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TITLE Technology Learning Activities I. INSTITUTION International Technology Education Association, Reston, VA. PUB DATE. 93 NOTE 36p. AVAILABLE FROM International Technology Education Association, 1914 Association Dr., Reston, VA 22091-1502. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Teaching Guides (For Teacher) (052) Collected Works General (020)
EDRS PRICE .MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Educational Technology; Elementary Secondary Education; *Learning Activities; *Sciamce Activities; Science Education; *Science Instruction; Technology Education
ABSTRACT This guide contains 30 technology learning activities. Activities may contain all or some of the following: an introduction, objectives, materials and equipment, challenges, limitations, notes and investigations, resources and references used, and evaluation ideas. Activity titles are: (1) Occupations in Construction Technology; (2) Designing a Beam;(3) Simple Machines; (4) Packaging: More Than Just a Box;(5) Communications: Getting the Message across with Advertising; (6) Measuring Inaccessible Distances;(7) Alternative Energy Sources: Designing a Wind Powered Generator; (8) Designing a Hot Dog Heater Using Solar Energy; (9) Writing Radio Ad Scripts; (10) Building a Bottle Rocket; (11) Site Selection for Business and Industry; (12) Bar Coding; (13) The Green Revolution in Transportation; (14) Resource Recovery; (15) Walking. Fingers: The Yellow Pages; (16) Adventures in Technology; (17) The Trip Home; (18) The Business Card; (19) Does the Shoe Fit? (20) Writing Dynamic Learning Activities; (21) Technology is Building in the First Grade; (22) Sound, Sensors, and Logic; (23) Weather Forecast; (24) The Secrets of the Iceman; (25) Construction/Manufacturing; (26) Graphic Advertising Utilizing Paper Engineering; (27) Emergency Shelter; (28) The Cellular Connection; (29) Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue; and (30) Tax or Regulate. (MKR)
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Table of Contents
16Adventures in Technology 1 Occupations in Construction Technology Fred Hadley Walter F. Deal, III 17The Trip Home 1 Designing a Beam Fred Hadley Walter F. Deal, III 2 Simple Machines 18The Business Card Walter F. Deal, III Fred Hadley 3 Packaging: More Than Just A Box 19Does the Shoe Fit? Walter F. Deal, III Walter F. Deal, III 20Writing Dynamic Learning Activities 4 Communications: Getting the Message Across With Advertising John M. Ritz, DTE and Walter F. Deal, III Walter F. Deal, III 22Technology is Building in the First Grade 5 Measuring Inaccessible Distances Cindy Etchison and Toni Farthing Fred Hadley 23Sound, Sensors and Logic 6 Alternative Energy Sources: Designing a Wind Powered Generator Walter F. Deal, III Fred Hadley 24Weather Forecast 7 Designing a Hot Dog Heater Using Solar Energy K. George Skena Fred Hadley 25The Secrets of the Iceman 8 Writing Radio Ad Scripts Walter F. Deal, III Walter F. Deal, III 26Construction/Manufacturing 10 Building a Bottle Rocket David A. Baird Fred Hadley 27Graphic Advertising Utilizing Paper Engineering 11Site Selection for Business and Industry Dan Brown Walter F. Deal, III 29Emergency Shelter 12 Bar Coding Walter F. Deal, III Beth Bulchcr- Willner 30The Cellular Connection 13 The Green Revolution in Transportation Walter F. Deal, III Walter F. Deal, III 31Columbus Sailed the Oran Blue 14 Resource Recovery Cindy Etchison Fred Hadley 32Tax or Regulate 15 Walking Fingers: The Yellow Pages Walter F. Deal, III Walter F. Deal
C 1993 Contents copyright International Technology Education Association
1914 Association Drive Reston, VA 22091-1502 703-860-2100 3 fax: 703-860-0353 Prhael on Ravola paw va 61111 Goa Ms TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Occupations in Construction Technology Fred Hadley
Context Resources and References Used Of all the resources in construction technology, humans are the For example, Exploring Production Systems. Ritz, Hadley and most important. They bring a wide variety of skills, attitudes, and Bonebrake, 1990. types of knowledge to each construction site. It is people who must do the planning, initiate ideas, and accomplish the processes involved in construction activities. A large number of occupations Evaluation will be represented at any given construction site over the duration Compile a brief report on your interview. Include the name and of the entire project. duties of the person you talked to. Provide a list in the report of the occupations required at the site you visited and some of the Objectives duties associated with each. Conduct an interview.
Perform research on construction occupations. Compile a list of occupations in construction. Designing A Beam Define some duties for each occupation. Fred Hadley
Demonstrate effective writing skills. Context Beams are used to form the skeletons for many types of structures Materials and Equipment (i.e. bridges, skyscrapers, towers, etc.). The size and weight of these beams is not nearly as important as their load carrying Pencil and paper capacities. With proper design, even light-weight materials may sometimes be fabricated to produce beams with considerable Challenge strength. Visit a local construction site. Use an interview technique to determine the occupations required for the project. In your list, Objectives also include persons whose occupations were or will be required Demonstrate problem solving skills. for the successful completion of the construction project. Perform research on beam design (shapes, materials, etc.). Apply Limitations math and science skills during technological activities. Have your instructor help you obtain permission and make the Construct a beam using light-weight materials. proper arrangements before going to a construction site. Demonstrate effective writing skills. Try to interview a person in a management role (i.e. foreman, superintendent, etc.). Materials and Equipment Notes and Investigations 1 1 4" X 8-1/2" piece of paper or card stock Include observations you made of occupations engaged at the White glue construction site. Record any additional information here that you may wish to save for inclusion in your written report. Scissors or Exacto knife
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 1 4 Challenge Notes and Investigations Working in a group of two or three students and using a piece of Attach sketches, drawings, additional information, etc. paper or card stock supplied by your instructor, design and construct a beam that will span an eight inch (8") space with one- Evaluation (includes feedback) half inch (1/2") of bearing surface on each end. Your group's beam should support as much weight as possible. During a class activity period, each group will test their design by gradually adding weight to the beam while it spans the eight inch Limitations gap. Only white glue (i.e. Elmer's, etc.) may be used. 1. Which beam design supported the most weight in your class?
No laminating is permitted. 2. Why did some designs function better than others?
No pins, reinforcing rods, paper clips, etc. may remain in your 3. What does this activity suggest regarding the use of light- completed beam after the glue dries. weight materials in actual construction?
Use only materials designated by your instructor (Note: All groups 4. Prepare a written technological report on the types of beams should use identical materials). and their uses in construction.
Simple Machines Fred Hadley Context Apylv math and science skills during technological activities. All machines are based on the use of one or more of the six simple machines: the wheel, lever, inclined plane, pulley, screw, and Materials and Equipment wedge. Bicycles use several of these to adapt human muscle power into a form of transportation. By combining the bicycle's simple 1Operable bicycle (Others identified by students.) machines into different configurations, other productive uses may be found. Challenge Working in a group of two or three students, use a bicycle's simple 111 1111111111111111 machines to design and/or construct other productive uses for the 1111=1/"11lr"11111111111L 4 .4111 kinetic energy normally transmitted to the rear wheel. 11W1111, Limitations A. 1 Restoration of the bicycle to its original condition must be possible. 1111111, AMOS- _AI/111 11111 1111 1111 1111 Notes and Investigations Attach sketches, drawings, additional information, etc. Objectives Evaluation (includes feedback) Demonstrate problem solving skills. The following questions should be addressed in a brief written report to be presented orally in class: Define potential and kinetic energy.
Identify simple machines. 1. What simple machines did your group identify in the bicycle?
Describe applications of simple machines. 2. For what practical purpose could your design/project be used?
Analyze different gear ratios and their effects. 3. What was the effect of different wheel diameters? Gear ratios?
Construct a productive complex machine. 4. Were there modifications to the bicycle's basic design that you were unable to make because of the "Limitations" which would Demonstrate effective writing skills. have improved your efforts? Explain.
2 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACIWITIES Packaging: More Than Justa Box! Walter F. Deal, III
The functional and aesthetic parts of a package designare directed Company Logo Recloseable Flap toward a package design that is easy to handle andstore, is Price Dot durable, does not soil readily, stacks neatly, and is suitable for its contents. Color, transparent windows, text, and graphics are used to make a product package more attractive to potential buyers of UPC Label the product. Additionally, The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act of 1966 states that packaging and labeling should enableconsumers to obtain accurate information as to the quality of the contents Brand Name and should enable the consumer to make value comparisons.
