DOCSLIB.ORG

TEPHROMELA John A. Elix [From Flora of Australia Volume 57 (2009)]

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TEPHROMELA John A. Elix [From Flora of Australia volume 57 (2009)] Tephromela M.Choisy, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 522 (1929); from the Greek tephra (ash) and mela (jet-black), in reference to the colours of the thallus and the apothecial disc, respectively. Type: T. atra (Huds.) Hafellner Thallus crustose (lacking in lichenicolous species), warted or cracked and areolate, white, pale grey or yellow-green, corticate; hypothallus present or absent, when present occasionally visible between the areolae and forming a dark border to the thallus. Soredia and isidia present or absent; lobules absent. Photobiont a unicellular green alga; cells 6–12 μm diam., forming a continuous layer 25–120 μm thick. Medulla white, sometimes chalky, frequently containing lichen substances. Lower cortex absent. Ascomata apothecia, lecanorine, aspicilioid, biatorine or sublecideine, usually sessile, rarely stipitate, simple, constricted at the base, laminal or developing on margins between the areolae; disc black, ±round, weakly concave to strongly convex; thalline exciple present or reduced; proper exciple thin, ±inconspicuous. Epihymenium usually with violet, brown or greenish pigments, N+ red. Hymenium colourless below, violet to green above, amyloid. Hypothecium pale yellow to dark brown. Paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 3–5 μm wide, thick-walled, with a gelatinous coating, swelling strongly in water; apices swollen or not, often green to violet-black. Asci clavate, 8-spored, Bacidia-type, with a large well-developed amyloid tholus containing an ocular chamber tipped by a pointed axial mass. Ascospores simple, rarely 1- septate, colourless, ellipsoidal, ovoid or subglobose, ±thick-walled, but without a distinct perispore, 7–14 × 5–9 μm. Conidiomata pycnidial, immersed; wall colourless except for green pigmentation around the ostiole; conidia formed pleurogenously; conidiophores of type VI (sensu Vobis, 1980). Conidia colourless, cylindrical to filiform, ±straight, 6–24 × 0.8–2.0 μm. Tephromela is a cosmopolitan genus of c. 40 species, 14 of which are known in Australia. These lichens are found in temperate to tropical regions where they grow on bark, wood, rock or on other lichens. The familial position of Tephromela has yet to be resolved. Preliminary molecular data (Miadłikowska et al., 2006) confirm a sister relationship with Mycoblastus Norman (Mycoblastaceae), but the genera differ markedly in their ascospores and secondary chemistry. Molecular data on additional taxa are required to establish whether the two genera should be referred to separate families. G.Vobis, Bau und Entwicklung der Flechten-Pycnidien und ihrer Conidien, Biblioth. Lichenol. 14: 1–141 (1980); H.Hertel & G.Rambold, Lecidea sect. Armeniacae: lecideoide Arten der Flechtengattungen Lecanora und Tephromela (Lecanorales), Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107: 469–501 (1985); H.Hertel, Bemerkenswerte Funde südhemispharischer, saxicoler Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 23: 321–340 (1987); H.Hertel, New records of lecideoid lichens from the Southern Hemisphere, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 211–238 (1989); G.Rambold, A monograph of the saxicolous lecideoid lichens of Australia (excl. Tasmania), Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 1–345 (1989); T.H.Nash III, K.Kalb & G.Rambold, Tephromela, Lichen Fl. Greater Sonoran Desert Region 2: 530–532 (2004); K.Kalb, New or otherwise interesting lichens II, Biblioth. Lichenol. 88: 301–329 (2004); J.A.Elix & K.Kalb, Two new species of Tephromela (Lecanoraceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia, Australas. Lichenol. 