DOCSLIB.ORG

Logical Structure of Acceptance and Exclusion in the History of Mental Health and Welfare

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Logical Structure of Acceptance and Exclusion in the History of Mental Health and Welfare Impact Objectives • Explore how protection and control functions for people with mental health problems have developed in modern Japanese social work • Analyse the operational process of the Psychiatric Custody Law and the Mental Hospital Law Mental health policies explored Dr Minori Utsunomiya is delving into the history of mental health policy in Japan to decipher the lasting impact these policies have had on the policies of today Could you begin by protection provisions and there were no persons with mental health problems or introducing your legal provisions for physical or human rights mental illnesses, who are at constant risk current research protection. The Japanese Government at of human rights abuses, can be clarified goals? that time sought to modernise human rights through historical research. Its significance by enacting a special law for the “mentally involves clarifying the gap between the I am examining the ill” as the most vulnerable symbolic entity. subjective consciousness and the objective process of enacting However, because there were no facilities meaning that can be found from the the Psychiatric Custody Law based on the or financial resources for treatment, Japan’s inductive analysis of historical facts, thereby hypothesis that the current patterns of “family system” was used to create a new illuminating the essence of recurring treatment and perceptions of people who system in which the family protected the patterns. have mental illness can be found in the “mentally ill” and the police monitored the legal philosophy of the Psychiatric Custody family. The meaning of “protection” was not How will your work protect the rights of Law, which was enacted while Japan was the direct protection of the “mentally ill”, people with mental health problems? aiming for modernisation. The purpose of but the indirect protection as continuous this research is to analyse the operational monitoring of their family by a strong police The results of this study indicate that the process of the Psychiatric Custody Law and power. Therefore, the “mentally ill” were duality of cognition for people with mental the Mental Hospital Law in order to better under double control, but the protective health problems continues to exist in law understand how the ambiguity regarding effect was extremely weak. and in people’s consciousness. Additionally, control functions and protection has it indicates that this cognition leans toward influenced modern Japanese mental health Can you talk about the historical research social defence theory whenever a social social work. method you are using? event involving a person who has a mental illness or mental health problem occurs. What does the Psychiatric Custody Law The historical research method I have This is a study which advocates for the cover? adopted in this work clarifies the protection of the rights of people with characteristics and essence of the era mental health problems because the results The Psychiatric Custody Law, which was through the collection, organisation of this research will serve as the foundation established in 1900, is the first nationally and analysis of historical materials. The necessary for understanding the problems unified law in Japan related to people with reason for this is that the structure of surrounding the current situation. l a mental illness. This law established the legal discrimination and exclusion against assignment of a custody officer to all the “mentally ill”. A custody officer was almost always a family member. When a family member assumed the role of custody officer, it was necessary to apply for permission for custody from the local police chief. Penalties were imposed to the custody officer for not complying with this procedure. The reason behind this was that in order for Japan to modernise and have equal relations with the Western powers, Japan needed a law to protect the human rights of people as individuals. However, for those who were the most vulnerable to human rights, the Medical records from around 1930, found stored in a public mental hospital Civil Code at that time had only property 48 www.impact.pub The past improves the present Research underway at Aichi Prefectural University explores the history of mental health laws in Japan to secure a brighter future for people who experience challenges to their mental health In Japan, early traditional mental health The Psychiatric Hospital Law of 1919 work, Utsunomiya focused on the first policies did not protect the rights of is also being explored in this study. public psychiatric hospital in Japan and patients with mental illnesses. Most people ‘This law stipulated that public mental looked at official documents related to the with mental health problems tended to hospitals be built in each prefecture, but hospital’s establishment, including annual be confined at home or ignored, while financial difficulties made this impossible,’ reports, newspapers and news articles. only the very few individuals who had the Utsunomiya explains. ‘The Mental Health ‘Thirdly, I performed an analysis of the I performed an analysis of the causal relationship between the revision of laws related to mental illness and social incidents financial means were treated at what were Act of 1950, which sought to ensure causal relationship between the revision then termed the “mental hospital”. At that people with mental illness and mental of laws related to mental illness and social time, public safety was prioritised over health problems received medical care and incidents,’ confirms Utsunomiya. To do human rights, although the Mental Health protection, abolished private confinement.’ this, she looked at relevant newspapers and Act of 1950 abolished home confinement articles regarding mental illness from 1879 and promoted in-patient treatment and Utsunomiya is investigating the three laws to 2006. during the 1990s community-based support from two perspectives. The first is pre-World was promoted. Although the previous War II to post-war continuity/discontinuity, Utsunomiya’s investigations have revealed environment has been improved, these early and the second is the structure of a tendency towards public safety over the perceptions of people with mental illness acceptance and exclusion for people who protection of the rights of people with have inevitably had some bearing on current have mental illnesses. mental illness, and she found that this mental health policies and approaches in pattern began in the past and continues into Japan. EXAMINING THE ARCHIVES the modern day. ‘The crucial problem, which The research encompassed three key is unique to people with mental illness, lies Dr Minori Utsunomiya, from Aichi tasks. First, an exploration of the process in the dual nature of the need for involuntary Prefectural University, is delving into of the revision and abolition of laws and treatment/ hospitalisation and behavioural Japan’s complex history of mental health deliberation with respect to bills related restrictions and the risk of human rights and psychiatric care, with a focus on how to mental illness was undertaken. For this abuses,’ she concludes. l the mental health policies of the past have part of the research, Utsunomiya looked at influenced present policies. She believes official documents regarding laws related that past policies are the root of many to mental illness, including records of Project Insights challenges that people with mental illness deliberation processes and administrative and mental health problems face today. materials. Second, she sought to shed FUNDING light on the roles and functions of public JSPS, KAKENHI Grant numbers UNRAVELLING KEY LAWS psychiatric hospitals. For this part of the 22530657, 24530749, 15K03931 and 19K02238 In particular, Utsunomiya is analysing the Psychiatric Custody Law of 1900, which SUPERVISOR sanctioned the home confinement of Professor Emeritus Dr Kimiko Murakami, individuals under police supervision and Okayama Prefectural University monitoring by family members and in so doing sought to remove the “mentally ill CONTACT patient” from the community. ‘The idea of Professor Minori Utsunomiya the law was “protection”, and the method T: +81 561 76 8702 of protection utilised the family system. E: [email protected] In other words, it was a “double structure custody” mechanism in which the custody BIO officer detained the “mentally ill patient” Professor Minori Utsunomiya worked at a in a private detention room, this being psychiatric hospital between 1989 and 1997 the family home, and the public authority and graduated from Okayama Prefectural University Graduate School of Health and monitored the designated custodian,’ she The Home Department during the Meiji era. This Welfare Science in 2009. She has worked as explains. building housed the Ministry of Home Affairs’ Hygiene Bureau, which was responsible for measures a professor at Aichi Prefectural University for the mentally ill since 2013. www.impact.pub 49 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Saitama Page 1/ 4
    SAITAMA PAGE 1/ 4 PG-309 SAITAMA 10th Fl., Tokyo Kotsu Kaikan Bldg., 2-10-1, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-0006 Tel. (03)3201-3331 Saitama Prefecture, pop. 6,938,000 located in the middle of the Apart from the mountainous northern region, and the Chichibu region, Kanto Plain area, is blessed with an abundance of nature. Visitors can most of the prefecture consists of level ground, and it has the same encounter beautiful scenery with clear spring waters and greenery. warm climate as the Central Tokyo. Access: To From Type of train Time required Fare(¥) Daily runs JR LEX “Narita Express” 1 hr. 2,940 23 Narita Airport JR Rapid “Airport Narita” 1 hr. 24 min. 1,280 16 Tokyo Monorail & JR Yamanote Line (change at Hamamatsu-cho Sta.) 28 min. 620 10–15/hr. Haneda Airport Keikyu Line & JR Yamanote Line 30 min. 560 Every 10 min. Tokyo St.a. (change at Shinagawa Sta.) JR Shinkansen “Nozomi” 2 hrs. 40 min. 14,720 29 Shin-Osaka Sta. JR Shinkansen “Hikari” 3 hrs. 13,750 93 Shin-Kobe Sta. JR Shinkansen “Hikari” 3 hrs. 15 min. 14,270 41 JR Shinkansen “Nozomi” 1 hr. 36 min. 11,340 29 Nagoya Sta. JR Shinkansen “Hikari” 1 hr. 50 min. 10,580 93 Keisei Railways “Skyliner” 56 min. 1,920 21 Ueno Sta. Keisei Railways LEX 1 hr. 16 min. 1,000 4–5/hr. Nippori Sta. Keisei Railways LEX 1 hr. 13 min. 1,000 4–5/hr. Narita Airport Omiya Sta. 2 hrs. ~ 2 hrs. 30 min. Saitama- Bus service “ON Liner” 2,750 18 Shintoshin Sta.