Nutrition Info Objectives Apply problem solving skills to developa package design.
Consumer Info Develop critical thinking skills.
Demonstrate design and planning skills.
Use technology to solve a design problem.
Apply math skills in designing geometrical shapes. Materials Weight of Contents Graphics/Color Paper, plastic wrap, cellophane, or other, selected packaging mateirals, pencils, colored markers, scissors, clipart, glue stick, basic drawing tools, or computer, drawing/paintor CAD software Context and electronic clip art, and other materialsas available. Packaging plays an important role in the marketing and distribution of products. In today's world ofmass marketing and Challenge self-service, a product package is much more than justa container. Packaging may be made from a wide variety of materials including Companies frequently contract with advertising and design firms paper and related products, plastics, glass, wood, composites, and to design packaging for their products. Imagine thatyour technology class is a design firm that specializes in product metals. Specialized packing includes glass bottles forexpensive perfumes, plastic pump containers for tooth pastes, microwavable packaging. With the class divided into tea.ns of threepersons each, containers for foods, as well as resealable foil packaging for cereal your challenge is to design and prepare a package prototype fora boxes. The design, shapes, colors, and materialsrepresent new cereal (or other product selected by the class) that is to be considerable efforts by companies to produce flinctional and marketed by a large breakfast cerealcompany. Package design attractive packaging design. proposals are to be presented to the cereal manufacturer's marketing team (a group of three students). Presentationsshould Packages for products must be designed to take several factorsinto include the features of the package design, materials, account. First the package must protect the contents. Every other environmental considerations, and a prototype. consideration is secondary to the function of the packageas a utilitarian container. Second, a package design must meet Traditional package designers use colored markers andpaper to reasonable cost standards because inmany cases the costs of brainstorm package design concepts. New technologies for packaging is a major expense for most firms. Once these two designing packages use computers that allow for rapid changesin requirements of package protection and costs have been color, shape, and graphics. Sketches and drawingsarc then used to satisfactorily met, marketing and advertising considerations can be make actual size prototypes for evaluation and reviewpotential undertaken. package designs.
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 3 Notes and Investigations 2. Assess the impact that packaging has on consumers in making purchases. Sketch package designs. Experiment with different layouts using index or other available paper stocks that can be cut, folded, and fastened with an adhesive. Wmdows, bubble packaging, 3. What techniques or technologies did your group use to prepare recloseable flaps or tops should be considered where appropriate. your package design?
Evaluation (includes feedback) 4. Does your package apply good design and layout principles? 1. Will your package design adequately protect the contents of your package? 5. Will your package attract the interest of consumers? Communications: Getting the Message Across with Advertising Walter F. Deal, III product, introduce new products into the market, boost unsuccessful brands, promote changes in consumer attitudes, provide support to a sales force, or encourage a response from consumers (coupons, rebates, special offers, etc.). Advertising is a communication process that manufacturers and businesses use to inform consumers about their product for the purpose of increasing sales. Advertising is a communications activity that is 25% OFF part of a large marketing strategy. Objectives All Skate Boards Define advertising.
Assess the impact that advertising has on consumers.
Use brainstorming techniques to solve all communication problems.
Use technology to create an information product.
Apply design and layout skills.
Demonstrate effective writing skills. Materials Paper or illustration board, pencils, colored markers, clip art, glue Grand VitrwUaf 17th & Atha* Ammo stick, or computer, page composition software and electronic clip 'Virginia Busk WOE& art, or video camera, blank VCR tape, and player, and other materials as available. &is Nada then to - irtier Moat aft Challenge Context Preparing effective advertising is an art and skill of persuasion. The What does the word advertising bring to mind? TV and radio class should select a consumer product of their choice and a target commercials? Magazine ads? Newspaper ads? Michael Jordan and market to direct an advertisement. The structure of an ad should athletic shoes? Certainly all of these are forms of advertising. You include a promise of benefit (the headline), spelling out of the may wonder how much money is spent on advertising or for what promise (subheadline), amplification of the story as needed, proof other purposes the money could be spent. Business and industry of the claim, and should direct the convmer to take action (the spend more than $100 billion a year on advertising. We arc product or service). presented with advertising from when we awaken in the morning to our radio alarm clocks, through the evening TV programs that The class should be organized into various groups of three we watch for entertainment. students and assigned a particular media to use. The media may include radio, TV, magazine, newspaper, outdoor media (bill Advertising is part of our social and cultural heritage in the United boards) or other forms of advertising. A sample newspaper ad is States. Advertising may attempt to create an awareness of a sown to illustrate the structure of an advertising.
Continued on page 9 4 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I Measuring Inaccessible Distances
Fred Hadley
A - Unknown Haight Datannining the height of a flag pole (not to scale) B w 100 fast Angle BC w 72.
Formula for using Ina Tangent MO A. TAN of angle BC X 13 A. .4040 X 100 A w 40 fag
Context Challenge Contractors, planners, estimators, and others engaged inmany Working in pairs, design and construct a device for measuringa technological fields often need to obtainmeasurements of tangent angle. Using this device and a known horizontal distance distances that are not practically obtainable. For example,a of 100 to 200-feet, determine distances and heights assigned by painting contractor might need to know the height ofa water your instructor: Use the 'tangent angle' column in your table of tower or flagpole in order to estimate the quantity of paint that trigonometric ratios. Examples: maximum rocket altitude, the would be required for a job. Or, the distance across a river or height of your --hoot, the distance acrossa thoroughfare or river, a gorge might be required for planners to design a certain project. flagpole or tower, etc. See the accompanying sketch fora typical All these inaccessible distances or heightsarc all easily calculated activity layout and the formula used. using the tangent angle method. Similarly, ifyour technology class launches rockets during its study of transportation technology, Notes and Investigations their maximum altitudes can be determined using thesame method. Attach sketches, drawings, additional information,etc. Objectives Evaluation (includes feedback) 1. Compare the results you and your partner obtained withthose Demonstrate problem solving skills. of others who measured the same distances. Design a tangent angle measuring device. 2. Did everyone obtain the same results? Why doyou think this is true? What does this tell you about theaccuracy of this method? Apply math and science skills during technological activities. 3. After seeing the tangent angle measuring devices of theother Materials and Equipment teams, do you believe your design could be improved? How? Protractor, assorted technology lab hardware and materials, Table 4. Prepare a written technological reporton this activity. Include of Trigonometric Ratios (may be found ina plane geometry your comments on the accuracy of the results obtained. Why do textbook-1 per class; others identified by students.) you believe this to be true?
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 5 Alternative Energy Sources Designing A Wind Powered Generator
Fred Hadley
Context accompanying sketch. Your design should allow the windmill to automatically turn whenever the wind changes direction. Use a One of the oldest and purest forms of energy is wind power. In addition to its being free and abundant all over the world, it does multimeter, set to a low voltage scale, to measure relative changes not pollute. Wind energy also does not deplete other resources. in voltage produced by various wind velocities. The wind is presently being used in some areas to produce electricity, but not to any great degree. Although the potential for Notes and Investigations its use is tremendous, wind energy is limited by two major Attach sketches, drawings, additional information, etc. problems. First, no means has been devised for storage and secondly, the supply is inconsistent. Evaluation (includes feedback) Objectives After the various class designs have been tested, respond to the Demonstrate the practicality of using the wind to produce following: electricity. Demonstrate problem solving skills. 1. Compare the results obtained from the different wind generators. Describe the limitations of wind energy. 2. Discuss and critique the performance of different designs. Research uses of wind energy today. Demonstrate effective writing skills. 3. What was the effect, if any, of changes in the voltage produced Materials and Equipment as wind velocities changed? Small 11/2 to 3 volt DC motor (available from Radio Shack, Kelvin, 4. What effect did diffixent propeller diameters or design have on etc), multimeter (VOM) or digital voltmeter (DVN), wire, sheet wind generator performance? metal or other construction materials, miscellaneous lab hardware, (Others identified by students). 5. Determine through class discussion why some designs Challenge performed better than others. Working in a group of two or three students, design and construct 6. Prepare a written technical report on the use of wind power a wind-powered generator similar to the one shown in the today.