58: 27–31 (2006); J.Miadłikowska, F.Kauff, V.Hofstetter, E.Franker, M.Grube, J.Hafellner, V.Reeb, B.P.Hodkinson, M.Kukwa, R.Lücking, G.Hestmark, M.G.Otalora, A.Rauhut, B.Büdel, C.Scheidegger, E.Timdal, S.Stenroos, I.Brodo, G.B.Perlmutter, D.Ertz, P.Diederich, J.C.Lendemer, P.May, C.L.Schoch, A.E.Arnold, C.Gueidan, E.Tripp, R.Yahr, C.Robertson & F.Lutzoni, New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein coding genes, Mycologia 98: 1088–1103 (2006); K.Kalb, New or otherwise interesting lichens III, Biblioth. Lichenol. 95: 297–316 (2007); K.Kalb, New or otherwise interesting lichens IV, Sauteria 15: 239–247 (2008); J.A.Elix & K.Kalb, Additional new lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia, Australas. Lichenol. 63: 30–36 (2008). 1 Thallus lichenicolous on Dirinaria spp. ..............................................................................7. T. cerasina 1: Thallus not lichenicolous ........................................................................................................................2 2 Thallus sorediate or isidiate (1:) ........................................................................................................3 2: Thallus lacking soredia and isidia ......................................................................................................4 3 Thallus sorediate (2) ....................................................................................................... 12. T. sorediata 3: Thallus isidiate .................................................................................................................... 9. T. isidiosa 4 Medulla UV–, KC–; only atranorin present (2:) .................................................................................5 4: Medulla UV+ blue-white, KC– or KC+ pink or red; additional substances present.............................6 5 Thallus saxicolous; ascospores ovoid to subglobose, 6.5–12.0 × 6–9 μm (4).............. 10. T. korundensis 5: Thallus corticolous; ascospores ellipsoidal, 9–11 × 6.0–6.5 μm. ..................................5. T. brisbanensis 6 Medulla KC–; pannaric acid and pannaric acid 6-methyl ester present (4:) ................. 8. T. connivens 6: Medulla KC+ pink or red; pannaric acid and pannaric acid 6-methyl ester absent. .............................7 7 Thallus with perlatolic and glomelliferic acids (major), saxicolous (6:).........................2. T. arafurensis 7: Thallus with stenosporonic, colensoic, alectoronic, physodic or α-collatolic acids (major), corticolous, lignicolous or saxicolous. .......................................................................................................................8 8 Thallus with physodic, colensoic or norcolensoic acids (major) (7:) ..................................................9 8: Thallus with stenosporonic, alectoronic or α-collatolic acids (major)...............................................11 9 Thallus with colensoic and norcolensoic acids (major), corticolous (8).............. ………….6. T. bunyana 9: Thallus with physodic acid (major), corticolous, lignicolous or saxicolous ............................ …………10 10 Thallus corticolous or lignicolous; ascospores 8–12 × 6.0–8.5 µm (9:) ..................... 11. T. physodica 10: Thallus saxicolous; ascospores 7.5–8.0 × 5.0–6.5 µm ..........................................14. T. territoriensis 11 Thallus with stenosporonic acid (major), saxicolous; thalline exciple thick (8:).....13. T. stenosporonica 11: Thallus with alectoronic or α-collatolic acids (major), corticolous, lignicolous or saxicolous; thalline exciple thin............................................................................................................................ …………12 12 Thallus with alectoronic acid (major) and α-collatolic acid (trace or absent) (11:).... 1. T. alectoronica 12: Thallus with α-collatolic acid (major) and alecotoronic acid (minor or absent) .........................……13 13 Hymenium not inspersed; thallus ±smooth (12:) ........................................................................3. T. atra 13: Hymenium inspersed; thallus bullate......................................................... ………… 4. T. austrolitoralis .
Recommended publications
  • H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education the Field Museum 1400

