Sky Notebook by Roger Loper and Suzanna Loper

Sky Notebook by Roger Loper and Suzanna Loper © 2018 by The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

These materials are based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grant numbers DRL-1119584, DRL-1417939, ESI-0242733, ESI-0628272, ESI-0822119. The Federal Government has certain rights in this material. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

These materials are based upon work partially supported by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R305A130610 to The Regents of the University of California. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent views of the Institute or the U.S. Department of Education.

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Grade 3 Sky Notebook ISBN: 978-1-943228-18-8 No matter where on Earth you live, you can see a piece of the sky. Observing the sky can tell you a lot about the weather. How does the sky change from one day to the next? Is the sun shining, or is it hidden by clouds? What color is the sky: blue, gray, or something in between? If the sky changes, does that tell you what kind of weather might be coming?

3 Scientists who study the weather are called meteorologists. Meteorologists observe weather and measure the temperature, the amount of precipitation, and more. They record their data in tables, graphs, and weather maps. Meteorologists look for patterns in their weather data. Noticing patterns helps meteorologists understand and predict the weather. You can notice weather patterns, too. Is the temperature warmer or colder when the sky is clear? After a storm, does the temperature change? A good way to find answers to questions like these is to start a sky notebook. A sky notebook is a place to record what you measure and observe about the weather that is happening in your piece of the sky. You can write in your sky notebook, record data, draw pictures, and even add photographs.

4 This book is my sky notebook. I live in the mountains of western Colorado, and it snows a lot here. I’m going to measure the depth of any snow that falls. I’ll go out the path by the back door and stick a ruler into the snow until it hits the ground. Then I’ll see where the top of the snow comes to on the ruler. I’ll measure the snow before my mom shovels the path. She shovels every afternoon, so I’ll know I’m always measuring new snow that fell in the last 24 hours. 5 January 24 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 33°F 0 mm partly cloudy

Every day when I get home from school, I’m going to take a picture of the sky. I’ll measure the temperature with a thermometer. I’ll write the temperature in a table, along with my snow measurements. Right now it’s sunny, but meteorologists are predicting that snow will fall tonight.

6 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

I’m going to paste in two kinds of weather maps for each day. Meteorologists made these maps from the data they collected. One map shows the temperature during the warmest part of the day. The other shows how much precipitation fell in the last 24 hours. Snow is one kind of precipitation. There’s also rain, hail, sleet, and more.

7 January 25 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 39°F 48 mm partly cloudy

It snowed last night, just like the meteorologists predicted. I measured 48 mm of new snow on the path, but the map says my area only got 12 mm of precipitation or less. I asked my mom why the numbers don’t match. She told me snow is fluffy, so there’s a lot less water in a millimeter of snow than there is in a millimeter of rain. Mom said the map must mean the snow that fell here had the same amount of water as there would be in 12 mm of rain. 8 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

What part of the country is the coldest today? What part is the warmest? (If you want to look up the names of states, you can use the map at the back of this book.)

9 January 26 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 40°F 0 mm partly cloudy

The temperature is almost the same as yesterday, and there are thin, wispy clouds streaking across the sky. I wonder what that means.

10 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

I notice that the precipitation map shows that my area of Colorado got some precipitation in the last 24 hours, but we didn’t get any at my house. Can you find where you live? Is the weather the same in your entire state?

11 January 27 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 43°F 0 mm overcast

It’s a little warmer than yesterday, but the sky is overcast. Meteorologists are predicting that a big snowstorm is on the way.

12 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

The temperature maps from the last few days show a pattern of warmer air moving to the north in one area. Can you find where that is happening?

13 January 28 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 40°F 103 mm overcast

Great big snowflakes are falling right now. The wind is blowing in very strong gusts. I wonder how much more snow will fall during this storm.

14 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

Which parts of the country have a lot of precipitation today? Do you think it’s snowing in all those places or could it be raining in some of them?

15 January 29 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 20°F 152 mm clear

The snowstorm kept going last night. Today I used a ruler to measure how much snow fell. The snow was 152 millimeters (6 inches) deep! The trees look beautiful, and you can see the new snow on the mountains in the distance. It’s a clear, sunny day, but it’s very cold.

