THE BOTANYOF Goua~TSLAND.-I. Phanerogams and Periis. By R. N. RUDMOSEBROWN, B.Sc., Botaniat of the Scottish National Aiitarctic Expediticm. (Communicated b. Mi. W. BOTTINOHENSLET, F.H.S., F.L.S.) [Rrnd 4th Mar, 1!)05.]

(1’IATES 7-9.) GorGii ISLAND,or Diego Alrarex, whic!i lies in the mid-South A tlautic (Lat. 4.0’ 20‘ S., Imig. 9’ 56’ 30” W.), may be regarded as tlie most outlying islillId of tlie TrisiiLri da Cunha group. It lics Y.E. by 8. about 220 iiiiles iioiii Kightingde Jsland, the ilearest island of the groril). It is a small island si.nie 7 or 8 mile3 in a northerly aiid soiitherlg direction and 3 or 4 miles east aud webt. It rises to a height of about 4000 feet. The idend has never beeii peririariently inhabited, though tlio islaiiders of Tristmi da Cunlla appear to lm\e occanionally visited it according to Mr. JI oseley *. From August 1888 to J-muary 1880 a party of twelve meir belonging to a Kew Londori sealing schooner lived there. One of these men (George Comer), who appears to have had pome lrnoxledge of scieiice, besides bringiug himc tome bird-skins and eggs, kept a diary in which are a few notes relating to platits. Cuirier ^t- says ‘‘ there are two kiiidd of trees, though while one is pl~~iitifiil,the other is quite scarce. The grass and brakes grow very rank.” “Wood is plentiful. The trees are stunted, but quite lliick in some places on the island.” “ The trees retaiii iheir leaves tile year round.” “ The thick bushes extend to ail elevation ot’ about 2000 feet.” The tree referred to is no doubt

Phylica nitida, uliile pomib!y the other “ tree ’I is the tree-fern Loinnria Boryizna. Coiner also states that lie fuurid some putttoes growing wild where there uscd to be a cerrip of seulera 18 years ago.” Near the landing-place, on \:list is appareiicly the ody piece of level ground near aea-level, ruins of one or tLvo huts are to be seen. These, I alterwards Found at Cape Town, had been iuhabitad in the year 1892 by a party of sealers from South Africa who hid spent thirteen months on thc island. Tim eeirling had proved a coiiiparatire failure, aud they had uot

* Mosrley, Journ. Linii. SOL,But. xi?. (1874) p. 384. t Vcrrlll, Trans. Curiii. dcsd. iu. (1895) lit. ii. 11. 432. TIIF: mr.Lxr OF CIOUGII rsr,.mD. 2.39 rcturried. SouLh-Sda whalers have occasionally touched here arid even brought back collections of birds aud rocks, but no plants seem to have b-en gathered. These whalers, chiefly dmericaqi, are no doubt responsible for several introduced plants on the islmd. All that was pre\-iously lruowa of the botany of' Gough Island mas the statement of the Tristan da Cunliaiis that Phylica grew there, slid that several of tlie other plnnts were similar to the Tristan species. The Scottish National Rritarctic Expedition, on its return from the Antarctic ltegions in April 1904, made a stay of thrcle daj s off this island ; but oiily 011 one (April 22iid) was it podde, owing to the high sea running, to effect a landing, and even on that day it was only accomplished with difficulty. The extremely bad aiichorage aid the squally nature of the wind made it iiiiperntivc: that the shore party should keep within easg reach in the everit of a suddeii recall being necessary. This was unfortunate, as it preveuted a visit to the higher ground, where several other species might have been found. On approacliiug the islatid one is struck by the amount of green to be seen: from the higheat summit to the water's edge it seems to be clothed with vegatatioii, aiid even the steepest precipices, iii which the lalid usually meets the sea, have their coveririg of moss. Rainfall is probably great, as evidenced in the cascades of water pouring over the cliffs on all sides. Comer * notes inces- sant strong gales with mist, raiu, and siiowiii the meteorological log he kcapt while on the island, but he apparently took very few readings of the air-temperature. Probably, however, the climate of Gough Islatid is very similar to that of Tristan da Cuuha, where the temperature varied from 48" F. in winter to 74" 17. in suininer, and the precipitstiori is excessive the whole year round. At the time of our viait there was ao snow-cap on the summit. On the eastern side of the island a torreut coming down to the sea has cut a deep glen, aiid this seems to afford the only practicable road to the iiiterior. It was here ttat a landiiig was effected+. On landing one notices the rankness of the vegetation. Above high-water docks (R~mex$*utescem)and the wild celery grow in

