Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State-

PRE-FEASIBILITY REPORT

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Information Details Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Project name Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275

Length of the road 117.304 Km Location of Project Bangalore South, , , Maddur, Mandya, and Mysore Taluks of Bangalore Villages Urban, Ramanagara, Mandya and Mysore Districts traversing through 81 Villages., District : Bangalore Urban, Ramanagara, Mandya and Mysore Districts State : Karnataka No of working days 250 days Water demand 750 KLD Man Power 500 Nearest railway station Refer Annexure -II Nearest state Refer Annexure -II highway/national highway Nearest Air port Refer Annexure -II

2. INTRODUCTION OF THE PROJECT/ BACKGROUND INFORMATION Proposed project is the development and up gradation of existing 4-lane road to 6-lane with paved shoulders and Service road configuration of NH 275 between Bangalore and Mysore. The project corridor starts from the junction at Km 18 near Panchamukhi Temple junction in Bangalore south zone) and ends after Srirangapatna (Km 135.304) at Mysore Ring Road Junction (Columbia Asia Hospital). The total length of the highway upto Columbia Asia Hospital is 117.304 km.

2.1 Identification of Project and Project Proponent Proposed project is Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275. Proponent of the proposed project is National Highway Authority of .

2.2 Brief description of nature of the project The proposed project involves the Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

The total length is 117.304 km and ROW for the proposed project is 45 meters and 60 meters for elevated sections and at grade widening respectively and land for Toll Plazas, Underpasses and Overpasses. The land required for proposed widening / six-laning is about 47,96,374 square meters (1,73,011 square meters in Bangalore Urban; 22,14,874 square meters in Ramnagara; 23,37,808 square meters in Mandya; and 70,681 square meters in Mysore).

2.3 Need for the Project and Its Importance to the Country or Region: Roads are the key to the development of our economy. A good road network constitutes the basic infrastructure that propels the development process through connectivity and opening up the backward regions to trade and investment. However, despite their importance to the national economy, the road network in India is grossly inadequate. The existing network is unable to cope up with high traffic density. Roads are now recognized as an infrastructure critical to economic and industrial growth. India has one of the largest road networks in the world, aggregating to about 33 lakh km length of roads at present. The country’s road network consists of National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads and Village and Other District Roads. The National Highways comprises only 2% of the total length of roads, but carries over 40% of the total traffic across the length and breadth of the country. The development and maintenance of National Highways are the responsibility of the Central Government, whereas the State Government concerned is responsible for road other than National Highways.

The road network in Karnataka is extensive in terms of total. However, of the total road length of about 2, 09,871km, nearly 75 percent are village roads that are mostly narrow, unpaved mud tracks. About 6,466 km length or about 3 percent of the total network is of 2 or more lanes, which includes National Highways, State Highways, and Major District Roads; the rest are either single lane or intermediate lanes. Given the poor rail connectivity in Karnataka, road network is often the only linkage between the rural and urban economies of the State.

GoK has realized that it is necessary to expand and upgrade a well-defined core network of at least 40,000 km of NH, SH and MDRs in the State on a priority basis in order to retain Karnataka’s competitive edge in economic development. With the very high traffic growth witnessed in recent years, capacity constraints have developed on almost all existing roads which are now not only highly congested but are also subject to intensive wear and tear.

2.4 Demands-Supply Gap

In the past 5 years GoK has vigorously pursued improvement of road network in the State; 958 km of NH by NHAI, 2,414 km of SH by KSHIP, 970km of SH and 560 bridges by KRDCL and 1,000 km of SH and MDR by PWD besides 8,900 km of village connectivity roads under PMGSY have been completed. However, the pace of development is inadequate and GoK envisages faster development through mobilization of private sector resources on a large scale for the construction, operation and maintenance of roads. The vision of GoK is to

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

develop 25,000 km of core road network (SH, NH) and upgrade 35,000 km of feeder roads (MDR) and provide 1, 50,000 km of village connectivity roads by the year 2020.

2.5 Imports vs. Indigenous Production All the materials and machineries proposed to be used Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275 will be indigenous in origin.

2.6 Export Possibility The proposed project of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275 does not seek the export possibility.

2.7 Domestic/ Export Markets The Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275will cater domestic markets.

2.8 Employment Generation (Direct and indirect) due to the project The direct and indirect employment generation due Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275) approx 500 persons will be involved. Preference will be given to local workers.

3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3.1 Type of Project Including Interlinked and Interdependent Projects, If Any. The Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275 is not interlinked and interdependent. The project is rather independent and will set a precedent to the ancillary development.

