Chronology of the AIDS Pandemic: 1980’S (Lloyd Foundation Grantees in Bold)

Chronology of the AIDS Pandemic: 1980’s (Lloyd Foundation grantees in bold)

• First HIV antibody test approved, blood supply screened • First International Conference on AIDS held in Atlanta

• AmFAR (American Foundation for AIDS Research) and Project Inform are founded • Rock Hudson dies from AIDS • At least one HIV/AIDS case has been reported from every region of the world • First report of mother-to-child transmission of HIV via • Price of AZT lowered by 20% following two breast milk years of ACT UP protests • 13 year-old Ryan White, a hemophiliac with AIDS, is • NIH allows those who do not qualify for barred from school and becomes an activist clinical trials access to experimental drugs • National Commission on AIDS is created • First case reported in Africa of “slim disease” • First AIDS-related play, The Normal Heart, by Larry • CDC links the disease to blood Kramer, opens in New York • Gay Men’s Health Crisis (GMHC) is established • First Congressional hearings held on HIV/AIDS • World Health Organization (WHO) declares December 1 • CDC establishes the term Acquired Immune San Francisco • Informal needle – World AIDS Day Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) orders bath exchange begins in • Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation is started • President Reagan’s press secretary jokes about AIDS houses closed Boston • First comprehensive needle exchange program is begun during press briefing • First cases reported • in Russia and India Condom use is shown to be an effective prevention method • First panel of the U.S. Centers • The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that AIDS quilt is made for Disease causes AIDS is identified • US Surgeon Control General C. Everett • First anti-AIDS drug (AZT) is introduced, annual cost • The CDC warns blood banks of possible of treatment is $10,000 (CDC) problem with blood supply Koop issues report • US rejects HIV-infected immigrants and travelers reports on five • National Association of People with AIDS calling for condom • FDA shortens drug-approval process (5) cases of an (NAPWA) is formed use and sex- unusual education; and he • And the Band Played On by Randy Shilts is published • A major outbreak of AIDS is reported in central disease in gay mails AIDS info to Africa • AIDS Healthcare Foundation, National Minority AIDS men every US Council, ACT Up, National Black Leadership • AIDS Project Los Angeles (APLA) is founded household Commission on AIDS in the US and TASO (The AIDS Service Organisation) in Uganda are formed

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 US: 234 deaths US: 853 deaths US: 2,304 deaths US: 4,251 deaths US: 5,636 deaths US: 2,960 deaths US: 4,135 deaths US: 4,855 deaths US: 14,544 deaths

Chronology of the AIDS Pandemic: 1990’s (Lloyd Foundation milestones boxed in red, grantees in bold)

• Magic Johnson announces that he is infected • First oral HIV test approved by • Nevirapine, first non-nucleoside reverse • Red ribbon is introduced as the international FDA transcriptase inhibitor, is approved symbol of AIDS awareness • Elizabeth Glaser, Randy Shilts and • California voters approve medical use of marijuana • WHO estimates 10 million have been MTV’s Real World star, Pedro • TIME magazine’s Man of the Year is AIDS infected Zamora die researcher, Dr. David Ho • AIDS becomes leading cause of • Brazil begins national ARV distribution death for Americans aged 25 to 44 • Viral load test is approved • AEGiS is • Nevirapine becomes the • WHO estimates at least 19.5 • First decline in new US AIDS cases founded drug of choice in preventing million have been infected • Joint United Nations Programme on AIDS • Ryan White mother-to-child- • Studies show AZT can dramatically (UNAIDS) is begun dies transmission reduce mother-to-child- • International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) • Ryan White transmission (MTCT) • First human vaccine trial in forms to coordinate and speed research a developing country is Care Act • FDA starts passes accelerated approval begun in Thailand Congress for AIDS drugs • Int’l AIDS • Quick approval • PWAs Bob Hattoy • Female condom (97 days) of first Conference in and Elizabeth Glaser is approved • African American leaders San Francisco protease inhibitor • AIDS-related deaths in speak at Democratic • President declare AIDS in the Black is boycotted marks start of new the US decline by over convention, while Clinton community a “state of due to US highly active 40% (due to HAART) PWA Mary Fisher appoints AIDS antiretroviral emergency” immigration • Approximately 6.4 addresses the czar therapy (HAART), • Supreme Court rules that policy million people Republican • Signs emerge of which combine Americans with Disabilities • Americans worldwide have died convention AZT resistance three or more Act covers PWAs with from AIDS • Arthur Ashe AIDS drugs to • First signs of treatment failure Disabilities among long- announces that he decrease chance of • WHO estimates 30.6 and side effects from HAART Act is passed, term users has AIDS resistance million are living with • Treatment Action Campaign and protects • Tony Kushner’s • Treatment Action HIV is formed in South Africa to PWAs from Angels in • NAPWA creates Group founded • First human AIDS advocate for access to discrimination America wins first National HIV Pulitzer Prize Testing Day, June vaccine trials begin treatment 27

