fitch) Black hunter Limolhrips cerealium Haliday Com or Grain thrips Limolhrips denricomis Haliday Barley thrips Liothrips mikaniae Priesner Liothrips oleae (Costa) Olive thrips Liothrips takahashii (Moulton) Liothrips vaneeckei Priesner Lily bulb thrips Megalurothrips Megalurothrips distalis (Karny) Megalurothrips sjostedli (Trybom) Bean flower thrips Megalurothrips usitatus (Bagnall) Melanrhrips arabs Priesner Melanrhrips juscus (Sulzer) Melanrhrips pallidior Priesner Merothrips sp. (brunneus Ward ?) Microcephalothrips abdominaUs (Crawford) Composite thrips Mycterothrips Mymarothrips [Neoheegeria verbasci (Osborn)] E Haplothrips verbasci (Osborn) Neohydatothrips gracilicomis Williams Neohydatothrips variabilis (Beach) Neurisothrips fullawayi (Moulton) Odontothrips kamyi Priesner Odontothrips loti (Haliday) Birdsfoot trefoil thrips Oncothrips habrus Mound Oncothrips lepperi Karny Orothrips Paraseolothrips priesneri Mound Panhenolhrips dr~eaenae (Heeger) Palm thrips Phlaeothrips eoriaeeus Haliday Plectrothrips eonicinus Priesner Podothrips hieolor Seshadri & Ananthakrishnan Pseudodendrothrips mori (Niwa) Pygmaeolhrips eharaetis Shumsher Sigh. Pygmaeothrips columnieeps Karny 608 Genera, Species and Synonyms Common Name Retithrips syriacus (Mayet) Castor thrips Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Hood Grapevine thrips Scirtothrips aurantii Faure South African citrus thrips Scirtothrips dtri (Moulton) Citrus thrips Scinothrips dorsalis Hood Assam or Chilie thrips Scinothrips spinosus Faure Scolothrips brevipilis Priesner Scolothrips hoodi Priesner Scolothrips longicornis Priesner Scolothrips pallidus (Beach) Scolothrips rhagebianus Priesner Scolothrips sexmaculatus (Pergande) Six-spotted thrips Selenothrips rubrocinctus (Giard) Cacao or Red-banded thrips Sericothrips bicornis (Karny) Sericothrips cingulatus Hinds Sericothrips langei Moulton Water lily thrips Sericothrips staphylinus Haliday [Sericothrips variabilis (Beach)] ... NeohydalOthrips variabilis (Beach) Sporothrips Stenchaetothrips biformis (Bagnall) Oriental rice thrips Stenothrips graminum Uzel Oats thrips Stichtothrips Stomatothrips Symphyothrips Synaptothrips disfinctus (Bagnall) SynaplOthrips gezinae (Faure) [Taeniothrips alliorum Priesner] ... Thrips alliorum (Priesner) [Taeniothrips annulatus (Karny)] ... Thrips annulatus (Karny) [Taeniothrips atratus (Haliday)] ... Thrips atratus Haliday [Taeniothrips discolor (Haliday)] ... Thrips discolor Haliday Taeniothrips eucharii (Whetzel) Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) Pear thrips Taeniothrips orion is Treherne [Taeniothrips meridionalis Priesner] ... Thrips meridionalis (Priesner) Taeniothrips picipes (Zetterstedt) [Taeniothrips rhopalantennalis Shumsher] ... Thrips flavus Schrank [Taeniothrips simplex (Morison)] Gladiolus thrips ... Thrips simplex (Morison) 609 Genera, Species and Synonyms Common Name [Taeniorhrips vaccinophilus Hood] == Catinathrips vaccinophilus (Hood) [Taeniothrips vulgatissimus (Haliday)) == Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday Thrips alliorum (Priesner) Thrips angusticeps Uzel Cabbage, Field or Flax thrips Thrips annulatus (Karny) Thrips atratus Haliday Thrips australis (Bagnall) Thrips calcaratus U zel Basswood thrips Thrips coloratus Schmutz Thrips discolor (Haliday) Thrips flavus Schrank Honeysuckle thrips Thrips florum Schmutz Thrips juscipennis Haliday Thrips hawaiiensis (Morgan) Thrips imaginis Bagnall Apple blossom or Plague thrips Thrips major Uzel Rose thrips Thrips meridionalis (Priesner) Thrips nigropilosus Uzel Chrysanthemum thrips Thrips obscuratus (Crawford) New Zealand flower thrips Thrips orientalis (Bagnall) Thrips palmi Karny Thrips parvispinus (Karny) Thrips physapus Linnaeus Dandelion thrips Thrips pusillus Bagnall [Thrips serratus Kobus] Cane thrips E Fulmekiola serrata (Kobus) Thrips setosus Moulton Thrips simplex (Morrison) Gladiolus thrips Thrips subnudula (Karny) Thrips tabaci Lindeman Onion or Potato thrips Thrips validus Uzel Thrips vulgatissimus Haliday Tiarothrips subramanii (Ramakrishna) Trichinothrips Varshneyia pasania (Mukaigawa) Veerabahuthrips