    H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education the Field Museum 1400

    H. Thorsten Lumbsch VP, Science & Education The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60605 USA Tel: 1-312-665-7881 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests Evolution and Systematics of Fungi Biogeography and Diversification Rates of Fungi Species delimitation Diversity of lichen-forming fungi Professional Experience Since 2017 Vice President, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago. USA 2014-2017 Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2014 Curator, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2013-2014 Associate Director, Integrative Research Center, Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2009-2013 Chair, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2011 MacArthur Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2006-2014 Associate Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 2005-2009 Head of Cryptogams, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. Since 2004 Member, Committee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago. Courses: BIOS 430 Evolution (UIC), BIOS 23410 Complex Interactions: Coevolution, Parasites, Mutualists, and Cheaters (U of C) Reading group: Phylogenetic methods. 2003-2006 Assistant Curator, Dept. of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA. 1998-2003 Privatdozent (Assistant Professor), Botanical Institute, University – GHS - Essen. Lectures: General Botany, Evolution of lower plants, Photosynthesis, Courses: Cryptogams, Biology
  • Unravelling the Symbiotic Microalgal Diversity in Buellia Zoharyi (Lichenized Ascomycota) from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands Using DNA Metabarcoding

    Unravelling the Symbiotic Microalgal Diversity in Buellia Zoharyi (Lichenized Ascomycota) from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands Using DNA Metabarcoding

    diversity Article Unravelling the Symbiotic Microalgal Diversity in Buellia zoharyi (Lichenized Ascomycota) from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands Using DNA Metabarcoding Patricia Moya * , Salvador Chiva , Arantzazu Molins , Isaac Garrido-Benavent and Eva Barreno Botánica, ICBIBE, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (A.M.); [email protected] (I.G.-B.); [email protected] (E.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-963-544-376 Abstract: Buellia zoharyi is a crustose placodioid lichen, usually occurring on biocrusts of semiarid ecosystems in circum-Mediterranean/Macaronesian areas. In previous work, we found that this lichenized fungus was flexible in its phycobiont choice in the Canary Islands. Here we test whether geography and habitat influence phycobiont diversity in populations of this lichen from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands using Sanger and high throughput sequencing (HTS). Additionally, three thallus section categories (central, middle and periphery) were analyzed to explore diversity of microalgal communities in each part. We found that B. zoharyi populations hosted at least three different Trebouxia spp., and this lichen can associate with distinct phycobiont strains in different Citation: Moya, P.; Chiva, S.; Molins, habitats and geographic regions. This study also revealed that the Trebouxia composition of this A.; Garrido-Benavent, I.; Barreno, E. lichen showed significant differences when comparing the Iberian Peninsula with the Balearics thalli. Unravelling the Symbiotic Microalgal No support for differences in microalgal communities was found among thallus sections; however, Diversity in Buellia zoharyi several thalli showed different predominant Trebouxia spp.
  • Josef Hafellner – a Life Amongst Lichens and Their Parasites

    Josef Hafellner – a Life Amongst Lichens and Their Parasites

    Herzogia 29 (2) Teil 1, 2016: 213 –234 213 Josef Hafellner – a life amongst lichens and their parasites Martin Grube, Walter Obermayer*, Helmut Mayrhofer & Toby Spribille Abstract: Grube, M., Obermayer, W., Mayrhofer, H. & Spribille, T. 2016. Josef Hafellner – a life amongst lichens and their parasites. – Herzogia 29: 213 –234. The impact of Josef Hafellners scientific work on the systematics of lichenized ascomycetes and on the knowledge on lichenicolous fungi is discussed and the value of his extensive collections (c. 100,000 lichens including c. 8,000 lichenicolous fungi) is highlighted. A bibliography (1975 –2016) is presented. Zusammenfassung: Grube, M., Obermayer, W., Mayrhofer, H. & Spribille, T. 2016. Josef Hafellner – ein Leben inmitten von Flechten und ihren Parasiten. – Herzogia 29: 213 –234. Der Einfluss von Josef Hafellners wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten auf die Systematik von lichenisierten Ascomyceten und auf die Kenntnis von flechtenbewohnenden Pilzen wird diskutiert und auf den Wert seiner umfangreichen Aufsammlungen (ca. 100.000 Belege, davon ca. 8.000 Belege lichenicole Pilze) hingewiesen. Eine Publikationsliste (von 1975 bis 2016) wird vorgelegt. Key words: Bibliography, eponyms, lichenicolous fungi, European Alps. Introduction Few scientists make such a mark on their science that they can be said to change their field, and fewer still are involved in setting up the framework for an entire branch of natural history. One such person is Josef Hafellner, to whom we dedicate the present contribution. Conscious that he is – notwithstanding his recent retirement – still very much fully active as a researcher, we wish here to highlight his impact on our science to date. Josef Hafellner has dedicated his scientific career to the classification and taxonomy of fungi, in particular lichen-forming asco- mycetes and the fungi inhabiting lichen symbioses (known as lichenicolous fungi).
  • Butlletí 82 (2018)

