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Moral Intelligence in Nursing: an Evolutionary Concept Analysis Nursing Practice Today 2021; Volu me 8, No 4, pp. 293-302 Tehran University of Medical Sciences Original Article Moral intelligence in nursing: An evolutionary concept analysis Zahra Hadian Shirazi1, Raheleh Sabetsarvestani2* 1Community Based Psychiatric Care Research Center, Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2Department of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 30 March 2021 Background & Aim: Moral intelligence is a foundation and cornerstone of ethics in Accepted 24 May 2021 nursing. However, it is a vague concept which needs to develop. So, this study aimed to analyze the concept of moral intelligence in nursing to help its development and apply it in the context. Available online at: Methods & Materials: Rodgers's evolutionary concept analysis method was used. http://npt.tums.ac.ir Databases of Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, and IranMedex were searched from 2001 to 2020 with moral, ethics, intelligence, and nursing keywords. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing irrelevant and Key words: duplicate articles, 46 texts were reviewed. The method of analysis was inductive content moral; analysis. intelligence; Results: The attributes of moral intelligence were identified as considering "individual-social nursing; value", "the integrity of feeling, thinking, and action", and "semantic purposefulness". The concept; analysis antecedents included "prepared person", "purposeful selection and upbringing", and "supportive context", and the consequences were "personal and professional development of *Corresponding Author: the nurse", "facilitating holistic care", and "organizational promotion". Based on the attributes Raheleh Sabetsarvestani, Department of the concept, moral intelligence was defined as: "The cognitive and value-oriented of Child Health and Diseases Nursing, capability of a nurse in managing the problem and conflict resolution process through self- Faculty of Nursing, Necmettin Erbakan sacrifice and conscious involvement into intra-and-interpersonal relationships to achieve University, Konya, Turkey. desirable moral and spiritual goals during comprehensive care of the client." E-mail: [email protected] Conclusion: In ethical challenges, moral intelligence may function as a cognitive ability by considering individual-social values. It uses a purposeful problem-solving process that is DOI: 10.18502/npt.v8i4.6705 purposeful, seeks meaning, and guides nurses to improve the quality of health services. Introduction Intelligence generally means thinking, learning, and adapting to a new situation and We live in a dynamic and changing has multiple types, including cognitive, world where knowledge and skills gained emotional, spiritual, and moral (6). Of these, from past experiences are not enough to moral intelligence is the only intelligence meet new daily challenges (1). One of the that needs learning the rules and science of significant challenges facing organizations ethics. It refers to the ability of an individual today, especially health care systems, is to process and manage ethical problems (5, ethical dilemmas (2, 3). Most nurses 7). confront different aspects of ethical issues in For the first time in psychology, Borba their daily lives. Ethical practice in defined moral intelligence as the capacity and professional nursing requires that nurses ability to understand right from wrong, have recognize ethical problems and apply ethical strong moral beliefs, apply them, and behave principles in all nurse-patient communication in the right direction (8). Moral intelligence and interventions (3, 4). However, knowing is a new area of research. Due to its impact and applying ethical principles is directly on other types of intelligence and its effect related to human intelligence (5). on healthcare professionals' performance, Please cite this article as: Hadian Shirazi Z, Sabetsarvestani R. Moral intelligence in nursing: An evolutionary concept analysis. Nursing Practice Today. 2021; 8(4):293-302 Copyright © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International license (https:/creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Noncommercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly Cited Concept analysis of moral intelligence in nursing including nursing, it has been considered intelligence could improve the ethical aspects more recently (1, 6, 9). of patient care and may lead to patient Moral intelligence is not inheritable; satisfaction with health care services (17). instead, it is an acquired and evolving ability As ethical issues play a significant role in (10). Moral intelligence is a predictor of today's modern society, researchers in the behavior and helps actions to be performed field of nursing need to consider the concept intelligently and efficiently. People with of moral intelligence. Furthermore, moral moral intelligence always apply ethical intelligence is a boundary between altruism principles in practice that will increase their and egoism and is regarded as one of the commitment and responsibilities and thus most fundamental issues in the nursing improves individual and group performances profession (6, 18). In the field of nursing, (9, 11). very little research has been performed on the Moral intelligence is a foundation and concept of moral intelligence (19). For cornerstone of ethics in nursing (5, 12). example, some studies have just assessed its Identifying and acquiring moral intelligence relationship with some variables such as skills can lead to professional developments patient care, the nurse's ability to provide through fundamental changes in the nurse's spiritual care to the patient, patient attitudes towards the patient, self, and satisfaction, nurses' mental health, and so on. profession. Therefore, acquiring moral However, for application of the concept in a knowledge and the ability to cultivate moral context, it should be analyzed (20), and in the intelligence in nurses is one of the authors' literature review, it was not found necessities of this profession in today's such evidence. world (6). Nursing ethics is a field The development of concepts, which overgrowing in terms of research and includes concept analysis, is necessary to debate. But many concepts still need to be expand nursing knowledge and to solve many clarified (13, 14). of the conceptual problems of this profession. In nursing, the relationship between There are different methods of concept moral intelligence and some basic concepts analysis. Rodgers's evolutionary concept has been examined. For example, a positive analysis is an inductive concept analysis correlation was found between moral method. According to Rodgers, concepts intelligence and nurses' organizational evolve gradually and are influenced by the commitment (2). In another study, nurses' context in which they are used (20). moral intelligence was positively correlated Therefore, by considering this point that the with patient satisfaction. Between integrity, concept of moral intelligence has entered responsibility, compassion, and forgiveness nursing from psychology and the analysis of as dimensions of moral intelligence, the two this concept has not been done in the field of concepts of integrity and responsibility nursing itself, and also for applying the predicted 71% of patients' satisfaction (15). concepts in a clinical environment, it is The relationship between nurses' mental necessary to analyze it with Rodgers's health and moral intelligence was also evolutionary approach. Therefore, the examined. It was confirmed that the purpose of this study was to analyze the dimensions of compassion and responsibility concept of moral intelligence in nursing in moral intelligence have the power to with Rodgers's evolutionary approach. predict mental health. As an internal supportive factor, results showed that moral intelligence improves nurses' mental health Methods and reduces job-related damages (16). Khajavi et al. (2020) showed a positive In this study, the analysis of the concept relationship between moral intelligence and of moral intelligence in nursing was done nurses' professional behavior. They stated with Rodgers inductive approach in three that increasing nurses' knowledge of moral phases: 294 Nursing Practice Today. 2021;8(4):293-302 Z. Hadian Shirazi & R. Sabetsarvestani The initial phase The core analysis phase It was started with selecting a concept Each text was read entirely by focusing for analysis. The concept of moral on the context (nursing, psychology, and intelligence in nursing was selected based management disciplines), surrogate on the authors' opinions, the importance of (consideration of the concept with other the concept in nursing, and the researchers' words or expressions) and related terms emphasis on the need to re-evaluate the (concepts which have only some attributes of concept. After that, the context of the the concept), antecedents (events before concept was determined (21). The concept occurring the concept), consequences (events of moral intelligence was first entered from after occurring the concept), and attributes the field of psychology. But today, nursing (the essences of the concept). This process researchers emphasize the need
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