Xylaplothrips Zaniothrips ricin; Bhatti 610 CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS LIST OF CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS Diann S. Achor David R. Alverson Citrus Research and Education Center Clemson University 700 Experiment Station Rd. Urban Entomology Laboratories Lake Alfred, FL 33850 USA Clemson, SC 29634 USA Tel: 813-956-1151 Tel: 803-656-3136 Fax: 813-956-4631 Fax: 803-656-5065 Renate Adamowicz Julio Enrique Amador University of Vermont Floramerica S.A. Entomology Research Laboratory Calle 93 No. 19-25 P.O. Box 53400 Bogota COLOMBIA Burlington, VT 05405-3400 USA Tel: 57-1-286-4900 Tel: 802-656-5440 Fax: 57-1-284-5976 Fax: 802-658-7710 Devina Amalin Alek Adamowicz University of Vermont University of Vermont Plant & Soil Science Department Entomology Research Laboratory Burlington, VT 05405 USA P.O. Box 53400 Tel: 802-656-2630 Burlington, VT 05405-3400 USA Fax: 802-656-4656 Tel: 802-656-5439 Fax: 802-658-7710 Eric Andersen Brooklyn Botanical Gardens, Corp. Rocco Addante 1000 Washington Ave. Instituto di Entomologia Agraria Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA Universita' degli Studi di Bari Tel: 718-622-4433 Via G. Amendola
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abundance of Frankliniella Schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Flowers on Major Vegetable Crops of South Florida Author(S): Garima Kakkar, Dakshina R
    Abundance of Frankliniella schultzei (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Flowers on Major Vegetable Crops of South Florida Author(s): Garima Kakkar, Dakshina R. Seal, Philip A. Stansly, Oscar E. Liburd and Vivek Kumar Source: Florida Entomologist, 95(2):468-475. 2012. Published By: Florida Entomological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.095.0231 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1653/024.095.0231 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. 468 Florida Entomologist 95(2) June 2012 ABUNDANCE OF FRANKLINIELLA SCHULTZEI (THYSANOPTERA: THRIPIDAE) IN FLOWERS ON MAJOR VEGETABLE CROPS OF SOUTH FLORIDA GARIMA KAKKAR1,*, DAKSHINA R. SEAL1, PHILIP A.
    [Show full text]
  • A De Novo Transcriptomics Approach Reveals Genes Involved in Thrips Tabaci Resistance to Spinosad
    insects Article A De Novo Transcriptomics Approach Reveals Genes Involved in Thrips Tabaci Resistance to Spinosad Ran Rosen, Galina Lebedev, Svetlana Kontsedalov, David Ben-Yakir and Murad Ghanim * Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (G.L.); [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (D.B.-Y.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Insect pest resistance to pesticides is a major problem that limits efficient manage- ment and thus decreases productivity for farmers and increases the use of harmful materials that contaminate the environment and endanger humans and beneficial organisms. A major approach for resistance management is understanding how insect pest field populations develop resistance at biological and molecular levels. In this manuscript, we studied the molecular and biological basis of resistance among tobacco thrips “onion thrips” resistant the susceptible populations to spinosad, a major insecticide that has been extensively used in recent years, by using de novo transcriptomics and bioassays. We found that resistance to spinosad can be metabolic by increasing the levels of detoxifying enzymes among the resistant population; however, resistant populations are more fecund compared to susceptible one, suggesting the lack of fitness cost of the resistance trait. Abstract: The onion thrip, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major polyphagous pest that attacks a wide range of economically important crops, especially Allium species. The thrip’s damage can result in yield loss of up to 60% in onions (Allium cepa). In the past few decades, thrip resistance to insecticides with various modes of actions have been documented.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella Occidentalis) Management on Ornamental Crops Grown in Greenhouses: Have We Reached an Impasse?