3.2 Location The Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275 is passing through the four districts of Karnataka State i.e. Bangalore Urban, Ramanagara, Mandya & Mysore. Details of district, their respective taluks and villages are given in Table No.-1

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Table No-1: Details of Village/ settlements through with the widening / six-laning will take place

Name of the district Name of the taluk Name of the village

1. Kengeri 1. Bangalore South 2. Kambipura 1. Bangalore Urban (four villages) 3. Kumbalagodu 4. Kaniminike 1. Hejjala 2. Sheshagirihalli 3. Manchanaykanahalli 4. Lakshmisagara 5. Bheemenahalli 6. Vajarahalli 7. Kethiganahalli 8. Avaragere 9. Muddapurakare na Halli 10. Kenchanakuppe 11. Kallugopahalli 1. Ramanagara 12. Hulthar State Forest (twenty three villages) 13. Kempanahalli 14. Mayaganahalli 15. Madapura 16. Kethohalli 2. Ramanagara 17. Basavanapura 18. Vaderahalli 19. Hallimala 20. Jeegenahalli 21. Bilagumba 22. Keshavapura 23. Dodddamannugudde Forest 1. Kannamangala 2. Cholamaranahalli 3. Devarahosahalli 4. Rampura 2. Channapatna 5. Mangalavarapete (twelve Villages) 6. Maluru 7. Shettihalli 8. Mattikere 9. Mudigere 10. Mudigere Plantation

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Name of the district Name of the taluk Name of the village 11. Dabanugunda 12. Koluru 1. Nidaghatta 2. Madapurada doddi 3. Rudrakshipura 4. Theyluru 1. Maddur 5. Agralingangana doddi (Ten villages) 6. K. Kodihalli 7. Maddur 8. Mobbalagere 9. Goravanahalli 10. Gejjalagere 1. Halasagere 2. B. Gowdagere 3. Boodanuru 4. Ummadahalli 5. Sathanuru 6. Gopalapura 7. Mandya 8. B. Hosahalli 2. Mandya 3. Mandya 9. Holalu (Seventeen villages) 10. Panakanahalli 11. Kiraganduru 12. Induvalu 13. Sundahalli 14. Yaliyuru 15. Kalenahalli 16. Elechakanahalli 17. Ragimuddana halli 1. Siddapura 2. Gananguru 3. Gowdahalli 4. M.Shettihalli 3. Srirangapatna 5. K.Shettihalli (Ten Villages) 6. Kallikoppalu (B) 7. Kiranguru 8. Srirangapatna 9. B.Agrahara 10. Brahmapura 1. Mysore 1. Kalasthavadi 4. Mysore (Five Villages) 2. Naganahalli

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Name of the district Name of the taluk Name of the village 3. Siddalingapura 4. Kesare 5. Belavattha Total: Four Districts Total: Seven Taluks Total: Eighty One Villages

About 199 Nalas and drains, 24 canals, 4 ponds and 7 rivers considering both side of ROW the number of canal and nalas crossing ROW is given in Table No-2.

Table No-2: Number of Nala, Canal and River Crossing ROW Name of the Taluk S.No. Name of the district (Nala, Canal and River Crossing ROW) Bangalore Urban Bangalore South 1 (13 nalas/drains, 0 canal, 0 pond, 0 river) Ramanagara (31 nalas/drains, 2 canal, 2 pond, 1 river) 2 Ramanagara Channapatna (28 nalas/drains, 0 canal, 1 pond, 1 river) Maddur (17 nalas/drains, 6 canal, 1 pond, 1 river) Mandya 3 Mandya (66 nalas/drains, 8 canal, 1 pond, 0 river) Srirangapatna (29 nalas/drains, 5 canal, 0 pond, 4 river) Mysore 4 Mysore (15 nalas/drains, 3 canal, 0 pond, 0 river)

3.3 Details of alternate sites considered and the basis of selecting the proposed site, particularly the environment considerations gone into should be highlighted. Several alternatives, including provision of elevated corridor along existing road, were considered for alternate alignments for the major built-up areas and final bypass alignment was selected on the basis of: - Minimal demolition of existing structures. - Avoiding eco-sensitive areas. - Avoiding Archeological monuments. - Existing terrain and water bodies. - Alignment as per IRC specifications for road safety. - Minimum length of bypass so as to avoid land acquisition - Economic perspective.

There are five bypass proposed the environmental consideration proposed are as follows.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

1. Bypass- It starts from chainage No 29 and ends at chainage No 36 (7 Km approx.) towards right side of the existing highway, proposed to avoid built-up areas along existing road.

2. Ramnagara & Channapatna Bypass- It starts from chainage No 43 and ends chainage No 65 (22 Km approx.), towards right side of the existing highway, proposed to protect built-up areas along existing road in the silk city Ramanagara and toys city Channapatna.

3. Maddur Bypass - It starts from chainage No 75 and ends chainage No 79.3 (4.3 Km approx.), towards left side of the existing highway proposed to avoid the sharp curve at the existing bridge and built-up areas along existing road.

4. Mandya Bypass- It starts from chainage No 94.3 and ends chainage No 104.6 (10 Km approx.), towards right side of the existing highway proposed to protect the dense built-up areas of Mandya Town.

5. Srirangapatna Bypass- It starts from chainage No 122 and ends chainage No 130 (8 Km approx.), towards left side of the existing highway proposed to protect the historic town Srirangapatna.

Key Map showing the road alignment along with the proposed bypassess is attached as Annexure-III.