* VerrJl, Trans. Coun. Acad. ix. (1895) pt. ii. p. 471. For i~ fuller account of Guugli Island, sce Scot. Gcog. khg. sx: (11)05) 1'. 4:jo. 24 0 Ylt. It. N. RUDNOSE BROWN OX luxuriant profusion, and in more stony ground I found several plmts of the sow-thistle (Sonchus oZerncrzis)--these latter in flower. The tussac-grass (Xpartina arundinacea) was not, at the plncc of landing, so abundant as in other parts of the coast, but here and there on the hillsides down to sen-level there were large tufts of it. In habit it is very similar to the tussac-grass of the Palliland Islands, but doe3 not appear to grow in such mawes as to almost etitirdy exclude other plants as it does on those islands.

The only sward-forming " grass " seems to be Xcirpus (spp.) : on the southern aide of the stream vJas about half an acre of this, making a rich pasture. Other grasses are to be found, but growing in more isolated tufts. The characteristic tree of the Tristan da Cunha group (PhyEica nitida) iR \cell represented, and grows 011 Gough Island from about 2000 feet to ~ea-level,but above 100 feet it is most plentiful. The tree grows some 20 or 30 feet in height even on the most exposed ridges. The stems are not very thick, not more than 10 to 12 inches, and the branches are long and straggling, with leaves only at the extreme ends. Most of the branches are thickIy encrusted with lichens. Tree-ferns grow in the rich ground beside the stream, and reach a height of 4 feet or more. The beach is thickly strewn with water-worn stems of these ferns, which have probably been brought down by the stream when in spate, carried into the sea and washed up on to the beach. Several species of ferns grow in nooks and crannies of the nioist rocks, and apparently easily obtain a footiiig in the relatively soft volcanic ash. Mosses are plentiful everywhere, and in the bed of the stream 1 got several specimens of a liver- wort. The only plants in flower were Sonchus oleraceits and Apium austrule and two species of Rwnex, and the majority of even these were in seed. Gnaphrclium pyrmiiidnle bore n ithered flowers, and Phylica nitida and Empetrum niyrurn, wr. rubriiq were in fruit in a few places. I found no trace of any plants introduced for cultivation by the settlers whose ruitied huts we found. Beg ond the huts was half nn acre of gi ound beset with tree-stumps, the remains, no doubt, of the native tree which they had cut down fvr firewood. The plants of Gough Island have, as might he expected, proved to be very sitnilar to those of Tristan da Cullha. The present collection contains seveuteen species of phanerogams and ten of nm no’r INT OF OOUCIII TSTAS~. 2.41 ferns. Four of the seventeen species of phaiierogams arc almost l~itlioutdoubt introdluced (IQpochPris glnbm, Sonchus olwnceus, Ruwx ohtirsifolius, aid 2’lnnta.yo nzajor). Of the remaining 21 specie+ of Gough Island planta, eighteen avrecorded from Tristnn da Crinha-one (I[ydrocofyle lnrcoc~phala)is a Soutli- Anieiicaii plant and two are endemic (Cotula sp. nov. and Asplenium sp. nov.). Of the eighteen species also recorded frotn Tristan da Cunha, four certainly, and probably six, are endemic to the group. The mosses, I;verworts, lichen@, and fungi, the determination of which is not quite complete, will form the subject of a second paper. In co~rcluuion,I have to thank the authorities at Kew and the British Museum for the f~iciliticsgranted me for working in their herbaria. To Mr. C. B. Clnrlre I am particularly iiidvbted for his determination of tlie species of Seirpzis, and I nould express my th:tnIrs to Mi,. A. N. Bruee, B.Sc., for the care aud trouble he has talreu in the drawing of Plate 9 accompanying this paper.

DICOTYLEDONES.