    ® Pest Technology ©2009 Global Science Books Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Management on Ornamental Crops Grown in Greenhouses: Have We Reached an Impasse? Raymond A. Cloyd* Kansas State University, Department of Entomology, Manhattan, KS 66506-4004 USA Correspondence : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Western flower thrips, Franklinella occidentalis (Pergande) is considered the most destructive insect pest of greenhouse-grown crops due to direct feeding damage to plant parts such as foliage and flowers, and indirect damage by vectoring the tospoviruses; impatiens necrotic spot and tomato spotted wilt virus. Furthermore, western flower thrips (WFT) is difficult to manage in greenhouse production systems due to a number of factors including broad range of ornamental plants fed upon, high female reproductive capacity, rapid life cycle (egg to adult), residence in cryptic habitats such as unopened terminal buds that protect them from exposure to contact insecticides, and resistance to various insecticide chemical classes. As such, the management of WFT involves a holistic or complex approach including the concurrent implementation of scouting, cultural, physical, insecticidal, and biological strategies. Due to the lack of new insecticides being introduced for control of WFT, it is important that greenhouse producers preserve the longevity of currently existing products by establishing rotation schemes based on different modes of action. In addition, greenhouse producers must utilize sanitation and biological control practices to avoid solely relying on insecticides. The advent of resistance among WFT populations worldwide has led to a general interest among greenhouse producers in adopting the use of biological control as a long-term strategy to deal with WFT, and still produce and sell a quality crop.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella Occidentalis [Pergande])1 Jeffrey D
    ENY-883 Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis [Pergande])1 Jeffrey D. Cluever, Hugh A. Smith, Joseph E. Funderburk, and Galen Frantz2 Introduction Taxonomy Many species of thrips can be found in Florida. These The order Thysanoptera consists of more than 5,000 species include adventive species like Frankliniella occidentalis, in two suborders, Tubulifera and Terebrantia. The suborder Frankliniella schultzei, Thrips palmi, and Scirtothrips Tubulifera has over 3,000 species in one family, Phlaeo- dorsalis. Native species include Frankliniella tritici and thripidae. The suborder Terebrantia consists of over 2,000 Frankliniella bispinosa. Frankliniella occidentalis is a pest species in seven families. Thripidae is the largest of these of several crops throughout Florida and the world and is families, with about 1,700 species. It includes genera such capable of causing economic loss (Fig. 1). as Scirtothrips, Thrips, and Frankliniella (Mound and Teulon 1995; Mound et al. 2009). Synonyms The original name for Frankliniella occidentalis was Euthrips occidentalis Pergande 1895 (Hoddle et al. 2012; GBIF 2014). This species has a high number of synonymies as a result of the variability that Frankliniella occidentalis has in structure and color in its native range. Some other synonyms are (CABI 2014): Euthrips helianthi Moulton 1911 Euthrips tritici var. californicus Moulton 1911 Figure 1. Western flower thrips adult. Frankliniella californica Moulton Credits: Lyle Buss Frankliniella tritici var. moultoni Hood 1914 1. This document is ENY-883, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date April 2015. Reviewed June 2018. Visit the EDIS website at http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Ecology of Frankliniella Occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Bacterial Symbionts
    INSECTÐSYMBIONT INTERACTIONS Distribution and Ecology of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Bacterial Symbionts 1 LISA J. CHANBUSARAKUM AND DIANE E. ULLMAN Department of Entomology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616 Environ. Entomol. 38(4): 1069Ð1077 (2009) Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ee/article/38/4/1069/493304 by guest on 27 September 2021 ABSTRACT Bacterial populations in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripi- dae) collected in diverse California environments consisted of two bacterial symbionts: BFo-1 and BFo-2 (B ϭ bacteria, Fo ϭ Frankliniella occidentalis, numbers reßect different types). Dual infections of BFo-1 and BFo-2 were found in 50% of the thrips, 18% had neither bacterium, and 24 and 8% were infected solely with BFo-1 and BFo-2, respectively. No other bacteria consistently infected F. occi- dentalis. Dual infections occurred more often in male thrips and in thrips of both sexes from southern mountain and valley sites. As average collection year or month minimum temperature decreased, infections of BFo-1, alone or in dual infections, increased signiÞcantly. As yearly precipitation increased, infection with BFo-1 alone also increased. F. occidentalis color morphology did not affect bacterial infection. BFo-1 created weak bioÞlms at 25 and 32ЊC; BFo-2 made strong bioÞlms at 25ЊC and no bioÞlms at 32ЊC. When the bacteria were grown in culture together, weak bioÞlms formed at both temperatures studied, although there was no way to determine what each bacterium contributed to the bioÞlm. BFo-1 and BFo-2 grew at similar rates at 25 and 30ЊC. Our data show BFo-1 and BFo-2 occur in natural populations of F.