3.4 Size or magnitude of operation The proposed Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275 is passing through the four districts of Karnataka State i.e. Bangalore Urban, Ramanagara, Mandya & Mysore. The total length of proposed is 117.304 Km with 45 metres & 60 meters right of way (ROW). The total land required to be acquired is 47,96,374 square meters. The village wise details of land to be acquired for widening / six-laning are in Table-3

Table No-3: Village wise details of land to be acquired Area to be Name of the Name of the taluk Name of the village acquired (sq. district meters) 1. Kengeri 13,963 1. Bangalore South 24,495 1. Bangalore 2. Kambipura (four villages) Urban 50,548 3. Kumbalagodu 4. Kaniminike 84,005

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Area to be Name of the Name of the taluk Name of the village acquired (sq. district meters) Banglore Urban Total 1,73,011 2. Ramanagara 1. Ramanagara 1. Hejjala 24,571 (twenty three villages) 2. Sheshagirihalli 1,11,312

3. Manchanaykanahalli 51,899

4. Lakshmisagara 61,175

5. Bheemenahalli 2,731

6. Vajarahalli 42,437

7. Kethiganahalli 77,501

8. Avaragere 86,681 9. Muddapurakarena 10,551 Halli 10. Kenchanakuppe 1,18,934

11. Kallugopahalli 46,081

12. Hulthar State Forest --

13. Kempanahalli 12,942

14. Mayaganahalli 75,158

15. Madapura 31,230

16. Kethohalli 41,663

17. Basavanapura 84,497

18. Vaderahalli 66,827

19. Hallimala 82,235

20. Jeegenahalli 1,03,962

21. Bilagumba 1,96,896

22. Keshavapura 60,552 23. Dodddamannugudde -- Forest 2. Channapatna 1. Kannamangala 1,29,547 (twelve Villages) 2. Cholamaranahalli 35,651

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Area to be Name of the Name of the taluk Name of the village acquired (sq. district meters) 3. Devarahosahalli 1,37,181

4. Rampura 67,235

5. Mangalavarapete 1,23,950

6. Maluru 1,83,778

7. Shettihalli 11,659

8. Mattikere 27,412

9. Mudigere 30,884

10. Mudigere Plantation 23,032

11. Dabanugunda 32,997

12. Koluru 21,713

Ramnagara Total 22,14,874 1. Maddur 1. Maddur 1. Nidaghatta 80,948 (thirty seven (ten villages) villages) 2. Madapurada doddi 3,427

3. Rudrakshipura 98,460

4. Theyluru 17,683

5. Agralingangana doddi 78,432

6. K. Kodihalli 50,593

7. Maddur 1,16,269

8. Mobbalagere 27,746

9. Goravanahalli 7,675

10. Gejjalagere 93,642

2. Mandya 1. Halasagere 36,389 (seventeen villages) 2. B. Gowdagere 27,078

3. Boodanuru 93,318

4. Ummadahalli 45,827

5. Sathanuru 1,20,110

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Area to be Name of the Name of the taluk Name of the village acquired (sq. district meters) 6. Gopalapura 13,295

7. Mandya 2,68,314

8. B. Hosahalli 22,209

9. Holalu 44,490

10. Panakanahalli 48,875

11. Kiraganduru 43,820

12. Induvalu 78,004

13. Sundahalli 79,695

14. Yaliyuru 45,054

15. Kalenahalli 17,233

16. Elechakanahalli 73,952

17. Ragimuddana halli 29,109

2. Sriranga patna 1. Siddapura 32,812 (Ten Villages) 2. Gananguru 37,217

3. Gowdahalli 9,444

4. M.Shettihalli 62,193

5. K.Shettihalli 1,14,149

6. Kallikoppalu (B) 49,450

7. Kiranguru 42,006

8. Srirangapatna 1,71,734

9. B.Agrahara 64,409

10. Brahmapura 92,756

Mandya Total 23,37,808 4. Mysore 1. Mysore 1. Kalasthavadi 23,625 (Five Villages) 2. Naganahalli 9,329

3. Siddalingapura 16,640

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Area to be Name of the Name of the taluk Name of the village acquired (sq. district meters) 4. Kesare 14,304

5. Belavattha 6,783

Mysore Total 70,681 Total area to be 47,96,374 Total: Four Total: Seven Taluks acquired (square Districts meters)

3.5 Project description with process details

The proposed The proposed Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275 . The total length and ROW for the proposed project is 117.304 Km, 60 & 45 meters respectively. The land required for Improvement and Widening to six lanes is 47,96,374 square meters (1,73,011 square meters in Banglore urban; 22,14,874 square meters in Ramnagara; 23,37,808 square meters in Mandya; and 70,681 square meters in Mysore). The project also involves resettlement & rehabilitation and structures will be dismantled. The details of structural demolition are given in Annexure-IV.

3.6 Raw Material Required Along With Estimated Quantity, Likely Source, Marketing Area of Final Product/s, Mode of Transport of Raw Material and Finished Product. Main raw material required for this project is Earth, sand, cement, aggregates, bituminous & steel etc. Tentative quantity of these materials is as under:-

S .No Materials Approx. quantity 1 Earth 130,24,169 cubic meter 2 Sand 439,767 cubic meter 3 Cement (MT) 479,511 4 Aggregates 3,929,253 cubic meter 5 Bituminous 43,800 cubic meter 6 Steel (MT) 15,8,711

3.7 Resource Optimization/ Recycling and Reuse Recycling and re-use of materials where possible (e.g. metal, wood from hoardings, formwork) .The top soil will be reused for green belt development. Fly-ash will be used as per the possibility.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

3.8 Availability of Water, Its Source, Energy/ Power Requirement and Source The construction water requirement will be met from surface water bodies coming across the proposed highway. No ground water will be abstracted for construction, water supply will be met through surface water nearby river such as Arkavati, Kanva river, Shimsha river, Cauvery river after getting due permission from concerned authorities.

