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HERITAGE of the GREAT PLAINS POLICY LIFE and LORE of the TALLGRASS PRAIRIE .Wary, Rolklore, Lul, Mwiic, Or Life in ; Welcomed

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HERITAGE of the GREAT PLAINS POLICY LIFE and LORE of the TALLGRASS PRAIRIE .Wary, Rolklore, Lul, Mwiic, Or Life in ; Welcomed • HERITAGE OF THE GREAT PLAINS POLICY LIFE AND LORE OF THE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE .wary, rolklore, lUl, mWiic, or life in ; welcomed. Some poetry and short An Annotated Bibliography of the Flint Hills of Kansas by James Hoy 'the Greal PJQiflS should be typed and governed by The Chicago MOJ1uaI of Table or Contt'nis Part II, Natural History and Early Settlement 3 , • thort )'jUl on the aULhor. Tallgrass Ecology 3 c .cturaed only on request and when Flint Hills Fauna 7 I envelope. Flint Hills Flora 12 pin andJot illUSLratioDS with articles, Grass and Range Management 14 :cpt respoDSibility rOt photographs or Grass and Fire . .. 18 The Prairie Park 28 r the issue of the journal in which his Flint Hills Geology 32 Flint Hills Soils . JH ~e copies may be purchased (or $2.50 Water in the Flint Hills 39 Minerals in the Flint Hills 42 :d to: Caves in the Flint Hills 46 Archaeology, Pre-History, and NatIve Americans 47 Julie Johnson Explorers, Early Travelers, and Trails 55 HeriJQgt of the Oreal Plains Promotional Materials, Historical and Modern 59 Cenler ror Great Plains Studies­ Travel and Transportation _ , _ 62 Emporia State University The Flint Hills Overland Wagr>n Train 68 Emporia. Kansas 66801-5087 James IJo)', professor of English at Emporia State University is a native of Cassaday, Kansas. He received his B.S. degree from Kansas State University, the M.A. degree from Kansas State Teachers College, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Missouri, Columbia. He is the author and coauthor of several books. IWORMATION Edilor Joseph V. Hickey Id be sent to: Advisory Board Patrick O'Brien Barbara Robins Mel Storm James Hoy Tom Isern Julie Johnson Vr>Jume XXIV Summer-Fall 1991 Nm.3 & 4 H..,.iJugr of Ihr G'ral PlaiHS is publi;;hcd qUMle-rly by tbe- College of Liberal Arl.~ ~nd Sciences of Emporin Slnlc U~jversity, 1200 Commercial, Emporia, Knnsas, 66801-5087. C<lpyrighl, 1980 by tbe College of Llller,,1 Arls and Scicnces. All rights reserved. ISSN 0739-4772 2 Flint Hills and Bluestem Grazing Region of Kansas )(-'~-'--r--- I -'--r'-"-"-"-"-' .. /~ 5! :./ I', I" I. ~ :~.1...~ <,I~;~~~/- l~',> ~ -r'~'-: ~ ;:r, _.::.~.-:\~ :~ i ~ ; .) 7'''/ \- :•... ::,- - '7ftI'; 1 r-' ~ ,,/."?iff'._.. - ~ I' ' ' ..( .-, ..._'-'-" (_._.__ :~ I~' .~.1 ._ (. , ,~ I ;~ I~ ~~ i~V i~ . j7_~ is 0~._'L '" : I,; ~ . ,. --'-'T_ _.- ."-'r -' ... - "f----' "F'v-/:...~-_.-_!.j_'.' ..._._.-I I Q I Z I' ~ ! ~ I ~ -\ I:' . }-.,__._._" 0 • ~ I ~ , ,. ~/ :~1-......r- ~!-~._1? : ,. -~-r'-'-~.'",i.rv- ,/1',;-n _ i). ':, 1'-' •.,' f--~r1 . " ;:", .; It 1\, "'if""~ ..... .., 1'_'_'_'_" ;.~;'J I~i ,/. I,~.!) Q ii/'~ \ . :~~, i.h~J i--,~·_Ll~ i.:~: i },-..,J'/ · .~;'" . I ........_.-__--C.-.-..1 " J 1-' ~t;>~--,-;;j I ,~~_,. -----oj..-.-.­ :;---t--- - =~?l:l.-/\- I ;' __._,[.-.-r- :::_J1~.),. ', , I.~(~/ I I i '> : J\-.:~;' '\; i:.~ "fi.,,~ " L.~_.I:~~~, If: .--: v - ,.-- • L~!:(~r'-;;I"7L_'-;I} -'_., :'. (': i -.