6 9 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I Alternative Energy Sources Designing A Hot Dog Heater Using Solar Energy
Fred Hadley
Context Materials and Equipment Energy given off by our sun, called solar energy, is the source of all Aluminum foil or other reflective material, typical lab materials forms of energy on our planet. It is limitless, at least for the next (wood, screws, glue, etc.), thermometer, (others identified by five billion years or so. If this energy could be practically harnessed, students). it could easily supply all of Earth's energy needs. Presently, both passive and active solar collection systems are being used to convert the sun's energy into heat. Passive systems are relatively Challenge inactive in their operation. Examples include designing and Working with another student, design and construct a passive solar orienting structures to maximize the effects of solar energy from collection device, such as the "Hot Dog Heater" shown in the the sun's rays. Active systems are those that collect, store and accompanying sketch. Test your design with the thermometer distribute solar energy through the use of pumps, fans and other before actually cooking a hot dog. equipment. Objectives Notes and Investigations Attach sketches, drawings, additional information, etc. Demonstrate problem solving skills.
Apply math and science skills to solve technological problems. Evaluation (includes feedback) 1. Compare and assess results of the different designs used in your Define active and passive solar energy collection systems. class. Describe the effects of concentrations of solar energy. 2. Discuss and critique your class's successes and failures (if any). Describe the environmental impact in using clean energy resources. 3. Prepare a written technical report on passive and active solar collection systems used in the construction industry today. Construct a passive solar collection device. 4. Give an oral presentation on a new development in theuse of Demonstrate effective writing skills. solar energy.
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 10 7 TECHNOLOGYLEARNINGACTIVITIES
Writing Radio Ad Scripts
Walter F. Deal, III Context (3,,?f Pt,tholGt R -Oro Radio is a magical medium! With a few sounds, some music, and Kill', voices, you can capture the listeners imagination, and transport it anywhere in the world. In this activity we are going to write and produce a radio commercial.
While we listen to radio for entertainment, it also is educational nit Spot Eftedhe Replacts Spot Regrets and informative. Radio programs are sponsored by companies or advertisers that want listeners to know about their products. The messages or advertisements that you listen to on the radio are special stories or scripts that are very short. They must capture the listeners' imagi ion and encourage them the buy a product or service that is being advertised.
When we hear an advertisement on the radio we can imagine what we are listening to and seeing in our minds. For example, when we listen to a MacDonalds'® advertisement, we can imagine the golden arches or the sound of a Pepsi Cola® pouring into a glass in a Pepsi Cola® advertisement! Objectives Demonstrate effective writing skills. Demonstrate problem solving skills. Use computer technology to assist in solving an information problem. InterestingYour advertising copy should be interesting and Materials and Equipment cause the audience to want' o listen to your commercial. Add Dictionary, grammar or style book, computer and word processing some humor or music. software, tape recorder and blank tape, and background music source. ActionYour advertisement should encourage the consumer to buy the product that you are advertising. Don't forget to mention Challenge the name of your product frequently during the ad! Radio advertisements are very short! They last from 10 to 60 Production Techniques seconds. The advertisements that we write must be simple and Radio is a medium of words and music. People must use their clearly written. When writing advertisements, there are several imagination while they are listening to radios. Radio, unlike suggestions that we should follow. They include: television, relies on people to write advertising copy that people SimpleChoose one central idea. Don't confuse the listener by will hear. Television, books, and magazines have pictures that will including too many points in your copy (story). capture the attention of the people using them. Some techniques that can be used to preparing radio ads arc: ClarityKeep your ad story on-track. A good test: would your Single announcerOnc person reads the script. The commercial be hurt by leaving out extra words? person must sound believable and friendly. Personal Write and read ye.ir commercial as if you were talking Two-announcer--Two people read a single script that has parts to someone. Use a warm personal tone of voice that is friendly. written for each person. It is really two people talking to each other about a product that they like and want the listeners to buy. PleasantnessBe pleasant, just like you were talking among fri c nds. Jingle-announcerA song or jingle can be written to explain the benefits of a product. Songs are easily remembered by listeners and Believableour advertising copy must be believable. are a good technique for making advertisements that people will Exaggerations and overstatements should not be made. remember.
8 11 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I Writing Your Advertising Copy dictionary to check your spelling and wordusage. When writing advertising copy you should double-space Using a computer to write advertisingcopy makes it easy and fun! your sentences to make it easier to read. You will probably make several drafts You can change and rewrite your storyso that it sounds just right. of your Just like working at an advertisingagency, you will be working as a copy. Don't worry about that. It is part of writing excellent advertising copy just like the advertising agencies do! team. Teams work together because they can workmore quickly and brainstorm ideas. The steps for producingan advertisement Step 6 are as follows: After your team has decided upon the best advertisingcopy you are ready to record your ad. Use a tape recorder Step 1 to record your script. One person should be the producer and the other Decide on a product that you want two shOuld be to advertise or one that has announcers. Teamwork is very important in writing and recording been given to you by your teacher. a radio script. You will probably need to do it severaltimes because Step 2 someone may sneeze in the middle of the recording session! Listen to some radio advertisementsas part of your homework Step 7 assignment. Listen to how the advertisementsare presented. Were Evaluation. Make a check list for each of the class membersabout they single announcer? A jingle? Twoannouncer advertisements? the features of your advertisement. These featuresshould include How long were they? the make of the product, its price, where itcan be purchased, and Step 3 the advantages of the product or service. Did theadvertisement attract the attention of the listeners? Was the advertisement Discuss the ads that you heard on the radio withyour team interesting? Play your radio advertisement for the class.Then pass members. Make notes on the techniques thatwere used. out a copy of the check list to see how nany ofyour class members Step 4 can remember the name of your product, where theycan get it, and how much it costs. Using a computer and word processing software, makea list of product features that your team is advertising.Discuss these Step 8 features as a team. Check-off the features thatare important to Summary. Writing can be fun! Thereare many kinds of careers your advertisement. where writing is a major part of a person's job. Advertising copywriting is but one. Men and Step 5 women write stories as reporters for newspapers and magazines. Television Using a computer and word processor begin writing programs require the your work of many kinds of writers. Thereare authors of books and advertising copy. A 60-second commercial should have about 125 short stories. Visit your library to learn aboutcareers in writing words. Spelling and punctuationare important in writing. Use a and journalism.
Continued from page 4 Notes and Investigations 3. What tectuliques or technologies did your group use to prepare your ad? What alternative processes could have been used? Visit your school library for information about advertising layout and design. Critique ads from newspapers, magazines, and other media. 4. Does your ad apply good design and layout principles? Evaluation (includes feedback) 1. Describe the purpose of advertising. 5. Does your advertising copy demonstrate clear and effective writing style? 2. Assess the impact that advertising has on consumers in making purchases. 6. Will your ad attract the interest of consumers?
1" TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 9 Building A Bottle Rocket
Fred Hadley
101 to Wcantopin forlaid(
1/8'velding rob to holes in wed block
314' x 2' x 2' hardwood block
holes drilled so launch pin sill fit over tattle flange
3/4' OD 2' pipe nipple
41 presage hose--,.. 111-11111) 9CC3141 pipe elbow
3/4' hose brass fitting
secure with hose clamp use tire valve or high pressure fittings on the end
Context Using water and compressed air, launch the rocket, using a raw egg for a payload. Recover the payload intact. Use ground based The action reaction principle provides the basis for all triangulation to determine the rocket's highest altitude. transportation systems. Propulsion, guidance and recovery systems are involved in all manned space flights. The abilities of countries and corporations to launch and recover vehicles is dependent on Limitations their understanding and application of technology. Design must be economical. Objectives Notes and Investigations Demonstrate problem solving skills. Attach sketches, drawings, additional information, etc. Define the action reaction principle. Evaluation of your solution to the challenge will be based Construct and launch the rocket described in the challenge. on your returning the egg to the instructor intact. Demonstrate effective writing skills. Apply math and science skills to the solution of technological problems. Evaluation (includes feedback) After the recovery of your rocket, respond to the following: Materials and Equipment 1. What are the two forces that must be overcome in order to 2-liter soda bottle, air compressor, water, raw egg, (Others place the egg as high as possible into space? identified by students.) 2. Describe the action reaction principle and how it relates to the Challenge operation of your rocket. Working in a group of two or three students, design and construct 3. Prepare a written report on different methods of recovery a launching pad and rocket with a recovery system. investigated by your team.