Electricity required for construction equipment will be provided by Diesel Generators. Labour camps will be provided with Kerosene /LPG as fuel sourced from Govt. authorized suppliers.

3.9 Quantity Of Wastes to be Generated (Liquid And Solid) and Scheme for their Management/ Disposal Proposed project involves generation of following type of solid wastes:- a) Vegetation and demolition waste from site clearance; b) Excavated materials from earthworks (e.g. cuttings, pile foundations); c) General construction waste (e.g. wood, scrap metal, concrete); d) Chemical wastes generated by general site practices (e.g. vehicle and plant maintenance/servicing); and e) Municipal wastes generated by site workers

Approx. 15,00,000 Cubic meter of solid waste is expected to be generated from the proposed project that includes overburden and soil aggregates.

4. SITE ANALYSIS 4.1 Connectivity: Proposed project is for conversion of four lane into six lane of NH-275. Connectivity details like nearest Railway station/Airport is given in Annexure-II.

4.2 Landform, Landuse and Land Ownership The major land for encountered with in study area is plain land mainly in the form of peneplain and pediplain

4.3 Topography The Banglore Urban district is physiographically, can be divided into rocky upland, plateau & flat topped hills at a general elevation of about 950amsl.The major part is sloping towards south and south east forming pediplains interspersed with hills all along the western part. The pediplains form the majority of the district underlain by granites and gneisses with the highest elevation of 850 to 950 m amsl. The pediplain constitute low relief area having matured dissected rolling topography with erosional land slope covered by a layer of red loamy soil of varied thickness. The pediplains is dissected by streamlets flowing in southern direction.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Geomorphologically the Ramanagara district can be divided into rocky upland, plateau and flat topped hills at an elevation of about 900 m amsl. The district with major part sloping towards south and south east forming pediplain interspersed with hills all along the western part with the elevation in the range of 996 m and 1467 m amsl mostly in the granitic terrain. The pediplain form major part of the district underlain by gneisses and granites with the highest pediplain in the range of 850 m to 950 m amsl. Rocky upland pediplain and plateau constitute erosional topography. Major part of pediplain constitutes low relief area having matured dissected rolling topography with erosional landscape covered by layers of red soil of varied thickness. Major parts of the pediplain are dissected by streamlets flowing in southerly direction. An alluvial valley with low relief of 600 – 650 m is located in Kanva plain. An isolated, flat-topped landform that stands distinctly above the adjacent land area and is bounded by steep slopes or cliffs; and is generally capped by erosion-resistant, nearly horizontal rock (often lava) called Mesas and buttes have been found near Ramnagara.

The is located in the southern maidan region of the state. The surface topography is in the form of undulating plain situated at an average elevation of 750- 900m amsl. There are few sporadic out crops of rocks as hills and few fertile shallow valleys. In the southeastern part of the district the Biligirirangana betta ranges extending from tapers off here. In this portion Cauvery river breaks through the hill ranges and forms the famous Gaganachukkiand and Barachukki waterfalls. The Melukote range of hills fallen a broken series of conspicuous peaks, which reach the altitude of 1159m amsl, 1064m amsl, 1050m amsl and 1046m amsl. The Hulikere-Kartigatta hill range near S.R.Patna and bold rugged low peaks near Sindhugatta are also conspicuous. The general slope in the district is in southeast direction.

Geomorphologically, the Mysore district is classified as denudational uplands with about 85 to 90% of the district falling in this category. The next important geomorphological unit is older flood plains mainly in the H.D Kote taluk and parts of Mysore taluk. Ridges and valleys form the third important unit and are mainly restricted to the Nanjangud and H.D Kote taluk and north western part of Mysore taluk. Flat valleys are not very common except for isolated appearances. The general elevation in the district ranges from 700-800 m amsl except for the denudational hills and ridges. However, the H.D Kote taluk in the southern parts of the district has higher elevation ranging from 2200-3150 m amsl. The Mullur betta with an elevation of 3150 m amsl falls in the area. The Hekkan betta (3732 m amsl) of the Naganpur Reserved Forest, the Shigebetta (3724 m amsl) of the Ainurmarigudi Reserved Forest and the Jainbaribetta (3231m amsl) of the Bedrampadi reserved forest mark the water divide making the southern boundary of H.D. Kote taluk and also of the district.