PHYLICANITIDA, Lam. Encycl. ii. p. 77; BC. I’roclr. ii. p. 36 ; Hemsl. Cha11. Bot. i. 11. p. 148, t. 25. P. arborea, Thozt. Esg. 31. Trist. p. 45. P. inuuritiaisa, Boj. es Buker, 31. Xciurit. p. 63. Very common on the island up to a height of about 2000 feet, growing even on the nrost exposed ridges. It seldom grows more than some 25 feet in height, aid the stems are aln ays much bent and gnarled and generally covered rith a growth of licbens. Distribution. Tristan da Cuiiha, Iiiaccessible and Nightingale Islands, Amsterdam Island, lteuniou and Mauritius.

HTDROCOTTLELEUCOCEPHALA, Cham. et cSchlecRt. in Limcen, i. (1826) p. 364. Common in the glen in 8%ampy places under waterfalls. This species differs from Hydrocotyle cnpitcrta, Thounrs-the Tristan da Cunha plant-in the ahost total abseiice of hair3 011 the leaves and leaf-stalks, except an occasional sparse covering nrar the blade. Distribution. Brazil and Paraguay. This species does not appear to have been recorded outside of these two countries. 242 MR. R. N. RUDMOSE BROWN ON

Arlux AUSTRALE, Thou. ESP.31. Trist. p. 43 ; Book.*? IIandb. Fl. N. Zeal. p. 90; Henzsl. Chall. Bot. i. IT. p. 149. Common on the low-lying ground down to high-water mark and growkg very rankly in places. It appears to be a very variable plant, and tlie Gough Island variety has the leaves broadly ovate, and not linear like the specimens from Tristan da Cunha of Carmichsel and Moseley. Distribution. Tristan dn Cunha and Inaccessible Island, and wry generally in extra - tropicnl regions of the Socthern Hemisphere.

NERTERADEPRESSA, Gaertn. Xrzict. i. p. 124, t. 26; Hook. f. Zandb. El. N. Zeal. p. 120; Henisk. Chall. Bof. i. 11. p. 180. Erythrodanum alsineforme, Thou. Zsp. PI. Y'rist. p. 42, t. 10 (Nertera). Common in the drier and more barren places. Distribution. Tristan da Cunha aud Inaccessible Island. and southern tern perate regions except South Africa.

NERTERADEPRESSA, Gaertn., vnr. OBTUSA, Bud. Br. A variety distinct from the normal Nertera depressa in having all its leaves obovate with no suggestion of acuteness. Among the specimens of Nertera depessa gathered on Gough Island only one plant of tliis variety was found. In the Kew Herbarium there is one specirntn from Inaccessible lrlaiid (MoseZey, Inaccessible Ibland, 16.8.73) of this variety. The other specimens of this platit from Tristan da Cunha belong to the typical Nertera depressa, and the variety does not appear to occur elsewliere. Distribution. Inaccessible Island.

GNAPIIALIUMPYRAMIDALE, Thou. ESP.31. Trist. p. 40; DC. Prodr. vi. p. 234; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 151, t. 26. G. Thouarsii, S11ren.y. Nyst. reg. iii. p. 473. Common up the glen. Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Ialand.

COTULAGOUGHENSIS, Ilud. Br.: sp. nov. (Piate 9.) Herba annua erecta vel suberecta, 25 em. in altitudine, i n f erne niulte raniosn ; folia sessilia fere aniplexicaulia, bipinnatisecta, segmeutis lanceolntis in apicem acutum rotundatis ; capitula TIIE BOTANY OF CiOIJCtII ISLAND. 243 folia non superantia, 8 mm. lata ; involucri bractea late ovata vel fere rotundata, marginibus integris ; flores dimorphi exteriores 9 uniserrati sine corollis, interiores cum corollis ; achenia com- presRa g1:rbra. This species is quite distinct in its much blunter leaves and broad involucral bracts from the Nightingale Island species, Cotuia Xoseleyi. It is near Cotula coroniflirc, but differs in having broad bracts and a smaller inflorescence. Cotula coroni- folia is also in general a niuch coarser plant. The only species ot Cotula near this species as regards the broad bracts is Cotula infeyrijolia, but in other respects this is quite distinct. Eiidemic in Gougli Island, where it is very plentiful.