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 US: 18,447 US: 20,454 deaths; US: 23,411 US: 41,920 US: 32,330 US: 48,371 US: 34,947 US: 21,399 deaths US: 17,403 US: 16,692 deaths deaths Global: 10 million deaths deaths deaths deaths deaths Global: 30.6 million deaths infected Global: 19.5 infected million infected First JMLF grant First JMLF public First JMLF grant for First JMLF grant to grantee based awarded: $5,000 policy grant awarded: Africa awarded: outside of the US awarded: $12,000 John M. Lloyd dies to AIDS Project Largest JMLF grant awarded: $30,000 to AIDS $24,000 to Harvard to the National Center for AIDS and John M. Lloyd Los Angeles for $100,000 to Elizabeth Glaser Healthcare Foundation AIDS Institute to Prevention & Control (China) for Foundation is Creative Writing Pediatric AIDS Foundation to publish AIDS policy create a safe blood mother-to-child transmission established for a career development Workshop for watch newsletters supply for Botswana research project award for up-and-coming PWAs scientists Chronology of the AIDS Pandemic: 2000’s (Lloyd Foundation milestones boxed in red, grantees in bold)

• United Nations General Assembly convenes first ever special session on AIDS (UNGASS) • World Trade Organization (WTO) announces “Doha Agreement” to allow developing nations to buy generic drugs • A new study shows that 14% of newly infected in US already show signs of resistance to one or more AIDS drugs • Bush administration begins to promote abstinence-only programs • AIDS has killed more than 25 million • AIDS becomes the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa people since 1982 • More than 8,000 die from AIDS daily • More than 13,000 become infected with HIV daily • International AIDS Conference is held • President Bush unveils $15 billion/5 year “President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS • in a developing nation for the first time Relief (PEPFAR)” Half of all new infections occur in young people aged 15 to 24 (Durban, South Africa) • At least a third of US AID AIDS prevention funding must go toward abstinence- • • US and UN Security Councils declare only programs Africa has 12 million AIDS orphans • HIV/AIDS a security threat • WHO announces “3 by 5 Initiative” to bring treatment to 3 million by 2005 Death rate in the US has dropped, while infection rate remains steady at • US authorizes up to $600 million for • South African announces a government-sponsored ARV treatment program about 40,000 new infections annually international AIDS relief • First vaccine to undergo a full trial is proven ineffective • • UNAIDS and WHO announce joint New class of drugs is developed - initiative with major drug makers to Integrase Inhibitors negotiate reduced prices for developing countries • The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, • Millenium Development Goals Tuberculosis, and Malaria • G8 leaders call for creation of “Global HIV Vaccine announced; reversing the spread of begins; first grants are approved • Indian drug maker becomes first to HIV, malaria and TB is among the 8 • HIV is the leading cause of Enterprise” to coordinate and speed vaccine gain approval to produce generic goals deaths for 15-59 year-old ARVs for PEPFAR grantees • Southern Africa becomes epicenter of worldwide development • First round of PEPFAR • WHO’s “3 by 5” goal of treating 3 pandemic; in Botswana, up to 25% of • Women now represent nearly million by 2005 is not met, adults and 40% of pregnant women are half of all those infected funding begins (13 countries in Africa, one in however large scale treatment infected • FDA approves 20-minute rapid Asia and one in the programs in developing countries • South African President Thabo Mbeki test Caribbean are targeted) are begun questions whether HIV causes AIDS • First fusion inhibitor (Fuzeon) is • UNAIDS reports that 40.3 million developed are living with HIV

2001 2000 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 US: 17,139 deaths US: 17,611 deaths US: 17,544 deaths US: 17,849 deaths US: 15,798 deaths Global: 3.1 million deaths; Global: 3 million deaths; 5.3 million Global: 3.1 million deaths; 5 4.9 million new infections; new infections; 36.1 million infected million new infections 40.3 million infected

JMLF Board holds strategic • Last regular cycle JMLF • Last JMLF Medical Research grant awarded: th Healthcare & Services $15,000 Aaron Diamond AIDS Research First annual John M. Lloyd planning session and shifts JMLF marks 15 grants awarded Center for needle re-use study in Cameroon AIDS Project at Stony Point funding focus from Education, anniversary with retreat in New • JMLF payout reaches • Geographic funding focus shifts from Center is held: Physicians for Prevention and Public Policy Human Rights launch Health Mexico historic high of $489,600 domestic to international and global program areas to the four current Action AIDS Campaign • Maximum grant award limit of $20,000 is funding objectives established