4.4 Existing Land Use Pattern and Shortest Distances from Forests, Water Bodies, Eco- Sensitive Areas, Etc. The land use on both sides of the project road was analyzed and found that the land is more of Agricultural land and built-up sections and at villages/town, it is densely populated with commercial shops and residential built up area.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Beside these developments, there are: • Industries and IT tech parks at Bidadi, Kengeri, Kumbalgod, Maddur, etc. • Hotels and Shops on either side of the Highway • Petrol outlets • Weighing stations • Elementary Schools, and Education Institutions all along the road in the built up areas • Religious structures (both small and medium size) on road side

Regarding shortest distances from Forests and water bodies refer Annexure-VI

4.5 Existing Infrastructure: Refer Annexure-II.

4.6 Soil Classification

In Banglore district the soils can be broadly grouped into red loamy soil and lateritic soil. Red loamy and sandy soils generally occur on hilly to undulating land slope on granite and gneissic terrain. The soils are light textured and are highly leached in nature with good infiltration rate. It is mainly seen in the eastern and southern parts of Bangalore north and south taluks. Laterite soils occur on undulating terrain forming plain to gently sloping topography of peninsular gneissic region. It is mainly covered in taluk and western parts of Bangalore North and south taluks. A major part of the Ramnagara district is occupied by red sandy soil (60%), and the remaining by red loamy soil. Red sandy soil mainly occurs in Channapatna, and Ramanagara taluks in undulating land slopes. These soils are derived from acidic rocks, granites and granitic gneiss. These soils occur on gently sloping pediplain. They are dark brown colour with loam to sandy loam composition on the surface and sandy clay loam to clayey soils in the sub surface horizons. They are neutral to alkaline in nature. Red loamy soils generally occur on hilly to undulating land slope on granite and granite gneisses. It is mainly covered in taluk and parts of Channapatna and Kanakapura taluks. The soil of Mandya district is derived from granites and gneisses interpreted with occasional patches of schist in SR Patna, Mandya and Pandavapura taluks. The soils range from red sandy loams to red clay loam very thin in ridges and higher elevations and comparatively thick in valley portions. The soils in Mandya, Malavalli, Maddur and Nagamangala taluks are thin gravelly and underlain with a murrum zone containing weathered rock. The soils are highly leached and poor in bases. The water holding capacity is low. On the othere hand the soil under the old channel areas of Malavalli, Pandavapura and S.R. Patna are high in clay. The infiltration rates of red loamy and red soils are 2 to 12 cm/ hr and 1 to 3 cm/ hr. The soil types of Mysore district are grouped in to three viz., the red sandy soils, red loamy soils and deep black soils. Almost entire district is covered by red sandy soil

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

except for small parts of T. Narapur taluk. The soils are having high permeability and are neutral with a pH of 7. The thickness of the soil varies from less than a meter to 6 m. North-eastern part of T. Narasipur taluk comprises of red loamy soil. It is characterized by clayey content mixed with sand. It is less permeable compare to the sandy soil. It is having good moisture holding capacity and is fertile. The thickness varies from less than a meter to 16 m. Deep Black soils occur in south-western part of T. Narasipur taluk in a small area. These soils are dark brown, dark greyish brown to very dark grey or black in colour. The texture is usually clayey throughout the profile. These soils are fertile and generally produce good yields. Adequate soil and water management practices and drainage facilities are essential to obtain sustainable yields; otherwise salinity and water logging conditions may develop. These soils need to be flushed once in 3-5 years with good quality water.

4.7 Climatic Data from Secondary Sources

The rainfall of the Banglore district is accounted by the Pre monsoon (PRE), SW monsoon (SWM) and NE monsoon (NEM). Majority of the rainfall is contributed by SW Monsoon. In general, humid to semi-arid climatic conditions prevail in the district. The average temperature is around 23.1˚C. The seasonal and annual normal rainfall of the four taluks of the district from the year 2001 to 2010 is considered for studying the rainfall pattern. The annual rainfall of Bangalore North taluk is the highest with 1157mm and lowest for Anekal taluk with 890mm. The rainfall of Banglore for year 2011 is depicted as follows.

The amount of rainfall is being measured from rain guage stations located in Ramnagara district. A study of the rainfall data from 2001 to 2010 from various rain gauge stations has shown that the amount of rainfall is relatively uniform throughout the district. The normal rainfall of the district is 854mm and varies from 822 mm at Kanakapura to 868 mm at Magadi. December to March represents very low rainfall months. The rainfall occurs in nearly 49 rainy days. The pre monsoon period has a normal of 345mm (35%),

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

SW monsoon period has 363 mm (37%) and the NE monsoon period receives 263mm (27%) rainfall. It is observed that there is not much variation in the distribution of rainfall during pre-monsoon, SW monsoon and NE monsoon periods. During the year 2011, the district received an average rainfall of 970mm. However it varies from a lowest 800 mm at Kanakapura to a highest 1130 mm at Magadi station. The Mandya district enjoys tropical to sub-tropical climate with temperatures ranging between 160 and 350 C. April is the hottest month and with the onset of southwest monsoon in June, the temperature drops considerably. December is the coldest month. The rainfall in the district is accounted by Pre monsoon (PRE) South west monsoon (SWM), northwest monsoon (NEM). The rainfall of Mandya for year 2011 is depicted as follows.