HYPOCII~ERISGLABRA, Linn. Xp. PI. 810; BC. Prodr. vii. 1). 90. Vvry probably an introduced plant here, as Mr. IIemsley con- siders it to be in Tristnri da Cunhn. Distribution. Almost cosmopolitan.

Sio~cnusOLERACEUS, Linn. Sp. PI. 792. Conimori : probably introduced. Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island and generally throughout temperate regions.

RUXEXOBTUSIEOLIUS, Lim. Sp. PI. 335. Probably introduced. It has not been recorded previously from the Tristan da Cunha group. Distribzction. Very widely spread in northern and southern herniupherea.

I

EMPETRUMNIORUM, Linn. Xp. PI. 1022 ; Tar. RUBRUM, Hemsl. Chall. Bat. i. 11. p. 154. E. rubrum, Vahl, in Willd. Xp. PI. iv. p. 713; Hook. f. 31. Antarct. ii. p. 845. E. medium, Carmich. in. Trans. Limn. Xoc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 508. Plentiful in dryer places. Distribution. Triatan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale Islands, and in the Fallilarid Isla11ds and Tierra del Furgo. LINN. J0URN.-BOTANY, TOL. XXXTII. ti 244 MR. n. N. numom BROWN ON

PLAXTAGOMAJOR, Linn. Sp. P1. 112. Common and doubtlessly introduced. Distribution. Generally throughout the northern hemisphere and introduced widely elsewhere.

MONOCOTYLEDONES.* SCIEPUSTHOUARSIANUS, Schult. Mant. ii. (1824) pp. 84 et 538 ; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. pp. 156-158, tt. 33 et 34. S. prolifer, Thou. ESP.Fl. Trist. p. 36, t. 7. S.sqiiarrosa, Xpreq. Syst. reg. iv. (1821) p. 28 ; Boeck. in Linnaa, xxxvi. (1869-70) p. 507. S. Thouarsianus, Schult., var. bicolor, He?nsl. CAall. Bot. i. II. p. 156, t. 3-1. (8-16). S. prolifero-ramosus, Boeck. in Nora, lviii. (1875) p. 261. S. virens, Boeck. in Plora, lviii. (1875) p. 260 ; Hend. Cha71. Bot. i. 11. p. 158, t. 33 (7-12). 5. pallescens, Boeck. ex Hemsl. GhaEl. Bot. i. 11. p. 158. S. Thouarsianus, Xchult., var. pallescens, Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 158, t. 33 (1-6). Isolepis prolifera, Car.inich. in Trans. Linn. SOC.Lond. xii. (1818) p. 503. I. squarrosa, Carmich. 1. c. xii. (1818) p. 503. I. bicolor, Carnzich. 1. c. xii. (1818) p. 503; Kunfh, Znzcnt. ii. p. 216. 1. acugnana, Schult. &ant. ii. (182%)p. 532; Kunth, Enzinc. ii. p. 216. I. Thouarsii, A. Dietr. Sylz. PI. ii. p. 109; Kunth, Enunb. ii. p. 216. Very comnion. Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale Islands.

SCIRPUSSULCATUS, Thou. ESP.3% Trist. p. 36, t. 7; Henisl. Chall. Bot. i. IT. p. 155 (var. Moseleyauus excl.) t. 31. S. Thouarsii, Spreng. Syst. reg. iv. (1827) p. 27. S. con- spersus, Boeclc. ilz Linnma, xxxvi. (1869-70) p. 505 pro p, Isolepis sulcata, Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. xii. (1818) p- 503; Kunth, Enuna. ii. p. 216. I. Carrnichaeli, Dietr. Byn. PI. ii. p. 107. Not uncommon. Distribution. Tristan da Cunha group only, unless the New Zealand plant 8ci?pucs suZcrctus vur. ? p. tristignzatosa, C. €3, Clarke, MSS., can be regarded as truly belouging to this species. * For the determination of the species of Scirps I am indebted to Mr. 0.B. Clarke. TIIE BOTANY OF CfOUUlI ISLAND. 245 SCIRPUS MOSELEYANUS,Boeck. in Plora, 1875, p. 262. 8. sul- catus, Thou., var. Moseleyanus, Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 155, t. 32 (fig. 6 excl.). Only one specimen of this was gathered, biit fortunately it mas in fruit. The ripe fruits were previously unknown. Distribution. Nightingale and Inaccessible Islands.