- . '·1-I-r -·- .1;._ _.. , 1 1 ,/. - : /, : :-~ 1 ~ . • .!~., 1/ /' ; ( , : .~ .~j'i 10I~ ~ i \:,I~ i·~ I I I ;-. _. :.:,\_.. i.L.lls . :r :~ H) ~ 1 : L ,f; I :_ -~:---~1 - -- ;'~C-r---- ~( '3 i :.., (I' :.,:, ,2., . I' . I · ! \ .r: " 1; I i ~ 1• :~ , ·-1-'··NL.·i : .. ,··-\f _. F-'-'-'~ :'l :~ I~ 1 ~ ; ~ ) .''f. ~ : ~ ! . _._""0 \ Ai ,¢o 0....... I ~ : ; ,\ I- '"' ,~ - \. ,J ~.~ ),\ I n~ II~ I' •I t, 1 .. '1!,-t~ 1~ )~:.1 1 ~ ! ,_.__.J:'- .._ i ~ ~ 1 1 ~ , · l -l (i I: i I I. (" f'I '-' j~ ...-._._._' ~~ j ~ I liT'--'--"J" -_ .• -2-~·'::::""!I! L" \~~ I ~ j! .) '------...f! ,, . ._ . -,_.' .• )!. I :.~ I~. _._'I' I. ~= .I .'" ' I i r._.__. 1 '-', 1_. r-·.J' : i . c.2, i> 'j ,--'-- ~ I; ,,~, '~1 ig : ~ !.;\ " ,~~~~_~ ~.l'~-~-i, _~_j' ,V!,;--1 ~. __ . ';. '< 1 i-'-~-'---'-'-'1 i " ~ j c i ; ), : .. j l ;- - "- ..' (. i ~ {;, II? : !~ , 1 '-.•.-I"-.-.·~ 1~ I 'v j: i~ " i .~.!- -'-' .1. , • • ~ - I. , 1 ' '-'-' L~__ ~"'~ ,,( ~ !, .~~i~'I~ I (1; II - .. ..G.. --..-.'.. ._.. ~ '.' i':'1\ : i1. .. _r .. -- .I 3 ,~stem Grazing PART II, NATURAL IllSTORY ~ansas AND EARLY SETTLEMENT i-l~-'ll- --'~ I·~· I.~ i~ i: ~ J~~ TALLGRASS ECOLOGY __I:: I _._.-•.!!_. i I' I D i = I The Flint Hills of Kansas, along with the Osage Hills of Oklahoma, i~~' ~t iiI~ : , __ 1 represent the last remaining enclave of unbroken native taJlgrass prairie in the ~. f. I'--'-'T~-'--'--' ~,J)..r-~l·'n~'. United States, a prairie that once stretched from Canada to Texas and extended I '; ~.. " east to Indiana and Kentud.'),. Grassland ecologists have noted that as much as 'F~~~/' ).;"':'-'-'1 eighty percent of prairie lies below the surface. Not only are the underground ~ ,. 1 ' • ' a J.;~ . i ;~ i root structures of the grasses extensive, but animal life teems in the thatch and :; ._,_._~_,~L __ j in burrows. Perhaps that is why many people can drive through the Flint Hills :" ."'-..: and see nothing of significance or beauty--they are simply unable to look beyond f~-':.I. I. the surface. ~~ ~~~ .. -i~'='-'-'-!~' -~ . .J ~ ".?" ,/ I ~/ ;: f. : y/.L. JL;' (""'": ~ ("''''';-;';;17/-'-'-i 1/ ~ ,:[(1'j.~ '!~ ~ : ~'=-: ·i~"i..; ) I?1~-'_: I '12~ )-;_·_·-t ._. : ;. "-., '_ I-I'~ I ·_·_·-., \;i : . "'-\r-.1!.-_. I I .~ ~ r~ ~ i~ -'-1 Nj I i!' I,! Ill; • II,-i_i_.~ , ~\ i a 6' r T-' '-'-r:"~--'- ~ ~ a-' I l~~!: i.1~' . \ 0 I .r >'j .. -; .J:_.~ .- - '~V·_·_·-·I" ,!" '-'f,.) I ~:l~.. !~ .i r' .-1_r ­ ,I. I £l'v1'I ._. ­ i i? i: j ,='--- _.-j!._~-iL. i ~ i. 'AI' _._. ~ "hE fl r • :._._ ; )! i : . '--i~-'-' ;: \._; i '"~ ·1 I : i?! r­ . Flint Hills Topography_ Pottawatomie County, c. 1958. •. ---l~. ..~_. __ j Counesy of the Kansas Slole Historicol Society, Topeko, KS. 4 Abel', James, ed. "Fall Field Trip 10 Ross Natural History Reservation and Lake Kahola, Flint Hills Region," Kansas Academy or Science Multidisciplinary Guidebook. 