    [Show full text]
  • SAITAMA, JAPAN Just North of Tokyo Nature, Koedo, Shopping and Events
    Crayon Shin-chan There's plenty to see! © U/ F・S・A・A , Saitama Sightseeing Supporter SAITAMA, JAPAN Just North of Tokyo Nature, Koedo, shopping and events Chichibu & North Area West Area Central & East Area Crayon Shin-chan © U/ F・S・A・A , Saitama Sightseeing Supporter Tourism Division, Department of Industry and Labor, Saitama Prefecture ※Some of the facilities shown in this brochure may be temporarily closed, or their hours may be changed due to COVID-19. Please also note that events and festivals may either be delayed or canceled. Thank you for understanding. Visit Saitama Prefecture, where you can experience the past and present of Japan! The Chichibu Area and North Area are full of the appeal of richGUMMA nature, the West Area is where you can feel the atmosphere of Japan, and the Central Area and East Area are a fusion of city and nature. Experience Japanese history and culture in Saitama Prefecture, which is full of attractions! Fujioka IC Fujioka JCT y a w Tobu Nikko Line s e s pr x Joetsu Shinkansen/Hokuriku Shinkansen E 17 u k o Chichibu & North Area h o Chichibu Area and the North Area are full of excitement. T Refresh the soul in magnifi cent natural beauty of Chichibu and T o Hanyu IC b Nagatoro, and taste local dishes of the North Area that have Gyodashi u Ise Sta. s → FOR ak been developed independently. Tohoku Shinkansen 140 125 i L Kazo IC Narita Kumagaya Sta.Takasaki Line ine Airport Hanazono IC H a c Nagatoro Sta. h Kan-etsu ik o L Expressway y ine Kuki a w Shiraoka- l IC Mandarin orange i a Ogawamachi Sta.
    [Show full text]
  • Accelerator-Based BNCT System in Nagoya University
    Accelerator-based BNCT system in Nagoya University (1) - Project status - kazuki tsuchida Nagoya university, Japan Email: [email protected] akira uritani Nagoya university, Japan yoshiaki kiyanagi Nagoya university, Japan sachiko yoshihashi Nagoya university, Japan kenichi watanabe Nagoya university, Japan shogo honda Nagoya university, Japan akihisa ishikawa Nagoya university, Japan keisuke abo Nagoya university, Japan atsushi yamazaki Nagoya university, Japan yukio tsurita Nagoya university, Japan kazuyo igawa okayama university, Japan hiroyuki michiue okayama university, Japan shuichi furuya okayama university, Japan yasuaki ichikawa okayama university, Japan go ichikawa nagoya university, Japan A low energy proton reaction using lithium is one of the most suitable reactions for the accelerator- based BNCT, because a sufficient flux and good quality of epi-thermal neutron beam can be obtained by using a compact beam shaping assembly (BSA) and low activation of accelerator facility reduces the radiation exposur for medical staffs. However, metalic lithium has several difficulties in chemical properties (low melting point, high chemical activity and 7Be production) as a target material. For resolving those isssues, we have developed a compact and sealed Li target in combination with a DC accelerator. We have constructed a compact accelerator-driven neutron source to confirm the practical reliability and performance of the sealed lithium target for the BNCT application in the Nagoya University. Metalic lithium on the target base plate is covered by a titanium foil. Low-energy and high current proton beam (2.8MeV, 15mA) is passing through the titanium foil and irradiates the lithium (Beam power density < 7MW/m2). Strong turbulent flow is arose with ribs in cooling water channels of the target and have been confirmed to be able to remove high beam flux.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Vocational Ability Development Association
    [Logo marks and such associated with projects conducted by JAVADA] National trade skill test system and certified skilled workers logo mark The logo was created with the aim of widely making public and popularizing the national trade skill test system and certified skilled workers. [Meaning of the design] Created with the letter “G” as the motif to represent “Global” and “Ginou (the Japanese word for skill)”. The outline of the sun as seen on the flag of Japan is shown at the center to represent the determination of people who will continue onwards. It can also represent the message that people are starting point and you should not forget where you started. The lines appear well organized to represent an “accurate fitting”, “craftsmen”, “effort”, “accumulated technology” and “grades”. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Monozukuri Master Craftsman symbol mark The symbol mark was established with the aim of improving awareness of monozukuri master craftsmen and to produce an environment to easily promote activity while also have monozukuri master craftsmen work actively with pride and a sense of purpose. [Meaning of the design] The symbol mark shows two skilled workers represented by the letter “M” for Monozukuri Master Craftsman as the motif. The person of the left represents a young skilled worker performing a manual task while growing up and diligently studying their craft. The person on the right represents the Monozukuri Master Craftsman. Good Skill mark The mark indicates that a product was created by a certified skilled worker who passed grade 1 or similar of the technical skill test system (Advanced Certified Skilled Worker, Grade 1 Certified Skilled Worker and Non-classified Grade Certified Skilled Worker).
    [Show full text]
  • Modeling Residential and Workplace Location Assessment on Car Commuting Energy
    Transactions on the Built Environment vol 41, © 1999 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 Modeling residential and workplace location assessment on car commuting energy S.MyojinO),H.AbeO) ^Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Okayama University, 700-8530, Okayama, Japan Email: [email protected] Abstract A model for assessing resident and workplace location on energy for car commute to work is dealt with in the paper. The paper consists of two parts : model building and assessing simplified location patterns. The model is composed of five submodels : location patterns, commute trip distribution, spatial distribution of commute trip density, road traffic speed and energy calculation. Three simplified location patterns are set to resident and workplace respectively, so nine sets of locations are put under assessment The study area is assumed to be circular. The location sets together with commute length distribution form respective spatial distribution of car commute trip density in the area The density is converted to traffic speed Car commuting energy is calculated by applying traffic speed-energy function to the speed distribution. Population is included in some of the submodels so that the model may be applicable over the wide range of population size. The model proved effective for the assessment on the whole on examination of the calculated average traffic speed against the observed in several Japanese cities of different population. The spatial distributions of car commute trip density are grouped into any one of bell, plate and plateau types. Plate typs is dented at and near the center and the plateau is intermediate between bell and plate.
    [Show full text]
  • 58. Utsunomiya University
    ＜ロゴ＞ Utsunomiya University Graduate School of Agriculture Graduate School code： 58 Web site: http://agri.mine.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp/hpe/index.html 1. Graduate School code 58 2. Maximum number of 3 (three) Participants per year participants □Environmental Science □Marine Science □Meteorology □Natual Disaster/ Disaster Prevention Science □Tourism □Politics 3. Fields of Study □Economics □Sociology □Education □Engineering ■ Agriculture (including Fishery, Dairy and Livestock) □Geology □ICT □Medical Science □Others( ) Crop Science, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Food Science, Livestock Science / Veterinary and Sub Fields Animal Medicine, Horticulture, Soil Science, Plant Protection and Other Agricultural Fields. Program Master’s Program in Bioproductive Science, English-option. 4. Program and Degree Degree Master’s degree in Agriculture 5. Standard time table Two(2) years as a Master’s student OR starting as a Research Student up to 6 months, (Years needed for graduation) then 2 years as a Master’s Student after passing the exam. (1) Lectures: All required classes and lectures are given in English while some selective ones are in Japanese. Graduate college may provide “Tutor” to support your academic needs. (2) Textbooks and class handouts: Mostly in English but some Japanese reference books might be assigned. (In case of Japanese reference books are in critical, instructors will provide some additional information in English to assist English-option students.) (3) Laboratory and/or fieldwork: All instructions including safety instructions are provided in English. Instructors or teaching assistants will be always available when you work at a bench or in a lab. Incase of fieldwork, Japanese students may join but the instructions are given in both English and Japanese.