SPARTINAABUNDINACEA, Carmid. in Trans. Linn. Xoc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 504; h7unth, Enum. i. p. 279; Henisl. Chall. Bof.i. 11. p. 160, t. 25. Ponceletia arundinacea, Thou. ESP.I7l. Trist. p. 36. Tliis is one of the predominant plants of the island, ap- parently growing luxuriantly everywhere up to an elevation of over 1000 feet. Distrihtion. Tristan da Cunha, Inaccessible and Nightingale I~lauds,arid St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands.

POAANNUA, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 68. A few plaritv of this \yere found mar the ruined huts of some scders. It is no doubt introduced as it i8 on Tristan da Cuntia. Distribution. Very widely spread.

CRYPTOGAMB-FILICES.

ADIANTUM BTHIOPICUM, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 11. 1). 1560; Thou. ESP.Fl. Trist. p. 34; Hook. (g. Baker, Syn. Til. p. 123 j Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 163. A. tlialictroides, Willd. ex Kunze, in Linnm, x. (1836) p. 530. A. crenatum, Poir. in Lam. Encyc. Xuppl. i. p. 137. A. Poiretii, Wikstr. in Kon. Yet.-Akad. Handl. Stock. (1825) p. 443. Very plentiful in the glen. This is a very variable plant, and the Gough Island phiit shows several varieties. Until a satisfactory niouograph of the genus appears, it beems preferable to include all the GougIi Island specimens under the name of Adiontzcnt cethiopicum. Distribution. Tristan da Cunha and Inaccessible Island j Central and South America (except the extreme south), South Africa, India, and New Zealaiid.

PTERISINCIBA, Thunb. Prodr. PI. Cap. p. 133 ; Hook.. 4. Baker, Syn. Pil. p. 172 ; Henisl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 103. P. vcs- pertilionis 8. Carmichaeliana, Agardh, Rec. Sp. Gen. Pier. a2 246 MR. R. I?. RUDMOEE DROWN ON p. 80. P. vespertilionis p, R. Br. ex Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Loncl. xii. (1818) p. 513. Growing in dryer places than the preceding plant ; not very common. The Tristan da Cunha specimens of this widely-spread species differ from others in the fact that the veins of the fronds do not anastomose at all (vide Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 172). The Gough Island plants belong to the same variety. Distribution. Tristan dfi Cunha, Nightingale and InnccrsaiLle Islands. Also tropical aid temperate South America, South Africa to West Tropical Afriva, from the Himalayas to New Zealand and Polynesia.

LONARIAALPINA, Sprenp Sysf. Vey. iv. p. 62; Kook. f. 32. Antarct. ii. p. 393, t. 150; Hook. 4 Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 178; Henasl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 164. L. antarctica, Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Sac. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 513. Acrostichum polytrichoides, Thou. ESP.Fl. Trisf. p. 32, t. 2 (A. polypodoides). Polypodiuin Pennamarina, Poir. in Lam. Encyc. v. p. 520. Kot uuconimon in the glen. Bisfribution. Tristan da Cunlia and South America, including the Falkland Islnnd~iand Staten Island, Australia, New Zealand, Marion Island, Kerguelen, the Crozets, St. Paul and Awsterdatrl Islands.

LOMARIABORTANA, Willd. Sp. PI. V. p. 292; Hook. @ Baker, Syn. 3il. p. 180 ; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 163. L. magel- lanica, Desv. in Mag. Nat. Bed. (1811) p. 330; Hook. f. 27. Antarct. ii. p. 393. L. palmaformis, Desv. in X&Z. SOC.Lhn. Par. vi. (1827) p. 200. L. robusta, CarmicR. i+z Trans. Linn. SOC.Lond. xii. (1S18) p. 512. Pteris palmreformis, Thou. Esp. PI. Trist. p. 30. Many specimens of this fern were found growing in marshy ground in the sheltered glen. It reaches a height of from 2 to 3 feet, but the stems almost alway8 grow in a procumbent position. In diameter the trunk varies from 2 inches to as much as 5 or 6. The Gough Island plant belongs to the eame variety as the Tristan da Cunha one, which Carmichael described ns a new species (Loinaria robusta, Carmich.). It, hoKev>r, only differs TllE BOTAXY 01" UUUGH ISLAND. 247 in having the usually unlied racliis inow or less densely scaly throughout, and is hardly entitled to specific rank. It must be very plentiful further inlaud, as tile beach is thickly strewn with waterworn stems evidently carried clown by the stream from the interior and washed up again by the sea. Distributiou. Tristan da Cuiiha j Tropical America to Tierra del Fuego aid the Falkland Islands, South Africa, Mauritius, Reunion, and Madagascar.

