TEPHROMELA John A. Elix [From Flora of Australia Volume 57 (2009)]

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TEPHROMELA John A. Elix [From Flora of Australia volume 57 (2009)] Tephromela M.Choisy, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 76: 522 (1929); from the Greek tephra (ash) and mela (jet-black), in reference to the colours of the thallus and the apothecial disc, respectively. Type: T. atra (Huds.) Hafellner Thallus crustose (lacking in lichenicolous species), warted or cracked and areolate, white, pale grey or yellow-green, corticate; hypothallus present or absent, when present occasionally visible between the areolae and forming a dark border to the thallus. Soredia and isidia present or absent; lobules absent. Photobiont a unicellular green alga; cells 6–12 μm diam., forming a continuous layer 25–120 μm thick. Medulla white, sometimes chalky, frequently containing lichen substances. Lower cortex absent. Ascomata apothecia, lecanorine, aspicilioid, biatorine or sublecideine, usually sessile, rarely stipitate, simple, constricted at the base, laminal or developing on margins between the areolae; disc black, ±round, weakly concave to strongly convex; thalline exciple present or reduced; proper exciple thin, ±inconspicuous. Epihymenium usually with violet, brown or greenish pigments, N+ red. Hymenium colourless below, violet to green above, amyloid. Hypothecium pale yellow to dark brown. Paraphyses simple or sparingly branched, 3–5 μm wide, thick-walled, with a gelatinous coating, swelling strongly in water; apices swollen or not, often green to violet-black. Asci clavate, 8-spored, Bacidia-type, with a large well-developed amyloid tholus containing an ocular chamber tipped by a pointed axial mass. Ascospores simple, rarely 1- septate, colourless, ellipsoidal, ovoid or subglobose, ±thick-walled, but without a distinct perispore, 7–14 × 5–9 μm. Conidiomata pycnidial, immersed; wall colourless except for green pigmentation around the ostiole; conidia formed pleurogenously; conidiophores of type VI (sensu Vobis, 1980). Conidia colourless, cylindrical to filiform, ±straight, 6–24 × 0.8–2.0 μm. Tephromela is a cosmopolitan genus of c. 40 species, 14 of which are known in Australia. These lichens are found in temperate to tropical regions where they grow on bark, wood, rock or on other lichens. The familial position of Tephromela has yet to be resolved. Preliminary molecular data (Miadłikowska et al., 2006) confirm a sister relationship with Mycoblastus Norman (Mycoblastaceae), but the genera differ markedly in their ascospores and secondary chemistry. Molecular data on additional taxa are required to establish whether the two genera should be referred to separate families. G.Vobis, Bau und Entwicklung der Flechten-Pycnidien und ihrer Conidien, Biblioth. Lichenol. 14: 1–141 (1980); H.Hertel & G.Rambold, Lecidea sect. Armeniacae: lecideoide Arten der Flechtengattungen Lecanora und Tephromela (Lecanorales), Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107: 469–501 (1985); H.Hertel, Bemerkenswerte Funde südhemispharischer, saxicoler Arten der Sammelgattung Lecidea, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 23: 321–340 (1987); H.Hertel, New records of lecideoid lichens from the Southern Hemisphere, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 28: 211–238 (1989); G.Rambold, A monograph of the saxicolous lecideoid lichens of Australia (excl. Tasmania), Biblioth. Lichenol. 34: 1–345 (1989); T.H.Nash III, K.Kalb & G.Rambold, Tephromela, Lichen Fl. Greater Sonoran Desert Region 2: 530–532 (2004); K.Kalb, New or otherwise interesting lichens II, Biblioth. Lichenol. 88: 301–329 (2004); J.A.Elix & K.Kalb, Two new species of Tephromela (Lecanoraceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia, Australas. Lichenol. 58: 27–31 (2006); J.Miadłikowska, F.Kauff, V.Hofstetter, E.Franker, M.Grube, J.Hafellner, V.Reeb, B.P.Hodkinson, M.Kukwa, R.Lücking, G.Hestmark, M.G.Otalora, A.Rauhut, B.Büdel, C.Scheidegger, E.Timdal, S.Stenroos, I.Brodo, G.B.Perlmutter, D.Ertz, P.Diederich, J.C.Lendemer, P.May, C.L.Schoch, A.E.Arnold, C.Gueidan, E.Tripp, R.Yahr, C.Robertson & F.Lutzoni, New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein coding genes, Mycologia 98: 1088–1103 (2006); K.Kalb, New or otherwise interesting lichens III, Biblioth. Lichenol. 95: 297–316 (2007); K.Kalb, New or otherwise interesting lichens IV, Sauteria 15: 239–247 (2008); J.A.Elix & K.Kalb, Additional new lichen taxa (lichenized Ascomycota) from Australia, Australas. Lichenol. 63: 30–36 (2008). 1 Thallus lichenicolous on Dirinaria spp. ..............................................................................7. T. cerasina 1: Thallus not lichenicolous ........................................................................................................................2 2 Thallus sorediate or isidiate (1:) ........................................................................................................3 2: Thallus lacking soredia and isidia ......................................................................................................4 3 Thallus sorediate (2) ....................................................................................................... 12. T. sorediata 3: Thallus isidiate .................................................................................................................... 9. T. isidiosa 4 Medulla UV–, KC–; only atranorin present (2:) .................................................................................5 4: Medulla UV+ blue-white, KC– or KC+ pink or red; additional substances present.............................6 5 Thallus saxicolous; ascospores ovoid to subglobose, 6.5–12.0 × 6–9 μm (4).............. 10. T. korundensis 5: Thallus corticolous; ascospores ellipsoidal, 9–11 × 6.0–6.5 μm. ..................................5. T. brisbanensis 6 Medulla KC–; pannaric acid and pannaric acid 6-methyl ester present (4:) ................. 8. T. connivens 6: Medulla KC+ pink or red; pannaric acid and pannaric acid 6-methyl ester absent. .............................7 7 Thallus with perlatolic and glomelliferic acids (major), saxicolous (6:).........................2. T. arafurensis 7: Thallus with stenosporonic, colensoic, alectoronic, physodic or α-collatolic acids (major), corticolous, lignicolous or saxicolous. .......................................................................................................................8 8 Thallus with physodic, colensoic or norcolensoic acids (major) (7:) ..................................................9 8: Thallus with stenosporonic, alectoronic or α-collatolic acids (major)...............................................11 9 Thallus with colensoic and norcolensoic acids (major), corticolous (8).............. ………….6. T. bunyana 9: Thallus with physodic acid (major), corticolous, lignicolous or saxicolous ............................ …………10 10 Thallus corticolous or lignicolous; ascospores 8–12 × 6.0–8.5 µm (9:) ..................... 11. T. physodica 10: Thallus saxicolous; ascospores 7.5–8.0 × 5.0–6.5 µm ..........................................14. T. territoriensis 11 Thallus with stenosporonic acid (major), saxicolous; thalline exciple thick (8:).....13. T. stenosporonica 11: Thallus with alectoronic or α-collatolic acids (major), corticolous, lignicolous or saxicolous; thalline exciple thin............................................................................................................................ …………12 12 Thallus with alectoronic acid (major) and α-collatolic acid (trace or absent) (11:).... 1. T. alectoronica 12: Thallus with α-collatolic acid (major) and alecotoronic acid (minor or absent) .........................……13 13 Hymenium not inspersed; thallus ±smooth (12:) ........................................................................3. T. atra 13: Hymenium inspersed; thallus bullate......................................................... ………… 4. T. austrolitoralis .
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  • Lichen Chemistry Is Concordant with Multilocus Gene Genealogy in the Genus Cetrelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