    [Show full text]
  • Zara Japan Corporation
    are located in prestigious areas of a city, ZARA JAPAN CORPORATION the interiors and exteriors are harmonious with their surroundings, and a high Armed with a Fast Marketing Response priority is placed on maintenance. The first Japanese outlet opened in Tokyo's Shibuya area in 1998. Rarely using advertising, a novelty in the fashion industry, Zara steadily established a network of stores that includes outlets in Yokohama, Kyoto, Nagoya, Sapporo, Fukuoka, Osaka, Hiroshima, Sendai, Kawasaki, Kawaguchi, Chiba, Kanazawa, Utsunomiya, Kobe, Matsuyama, Takamatsu, and Shizuoka. Jesús Echevarría, Chief Communications Officer (CCO), Inditex, S.A., says “Japan The ZARA Store on Ginza Marronnier St. and Japanese customers have one of the highest knowledge and sensibility for The Spanish Inditex Group is Europe's largest fashion. No one related to the fashion apparel corporation, boasting over 4,200 movement can develop their business without stores in 73 countries and consolidated sales being in contact to the Japanese market. That of more than 9.4 billion euro. The Group has is why Inditex began its commercial operations eight brands, of which Zara is the star, with in Japan in 1998 with the opening of the first more than 1,500 retail outlets worldwide, Zara store in Tokyo. Since that moment, Zara’s accounting for the bulk of the group's sales. commercial activity in Japan was extended to the main Tokyo’s shopping districts and, Zara entered the Japanese market in 1997, progressively, to the main cities of the country. entering into a joint venture with Japan's BIGI At the time Inditex started operations in Japan, Group to establish Zara Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Multicenter Prospective Analysis of Stroke Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulants: the PASTA Registry - Study Design and Characteristics
    Multicenter Prospective Analysis of Stroke Patients Taking Oral Anticoagulants: The PASTA Registry - Study Design and Characteristics Satoshi Suda, MD,* Yasuyuki Iguchi, MD,† Shigeru Fujimoto, MD,‡ Yoshiki Yagita, MD,§ Yu Kono, MD,ǁ Masayuki Ueda,{ Kenichi Todo, MD,# Tomoyuki Kono, MD,# Takayuki Mizunari, MD,** Mineo Yamazaki, MD,†† Takao Kanzawa, MD,‡‡ Seiji Okubo, MD,§§ Kimito Kondo, MD,ǁǁ Nobuhito Nakajima, MD,{{ Takeshi Inoue, MD,## Takeshi Iwanaga, MD,*** Makoto Nakajima, MD,††† Ichiro Imafuku, MD,‡‡‡ Kensaku Shibazaki, MD,§§§ Masahiro Mishina, MD,ǁǁǁ Koji Adachi, MD,{{{ Koichi Nomura, MD,### Masataka Nakajima, MD,**** Hiroshi Yaguchi, MD,†††† Sadahisa Okamoto, MD,‡‡‡‡ Masato Osaki, MD,§§§§ Yuka Terasawa, MD,ǁǁǁǁ Takehiko Nagao, MD,{{{{ and Kazumi Kimura, MD* Objectives: The management of atrial fibrillation and deep venous thrombosis has evolved with the development of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), and oral anti- coagulant (OAC) might influence the development or clinical course in both ische- mic and hemorrhagic stroke. However, detailed data on the differences between the effects of the prior prescription of warfarin and DOAC on the clinical character- istics, neuroradiologic findings, and outcome of stroke are limited. Design: The pro- spective analysis of stroke patients taking anticoagulants (PASTA) registry study is an observational, multicenter, prospective registry of stroke (ischemic stroke, From the *Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan; †Department of Neurology, The Jikei University School of
    [Show full text]
  • Feelin' Casual! Feelin' Casual!
