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25. the Neo-Assyrian Empire Cont'd Before Baghdad: Cities of Ancient Mesopotamia MWF 1-1:50pm, RI 008 25. The Neo-Assyrian Empire Cont’d. Map Quiz Terms: Label 10 of the following 13 items - Taurus Mountains - Upper Zab River - Ur - Tell Asmar (Eshnunna) - Euphrates River - Nippur - Susa - Kultepe (Karum Kanesh) - Mari - Hattusha - Dur-Kurigalzu - Tell Tayinat (Kunulua) - Nimrud Assurnasirpal II (883-859 BC) and his new capital, Kalhu (modern Nimrud). Shalmaneser III (858-824 BC) and his ekal mašarti (review palace) at Kalhu (Nimrud). Problems in Assyria: contraction/weakening of power in the territorial state Aramaean expansion. (825-750 BC) Tiglath-pileser III (744-727 BC) Building activity at Kalhu, aggressive campaigner Final phase of the expansion of the empire while a socio-economic recession builds up. Sargon II (721-705 BC). Foundation of Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad) Sennacherib (704-681 BC) (Re-)foundation of Ninuwa (Nineveh). Esarhaddon (680-667 BC) Building activity in Babylon. Assurbanipal (668-631? BC) Sack of Nineveh by the Medians and the Babylonians in 612 BC Gradual collapse of the Assyrian empire. Sargon II (721-705 BC) Khorsabad (Dur-Sharrukin), Capital of Sargon II Paul-Émile Botta at Khorsabad Palace and Reliefs at Khorsabad Sargon Khorsabad Reliefs in the Louvre, Paris A winged bull floating down the Tigris River on a kelek University of Chicago Excavations at Khorsabad Painted plaster in Residence K, Rm 12 Sennacherib (704-681 BC) Tunneling in Kuyunjik Layard’s excavation techniques Royal Air Force photograph of Kuyunjik, Nineveh, 1948 Nineveh KH7 20 Aug 1966 QuickBird 29 Dec 2004 Sennacherib’s conquest of Lachish Sennacherib’s Southwest Palace, the “Palace Without Rival”, Nineveh Sennacherib, the mighty king, king of the country of Assyria, sitting on the throne of judgment, before the city of Lachish. “I give permission for its slaughter.” 2 Kings 18:13 – 19:37, Sennacherib’s Siege of Jerusalem In the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, King Sennacherib of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and captured them….The king of Assyria demanded of King Hezekiah of Judah three hundred talents of silver and thirty talents of gold. Hezekiah gave him all the silver that was found in the house of the LORD and in the treasuries of the king’s house. At that time Hezekiah stripped the gold from the doors of the temple of the LORD…The king of Assyria sent the Tartan, the Rabsaris, and the Rabshakeh with a great army from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. They went up and came to Jerusalem. When they arrived, they came and stood by the conduit of the upper pool, which is on the highway to the Fuller’s Field. When they called for the king, there came out to them Eliakim son of Hilkiah, who was in charge of the palace, and Shebnah the secretary, and Joah son of Asaph, the recorder. The Rabshakeh said to them, “Say to Hezekiah: Thus says the great king, the king of Assyria: On what do you base this confidence of yours? Do you think that mere words are strategy and power for war? On whom do you rely, that you have rebelled against me? See, you are relying now on Egypt, that broken reed of a staff, which will pierce the hand of anyone who leans on it…Come now, make a wager with my master the king of Assyria: I will give you two thousand horses, if you are able on your part to set riders on them.” 2 Kings 18:13 – 19:37, Sennacherib’s Siege of Jerusalem, cont’d. Then Eliakim son of Hilkiah, and Shebnah, and Joah said to the Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in the Aramaic language, for we understand it; do not speak to us in the language of Judah within the hearing of the people who are on the wall.” But the Rabshakeh said to them, “Has my master sent me to speak these words to your master and to you, and not to the people sitting on the wall, who are doomed with you to eat their own dung and to drink their own urine?” Then the Rabshakeh stood and called out in aloud voice in the language of Judah, “Hear the word of the great king, the king of Assyria! Thus says the king: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you out of my hand. Do not let Hezekiah make you rely on the LORD by saying, the LORD will surely deliver us’.”…When Hezekiah heard it, he tore his clothes, covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD…Then Isaiah son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, “Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: I have heard your prayer to me about King Sennacherib of Assyria. This is the word that the LORD has spoken concerning him:…. “He shall not come into this city, shoot an arrow there, come before it with a shield, or cast up a siege ramp against it. By the way that he came, by the same he shall return; he shall not come into this city, says the LORD. For I will defend this city to save it, for my own sake and for the sake of my servant David.” That very night the angel of the LORD set out and struck down one hundred eighty-five thousand in the camp of the Assyrians; when morning dawned, they were all dead bodies. Then King Sennacherib went home, and lived at Nineveh. Taylor Prism, 691 B.C.E., Nineveh Column 3, lines 18-49: As for Hezekiah the Judahite, who did not submit to my yoke: forty-six of his strong, walled cities, as well as the small towns in their area, which were without number, by levelling with battering-rams and by bringing up siege-engines, and by attacking and storming on foot, by mines, tunnels, and breeches, I besieged and took them. 200,150 people, great and small, male and female, horses, mules, asses, camels, cattle and sheep without number, I brought away from them and counted as spoil. (Hezekiah) himself, like a caged bird I shut up in Jerusalem, his royal city…His cities, which I had despoiled, I cut off from his land, and to Mitinti, king of Ashdod, Padi, king of Ekron, and Silli-bêl, king of Gaza, I gave (them). And thus I diminished his land…for Hezekiah, the terrifying splendor of my majesty overcame him, and the Arabs and his mercenary troops which he had brought in to strengthen Jerusalem, his royal city, deserted him. In addition to the thirty talents of gold and eight hundred talents of silver, gems, antimony, jewels, large carnelians, ivory-inlaid couches, ivory-inlaid chairs, elephant hides, elephant tusks, ebony, boxwood, all kinds of valuable treasures, as well as his daughters, his harem, his male and female musicians, which he had brought after me to Nineveh, my royal city. Quarrying a lamassu for Sennacherib’s Southwest Palace at Nineveh Transporting the lamassu to Nineveh Stage 4 Khinis Stage 3 “Northern System” Stage 1 Kisiri Stage 2 Musri Canalhead at Khinis Aqueduct at Jerwan Dam at al-Shallalat Nineveh Jerwan aqueduct http://www.pbs. org/wnet/secret s/the-lost- gardens-of- babylon-watch- the-full- episode/1203/ Ashurbanipal’s (668-627) North Palace at Nineveh Ashurbanipal’s lion hunt scenes Garden Scene of Ashurbanipal (r. 668 – 627 B.C.E.) North Palace at Nineveh UC Berkeley excavations at the Halzi Gate Comparative Mesopotamian cities 1. Aššur 2. Šubat Enlil (Tell Leilan) 3. Kar-Tukulti-Ninurta 4. Mari (Tell Hariri) 5. Nineveh 6. Kalhu (Tell Nimrud) 7. Dur-Sharrukin (Khorsabad) 8. Erbil 9. Ur 10.Uruk.
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