    Lichen Chemistry Is Concordant with Multilocus Gene Genealogy in the Genus Cetrelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota)

    Fungal Biology 123 (2019) 125e139 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Fungal Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funbio Lichen chemistry is concordant with multilocus gene genealogy in the genus Cetrelia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) * Kristiina Mark a, b, Tiina Randlane a, ,Goran€ Thor c, Jae-Seoun Hur d, Walter Obermayer e, Andres Saag a a Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, Tartu 51005, Estonia b Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia c Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden d Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-Ro, South Korea e Karl-Franzens-Universitat,€ Graz, Austria article info abstract Article history: The lichen genus Cetrelia represents a taxonomically interesting case where morphologically almost Received 8 May 2018 uniform populations differ considerably from each other chemically. Similar variation is not uncommon Received in revised form among lichenized fungi, but it is disputable whether such populations should be considered entities at 2 November 2018 the species level. Species boundaries in Cetrelia are traditionally delimited either as solely based on Accepted 22 November 2018 morphology or as combinations of morpho- and chemotypes. A dataset of four nuclear markers (ITS, IGS, Available online 14 December 2018 Mcm7, RPB1) from 62 specimens, representing ten Cetrelia species, was analysed within Bayesian and Corresponding Editor: Martin Grube maximum likelihood frameworks. Analyses recovered a well-resolved phylogeny where the traditional species generally were monophyletic, with the exception of Cetrelia chicitae and Cetrelia pseudolivetorum. Keywords: Species delimitation analyses supported the distinction of 15 groups within the studied Cetrelia taxa, Character evolution dividing three traditionally identified species into some species candidates.