    Butlletí 82 (2018)

    82 Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural 82 Barcelona 2018 Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’HistòriaButlletí de la Institució Catalana Natural 2018 Butlletí de la Institució Catalana d’Història Natural, 82: 3-4. 2018 ISSN 2013-3987 (online edition): ISSN: 1133-6889 (print edition)3 nota BREU NOTA BREU Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982 (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) has arrived in Spain Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982 (Hymenoptera, Torymidae) ha arribat a Espanya Juan Luis Jara-Chiquito* & Juli Pujade-Villar* * Universitat de Barcelona. Facultat de Biologia. Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (Secció invertebrats). Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona (Catalunya). A/e: [email protected], [email protected] Rebut: 25.11.2017. Acceptat: 12.12.2017. Publicat: 08.01.2018 a b Figure 1. SEM pictures of Torymus sinensis collected in Catalonia: (a) male antenna, (b) female habitus. Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, 1951 (Hym., Cynipi- untries took this initiative as well: France from 2011-2013 dae), an Oriental pest in chestnut (Castanea spp), was detect- (Borowiec et al., 2014), Croatia and Hungary in 2014-2015 ed for the first time in the Iberian Peninsula in 2012 (Pujade- (Matoševič et al., 2015) and Slovenia in 2015 (Matošević et Villar et al., 2013). It was introduced accidentally in Europe, al., 2015). Once released this species does not only occupy via Italy in 2002, according to (Brussino et al., 2002). the area of liberation but spreads into others due to its gre- Torymus sinensis Kamijo, 1982 (Fig. 1) is a parasitoid, nati- at mobility. There have been some test-releases in Spain and ve from China, and a specific species attackingD.
  • A New Genus, Zhurbenkoa, and a Novel Nutritional Mode Revealed in the Family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)

    A New Genus, Zhurbenkoa, and a Novel Nutritional Mode Revealed in the Family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)

    Mycologia ISSN: 0027-5514 (Print) 1557-2536 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/umyc20 A new genus, Zhurbenkoa, and a novel nutritional mode revealed in the family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) Adam Flakus, Javier Etayo, Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Martin Kukwa, Zdeněk Palice & Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus To cite this article: Adam Flakus, Javier Etayo, Sergio Pérez-Ortega, Martin Kukwa, Zdeněk Palice & Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus (2019) A new genus, Zhurbenkoa, and a novel nutritional mode revealed in the family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), Mycologia, 111:4, 593-611, DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1603500 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603500 Published online: 28 May 2019. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 235 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=umyc20 MYCOLOGIA 2019, VOL. 111, NO. 4, 593–611 https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1603500 A new genus, Zhurbenkoa, and a novel nutritional mode revealed in the family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) Adam Flakus a, Javier Etayo b, Sergio Pérez-Ortega c, Martin Kukwa d, Zdeněk Palice e, and Pamela Rodriguez-Flakus f aDepartment of Lichenology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Krakow, Poland; bNavarro Villoslada 16, 3° dcha., E-31003 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; cReal Jardín Botánico, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014 Madrid, Spain; dDepartment of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, PL-80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; eInstitute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic; fLaboratory of Molecular Analyses, W.
  • New Species and New Records of American Lichenicolous Fungi