    Feelin’ casual! Feelin’ casual! to SENDAI to YAMAGATA NIIGATA Very close to Aizukougen Mt. Chausu NIIGATA TOKYO . Very convenient I.C. Tohoku Expressway Only 50minutes by to NIKKO and Nasu Nasu FUKUSHIMA other locations... I.C. SHINKANSEN. JR Tohoku Line(Utsunomiya Line) Banetsu Utsunomiya is Kuroiso Expressway FUKUSHIMA AIR PORT Yunishigawa KORIYAMA your gateway to Tochigi JCT. Yagan tetsudo Line Shiobara Nasu Nishinasuno- shiobara shiobara I.C. Nishi- nasuno Tohoku Shinkansen- Kawaji Kurobane TOBU Utsunomiya Line Okukinu Kawamata 3 UTSUNO- UTSUNOMIYA MIYA I.C. Whole line opening Mt. Nantai Kinugawa Jyoutsu Shinkansen Line to traffic schedule in March,2011 Nikko KANUMA Tobu Bato I.C. Utsunomiya UTSUNOMIYA 2 to NAGANO TOCHIGI Line TOCHIGI Imaichi TSUGA Tohoku Shinkansen Line TAKA- JCT. MIBU USTUNOMIYA 6 SAKI KAMINOKAWA 1 Nagono JCT. IWAFUNE I.C. 1 Utsunomiya → Nikko JCT. Kitakanto I.C. Karasu Shinkansen Expressway yama Line HITACHI Ashio NAKAMINATO JR Nikko Line Utsunomiya Tohoku Shinkansen- I.C. I.C. TAKASAKI SHIN- Utsunomiya Line TOCHIGI Kanuma Utsunomiya Tobu Nikko Line IBARAKI AIR PORT Tobu Motegi KAWAGUCHI Nikko, where both Japanese and international travelers visit, is Utsuno- 5 JCT. miya MISATO OMIYA an international sightseeing spot with many exciting spots to TOCHIGI I.C. see. From Utsunomiya, you can enjoy passing through Cherry Tokyo blossom tunnels or a row of cedar trees on Nikko Highway. Utsunomiya Mashiko Tochigi Kaminokawa NERIMA Metropolitan Mibu I.C. Moka I.C. Expressway Tsuga I.C. SAPPORO JCT. Moka Kitakanto Expressway UENO Nishikiryu I.C. ASAKUSA JR Ryomo Line Tochigi TOKYO Iwafune I.C. Kasama 2 Utsunomiya → Kinugawa Kitakanto Expressway JCT.