3, Emporia State University, 199ft Prepared for the third annual field trip of the Kansas Academy of Science, which occurred on the Ross Natural History Reservation during earty October of 1990, this guide contains a dozen chapters by ten authors on such specific Flint Hills topics as climate, geology, soils, water, vegetation, mammals, birds, and fish. Also included is a Chapter on ahe Kaw Indians and the Exodusters at Dunlap. Begley, Sbaron and Patricia King. "he Prairie's Last Stand," Newsweek, 3 June 1985, p. 76. The authors give a brief history of the tallgrass prairie in mid-America and an overview of the attempts to establish, restore, and preserve it. A brief account of the value of burning is induded. "Bluestem Country," Kilnsasf, No.1 (1973), pp. 14-15. Untouched by the plow, the Flint Hills contain some of the lasl native tallgrass prairie in the nation. With color photography. Bochert, John R. ''The Climate of the Central North American Grassland/, AJrnats oj the Association ojA11II!rican Geogroplll!r'S,40 (1950), pp. 1-39. Although not mentioning the Flint Hills by name, this thorough study ineludes the tallgra<;s prairie of which they are a part. The author IxJieves that fire was not a dominant factor in the establishment and maintaining of tl\e prairie. Bogue, DJ. and C.L Beale. Economic An>as rift/II! UniJed Slo.tes. New York: Free Press of Gleneoe, 1961. This national survey includes a brief de~ription of and some statistici about the Flint Hills. Collins, Joseph T., ed. Natural Kilnsas. Lawrence: Universily Press of Kansas, 1985. There are many references to Flint Hills flora and fauna, springs and rivers in this statewide survey. Costello, David. 1711! PnJim World. University of Minnesota, 1969, paperback edilion 1980. The Flint Hills are specifically cited as well managed tallgrass prairies in this survey of American prairies. , ..~ 5 Docekal, Eileen. "ale of the TlIIlIgrass," Sierro, May/June, 1987, pp. 76-79. Illiral History Reservation and Lake Although neither the Flint Hills nor the Osage Hills are mentioned by .demy or Science Mullidisciplioary name, this pro-preserve article describes the tallgrass ecology of the 190. Kansas-Oklahoma bluestem region. The benefits of burning are given. ,k1 trip of the Kansas Academy of ral History Reservalion during early Fi~lds, Wayne. "Losl Horizon," AmetUan. Heritage, April 1988, pp. 54-64. :en chapter.> by ten authors on such The author describes, in this appreciation of the American prairie, visits '/. soils, water, vegetation, mammals, to a number of sites, including the Konza Prairie Research Natural Area in the the Kaw Indians and the Exodusters Flint Hills and the site of the proposed tallgrass preserve in the Osage Hills. He notes the influence of the prairie on various authon; and painters and comments on the use of fire to maintain the grassland. l1rte's Last Sland," Newsweek, J June Freeman, Craig and Chris Lauver. "The Nalural Communilies or Kansas," the tallgrass prairie in mid·America nw Nalure Comen'ancy I"msas Newslelkr, of, No.1 (AUtuDlD 1990), pp. 4-6. ish, restore, and preserve it. A brief This first of a continuing series features the various types of tallgrass I. prairie: Southeastern, Dakota Hills, Claypan, and Flint Hills, which "contain the largesl remaining unbroken tract of tallgrass prairie in the world." The Nature •pp. 14-15. Conservancy has two preserves in the Flint Hills: Konza Prairie south of Hills contain some of the las1 native Manhattan and Flint Hills Prairie east of Cassoday. Iholography. Hartman, Emily L. 'The F.B. and Rena G. Ross Natural History Reservation," :nlr1lll North American Grassland," Emporia Stall! Research Studws, 8, No.4 (l9fiO), 5-J9. ¥lIn'S, 40 (1950), pp. 1-39.
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