    New Species and New Records of American Lichenicolous Fungi

    DHerzogiaIEDERICH 16: New(2003): species 41–90 and new records of American lichenicolous fungi 41 New species and new records of American lichenicolous fungi Paul DIEDERICH Abstract: DIEDERICH, P. 2003. New species and new records of American lichenicolous fungi. – Herzogia 16: 41–90. A total of 153 species of lichenicolous fungi are reported from America. Five species are described as new: Abrothallus pezizicola (on Cladonia peziziformis, USA), Lichenodiplis dendrographae (on Dendrographa, USA), Muellerella lecanactidis (on Lecanactis, USA), Stigmidium pseudopeltideae (on Peltigera, Europe and USA) and Tremella lethariae (on Letharia vulpina, Canada and USA). Six new combinations are proposed: Carbonea aggregantula (= Lecidea aggregantula), Lichenodiplis fallaciosa (= Laeviomyces fallaciosus), L. lecanoricola (= Laeviomyces lecanoricola), L. opegraphae (= Laeviomyces opegraphae), L. pertusariicola (= Spilomium pertusariicola, Laeviomyces pertusariicola) and Phacopsis fusca (= Phacopsis oxyspora var. fusca). The genus Laeviomyces is considered to be a synonym of Lichenodiplis, and a key to all known species of Lichenodiplis and Minutoexcipula is given. The genus Xenonectriella is regarded as monotypic, and all species except the type are provisionally kept in Pronectria. A study of the apothecial pigments does not support the distinction of Nesolechia and Phacopsis. The following 29 species are new for America: Abrothallus suecicus, Arthonia farinacea, Arthophacopsis parmeliarum, Carbonea supersparsa, Coniambigua phaeographidis, Diplolaeviopsis
  • Species Evolution in Lichen Symbiosis: Tephromela Atra Species- Complex As a Model Study

    Species Evolution in Lichen Symbiosis: Tephromela Atra Species- Complex As a Model Study

    ©Institut f. Erdwissensch., Geol. u. Paläont., Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz; download www.biologiezentrum.at Species evolution in lichen symbiosis: Tephromela atra species- complex as a model study Muggia, L. & Grube, M. Institute of Plant Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Lichens constitute one of the most wide-spread fungal symbioses. However, the contribution of symbiotic relationships to species diversification is still under-investigated among this group of fungi. Lichenized fungi (mycobionts) depend on their association with an algal partner to form the symbiotic structure. These fungi are found only in the lichenized stage, and therefore represent interesting models to address questions of evolution under symbiotic conditions. The classification of lichens relies largely on morphology, but many species are heterogeneous and represent unresolved species complexes. In these cases the morphological classification fails to resolve species complexes and identify uniform species. Furthermore, species complexes prevent the understanding to what extent mycobiont genotypes correlate with photobiont selectivity. We investigate the genetic aspects of the symbiotic speciation of lichens using taxa belonging to the cosmopolitan Tephromela atra species complex as models. Tephromela atra has been considered as a phenotypically and ecologically plastic, cosmopolitan species occurring on diverse substrata. It is an example par excellence for a lichen species complex in Europe with taxa that were controversially considered as varieties or species. Further, the association of Tephromela atra with different photobiont species could indicate a certain degree of selectivity or specificity for the algal partners in diverse habitats, and can play a determinant role in speciation processes.
  • Lichens of Ireland