    [Show full text]
  • ANTICANCER RESEARCH International Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment ISSN: 0250-7005
    ANTICANCER RESEARCH International Journal of Cancer Research and Treatment ISSN: 0250-7005 Volume 29, Number 3, March 2009 Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Society for Biotherapeutic Approaches, December 1, 2007, Tokyo, Japan Special Issue Edited by G.I. Soma, M. Kato, H. Terada Contents Preface...................................................................................................................................................................... 795 * Inhibition of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis by Targeting the Molecular Chaperone Heat-shock Protein 90. F. KOGA, K. KIHARA, L. NECKERS (Tokyo, Japan; Bethesda, MD, USA) .................................................... 797 * High-dose Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Cancer. S. OHNO, Y. OHNO, N. SUZUKI, G.-I. SOMA, M. INOUE (Ishikawa; Tokushima; Chiba; Kagawa, Japan)................. 809 * ROS and Innate Immunity. C. KOHCHI, H. INAGAWA, T. NISHIZAWA, G.-I. SOMA (Kagawa-ken; Tokushima-ken; Chiba-ken; Yamaguchi-ken, Japan) ............................................................................................. 817 * Potential for Molecularly Targeted Therapy against Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Ligands. S. MIYAMOTO, T. FUKAMI, H. YAGI, M. KUROKI, F. YOTSUMOTO (Fukuoka, Japan)........................... 823 Long-term Outcome of Immunotherapy for Patients with Refractory Pancreatic Cancer. M. NAKAMURA, J. WADA, H. SUZUKI, M. TANAKA, M. KATANO, T. MORISAKI (Fukuoka, Japan) ................................. 831
    [Show full text]
  • By Municipality) (As of March 31, 2020)
    The fiber optic broadband service coverage rate in Japan as of March 2020 (by municipality) (As of March 31, 2020) Municipal Coverage rate of fiber optic Prefecture Municipality broadband service code for households (%) 11011 Hokkaido Chuo Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11029 Hokkaido Kita Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11037 Hokkaido Higashi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11045 Hokkaido Shiraishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11053 Hokkaido Toyohira Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11061 Hokkaido Minami Ward, Sapporo City 99.94 11070 Hokkaido Nishi Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11088 Hokkaido Atsubetsu Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11096 Hokkaido Teine Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 11100 Hokkaido Kiyota Ward, Sapporo City 100.00 12025 Hokkaido Hakodate City 99.62 12033 Hokkaido Otaru City 100.00 12041 Hokkaido Asahikawa City 99.96 12050 Hokkaido Muroran City 100.00 12068 Hokkaido Kushiro City 99.31 12076 Hokkaido Obihiro City 99.47 12084 Hokkaido Kitami City 98.84 12092 Hokkaido Yubari City 90.24 12106 Hokkaido Iwamizawa City 93.24 12114 Hokkaido Abashiri City 97.29 12122 Hokkaido Rumoi City 97.57 12131 Hokkaido Tomakomai City 100.00 12149 Hokkaido Wakkanai City 99.99 12157 Hokkaido Bibai City 97.86 12165 Hokkaido Ashibetsu City 91.41 12173 Hokkaido Ebetsu City 100.00 12181 Hokkaido Akabira City 97.97 12190 Hokkaido Monbetsu City 94.60 12203 Hokkaido Shibetsu City 90.22 12211 Hokkaido Nayoro City 95.76 12220 Hokkaido Mikasa City 97.08 12238 Hokkaido Nemuro City 100.00 12246 Hokkaido Chitose City 99.32 12254 Hokkaido Takikawa City 100.00 12262 Hokkaido Sunagawa City 99.13
    [Show full text]
  • Okayama University(Okayama Prefecture)
    Okayama University (Okayama Prefecture) This program aims at deepening your comprehension of Japanese language, culture, economy, law, and education. The program offers the following classes; (1)Japanese language classes with various levels and topics, (2) Special courses on Japanese culture, economy, law, and education, (3)Courses at the Faculties of Letters, Law, Economics and Education Characteristics of Okayama Prefecture Number of Students to be Accepted: ５ ■University Overview （4 recommended by Embassy and Okayama Prefecture is in the Chugoku region, which is Characteristics and Overview of Okayama 1 recommended by University) located in the western part of the Japanese Islands, and faces University the Seto Inland Sea. The Mizushima Industrial District and Qualifications and Requirements: 1) Characteristics and History manufacturing industry are prosperous. It is also famous for Candidates are expected to have Japanese Okayama University was founded in 1949 on farm products and marine products. Okayama city, where language ability equivalent to the N2 Level or the basis of its predecessors Okayama Okayama University is located, is the capital of Okayama above of the Japanese Proficiency Test (6,000 Medical College and Sixth High School, which Prefecture and one of major political, economic, commercial, words, 1,000 kanji) . were founded in 1922 and 1900 respectively. educational and cultural centers of the Chugoku region. Now, it has 11 faculties and 7 graduate Okayama city's population is approximately 720,000. Purpose of the Course: schools and is one of the biggest national It is a convenient key city in the transportation network. By The aims of the courses are to aid students in universities in Japan.
    [Show full text]