ASPLENIUMOBTUSATUM, 3orst. f. Prod. 1). SO ; Hoolz. 4 Baker, S!/n. Fil. p. 207. A. obliquunl, Forst. f. 1. c. ; Carnzich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lono?. sii. (1818) p. 512. A. crassurn, Thou. Esy. Fl. Trisf. p. 33. Comuion in tlie glen. This species xwies a great deal, aud the Gough lslaud plants, mhile agreeing with some of Moseley's plants from the Tristan cla Cunha Islands, are considerably suialler than Carrnichael's t.pecimcm from tlie same place. Distribzitioiz. Tristaii dn Ciiulin, Inncccssible and Nightiiigale Isluuds. 7VVidely distributed elwn here.

Asplesiwn alvnrezeiise, nat. size ; with pinnule, sporangiu~n,and s;csle from cauclex, enlilrged.

ASPLENIUMALVAREZENSE, Rud. Br., sp. nov. (See woodcut.) Iflerba parva j caudex breviu, paleis paucis sparsis ; dpites 248 MIL R. N. IilJDMOSL IIRUWN ON 1 ad 5 em., tenues virides nudi ; frondes oblongo-deltoides bipinnatm subcoriaceae ; pinnae superiores soepe in pinnulas indistincte diviss j pinnuls cuneats vel late obovatB, margine exteriore rotundato j pinnularum venae dichotoms ; sori mediani lineares. This species is very near to Asplenium Rufa-muraria, from which it chiefly differs in having its pinnules always entire. Unfortunately none of the specimens show the sori in very good condition. Endemic in Gough Island. It is plentiful on the stems of tree-fern (Lomaria Boryana), but not common elsewhere.

POLYPODIUMILQUILINUM, Thou. Esq. Fl. Trist. p. 32 ; Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fib. p. 311; P. acunhianum, Carmich. fide Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. II. p. 167. Nephrodium aquilinum, Hemsl. Chall. Bot. 1. c. t. 39. Common. Distribution. Tristan da Cunha, Nightingale and Inuccessi ble Ialands ; Amsterdam Islaud ?

POLYPODIUMATJ~TBBLE, Mett. Polypod. p. 36 ; Hook. 4 Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 322 ; Hemsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 168. Grammitis australis, R. Br. Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holl. p. 146; Cwmich. in Fraas. Aim.. Soc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 510. G. magellanica, Desv. Journ. Bot. iii. (1814) p. 275. Only one specimen of this was found. Distrihution. Tristan da Cunha. Tierra del Fuego, Australia, New Zealand, and Marion Island. For the determination of this species I am indebted to Mr. C. H. Wright of the Royal Gardens, Kew.

ABPIDIUMCAPENEE, Willd. Sp. P1. v. p. 267; Zook. 4 Baker, Syn. Fil. p. 254. A. coriaceum, Swartz, Prod. $7. Ind. OCC. p. 133 ; Hook. Sp. Rl. iv. p. 32 ; Carmich. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. sii. (1818) p. 511; Hemsl. Chatl. Bot. i. 11. p. 167. Polypodium calyptratum, Thou. Elrq. Fl. Trist. p. 33. Fairly common. The Gough Island specimens are larger than the Tristan da Cunha ones of Moseley, and in size approximate more to the specimen of De YIsle’s f rom Amsterdam Island. BROWN LINN.SOC. JOURN., BoT. VOL. XXXVII. PL. 7.

GOUGH ISLAND. BROWN. LINN.SOC. JOURN., BOT.VOL. XXXVII. PL. 8.