    Lichens of Ireland

    Online edition: ew 2009-0900 Print edition: ISSN 2009-8464 ISSUE 16 Autumn/Winter 2017 Lichens of Ireland From Local to Global Irish citizen scientists contributing to the global biodiversity database The Crayfish Plague Are we on the brink of Irish Crayfish extinction? Biodiversity Tales All the news from recording schemes for butterflies, bugs and birds Contents NEWS ......................................................................................................................................................3 Biodiversity Ireland Issue 16 Autumn/Winter 2017 Would you like to put your local wildlife on the map?.............................................6 Biodiversity Ireland is published by the National We.ask.some.of.Ireland’s.biodiversity.recorders.why.they.record Biodiversity Data Centre. Enquiries should be sent to the editor, Juanita Browne, [email protected] Annual Recorders Field Meeting 2017..................................................................................9 The National Biodiversity Data Centre, Beechfield House, WIT West Campus, Recorders.hit.windswept.Belmullet.in.search.of.the.Great.Yellow.Bumblebee Carriganore, Waterford. Tel: +353 (0)51 306240 GBIF: Global Biodiversity Information Facility ......................................................... .10 Email: [email protected] Web: www.biodiversityireland.ie Ireland.playing.its.part.in.recording.the.Earth’s.biodiversity Management Board Giving Irish wildlife a well-needed check-up ................................................................12
  • Enforced Fungal-Algal Symbioses in Alginate Spheres

    Enforced Fungal-Algal Symbioses in Alginate Spheres

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università di Trieste Enforced fungal-algal symbioses in alginate spheres Lucia Muggia1*, Sigrun Kraker2, Theodora Gößler2, Martin Grube2 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy 2Institut of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria *Corresponding author: Dr. Lucia Muggia Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy [email protected] 0039-040-558-8825. Abstract The thallus structure of the lichen symbiosis provides a fungal shelter for the growth of algal partners. The long-living thallus also provides a habitat for other fungi, but experimental studies, which could inform us about the details of their interactions have hardly been conducted. We present a new approach by embedding axenically cultured strains of fungi together with algae in alginate spheres, which allows easy transfer of co- cultures on solid media. As the growth rates of the organisms are differentially triggered by the underlying medium, alginate embedding can help to adjust optimal parameters for stable culture of the combined symbionts. In our experiments, direct contacts between hyphae and algae and the formation of layered structures were observed in a fungus that is living as a commensal in the host lichen without visible symbiotic structures. The growth of primary lichen symbionts cannot be accelerated by alginate embedding so far, but our approach could artificially enforce symbiotic interactions that are not normally observed in nature. Keywords: co-culture, encapsulation, lichens, mixed growth, photobionts, synthetic symbiosis.
  • Phytohormone Release by Three Isolated Lichen Mycobionts and the Effects of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on Their Compatible Photobionts

    Phytohormone Release by Three Isolated Lichen Mycobionts and the Effects of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on Their Compatible Photobionts

    Symbiosis (2020) 82:95–108 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13199-020-00721-9 Phytohormone release by three isolated lichen mycobionts and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid on their compatible photobionts Gregor Pichler1 & Wolfgang Stöggl1 & Daniela Trippel1 & Fabio Candotto Carniel2 & Lucia Muggia 2 & Claudio Gennaro Ametrano2,3 & Tuğçe Çimen1,4 & Andreas Holzinger1 & Mauro Tretiach2 & Ilse Kranner1 Received: 13 July 2020 /Accepted: 14 September 2020 / Published online: 22 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Evidence is emerging that phytohormones represent key inter-kingdom signalling compounds supporting chemical communi- cation between plants, fungi and bacteria. The roles of phytohormones for the lichen symbiosis are poorly understood, partic- ularly in the process of lichenization, i.e. the key events which lead free-living microalgae and fungi to recognize each other, make physical contact and start developing a lichen thallus. Here, we studied cellular and extracellularly released phytohormones in three lichen mycobionts, Cladonia grayi, Xanthoria parietina and Tephromela atra, grown on solid medium, and the effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on their respective photobionts, Asterochloris glomerata, Trebouxia decolorans, Trebouxia sp. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) we found that mycobionts produced IAA, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). IAA represented the most abundant phytohormone produced and released by all mycobionts, whereas SA was released by X. parietina and T. atra, and JA was released by C. grayi only. With a half-life of 5.2 days, IAA degraded exponentially in solid BBM in dim light. When IAA was exogenously offered to the mycobionts’ compatible photobionts at “physiological” concentrations (as released by their respective mycobionts and accumulated in the medium over seven days), the photobionts’ water contents increased up to 4.4%.
  • Molecular Support for the Recognition of the Mycoblastus Fucatus Group As the New Genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)