10 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 13 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Site Selection for Business and Industry
Walter F. Deal, III Conduct a review of your region or locality as a potential location for a national or multi-national company. The class should identify Context the types of businesses and industries that would be attractive to your area. Your class should be divided into groups. Each group Selecting a site for a business or industry is an important step for should be responsible for identifying a company that could be managers and investors. Companies and corporations of all sizes located in your state or locality. Groups may be instructed to work carefully study locations for a potential home for their business. Major multi-national corporations such Nissan, Mazda, Sony, and with companies representing a specific industry such as Canon have located assembly plants in Tennessee, Kentucky, communications, retail or wholesale, manufacturing, or California, and Virginia. There are many other local, regional, and construction. national business that are faced with a decision to select a site annually. Three major considerations for multi-national companies Contact or request a representative visit from your local or state locating their facilities in another country are closeness to the industrial development commission for information about market, transportation, and tax advantages. incentives available to companies for locating in your area. Prepare a check list of advantages and benefits of your area that would be There are many other factors that companies must consider in attractive to a company. Each group should write a report on its selecting a site. Some of these factors include transportation resources, recommendations for a company site location. A land map should materials, trained workers and educational institutions, population be prepared showing the site where the company should locate. growth, access to markets, annual income and wage rates, available Present your report to the dist land, utilities, natural resources, environment, tax and other financial incentives, and nearby associated industries. Each of these factors Evaluation (includes feedback): contribute to a decision to locate in a given area. 1. Each group is to prepare and present a report to*the class. 2. Determine whether the major factors for site selection been Objectives met. 1. Demonstrate problem solving skills. 3. Does a selected industry have any negative or controversial 2. Use information technology to select an industrial site. issues that must be resolved (i.e. chemical usage, toxic wastes, 3. Demonstrate cooperative learning and teamwork in selecting an increased traffic, etc.) industrial site. 4. Are there any resources for a selected business or industry that 4. Demonstrate effective writing skills in preparing a technical must be developed to make the locality attractive? report. 5. Describe the importance of industrial development commissions in attracting VIRGINIA new businesses and industries to a locality. Major Industrial Cities Population Materials & Equipment Newport Hews Located in Virginia 6.1 Million Area (sq Ni) World Almanac, personal computer, PC 48,767 Globe© or PC USA ©, company annual reports, state industrial development guide, $ is Beach and site selection check list. City Population p. Alexandria Over 500,000 Challenge 20 Ni Char' Over 100,000 The economic growth and health of a locality depend on employment of its Over 50,000 citizens by business and industry. Under 50,000 Companies may be classified as retail and wholesale, communication, construction or manufacturing. Each of these business Danville Virginia Beach Capital categories have general and specific needs for locations and available source of trained workers. Map Produced with PC USA C PC Globe, Tempe, AZ
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 11 14 BEST COPYAVAILABLE Bar Coding
Submitted by Beth Bukher-Willner (1-800-345-4220) TPS Electronics Palo Alio, CA (1-800-526-5920) Context Bar coding is among the automatic identification systems that is Tasks/Limitations taking the world by storm. Students need to know the applications Students are to make a collection of at least six bar code symbols of bar coding and how it works. containing at least three different symbologies. A paragraph should accompany each symbol explaining where and how it was used. Objectives Make sure the student only collects the portion of the product that has the symbol and name of the product. As a result of the activity, students will be able to: Identify applications of bar coding. Given the code configuration and the bar layout, students should Identify different bar code symbologies. fill in the appropriate spaces to makea bar code with their initials, Demonstrate the procedure for making a bar code. name, or student identification number. They are to label the Define the parts of a bar code. characters that make up the bar code. This worksheet should be attached to their collection. (Optional: with the wand hookedup Materials & Resources between the keyboard and the computer, have the students check Code 39 or UPC code configuration their bar code by scanning it with the wand.)
Basic bar layout for code's X dimension Evaluation The collection should be evaluated basedon completion of the Optional: Computer tasks/limitations stated above. Presentation and spelling should be Wedge wand: Worthington Data Solutions Santa Cruz, CA considered.
12 15 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIFS I The Green Revolution in Transportation Walter F. Deal, III Context Objectives The automobile offers people in the developed world and many 1. Demonstrate problem solving skills. other nations in the world the opportunity for personalized mobility and travel that is unprecedented in history. The 2. Apply critical thinking skills to design an alternative fueled economies of many nations though out the world depend to some vehicle. degree on the automobile, through its manufacture, production of components and accessories, construction of highways, petroleum products, and businesses that serve customers on-the-go, i.e. 3. Demonstrate cooperative learning and teamwork in designing motels, cellular telephones, and etc. Automobile dealers, banks and and constructing a model alternative fueled vehicle. credit companies, garages, and fast food restaurants are dependent on people buying and using automobiles as potential customers for 4. Demonstrate effective writing skills in preparing a technical their goods and services. Automobiles have truly made for mobile report. societies. 5. Assess the impact of alternative fueled vehicles on the For all of the benefits that the automobile brings to individuals, environment and society. society, and the economy there are some major penalties. Nearly all production automobiles used on the highways are fueled by gasoline or diesel fuel. Using petroleum as a fuel for automobiles Materials & Equipment produces large quantities of pollution in the atmosphere. Even Modelling supplies, sheet vinyl, plastic wheels, steel rod for axles, though automobile manufacturers have improved the efficiency, battery holder, AA NiCad battery, 1.5-3 volt DC motor, 26or 28 economy, and emissions of automobiles through research and GA stranded wire, LEDs, balsa, glue, and other instructor government regulation, automobile emissions continue to be a identified materials available. problem. The automobile may soon be a real part of the green revolution in cleaning-up and reshaping the environment. Challenge Los Angeles well-known for its poor air quality and smog, enacted Identify three-member design teams to research, design and regulations through its South Coast Air Quality Management consn uct a model of a two-passenger personal transportation District in 1989 to improve the air quality in the Los Angeles vehicle that has zero or minimal pollution emissions. Prepare Basin. Automobiles are not the only targets for reducing pollution. a report on the design concept, type of propulsion, re- fueling Oil refineries, manufacturers, power companies, and in any other potential areas arc covered under these regulations. ALernate requirements, estimated speed and range, and safety energy resources are needed to power automobile of the future in considerations. the Los Angeles area to meet the stringent pollution control requirements. Evaluation (includes feedback): 1. Each group is to prepare and present a report to the class. Enviromobile - Revolution in Transportation 2. Demonstrate that the model transportation vehicle is Features operational. Low-profile Low Coefficient of Drag Aerodynamic Design 3. Describe how the vehicle design will minimize polluting Zero Emissions emissions. All Electric Drive Comprehensive Safety Features Three-year Battery Life 4. State how the vehicle design will affect existing transportation High-reliability systems and users of the new vehicle designs. (wfd)
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 16 13 Resource Recovery Fred Hadley
; i°11 7
CYCLE netmE=::
Individual consumers who help the nation to recycle its resources frequently earn money doing so. Reynolds Aluminum Co. has paid out millions of dollars in recycling eons, both to consumers and in upgrading its processing operations. (Photo by Fred Hadley)
Context Limitations Products that have outlived their usefulness can often be used to You cannot use the either of the two examples given above. Your make other products. Simply throwing them away is wasteful. constructed product must function properly. You cannot make a model and 'pretend' it works. Objectives References Demonstrate creativity See the Resources in Technology article entitled Resource Recovery on page 17 of this issue. Demonstrate problem solving skills M/S/T Interface Design and construct a useful product According to Wheelabrator Frye Technologies, Inc., different sources contribute to our continuous solid waste stream. These are: Apply math and science skills to the solution of technological problems Food and yard waste 29.0% Glass 8.4% Metals 8.9% Materials and Equipment Paper and cardl)oard 35.6% An expended product suitable to your design (Others identified by Plastic 7.3% students) Other 10.8% Why do you think food and yard waste comprise nearly 30% of the Challenge solid waste stream? Can you think of any way to lower the Working with another student, design and construct a useful consumption of paper products in your own home? product from one that would usually be thrown away (example: Using the percentages given, construct a bar graphor pie chart to use an old tire to make beach sandals or a plastic bottle to make a graphically represent message these figures tell. You may choose to bird feeder). Be creative. See which team in your class can come up create a more innovative chart as long as the correct message is with the best idea. Have them explain why that idea is the best. conveyed.