    [Show full text]
  • Nematoda: Tylenchida: Allantonematidae)1 Danielle Sprague and Joe Funderburk2
    EENY681 Entomopathogenic Nematodes of Thrips Thripinema spp. (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Allantonematidae)1 Danielle Sprague and Joe Funderburk2 Introduction Several species of entomopathogenic nematodes in the genus Thripinema are known to naturally parasitize thrips (Thysanoptera). Thripinema fuscum Tipping and Nguyen is the most common species in Florida (Figure 1). Thripinema fuscum is economically important because it is a natural enemy of the insect pest, the tobacco thrips, Frankliniella fusca (Hinds). Taxonomy The first observation of parasitic nematodes of thrips was made by Uzel (1895) in Europe when an unnamed nema- tode was reported in the body cavity of Thrips physapus L. A nematode inhabiting bean thrips, Heliothrips fasciatus L., was reported in California by Russell (1912), but not described. The first description of parasitic nematodes of thrips was not made until 1932 by Sharga, who described the Figure 1. Thripinema fuscum, female. A) Infective female. B) Anterior nematode Tylenchus aptini from Aptinothrips rufus Gmelin region of infective female. C, D, F) Progressive enlargement of parasitic in England. Following that, Lysaught (1936) proposed the female. E) Gonad of infective female. Photograph from Tipping C, name Anguillulina aptini for this species (Tipping 1998). Nguyen KB, Funderburk JE, Smart GC. 1998. Thripinema fuscum n. sp. (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), a parasite of the tobacco thrips, In 1986, the genus Thripinema was erected by Siddiqi dur- Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera). Journal of Nematology 30: 232–236. Used with permission. ing a taxonomic revision of the species, Howardula (Mason and Heinz 2012). The genus revision included renaming the Currently, there are five species in the genus Thripinema: nematode species described by Sharga (1932) as Thripinema Thripinema aptini (Sharga 1932), Thripinema nicklewoodi aptini.