    Molecular Support for the Recognition of the Mycoblastus Fucatus Group As the New Genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales)

    The Lichenologist 43(5): 445–466 (2011) © British Lichen Society, 2011 doi:10.1017/S0024282911000478 Molecular support for the recognition of the Mycoblastus fucatus group as the new genus Violella (Tephromelataceae, Lecanorales) Toby SPRIBILLE, Bernard GOFFINET, Barbara KLUG, Lucia MUGGIA, Walter OBERMAYER and Helmut MAYRHOFER Abstract: The crustose lichen genus Mycoblastus in the Northern Hemisphere includes eight recog- nized species sharing large, simple ascospores produced 1–2 per ascus in strongly pigmented biatorine apothecia. The monophyly of Mycoblastus and the relationship of its various species to Tephromelata- ceae have never been studied in detail. Data from ITS rDNA and the genes coding for translation elongation factor 1- and DNA replication licensing factor mini-chromosome maintenance complex 7 support the distinctness of Mycoblastus s. str. from the core of the Tephromelataceae, but recover M. fucatus and an undescribed Asian species as strongly supported within the latter group. We propose accommodating these two species in a new genus, Violella, which is characterized by its brownish inner ascospore walls, Fucatus-violet hymenial pigment granules and secondary chemistry, and discuss the position of Violella relative to Calvitimela and Tephromela. We describe the new species Violella wangii T. Sprib. & Goffinet to accommodate a new species with roccellic acid from Bhutan, China, India and the Russian Far East. We also exclude Mycoblastus indicus Awasthi & Agarwal from the genus Mycoblastus and propose for it the new combination Malmidea indica (Awasthi & Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib. Key words: ascus types, Asia, Calvitimela, EF1- gene, fatty acid, lichens, Malmidea, Mcm7 gene, phylogeny, pigment, taxonomy Introduction and varieties of M. sanguinarius that were The genus Mycoblastus is a widely distributed later raised to species rank.
  • Lichen Chemistry Is Concordant with Multilocus Gene Genealogy in the Genus Cetrelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

    Lichen Chemistry Is Concordant with Multilocus Gene Genealogy in the Genus Cetrelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

    Fungal Biology 123 (2019) 125e139 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Lichen chemistry is concordant with multilocus gene genealogy in the genus Cetrelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) * Kristiina Mark a, b, Tiina Randlane a, ,Goran€ Thor c, Jae-Seoun Hur d, Walter Obermayer e, Andres Saag a a Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia b Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia c Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden d Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, South Korea e Karl-Franzens-Universitat,€ Graz, Austria article info abstract Article history: The lichen genus Cetrelia represents a taxonomically interesting case where morphologically almost Received 8 May 2018 uniform populations differ considerably from each other chemically. Similar variation is not uncommon Received in revised form among lichenized fungi, but it is disputable whether such populations should be considered entities at 2 November 2018 the species level. Species boundaries in Cetrelia are traditionally delimited either as solely based on Accepted 22 November 2018 morphology or as combinations of morpho- and chemotypes. A dataset of four nuclear markers (ITS, IGS, Available online 14 December 2018 Mcm7, RPB1) from 62 specimens, representing ten Cetrelia species, was analysed within Bayesian and Corresponding Editor: Martin Grube maximum likelihood frameworks. Analyses recovered a well-resolved phylogeny where the traditional species generally were monophyletic, with the exception of Cetrelia chicitae and Cetrelia pseudolivetorum. Keywords: Species delimitation analyses supported the distinction of 15 groups within the studied Cetrelia taxa, Character evolution dividing three traditionally identified species into some species candidates.