14 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES 1 17 Walking FingersThe Yellow Pages Walter F. Deal, III Context Advertising plays an important role in the promotion and sales of goods and services. Over $100 billion is spent annually on American advertising. Advertising strategies include a wide variety of media. Some of the media used for advertising include radio, Video Productions television, newspapers, magazines, outdoor, and other forms. One 0 Turnkey Production category of advertising often overlook because it is not like the O complete Shooting riaEdith Facilities colorful, glossy ads in magazines is the telephone directories or O Studio Production In 40' X 60 Sound Stage 0 Post Production In 3/4 , One kith, Hamm yellow pages. You may have often heard the phrase "let your O Large Prop Inventory fingers do the walking"@'. The yellow pages serve a very special market. The yellow pages are a listing of advertisers that offer 880-1000 Video Productions Inc. goods and services to potential customers that have a need to make a purchase. People that use the yellow pages know what they want and are looking for a place to buy.
While yellow page advertisements look very similar, yellow page directory publishers offer a variety of sizes and formats. Listings may be a single line or a half-page or more. Advertisers deciding on the best format can be faced with some tough decisions. Frequently advertisers will look at competitor ads and decide to make their ads prominent (roughly the same size as competitors) or dominant (larger than competitor ads). A yellow page ad should be designed from the reader's point view. For example, a reader looking for computers, television repair, bicycles, or sports equipment will look under those headings to find the right company. Thus, it is important to emphasize "what," "who," the Materials & Equipment telephone number, and "where." Other information such as Yellow page directory, paper, pencils, layout tools, clip art, rub-on brand names, locations, hours of operation, special licenses may be letters or computer with graphics software, electronic dip art, and included. Graphics included in an ad help the reader identify a company more readily. printer (scanner optional). Yellow page directory advertisements should be attractive, easy to Challenge read, and standout from the competition. A single bold type face Identify and select an advertiser category such as bicycle repair or should attract the reader to your ad that advertises the goods or services. A bold type face should emphasize the advertiser's phone sporting goods and prepare a quarter-page advertisement for a number. Use only two type faces. Balance, white (yellow) space, yellow page directory. Using a design team approach, each team and unity are design principles that should guide the preparation should design and prepare yellow page ads fir the same category. of an ad layout. Contact and invite a local merchant or advertiser to critique the appearance and quality of the team-developed ads. Objectives 1. Demonstrate creative design skills. Evaluation (includes feedback): 1. Each design team is to prepare and present their completed ad 2. Use computer technology to produce a communication layout to the class. product.
3. Demonstrate cooperative learning and teamwork in designing a 2. Describe the layout techniques used to produce the team- yellow page advertisement. developed layout.
4. Apply research skills in analyzing advertising designs and 3. Describe how the yellow page advertisements differ from other layouts. advertising media.
5. Demonstrate effective writing skills in preparing a technical 4. State how users of the yellow pages differ from potential report. customers of other advertising media. (wfd)
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING AcTIVITIFS I 15 Adventures in Technology Walter F. Deal, III Context Challenge Microprocessors, integrated circuits, and transistors have paved the Divide the technology class into teams and apply the technological way for the electronics revolution in communications, method to design and construct mock-ups of action-oriented computation, and personal entertainment devices. Personal video game devices. Construct simulated input devices suchas computers, portable tape players, miniature FM stereo radios, and joysticks, trackballs, buttons, switches, or voice activated operation video games are just a few examples of products that we use every to control the game system. Novel glove or helmat devices also day. should be considered. Simulated display devicesmay be monochrome or color LCDs or 12 to 18 inch video monitors. The video game market represents a multi-million dollar business Review various product literature and advertisements from world-wide. The design, manufacture, marketing and distribution companies such as Sega, Nintendo, Atari, etc for design ideas. of video games requires electronic engineers, product andgame designers, software programmers, technical support people, and marketing channels. Video game products include wristgame Limitations devices and hand-held models with LCD displaysas well as the The design theme should focus on adventures in technology and latest hologram technology arcade machines. Other modelsare its impacts. The model can be a hand-held device, table model,or designed to operate with color televisions and use 16 and 32-bit floor-type arcade design. computer technology.
Video game technology integrates sound, color, animation, and Notes and Investigations holographic effects to produce entertaining and educational Plan, design, and construct video game mock-ups andprepare products. Game designers are continuously researching and technical reports on the designs. Screen simulations anda story applying new technologies to produce innovative entertainment board should be used to add realism togame designs. Identify a products for new generations of video game players. guest panel of expert game players or an engineer to review and evaluate team models and presentations. Objectives Apply creative thinking skills to produce a product design. Resources and References Used (Information obtained by students) Demonstrate problem solving skills. Use ergonomic principlesto design innovative hi-tech products. Evaluation (includes feedback) Use tools, materials, and processes to construct an presentation Completeness of the product mock-up (sketches, drawings, model, model. technical report, screen simulations, and presentation). Appropriateness of the game theme to technology and Apply math and science skills to solve technological problems. marketability of the product. Application of scientific, mathematical, and ergonomic principles. Application of technical Materials and Equipment writing skills in preparing the project report. (wfd) Styrofoam blocks, foam-core board, dry-transfer letters, adhesives, vinyl or acetate film, acrylic paints, colored markers, miscellaneous hardware, computer and peripherals, word processor, and CADor drawing software.
16 1i TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I The Trip Home Walter F. Deal, III Context Challenge There are many projections and forecasts by engineers and Design a dedicated personnel vehicle model that is capable of scientists at NASA. Futurists at universities and research being rocket-launched, complete its mission in low-earth orbit, fly institutions are projecting that people from the planet Earth will back to earth on its own, and land at a major space vehicle landing be travelling and inhabiting planets in our solar system in the near future. The National Space and Aeronautics Administration's zone. The vehicle must be capable of carrying four persons and Space Station Freedom will provide a platform for engineers and include provisions for a small cargo load. Design options may scientists to perform long-term operation, research, and include winged gliders, conical capsules, or shuttle-like designs. experimentation. There are a limited number of shuttles available to carry cargo and Limitations humans back and forth to the Space Station Freedom to support The design must be economical, reliable, and reusable. operations on-board. NASA engineers and scientists are studying Additionally, the design must include facilities for docking with the dedicated personnel vehicles that can reduce the burden on the Freedom Space Station and transferring its occupants and cargo. Space Shuttles. There are design teams working at NASA Langley and the Johnson Space Centers. These dedicated personnel Notes and Investigations vehicles may become the commuter vehicles for space travel in the not too distant future! Visit your school library to review the NASA Freedom Space Station concept. Research the principles of ergonomic or human Objectives engineering. Review the principles and requirements of rocketry Demonstrate problem solving skills. and flight. Plan, design, and construct a dedicated personnel Use ergonomic principles to accommodate human needs in vehicle and prepare a technical report on the design. Invite a guest extended travel. engineer to review and evaluate presentations. Design a dedicate personnel vehicle capable of carrying four zrsons and limited cargo. Resources and References Used (Information obtained by students) Apply math and science skills to solve technological problems. Demonstrate effective writing skills. Evaluation (includes feedback) Materials and Equipment Completeness of the research project (sketches, drawings, model, Balsa, foam-core board, styrofoam blocks, fabric, adhesives, vinyl technical report, and presentation). Application of scientific and or acetate film, acrylic paints, miscellaneous hardware, computer, mathematical principles. Application of technical writing skills in word processor, and CAD or drawing software. preparing the project report. (wfd)
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 17 ACTIVITIES
The Business Card Walter F. Deal, III Context Challenge rrrti 11.1. IV Many people in business, industry, and education have personal Visit your s.:hool library and laIsnrakasi Specialst calling cards that are commonly called business cards. These little research a career specialty or area THAat Cr*. I.nntisaal cards, generally measuring 2" X 31/2" contain a wealth of that interests you. Research the Wald TN. CI* Norfolk Viegivl DTI/ information about an individual and his or her associations. A career requirements, special 110:44,13,403 person's name, title or position, phone number, company address training or educational and affiliation, as well as a corporate logo may appear on business requirements, salary ranges, and opportunities for a job of your cards. They are used for introductions and in some cases are a interest. Apply planning and design skills to create an appropriate form of advertising. business card that represents your career choice. You may wish to print copies of your business card with a computer printer or other Business cards may include a wide variety of graphic layout printing technologies. techniques. They may be designed very conservatively with 71.ro.th just a name and address or they Resources and References Used (Materials used in completing this activity.) Fmk del, IV, WEE Traded4mmMeyst may include corporate logos or other graphics represent a company or person's interests. Objectives ha MO 101-1000 In Mme Oa, VA DM Business cards are usually printed 1. Demonstrate creative design skills. on index or cover stock with a variety of finishes and types of papers. Business cards may be even 2. Apply good design principles in preparing thumbnail and printed on plastics or metals. A variety of paper and ink colors may rough sketches and a mechanical layout. be used to enhance the appeal of a business card. Additionally, photographs, holographic images, or clip art may be used as part 3. Use drawing and computer tools to design and print a business of the card design. card.