16 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

Using the maps, can you find any places in the country that are warm and dry today?

17 January 30 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 31°F 76 mm overcast

We had another snowstorm this morning, and about 76 more millimeters (3 inches) of snow fell. Right now, it’s cold and cloudy, and the wind is strong. I think I’ll go inside and warm up.

18 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

Can you find a place that is dry but very cold today?

19 January 31 Temperature Depth of new snow Cloud cover 24°F 0 mm clear

The sky is blue today. There’s only a soft breeze, but it’s even colder than yesterday. The snow won’t be melting today!

20 Today’s High Temperatures

80°F or above 70°F to 79°F 60°F to 69°F 50°F to 59°F 40°F to 49°F 30°F to 39°F 20°F to 29°F 10°F to 19°F 0°F to 9°F below 0°F

I am here.

Precipitation in the Last 24 Hours

75 mm or more 50 mm to 74 mm 25 mm to 49 mm 13 mm to 24 mm 1 mm to 12 mm less than 1 mm

I am here.

The temperature map shows the highest temperatures for the whole day, which usually happen in the afternoon. I wonder what a map of the day’s low temperatures would show.

21 There are all sorts of things to notice in this sky notebook. What weather patterns can you observe? • Can you find the warmest day and the coldest day? • Can you find a day when precipitation fell over most of the United States? • What parts of the country had the coldest weather this week? • What parts of the country had the warmest weather this week?

22 New Hampshire Washington Vermont

Massachusetts Maine Montana North Dakota

Oregon Minnesota Michigan

Idaho Wisconsin South Dakota New York Wyoming Rhode Island Iowa Pennsylvania Connecticut Nebraska Nevada New Jersey Ohio Utah Illinois Indiana Delaware California Colorado Maryland Kansas Missouri Virginia Kentucky West Virginia North Carolina Tennessee Arizona Oklahoma Arkansas South New Mexico Carolina

Georgia Alabama Texas Louisiana Mississippi Alaska Florida

Hawaii

You can use this map to help you figure out which state is which on the weather maps in this book.

23 Glossary data: observations or measurements recorded in an investigation graph: a way of organizing data to show patterns measure: to use a tool to find out information such as how heavy, how big, how fast, or how hot or cold something is meteorologist: a scientist who studies and predicts weather observe: to use any of the five senses to gather information about something pattern: something we observe to be similar over and over again precipitation: water that falls to Earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail predict: to use what you already know to decide what you think might happen record: to draw or write down information temperature: how hot or cold something is weather: what is happening outside with the air and sky, including precipitation, temperature, and wind

24 Books for Weather and Climate: Sky Notebook Seeing the World Through Numbers What’s Going On with the Weather? Dangerous Weather Ahead World Weather Handbook

Lawrence Hall of Science: Program Directors: Jacqueline Barber and P. David Pearson Curriculum Director, Grades K–1: Alison K. Billman Curriculum Director, Grades 2–5: Jennifer Tilson

Lead Book Developers: Ashley Chase and Chloë Delafield

Weather and Climate Book Development Team: Lauren Mayumi Brodsky Emily Gibson Ben Schleifer Andrew Falk Tessaly Jen Lizzy Vlasses

Amplify: Irene Chan Charvi Magdaong Matt Reed Samuel Crane Thomas Maher Eve Silberman Shira Kronzon Rick Martin Steven Zavari

Design and Production: Fran Biderman-Gross, advantages.net

Credits: Illustrations: Pages 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21: NOAA National Weather Service Photographs: Cover, Page 1: iStock.com/bluerabbit; Page 3: Shutterstock; Page 4: (l) NOAA; (m) MMAC/FAA; (r) NOAA National Weather Service; Page 5: Suzanna Loper; Pages 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22: Roger Loper; Page 23: U.S. Department of the Interior Weather and Climate

What happens in your piece of the sky? You can record your observations of the weather in a sky notebook, just like the kid in this book. See examples of temperature and precipitation maps, and learn how to keep track of changes in the weather.

3 Published and Distributed by Amplify. www.amplify.com