Mysore district receives an average rainfall of 776.7 mm. There are 53 rainy days in the district on an average and about 50% of the annual rainfall occurs during the southwest monsoon period (table 2.1). The rainfall generally decreases from west to east. The coefficient of variation is around 30% in the west to above 35% in the east, indicative of consistent rainfall in the west as compared to the east. The pre-monsoon rainfall is more consistent than the post-monsoon rainfall. The southwest monsoon had been normal from 1994 onwards till 1999, excessive during 2000 and deficient thereafter. The northwest monsoon is much better as being excessive to normal during the recent past. Over all on an annual basis, there are more normal rainfall years than excessive and deficient ones. While during 1997, 1999, 2000 and 2005, the district received excess rainfall, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003 and 2004, it received Normal except for 2006, during which the district received deficient rainfall.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

The rainfall of Mysore is depicted as follows.

4.8 Social Infrastructure Available Social infrastructure like railway, transportation facilities etc. are given in Annexure-II

5. PLANNING BRIEF

5.1 Planning Concept Upgradation of the existing National Highway 275 from 4 to 6 Lane with Paved Shoulders from Bangalore to Mysore with Bypass to major town’s in route.

5.2 Population projection The ROW passes within 81 villages of seven taluks of four districts in Karnataka. There are about 1,48,471 households and total population is 6,22,478 Individuals (3,11,794 male & 3,1,0684 female). The population details of the village falling with in ROW is given in Table No. 4

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

Table No. 4: Village wise population details within ROW

Total Census Number of Total Total Total Total Schedule Schedule Name of the village literate illiterate Non- Code households Population Male Female children cast tribe Worker

613025 1. Kengeri 482 1912 1013 899 272 283 85 1210 702 1092 613022 2. Kambipura 1507 7018 3663 3355 882 293 52 5349 1669 4096 613027 3. Kumbalagodu 602 2579 1290 1289 282 547 45 1761 818 1335 613020 4. Kaniminike 649 2408 1291 1117 293 283 85 1651 757 1256 626105 1. Hejjala 884 3483 1846 1637 459 475 41 2509 974 1825 626106 2. Sheshagirihalli 314 1282 665 617 142 418 11 868 414 751 626107 3. Manchanaykanahalli 424 1596 854 742 189 176 21 1114 482 857 626121 4. Lakshmisagara 41 187 92 95 11 29 5 128 59 101 626122 5. Bheemenahalli 56 266 137 129 46 17 4 171 95 163 625853 6. Vajarahalli 120 467 227 240 48 46 61 251 216 158 626119 7. Kethiganahalli 421 1730 900 830 225 212 7 1232 498 1002 626111 8. Avaragere 190 822 422 400 105 293 10 467 355 411 9. Muddapurakarena Halli

626118 10. Kenchanakuppe 841 3461 1791 1670 401 1287 86 2089 1372 1942 626117 11. Kallugopahalli 285 1184 608 576 132 703 24 694 490 643 626116 12. Hulthar State Forest 178 655 357 298 123 160 104 197 458 259 626095 13. Kempanahalli 255 1009 524 485 107 396 0 549 460 512 626094 14. Mayaganahalli 379 1623 845 778 160 354 2 1161 462 962 626092 15. Madapura 301 1286 669 617 127 310 23 786 500 671 626091 16. Kethohalli 603 2404 1211 1193 243 631 0 1461 943 1257 626089 17. Basavanapura 318 1224 603 621 132 148 105 679 545 683

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

626347 18. Vaderahalli 330 1287 655 632 159 304 57 708 579 653 626078 19. Hallimala 394 1596 804 792 180 617 5 930 666 886 626083 20. Jeegenahalli 221 1046 587 459 107 27 2 669 377 586 626079 21. Bilagumba 624 2696 1357 1339 252 446 10 1770 926 1143 0 22. Keshavapura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23. Dodddamannugudde 626085 796 3318 1699 1619 353 2011 5 1880 1438 1648 Forest 613112 1. Kannamangala 1146 4381 2399 1982 491 513 112 3114 1267 2290 626246 2. Cholamaranahalli 85 362 178 184 46 202 0 184 178 232 626247 3. Devarahosahalli 338 1436 714 722 145 778 0 908 528 670 626248 4. Rampura 462 1789 870 919 151 382 42 1185 604 992 626258 5. Mangalavarapete 880 3581 1764 1817 343 2307 3 2519 1062 2047 626218 6. Maluru 1560 6308 3006 3302 564 1192 35 4147 2161 3439 626217 7. Shettihalli 224 873 411 462 77 280 0 601 272 419 626224 8. Mattikere 313 1322 669 653 105 297 1 1041 281 689 626216 9. Mudigere 390 1634 786 848 183 111 0 993 641 791 626225 10. Mudigere Plantation 45 171 84 87 23 17 0 117 54 111 626215 11. Dabanugunda 82 329 162 167 37 50 5 200 129 136 626214 12. Koluru 282 1124 551 573 82 165 0 753 371 535 614566 1. Nidaghatta 645 2847 1391 1456 337 751 30 1806 1041 1565 614567 2. Madapurada doddi 363 1481 725 756 157 368 0 858 623 904 614565 3. Rudrakshipura 306 1208 590 618 130 37 12 729 479 601 614570 4. Theyluru 461 1896 929 967 188 791 3 1150 746 1027 614589 5. Agralingangana doddi 105 417 196 221 36 41 0 238 179 195 614588 6. K. Kodihalli 292 1126 553 573 84 194 4 801 325 578 05551 7. Maddur 71028 295432 147879 147553 27907 41001 2137 183487 111945 157274 0 8. Mobbalagere 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 614584 9. Goravanahalli 805 3207 1597 1610 266 574 31 2016 1191 1713