Business cards, like letters of introduction in colonial times, have 4. Use the school library to research career opportunities, become part of our culture and arc used to get to know someone qualifications, education and
or introducing one's self professionally. Frequently, business cards training requirements, working Dialog I.Ar Sew Ow Fro, are kept in special cases in one's pocket or purse, or on a desk in an conditions, and salary ranges for
attractive tray. Frequently people that travel to other cciuntries may the career of your choice. Err*Deli, IV, Pb.D have one side of their card printed in English while the reverse side Paientologiu
may be printed in the language of the country being visited. Rest Materials & ArCOM)WI4100 GM.. VA UM In some eastern cultures, such as China or Japan, the presentation of Equipment one's business card is a very special event. The owner of a card should Sketching pad, pencils, erasers, colored markers, and clip art, or present his or her card to the another person so that they could read computer, printer, and graphics software. and examine the card. The recipient of the card would carefully view the card and ask questions about the owner's position, company, or logo. Accordingly, in exchanging cards with someone from another Evaluation (includes feedback) culture it would be a matter of politeness and the recipient would be 1. You arc required to present your completed business card expected to do the same. It would design and an overview of your career choice to the class. Adeerwerr aStloW1110001 RIMY.* be an insult to receive someone's card and merely "stuff it" in a 2. Describe the job outlook for the your career choice. hark OW, IV, 11,-D pocket! rib MircoNdogist VIOL laVemprool Aavall.. 3. Describe the features of your business card and the graphic Viiiale 064411.1M techniques used to produce it. (wfd)
21 18 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I Does the Shoe Fit? Walter F. Deal, III
Context provide unique fit and performance qualities. Sports shoes in these categories are called high-performance designs. Each season, new A visit to a local shopping mall will reveal that footwear is a designs are engineered and introduced with aggressive advertising multi-billion dollar global industry. While traditional shoes made campaigns. of leather, polymers, fabrics, and other materials to continue to maintain a market share of the footwear business, sport shoes have Challenge made dramatic impacts on style, performance, and design. Brand names such as Reebok, Nike, Addidas, ASIC, L.A. Gear, and Successful sports shoe companies rely on high-quality designs and British Knights are some of the major players in the sport shoe manufacture of sport shoes that are marketed with very aggressive industry. The two largest sport shoe companies are Nike and advertising campaigns. Sports shoes are designed with Reebok. Each of these companies have over $20 billion in sales high-performance and style as the guiding objectives. Designers and human factors engineers work together in creating and annually. While these two United States-based companies market a crafting shoes that meet the needs and expectations of consumers. large volume of footwear designs, they arc manufactured by over-seas companies under contract. For example, materials may The class should be divided in to design teams with the be shipped from the United States, Australia, and Canada to Korea responsibility to research the current market for sports shoes and or another country for assembly into footwear designs created by design a superior competitive product. Research factors should one of the major sport shoe companies. include specific sports shoe categories, features, materials, pricing, and style. The US-based companies specialize in creating sports shoe designs, marketing, and distribution of those products. There are Objectives at least twenty sport shoe designs available at many stores that sell sport shoes. These design categories include sport shoes specifically 1. Demonstrate creative design skills. designed for volley ball, football, casual wear, hiking, running, 2. Use drawing and computer tools to design and engineer a soccer, tennis, cross-training, aerobics, golf, and other activities. product. Sport shoes are ergonomically designed and may be enhanced with air cells or gel inserts and special pump-up air bladders or bags to 3. Demonstrate cooperative learning and teamwork in designinga high performance consumer product.
4. Apply market research strategies in identifying consumer needs.
5. Demonstrate effective writing skills in preparing and presenting a technical presentation. H-Performance Mufti-Shoe Resources (Materials used in completing this activity.) Materials & Equipment Sketching pad, pencils, erasers, colored markers, air brush, illustration board, assorted air brush inks, computer and graphics software. Evaluation 1. Each design team is to prepare and present their completed sports shoe design to the class. Super -Imo Polymer Sole 2. Describe the features and recommended materials for the sports shoe design.
Dreened ranrir Owl 3. Describe how each team's product design may be superior to the competition. (wfd)
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 22 19 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Writing Dynamic Learning Activities
John M. Ritz, D T E and Walter F. Deal, III
Resources
9v oble,)?
OUTCOMES Problems or Outcomes PROBLEMS AND Opportunities HUMAN and OR CONSEQUENCES ConsequencesOPPORTUNITIES soiving
Figure 1The Technological Method Model. Excerpt from A Conceptual Framework for Technology Education.Savage and Sterry (1990) p.13.
Design briefs are instructional tools used to stimulate creativity, The Context. This section of the design brief outlines the critical thinking and problem solving abilities of technology problem and provides a realistic background for the problem. It education students. However, prior to exposing students to the should provide stimulating information to "grab" the student's design brief instructional methodology, it is important that interest and have them want to pursue research and application in teachers teach and provide guided experiences through the a specific technological and/or quality of life area. The term problem-solving technique and technological method. Figures 1 rationale might be another word used to describe the context from and 2 illustrate the problem solving loop and the technological which the design problem will arise. It may focuson method to aid you in this process. environmental quality, job satisfaction, mobility, leisure activitiesor various other quality of life factors. With a knowledge of problem solving and the technological method, students can now progress through design solutions to The Challenge. This is section of the design brief provides for the realistic technological problems with some background establishment of the design problem. Here you should provide knowledge. Following is a convenient way of presenting enough information to give your students direction butnot the technological problems to students through the design brief answer to the problem. The challenge should delineate the format. This format is a proven way of structuring dynamic problem of the design brief. Examples could be to producean educational experiences that stimulate creative thinking and aid in advertisement for a new CD or design a gift product for Mother's the development of problem solving skills. Each design brief Day. The challenge sets the parameters for the design brief should include a context, challenge, objectives,resources, materials problem. and equipment and evaluation. (continued)
2U 23 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I A word about objectives. These are the outcomes that the students should experience as they complete the design problem. Remember that students should be developing cognitive, Sample Design Brief: psychomotor and affective knowledge related to a study of technology. You should have more than one objective for each design brief. Examples may include: apply the problem solving Communication method, experience the technological method, produce dynamic graphic layouts, construct prototypes, etc. Design Resources for the problem solving activity. These are the basic materials that are needed as references while students attempt to solve the design problem. List only those that are needed to Olympic Beverages introduce the design area. If you would like the student to include or study any particular knowledge, i.e. composite materials, reference an article here. Also provide space where students can list Resources references they found to assist them in their research. Naisbitt, John. Megatrends 2000: tei new directions for the 1990's New York: Morrow, 1990. A materials and equipment list provides direction. Here you can provide further reference to materials tools that students should use in "tackling" the research problem. Do you want them Materials and Equipment to use certain materials and tools? Is the lab wide open for their Transfer letters or graphic computer programs. Screen printing use? Do you want your students to focus on using particular supplies, card stock or other paper mediums. materials to solve the problem? Evaluation. This is where you place the criteria for judging the Context success of their design solution. Who will judge their efforts? Is The summer Olympics will be held in Barcelona, Spain, this there a weight limit to their design? Should the solution include a year. Athletes and spectators from over 150 countries will be written report or technical presentation? Should the prototype of their design function? In the evaluation section, you establish how attending these events. To satisfy the thirsts of those in student's solutions will be assessed. attendance, numerous beverages will be needed. Athletes from tropical areas prefer fruit drinks as compared to carbonated #,Redesign/ beverages. In addition, those in attendance will be from various Reimplementation cultures and speak numerous different languages. To make the 8 Testing & athletes feel relaxed and not upset their dietary systems, it is Evaluation important that the Olympic Committee cater to their needs. 7 Prototyping Challenge Analysis & Investigation Design a beverage container for supplying Olympic athletes and 6 Developmentalspectators with fresh juices. Keep in mind that the container Work should be convenient for suppliers and groundskeepers, and Framing a 2 should address the cultural needs of those in attendance. Design Brief 5 Choosing the Solution Objectives Information 3 4 Generation of Gathering Alternative Solutions 1. Apply the problem solving method. The Design Loop 2. Utilize the technological method. 3. Produce prototypes of products.