VEGETATION ON GOUGH ISLAND. Bruce LINNSOC JOURN BOTVOL XXXVII P1 9

B N Yruce del West,Newman imp J h F,Lrt 11th COTULA GOUGHENSIS THE BOTANY OF oouan TSLAND. 210 Distribution. Tristan da Cuuha. America south of Cuba, South Africa, Mascarene Islands, Amsterdam Island, Australia, and Polynesia.

ACROSTICHUMCONFOPME, Swartz, Syn. Fil. pp. 10 & 192, t. 1. fig. 1; Carntich. in Trans. Linn. Xoc. Lond. xii. (1818) p. 509; Hook. 4 Baker, Syn. Pil. p. 401; Hernsl. Chall. Bot. i. 11. p. 169. A. laurifolium, Thou. ESP.FJ. Frist. p. 31. Varies EL little in the degree of scaliness, but the Qough Island plant is identical with other specimens from Tristan da Cu I 1hb. Distribution. Tristan da Cuuha. St. Helena and throughout the southcrn hemisphere.

List of References. CARMICBAFL,Captain DuctAr,n.-some Account of the Island of Tristan da Cnnha and its Natural Productions. Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xii. (1818) pp. 483-513. HXMSLEY,W. Bo.rrma.--Roport on the Voyage of H.M.S. ‘ Challenger,’ 1873-1876, i. 11. (1885) pp. 133 et sepq. MOSELEY,H. N.-Notes by a Naturalist on the ‘ Challenger,’ 1879. Journ. Linn. Soo. Lond., Bot. vol. xiv. p. 377. I)u PETIT-THOUBUS, AnBERT.-Description abr6gQe des Isles de Tristan d’Acugna et Eequisse dc la Flore de 1’Isle de Tristan d’ilcugna : Mklanges de Botnuique et de Voyages, Premier Recueil, 1811. VERRILL,G. E.-Notes on Birds aud Eggs from Islands of Gough, Kerguelen, and South Georgia. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy, ix. (1895) part 2.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE7. Phylica iiitida and Spartiiia arundinacea on Gough Island. Waterworn stems of Lomnrin Boryana on the beach. (From a photograph by W. S. Braoe.) 250 LT.-COL. D. 1’119IN ON THE 3IdKSONIEE,

PLATE8. Vegetation on Gough Island, showing Adialatum athiopicum, Lomaria alyina, Acrostichum co?+forme,PoZypodium apuilinum, and Scirpz~ssp. (From a photograph by W. S. Bruce.) PLATE9. COTULAaouaENsIs, R. N. Rudinose Brown. Plant, natural size. Pig. 1. Apex of leaf. x 2. a. Inflorescence. x 3. 3. Inflorescence with bract. 4. Vertical section of inflorescence. x 6. 6. Outer 9 flower with no corolla. x 10. 6. Disc-flower with corolla. x 10. 7. Startleiis of disc-flower. X 12. 8. Disc-flower with corolla and stamens reirioved. X 10. 9. Enlarged stigma. x 15.

Illnnsoniee, a new Tribe of the Natural Order Sterculiacew. By Lt.-Col. D. PRAIN,I.M.S., F.R.S., F.L.S. [Read 6th April, 1905.1 (P~ATE10.) MIL F. B. MANBON,of the Indian Forest Department, has of‘ late assisted the Botanical Survey of India by the communicatiou of materia1 from the rich forests of Tenasserim. Among speci- men8 sent by him to the Calcutta Herbarium are examples of a species that is of interest, in a variety of ways, alike to forestry and to botany. The immediate occasion of the communication of these speci- mens has been an enquiry into the source of Kalamet, which has long been known as a scented wood held in considerable estimation by the Burmese. Except that it appears to be employed as a cofimetic by Burmese ladies, the uses to which Kalamet is put are not fully lrnowu ; even as regards ibs use as a cosmetic details are wantirig as to its preparation. There is, however, a considerable demand for the wood and its retail value varies, in Rangoon, from 12 annas to 3 rupees (=one to four shillings) per viss (= 3-0857 lbs.), apparently according to the abundaiice or scarcity of snpplies. It is exported from Mergui pretty regularly, and the following table, furnihhed by Mr. Manson, exhibits the quantity and value of the exports from 1887-8 to 1902-3.