    [Show full text]
  • Wavelength-Specific Behavior of the Western Flower Thrips
    insects Article Wavelength-Specific Behavior of the Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis): Evidence for a Blue-Green Chromatic Mechanism Niklas Stukenberg 1,2 , Markus Pietruska 1, Axel Waldherr 1 and Rainer Meyhöfer 1,* 1 Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Section Phytomedicine—Applied Entomology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany; [email protected] (N.S.); [email protected] (M.P.); [email protected] (A.W.) 2 Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Agroecology and Organic Farming Group, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +49-511-762-3096 Received: 28 April 2020; Accepted: 5 July 2020; Published: 9 July 2020 Abstract: The western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) is a serious pest in horticulture, feeding on leaf tissue and floral resources. Blue and yellow sticky traps are commonly used for monitoring and control in greenhouses. The mechanisms underlying the color preferences are largely unknown. The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is a promising approach to increase the attractiveness of visual traps and to study the color choice behavior in insects. The color preferences of F. occidentalis were systematically investigated in a series of choice experiments with several LEDs from the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectral range. Blue LEDs were most attractive, followed by green, while only a moderate attractiveness of UV was observed. Blue and green were identified as two separate attractive ranges. When light from blue and green LEDs was mixed, the attractiveness decreased compared to its single components. In conclusion, F. occidentalis exhibits two different wavelength specific behaviors towards blue and green.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics of Thysanoptera, Pear Thrips and Other Economic Species
    SYSTEMATICS OF THYSANOPTERA, PEAR THRIPS AND OTHER ECONOMIC SPECIES Sueo Nakahara Systematic Entomology Laboratory U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Beltsville, Maryland USA Abstract The systematics of the Thysanoptera, and several economic species in the United States and Canada (North America) are discussed briefly. Morphological characters to distinguish the six families in North America and the following economic species, pear thrips (Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel)), basswood thrips (Thrips calcaratus Uzel), western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)), flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici (Fitch)), tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)), and onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) are discussed. Introduction The common name for the order Thysanoptera is thrips. Other common names that have been used are bladderfeet and woodlouse. There is also a genus Thrips, which is the oldest name in the order. In the United States and Canada (North America), there are about 700 described species of thrips. Mound & Houston (1987) estimate about 4,500 known species worldwide and probably another 4,500, mainly in the tropics, that have not been described. 42 Most thrips are tiny and barely visible. They usually are 1-2 mm long, the smallest are about 0.5 mm and the largest found in the tropics are about 14 mm (Lewis 1973). They are found in flowers and various parts of the plants, and often pupate or spend part of their life cycle in soil or ground litter. Thrips have elongate bodies, which are often slightly to strongly flatten dorso-ventrally (Figs. 1-2). Antennae are 4- to 9-segmented. The right mandible is vestigial and the left mandible is developed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diversity and Ecology of the Spider Communities of European Beech Canopy
    The diversity and ecology of the spider communities of European beech canopy Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Yu-Lung Hsieh geboren in Taipeh, Taiwan Würzburg 2011 In the vegetable as well as in the animal kingdom, the causes of the distribution of species are among the number of mysteries, which natural philosophy cannot reach… —Alexander von Humboldt Table of Contents I. General Introduction……………………………...………………………...…1 II. Effects of tree age on diversity and community structure of arboreal spider: implications for old-growth forest conservation…………………………….11 III. Underestimated spider diversity in a temperate beech forest……………33 IV. Seasonal dynamics of arboreal spider diversity in a temperate forest…….51 V. Neutral and niche theory jointly explain spider diversity within temperate forest canopies…………………………………………………………………69 VI. Biodiversity prediction by applying Verhulst Grey Model (GM 1,1)…....…85 VII. Summary and Outlook………………………………………………………93 VIII. Zusammenfassung und Ausblick……………………………………………99 IX. Acknowledgements………………………………………………………….105 X. Curriculum Vitae and Appendix…………………………………………..107 XI. Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung……………………………………….…………114 Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing that is the outcome of work done in collaboration. Chapter I General Introduction Canopy research and temperate forests Forests, coral reefs and soil contain the majority of the world’s known biodiversity (Connell 1978; Ozanne et al. 2003; Floren and Schmidl 2008), and as much as half of all the macroscopic life forms are believed to dwell in forest canopies, where they remain insufficiently investigated, or undiscovered entirely (Floren and Schmidl 2008). The study of canopy arthropod communities is a relatively young subfield of ecology, and it can be traced back to the study of the extremely diverse flora and fauna of tropical tree canopies in the late 1970s (Perry 1978; Erwin and Scott 1980; Stork and Hammond 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Western Flower Thrips, a Serious Pest of Floricultural Crops
    WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS, A SERIOUS PEST OF FLORICULTURAL CROPS Karen L. ~obb'and Michael P. Parrella Department of Entomology University of California Davis, California USA The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), has recently become one of the most serious pest problems facing the ornamental industry (Robb & Parrella 1988). It is polyphagous and has been collected from plants of almost every order of the Spermatophyta in California (Watson 1923, Bailey 1933, Bryan & Smith 1956). However, western flower thrips probably has a greater impact on ornamental crops than any other crop. It attacks essentially all floricultural crops and also transmits the tomato spotted wilt virus to numerous ornamental plants (Best 1968). Tomato spotted wilt virus, like western flower thrips, has a very broad host range, which includes numerous field crops, vegetables, weeds and ornamental crops (Best 1968). Tomato spotted wilt virus is only transmitted by a few thrips species; no other vectors have been identified. Western flower thrips is one species known to vector this virus and it is currently the primary vector associated with this disease in United States; on the East Coast (Da Graca et al. 19851, in the southern states (Barnes & Halliwell 1985, Greenhough et al. 19851, the western states and Hawaii (Allen et. al. 1983, Cho et al. 1987, Robb et al. 1988), as well as in Canada (Allen & Broadbent 1986, Broadbent et al. 1987). ' University of California Cooperative Extension, 5555 Overland Ave., Building 4, San Diego, Calif. 921 23. Damage thresholds for floricultural crops are very low or non- existent. This is especially true for pests such as the western flower thrips which attack the flower, the most important part of these aesthetic crops (Parrella & Jones 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Integrated Pest Management of Western Flower Thrips
    2014 Integrated Pest Management of Western Flower Thrips © Jeremy Granadillo Kryss Facun Sarmiento 3355535 Supervisor: Dr. Kirsten Leiss Examiner: Dr. A.C.M. van Wees 4/7/2014 2 | P a g e Abstract Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is one of the most serious pests in agri- and horticulture worldwide. It is a highly polyphagous insect causing direct damage by feeding on plant parts such as foliage and flowers. In addition, it is a major vector for several plant viruses which leads to indirect damage. IPM programme for F. occidentalis already exist but has not led to full control of this pest. The overuse of pesticides in ornamental crops due to low tolerance to damage and pests characteristics such as short generation time, high fecundity, and parthenogenesis has led to resistance development in F. occidentalis. Moreover, its thigmotactic and cryptic behaviour makes it hard to combat chemically. Strategies that are essential part of IPM are biological, chemical and cultural control. Biotechnological advancement has made it easier to detect resistant cultivars against F. occidentalis. Moreover, host plant resistance has shown promising use and can be combined with biological control to strengthen IPM. Chemicals are still unavoidable in the horticulture for example spinosad therefore alternative natural insecticide such as pyrethrins are being used. For biological control predatory mites, bugs and entomopathogens are used while for cultural control mechanical trapping and trap plants are used. In addition, plant volatiles are combined to use pull-push strategies and to increase the efficiency of mechanical practices. The best control would be to eventually use all tactics of IPM to combat F.
    [Show full text]
  • Thrips (Order: Thysanoptera; Family: Thripidae) Tobacco Thrips
    Thrips (Order: Thysanoptera; Family: Thripidae) Tobacco thrips (Frankliniella fusca (Hinds)) Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)) Flower thrips (Frankliniella tritici (Fitch)) Melon thrips (Thrips palmi (Karny)) Description: Western flower thrips. Adult: The adults are tiny insects, generally measuring only 1 to 2 mm in length. They have thin bodies and vary in color from near black to straw colored. Although some species are generally darker than others, color is not a good characteristic for identification. Adults have two pair of wings that consist primarily of fringe hairs. Mouthparts pierce plant tissues and remove plant sap, but are frequently described as rasping. Separation of species requires microscopic examination. Immature stages: Larval thrips are similar in body structure to adult thrips but lack well developed wings. Wing pads are visible on prepupae and pupae. Larval thrips are generally lighter colored than the adults and vary Tobacco thrips. from near white to tan to pink. Biology: Life cycle: The life cycle of thrips is greatly influenced by host plant, temperature, and diet. Females lay from 10 to over 100 eggs dependant on species and host plant. Flower thrips reproduction is greatly increased with pollen added to the diet. Eggs are placed into plant tissue and generally hatch in 3 to 5 days, but they can last 10 to 12 days under cold conditions. The two larval instars are the only feeding immature stages and last 3.6 to 12 days dependant on species and temperature. The prepupa and pupal stages generally occur in the soil and last 2.5 to 13 days. The life cycle from egg to adult is 2 to 3 weeks during favorable weather but can be greatly extended during the winter.
    [Show full text]