Figure 2The Design Loop. Excerpt from "The Teaching and Learning 4. Apply graphic techniques to enhance a product design. Environment."The Technology Teacher. Todd (1990) 50(3) p.5. Evaluation 1. All containers must be 473 ml. Try it! A sample design brief is shown to illustrate the a simple technique that can be used to teaching problem solving and critical 2. Consideration should be given to shippingrequ, cments. thinking skills. We hope that this design brief process will assistyou in developing your technology education programs. If you develop 3. Consideration should be given to disposal requirements. some successful design briefs, send them to The Technology Teacher, International Technology Education Association, 1914 4. Select students from your school's foreign language classes Association Drive, Reston, VA 22091. to judge the best design solution.
TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 21 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Technology is Building in the First Grade
Cindy E,tchison Toni Earthing
Objective To develop an awareness that technology is building and that Post, in the wooden block center, a partner challenge every two to building uses a variety of materials. three weeks. With a partner, construct a building as suggested by the challenge card posted. Together read the challenge and the Background safety rules. Examples of challenges follow. Students have had a variety of experience building with wooden Challenge 1: Build the tallest building you and your partner can, blocks, unifix cubes, pattern blocks, and notched-out foam using three different kinds of wooden block shapes, that can stand hexagon pieces. They have experimented with these things during freely. Explore Time. Explore Time is a part of the day when students freely "explore" different things about the room. They may visit Challenge 2: Build a building that holds the most books. the class library, put together a puzzle, build a structure with blocks or unifuc cubes, make math sentences with colored links, or You may use as many blocks of as many shapes you'd like. a variety of other activities. Challenge 3: Build a building that remains standing on a slanted To add a technology twist to Explore Time, a bi-monthly surface. technology challenge is posted in the block area. The challenges arc written so they can be read independently. If partners choose These building challenges can easily be expanded by varying the this option during explore time, they read and implement the materials used for building. Using drinking straws, toothpicks, challenge using whatever materials are listed. After working popsicle sticks, or other items will also allow for creative together for five to eight minutes, the partners go and get the next exploration. pair of partners to try the challenge. The pair that has just finished building will explain to the next two what they did, and discuss Summary any problems that occurred and how they solved them. Students begin to use vocabulary that describes basic construction techniques. They use the problem solving approach to make Procedure choices and decide on an appropriate solution. They have applied math concepts (measuring, weight, balance, and shapes) in order An illustrated Flow Chart of how to make a peanut butter and jelly to meet the challenge. They use their creativity to apply to real life sandwich in the form of a bulletin board provides the start to an problems such as the need for a dog house, storage for bikes, and interesting class discussion. After the students observe the board toys. for a few days, the interpretation begins. To "build" the sandwich correctly we need to follow certain steps using certain materials. Students can role play how to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich. This is a good kickoff to use to explain that we can build many other things just like we build sandwiches, and that a variety of materials can be used.
22 25 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I Sound, Sensors & Logic
Walter F. Deal, III
Feedback (Control) Context Promste Output Every year thousands of people are injured or killed by fires in buildings and homes. Local, state, and national buildingc- 'es are t designed to help ensure that the health and safety of all individuals &Whites Resistanos Devices are protected during the construction of buildings and structures. Magnetic Devices Thermal Fire extinguishers, sprinkler systems, and fire alarmsare used to Light Pressure Transistors protect inhabitants in the event of a fire emergency. Following 'Integrated Circuits Vacuum Tubes good safety practices in storing and using flammable materialscan Electro-methonicol Devioes LarCts help reduce the risk of fires. However, in the event ofa fire LEDs Buzzers/bells condition in a structure, the earliest possible warning and Piano Devices Sensing systems us* on input process, and evacuation significantly reduces the risk of injury. output process. A Therrnal sensor senses heot. =Ps" The sensor signal is processed by a logic sub- Solenoids system e d triggers an output device. Rebus Fire and smoke sensing systems include mechanical and chemical sensors as well as electronic systems. All homes should include at least one smoke or fire alarm that has the capabilityto sense heat, smoke, or combustible gases. Generally, heat detectors have thermal sensors that detect abnormally high temperatures. Smoke 3. Demonstrate cooperative learning and teamwork in designinga detectors may use optical sensors that detect smoke. Whilemore technological system. sophisticated sensors use a radiation chamber to detect combustible gases during the pm-ignition phase ofa fire situation. 4. Demonstrate effective writing skills in preparing andpresenting some detectors use a combinar:on of sersors to provide a broader a technical presentation. degree of protection. 5. Demonstrate skill in designing and constructinga package Sensors, logic circuits, and output devices can be usedto detect design for a fire or smoke detector. and make decisions, and announce certain environmental conditions. The concept of input (sensor), logic circuits (process), Resources and output (buzzer or other audible device) providesan insight into how alarm systems operate. Thermistors and photo devices (Materials used in completing this activity.) can be used to detect heat and light. Basic logic circuits such as OR gates and AND gates can be used for processing signals Materials detected by sensors. Output devices such as piezo buzzer, lamps, Sketching pad, pencils, erasers, colored markers, illustration board, and light emmitting diodes (LED) can be usedas annunciators or foam core board, and miscellaneous material. Electronic warning devices. components cg. thermistors, phototransistor, relay, piezo buzzer, lamp/LED, AND gate, OR gate, battery,or a commerical Challenge electronics experimenter. The type of fire or smoke detector and its locationare important considerations in providing an early fire warning condition. Evaluation Residential and commercial structures have unique needs and 1. Each team is to design and constructa fire detector. building codes designed to provide protection to theiroccupants and contents. Your challenge is to identify sensors that can be used 2. Prepare a presentation sketch or drawing fora fire detector to detect heat and or smoke which are several indicators of a fire package design. condition. Design and fabricate a simple smoke andor fire detector using electronic components and describe appropriate 3. Describe the features and recommended materials forthe fire locations for the placement of detector systems. detector design.
Objectives 4. Describe how the concept of input,process, and output apply 1. Demonstrate problem solving skills. to your team's fire detector design.
2. Use electrical/electronic technologies to provide and audible 5. Describe the location and placcmenc of fire detectorsystems for and visual warning of potential fire conditions. residential structures.