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

614583 10. Gejjalagere 932 3798 1863 1935 390 755 21 2559 1239 2104 614456 11. Halasagere 54 235 113 122 32 29 8 150 85 146 614457 12. B. Gowdagere 716 2907 1446 1461 249 282 6 1761 1146 1433 614451 13. Boodanuru 1686 7003 3460 3543 704 1162 10 4480 2523 3544 614449 14. Ummadahalli 978 3935 1945 1990 341 482 21 2684 1251 2255 614448 15. Sathanuru 1220 4964 2499 2465 494 305 3 3001 1963 2868 614444 16. Gopalapura 409 1693 831 862 160 15 2 1121 572 886 803168 17. Mandya 32839 137358 68662 68696 13926 18408 1602 105316 32042 81979 614561 18. B. Hosahalli 128 578 311 267 52 1 5 315 263 335 614420 19. Holalu 1235 5203 2574 2629 513 658 40 3277 1926 2583 614442 20. Panakanahalli 472 1881 911 970 176 360 5 1337 544 1065 614421 21. Kiraganduru 464 1873 946 927 161 289 77 1313 560 1041 614467 22. Induvalu 746 3067 1535 1532 274 198 19 1832 1235 1957 614139 23. Sundahalli 21 97 47 50 13 0 2 44 53 41 614464 24. Yaliyuru 723 2825 1373 1452 235 178 18 1830 995 1469 614463 25. Kalenahalli 456 1938 979 959 200 184 3 1237 701 1266 614460 26. Elechakanahalli 858 3618 1814 1804 368 390 0 2175 1443 1953 614461 27. Ragimuddana halli 246 1033 508 525 116 296 4 592 441 369 613682 1. Siddapura 80 368 191 177 47 29 10 255 113 134 614227 2. Gananguru 301 1524 891 633 159 519 9 992 532 836 614228 3. Gowdahalli 211 872 453 419 87 6 0 543 329 317 614073 4. M.Shettihalli 141 601 307 294 56 28 0 363 238 216 614238 5. K.Shettihalli 1119 4500 2205 2295 403 1877 16 3081 1419 2536 614239 6. Kallikoppalu (B) 28 70 30 40 7 0 0 14 56 11 614221 7. Kiranguru 1938 7653 3781 3872 757 1265 314 5100 2553 4295 803167 8. Srirangapatna 5903 25061 12274 12787 2390 2109 1462 18133 6928 14748 614219 9. B.Agrahara 31 118 58 60 12 0 0 71 47 60 614292 10. Brahmapura 118 507 249 258 45 3 51 335 172 248

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

618725 1. Kalasthavadi 387 1567 783 784 184 452 200 1009 558 840 618159 2. Naganahalli 266 1400 714 686 195 904 0 684 716 753 618726 3. Siddalingapura 906 3538 1812 1726 346 294 292 2481 1057 2068 618727 4. Kesare 1872 6235 3091 3144 695 2008 52 3973 2262 3524 618707 5. Belavattha 1832 6995 3574 3421 816 494 137 4888 2107 4078 Total 148471 622478 311794 310684 61385 94497 7654 414077 208401 343058

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

5.3 Land use planning (Break up along with green belt, etc.) The total length and ROW for the proposed project is 117.304 Km and 45/60 meters respectively. The land required for proposed widening / six-laning is 47,96,374 square meters (1,73,011 square meters in Banglore urban; 22,14,874 square meters in Ramnagara; 23,37,808 square meters in Mandya; and 70,681 square meters in Mysore). Total requirement of the normal soil for filling in the project will be approximate 130, 24,169 m³ cubic meters.

It will be sourced primarily from the local adjoining areas only.

5.4 Assessment of Infrastructure Demand (Physical & Social)

Physical and social infrastructures will be developed due to proposed project.

5.5 Amenities/Facilities Temporary work shelters will be provide for working personals. Portable bio-toilet will be made available for the workers. Workers will be equipped with personnel protective equipment’s like helmet, nasal masks, safety shoes etc. First aid facility will be provided for the working personals. Ambulance facility will be provided for the workers. Environmental benefit, Economic Benefit & Social Benefits will be originated through this proposed project.

6. PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE 6.1 Industrial Area (Processing Area)

The Infrastructure development will Induce new establishment and construction of Commercial, Industrial and Residential structure as Hotel, Dhabas, Restaurant, Petrol pumps that provide good business opportunity resulting direct and indirect generations of employment that improve the living Standard of the local communities.

6.2 Residential Area (non processing area) Not proposed. 6.3 Green Belt

The greenbelt will be developed following the guidelines of Indian Road Congress (IRC:SP:21»2009) and Green Highways (Plantation, Transplantation, Beautification & Maintenance) Policy -2015.

