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Apresentação 1 RIA FORMOSA Challenges of a coastal lagoon in a changing environment Edited by Jaime Aníbal, Ana Gomes, Isabel Mendes & Delminda Moura CIMA CENTRO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO MARINHA E AMBIENTAL RIA FORMOSA Challenges of a coastal lagoon in a changing environment Edited by Jaime Aníbal Ana Gomes Isabel Mendes Delminda Moura Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA) University of Algarve, Portugal Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro CIMA CENTRO DE INVESTIGAÇÃO MARINHA E AMBIENTAL Title: RIA FORMOSA. Challenges of a coastal lagoon in a changing environment Editors: Jaime Aníbal, Ana Gomes, Isabel Mendes & Delminda Moura Cover image Schematic representation of Ria Formosa lagoon (2015) Credits Sónia Oliveira (CIMA) Graphic Design Grácio Editor 1st Edition: July 2019 ISBN: 978-989-8859-72-3 Depósito legal nº: 455364/19 To cite a chapter of this book: Name of the author/s (2019). Title of the chapter. In: Aníbal, J., Gomes, A., Mendes, I. & Moura, D. (eds.), Ria Formosa: challenges of a coastal lagoon in a changing environment. 1st edition. University of Algarve. Faro, ISBN 978-989-8859-72-3, pp. pages of the chapter Persistent identifier: https://sapientia.ualg.pt/handle/10400.1/12475 © Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA) University of Algarve, Portugal Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro CONTENTS Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................................7 Contributors.......................................................................................................................................7 Foreword.............................................................................................................................................9 Preface..............................................................................................................................................11 Miguel Marques 1. Introduction..............................................................................................................................13 Delminda Moura, Jaime Aníbal, Isabel Mendes & Ana Gomes 2. Backbarrier shores along the Ria Formosa lagoon................................................17 A. Rita Carrasco & Ana Matias 3. Role of the Ria Formosa inlets on the physical, chemical ............................... and biological exchanges with the adjoining ocean ............................................29 Alexandra Cravo & José Jacob 4. The role of Ria Formosa as a waste water receiver.................................................47 Filipe Veríssimo, Flávio Martins & João Janeiro 5. Role of microbes in the Ria Formosa lagoon.............................................................67 Helena M. Galvão, Pedro J. Mendes, Sandra M. Caetano, .................................................... John D. Icely & Alice Newton 6. Ecological dynamics of green macroalgae Ulvales .......................................... in Ria Formosa: a tale of blooms and shapes ...........................................................83 Jaime Aníbal 7. Metal contamination in Ria Formosa saltmarsh .............................................. sediments and halophyte vegetation ..........................................................................99 Manuela Moreira da Silva, Duarte Duarte & Luís Chícharo 8. Human impact in the Ria Formosa lagoon .............................................................109 Maria João Bebianno, Patrícia Pedro, Ângela Serafim, ....................................................... Belisandra Lopes & Alice Newton 9. Marine energy prototype testing at Ria Formosa................................................125 André Pacheco, Eduardo Gorbeña & Cláudia Sequeira 10. The application of remote sensing for monitoring the Ria Formosa: .......... the sentinel missions.......................................................................................................139 Sónia Cristina, John Icely & Alice Newton GLOSSARY....................................................................................................................................153 ANNEXES.......................................................................................................................................165 Acknowledgments This book results from the research done in CIMA with national funds from FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology (Portugal) [UID/MAR/00350/2013CIMA]. Contributors In addition to the authors of the various chapters, other scientists contributed to this book. Scientific reviewers Cláudia Dias Sequeira Maria Adelaide de Pinho Almeida Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA) Departamento de Biologia e Centro de Estudos Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Ambiente e do Mar Universidade do Algarve CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar [email protected] Universidade de Aveiro [email protected] Cristina Maria de Almeida Bernardes Departamento de Geociências Maria Jacinta da Silva Fernandes CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar CEPAC - Centro de Estudos em Paisagem, Património e Universidade de Aveiro Construção [email protected] Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade do Algarve Joaquim Manuel Freire Luís [email protected] IDL - Instituto Dom Luís Universidade do Algarve Miguel José Martins Caetano [email protected] IPMA - Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera Division of Oceanography and Marine Environment Lúcia Maria das Candeias Guilhermino [email protected] Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar da Universidade do Porto e Paulo Miguel da Costa Zaragoza de Oliveira Pedro CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha Centro de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIMA) e Ambiental Universidade do Algarve [email protected] [email protected] Manuela Falcão Ex-Instituto Português de Investigação Marítima (IPIMAR) CRIP Sul-Olhão [email protected] 7 Foreword The Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA) is a multidisciplinary research centre of the University of Algarve. In addition to the scientific research and technological innovation, CIMA is involved in service delivery, graduate training and knowledge transference to the society. The CIMA researchers develop their scientific activity using a multidisciplinary approach, which contributes to produce an integrate knowledge of the ecosystems’ behaviour and to understand the evolution resulting from global changes and anthropogenic impacts. These activities are developed in several territorial foci, of which the Ria Formosa is one of the most intensely studied by the CIMA researchers. More than 60 titles of scientific papers published so far in journals of international circulation contain the designation of Ria Formosa. Many other dozens of scientific articles are also devoted to the study of the Ria Formosa barrier-island system without including this designation in the title. Dozens of master's and doctoral theses from various national and foreign universities have investigated Ria Formosa's ecology, biology, morphology, hydrodynamics, evolution and socio-economy. Thus, why CIMA decided to publish this book over the Ria Formosa? Precisely because of the intrinsic scientific value of this extraordinary wet zone located in the southern coast of the Algarve, and also several researchers of the CIMA investigate or have investigated the Ria Formosa in its multiple aspects as we can see throughout the chapters of this book. The scientific dissemination is the main goal of this book. It synthesizes part of the scientific knowledge undertaken by various researchers allowing an integrated view of the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon. The book does not pretend to be exhaustive, as many other works have been carried out. However, we think that readers will find information for an integrated view of the Ria Formosa coastal lagoon. We have tried to convey some of our knowledge, in a simple but scientifically correct language. This compromise is sometimes difficult to achieve. Hence, we have included in each chapter text boxes that explain the less common concepts and also a glossary at the end of the book. Other scientists named in this book, to whom the editors and authors are grateful, have reviewed the chapters and illustrated some annexes. It is our hope that this book may contribute to the dissemination of the scientific knowledge, which is a common objective of the University of Algarve and the Centre for Marine and Environmental Research (CIMA: http://www.cima.ualg.pt/). Editors 9 Preface Miguel Marques Economist, Specialist in Marine Affairs This book entitled "RIA FORMOSA. Challenges of a coastal lagoon in a changing environment" is an astonishing exercise of disclosing the main challenges of Ria Formosa, a vital lagoon for the Algarve Region and for Portugal as a whole. Coastal interface areas between sea and land are very important, rich, sensitive and extremely dynamic areas. There are multiple and complex changes that, either by nature or by human action, occur in coastal zones, from erosion to silting phenomena, from changes in currents to floods ... This lagoon system, protected by barrier-islands with dunes, is the support of relevant economic activities. Apparently, these barrier-islands were born in the sea and are in permanent movement, towards the continent. The movement is visible, within a decade, there are areas of sand that are decreasing dangerously and others to gain more sand. The example of the Ria Formosa reminds us of the need for any planning of activities, industrial or non- industrial,
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