6.4 Social infrastructure :

Following social infrastructures are proposed:

(a)- Provision of Bypass for Bidadi, Ramanagara, Channapatna, Maddur, Mandya and Srirangapatna Towns has been made.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

(b)- Existing 4 lane road is upgraded to 6 lane with paved shoulders configuration, 14 types of cross sections are developed viz, concentric widening, eccentric widening and new road formation. Rigid Pavement has been proposed for Bypass reaches. (c)- Service road of 7m with has been provided all along the project stretch on either side. (d)- At built-up areas an additional footpath has been provided within the proposed ROW for pedestrian movement. (e)- Provision of overlay for the existing (f)- The grades of the existing road are now improved to gentler grades up to a maximum of 3.3%.The camber for riding surface is 2.5% and the slope for the soft shoulder is 3%. The paved shoulder is kept in the same direction of carriageway in the super-elevated portions as per IRC. (g)- Rehabilitation and widening of the existing structures Minor Bridges (38 nos), (h)- Provision of Toll Plaza at 2 locations (i)- Provision of 96 Bus Shelter (j)- Provision of Truck Laybye at 1 location (k)- Provision of street lighting at Built up sections, Major Intersections and Toll Plaza locations (m) Crash barriers with galvanized metallic “W” shape single beam are provided in high embankments (more than 3m), bridge approaches etc.

(m)- Junction improvements for the cross roads along the project road for a length of 100 m at 4 nos. of Major Junctions, 101 nos. of Minor Junctions.

(n)- Grade separated structures i.e. VUPs VOPs, CUPs and LVUPs have been proposed at suitable locations warranting the same at 60.

(o)- For the aforesaid improvements ROW of 60 m along rural, built-up areas and along proposed bypass will be acquired. Some additional width is required at Toll plaza and grade separated junctions

6.5 Connectivity: Proposed project is the development of NH-275 from 4 lane to 6 lane. More connectivity details like existing railway /airports are given in Annexure-II.

6.6 Drinking Water Management Drinking water will be managed by nearby available sources and through private tankers.

6.7 Sewerage System Provision of mobile toilets along with the septic tanks and soak pits will be done. 6.8 Industrial Waste Management The small amount of processing waste may be generated from Hot mix / batch mix plant which will be collected and utilized towards strengthening internal road in the campsite or haulage roads.

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

6.9 Solid Waste management

Spoil, overburden or inert construction waste will be generated during raw materials extraction and their processing. All these materials will be consumed for rehabilitation of borrow areas or filling of low lying / disfigured waste lands.

Solid waste generated in construction and workers camp will be segregated at source and will be disposed of/ buried at nearest municipal site after duly approval of the concerned authorities in environmentally acceptable manner. It is envisaged that 500 gm /person per day will be generated from the workers camps which will be disposed of to the nearest solid waste disposal sites.

6.10 Power Requirement & Supply/Source. Electricity required for construction equipment will be provided by Diesel Generators. Labour camps will be provided with Kerosene /LPG as fuel sourced from Govt. authorized suppliers.

7. REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT (R&R) PLAN Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) plan is under process and will be incorporated in the detailed EIA/EMP report.

8. PROJECT SCHEDULE & COST ESTIMATES 8.1 Likely date of start of construction and likely date of completion.

Project activity will start after getting Environmental Clearance. It will be completed within 30 months from the start work date.

8.2 Estimated project cost along with analysis in terms of economic viability of the project

Estimated cost of the proposed project is Approx. 6236.77 crores.

S. No Item Cost in Rs. crores 1 Total Construction Cost 3695.81 Contingencies, Maintenance Escalation, Supervision, 2 Administrative, Road Safety Audit and Quality Control 414.20 Charge Environment Impact Assessment, Land Acquisition and 3 2126.76 Shifting of Utilities Cost Total 6236.77

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Pre-Feasibility Report of Improvement and Widening to six lanes, Maintenance, Management and Operation of Bangalore to Mysore section of National Highway No. 275, State- Karnataka

9. ANALYSIS OF PROPOSAL (FINAL RECOMMENDATIONS)

Proposed project is the development and up gradation of existing 4-lane road to 6-lane with paved shoulders and Service road configuration of NH 275 between Bangalore and Mysore.

Therefore, project benefit is briefly elaborated in relation to the following heads: improvement of existing road from 4 lane to 6 lane configuration will provide better, fast, safe and smooth connectivity for the peoples of four districts as well as in the region. Smooth and fast moving traffic will cause only lower emissions thereby reducing pollution levels. Accident rates are also expected to come down substantially. Development of the proposed project road will boost the local agriculture and enable farmers to realize better value for their products as well as attract more investment to that region. The vehicle operating and maintenance cost is expected to go down substantially. The proposed road alignment will also include general amenities like bus bays, truck lay byes, rest areas, service road at built-up locations, pedestrian and cattle underpasses, landscaping and tree plantation, traffic aid post, emergency telecom system, emergency medical aid post, street light at built ups etc. and thus overall facilities to the road users shall improve.

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