6. Describe how each team's product designmay be superior to the competition. (wfd) TECHNOLOGY LEARNING Activrms I 23 26 BEST COPY AVAILABL' TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITY
Weather Forecast
K. George Skena
Challenge Conduct your experiment in groups of two U. Warm air rises -orfr. or more. Begin a two to four week log to sinks record your daily observations of the sky Warmer air where each of you live. The group will mass Rai n falls decide on two times per day that you will record your observations in the log. Always N COLD 'AIR MASS look at the sky with the sun behind you, and choose two areas of the sky to monitor. Your observation points should be at 45 degree angle above the horizon. Warning: NEVER LOOK DIRECTLY INTO THE SUN! The group will decide what words you will use to describe the different hues you may see. Pick a number to correspond to the intensity of the various hues. Include descriptions of the clouds and their brightness. Then each will write a brief description of what you see at both observation points each time you observe > the sky. Include your notes about the Cool sir Warmer air weather at the bottom of each day's entry. from Warm land air from the is cooled over Be sure to note temperature, barometric water Heat water rises moves water from pressure, and whether it was sunny or onto lend cloudy, rainy, or clear. land rises 24 27 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITY his weaponry. Note that everything was nearly perfectly preserved, even bits of his The Secrets of the hair! Assume that you have a team of three persons to help with your research. What kinds of experts would you choose? What Iceman do you think your research would reveal? Prepare a sketch of what your team perceives the Iceman looked like. Write a scenario describing the technologies that Walter F. Deal III appear to have existed during his time. Prescnt your analyses to the class. Objectives Apply critical thinking skills. Use collaborative learning techniques to investigate the tools and technology that existed during the life of the Iceman in the late stone age. Prepare a time line identifying major developments in the technology of tools and metals. Use computer skills to collect and analyze data. Use effective writing and presentation skills preparing and presenting a report about the life and technology of the Iceman. Assess the impacts of the discovery of the Iceman on the history of humans and technological developments. Context flint dagger, and other items were all found Imagine that you and a friend were with the Iceman. The boots? They were a Resources and References Used exploring in a remote snow-covered well-worn size 6 and stuffed with straw for (Books, magazines, etc. used in completing mountain region and you came across the insulation against the cold. He even had a this activity.) body of a partially snow-covered human tattoo on his body. It was as if the Iceman Jaroff, Leon, "Iceman," Time Magazine. being. At first, shivers may move was frozen in his tracksa snap-shot frozen October 26, 1992, Volume 140, up-and-down your spine! At second glance, in time. By using radiocarbon dating Number 17, pages 62-65. your curiosity and observations would tell Ross, Philip E., "Eloquent Remains," you that the leather-like body in strange analysis, scientists have determined that the Iceman's time period was the late Stone Scientific American, May 1992, Volume clothing was from another time. On 266, Number 5. September 19, 1991 Helmut Simon and his Age, some 5,300 to 5,600 years ago! wife, two German tourists, spotted what is Materials & Equipment now known as the Iceman. He was on the Challenge Sketch pad, pencils and colored pencilsor border of Italy and Austria. At first they We often think of Technology Education as computer, word processor, graphics and thought it was a doll, but then they a multi-disciplinary study of tools, materials drawing software, and animation or recognized the body as that of a human and processes and artifacts of civilizations of presentation software. being. The couple suspected foul play and the past and present. As human civilizations Evaluation raced to get the authorities to examine the progress and develop, the technology, body. Thus, a little over a year ago, the 1. Each research team is to identify several language and culture change with them. greatest archaeological find was accidently major disciplines or areas of expertise made by two people hiking on the Our artifacts tell a very accurate story about that would be appropriate for analyzing mountain slopes of Italy. who we are and how we live. The Iceman the Iceman. Scientists have never had the opportunity lived and died over 5,300 years ago, but left 2. Each team is to prepare a scenario to examine such a remarkably us with a legacy of information that is sure about what life might be like 5,300 well-preserved human specimen. The to fill volumes of books about who he was, years ago. Iceman was nearly perfectly preserved and how he lived, and the technology his 3. Each team is to prepare and presenta literally died with more than his boots on! society used. media-based report such as may be Large pieces of clothing, neatly tailored and Imagine that you are a researcher with seen on an evening TV newscast stitched, a nearly pure copper ax, a bow andthe opportunity to study the Iceman. You describing a "Story of the Iceman." arrows (several were .nfinished and without need to assemble a team of experts to study 4. Write a scenario or an assessment of feat} ^rs), some berries and mushrooms, a the Iceman's body, his clothing and tools, how the team's findings will affect the thorn from a deer's antler, a razor-sharp the bits of food that he was carrying, and history of humans and technology. TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 25 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITY Construction/Manufacturing David A. Baird Project intended function/use of the 8 modification of existing 6% waste = 14 points Design and construct a game, prototype. design 8% waste = 12 points Students will make a formal toy or puzzle 6 existing design over 8% waste= 10 points presentation of their final 2. Functionality 20 points 5. Written Report 10 points prototype solution to the class. Materials and Equipment 20 consistently performs 10 no, or only minor It will include a demonstration 18 seldom malfunctions errors in writing 1-2" X 1"x 12" fir of the product's function/use 16 works better than half 8 three errors in spelling, 1-5/16" X 12" dowel and will also address the major of the time grammar or style Standard woodworking tools problems encountered. 6 four or five errors in and equipment 14 works infrequently Objectives 12 does not work spelling, grammar, or Rationale 1. Apply the problem solving 3. Quality of Workmanship 20 style method. 4 over five errors in Schools frequently are faced points 2. Produce prototypes of spelling, grammar or with providing experiences for 20 quality with few if any products. defects style students in technology 3. Demonstrate the safe use of 6. Oral Report 10 points education with little or no 18 minor defects not woodworking tools and detracting from product 10 complete and well budget. Even when students are equipment. delivered expected to provide their own 16 defects distracting but 4. Employ the principles of not preventing function 8 complete with few materials some are not able to design. or overall acceptability speaking problems do so. Problem solving 5. Generate a technical report. 14 major defects in 6 presentA with some techniques applied to design 6. Communicate orally with workmanship errors of omission and and prototyping with limited the language of technology 12 incomplete project delivery problems materials can lessen the effects Evaluation 4. Amount of Waste 20 points 4 presentation was made of these factors. 1. Unique Design 10 points 2% waste or less = 20 points This activity can easily be the 10 totally new design 1% waste = 16 points culminating activity for a unit on problem solving techniques and practices. It works equally well with materials other than a two by four. Of course, all students must be supplied with identical materials. The problem Given the instructor supplied materials, design and construct a game, toy, or puzzle. Nothing, other than glue, may be added. No finish is to be applied unless it is an integral part of the design, i.e. a :hecker board. After the prototype is produced write an analysis of the time spent in original design formulation, initial construction, re-design, and final construction. This report will contain an analysis of the amount of waste that is unusable as part of the finished product. It will also cover the 2S 26 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITY Graphic Advertising Utilizing Paper Engineering Dan Brown Interdisciplinary a medium that will effectively or concepts. The marriage of prototype of a brochure that Aspects reach that audience. Television design concepts and kinematics will persuade prospective is effective as an advertising to create motion in a context students to enroll in Technology Truly interdisciplinary in nature,media because it can combine that is usually characterized by Education. Your team should this project affords the visual imagery with motion andstatic images can produce create or design appropriate opportunity to incorporate the sound to capture and hold the visually striking and effective slogans and persuasive copy or psychology of selling, the use ofattention of the intended results. Knowledge of the same art work as needed. Pop-up art target audiences, and the use ofaudience long enough to relay kinematic concepts that are has existed for many years but ianguage to persuade and the message, but not all utilized to achieve motion in recently it has made significant convey information through theaudiences can be reached paper engineering can then be gains in popularity as a marketing/advertising efficiently through the televisiontransferred by the student, technique for use in children's component. The study of medium. The same through the aid of class books and some specialized graphic design principles allows communication concepts discussion, to other advertising applications. Your students to develop an increasedadapted to the limitations of technological device. final product will be a carefully appreciation of the visual aspectsother media can communicate designed three dimensional of communication. The study ofyour message very efficiently. Objectives (pop-up) brochure that kinematics allows students to The use of humor in promotes Technology begin to develop an advertising is based largely on 1. Increase consumer awarenessEducation. Apply what you have understanding of linkages, the memorable effect of surpriseof marketing techniques learned about the use of space, motion, and vector forces. A when they arrange for us to through the exploration of line, form, color, balance, brief exploration of the encounter ordinary things in communication principles proportion, unity, and rhythm mathematics employed both in very out of the ordinary utilized in marketing and to your design. kinematics and in the layout of situations or vise versa. Motion advertising. the graphic design could expose where none is expected 2. Learn to apply basic graphic Materials and students to new, practical combined with humor and/or design principles (e.g. space, line applications. Equipment striking visual images can form, color, balance, accomplished a similar effect. proportion, unity, and rhythm). A. 81/2 X 14 sheet of card stock Context This motion can be achieved 3. Increase understanding of or other heavy paper with the basic kinematics principles as ability to spring back when In our world today, many through the application of paper applied to the design of pop-up folded. (2 sheets for each dollars and much creative effort engineering to graphic design devices and other technological group). are invested by people problems solving activities. devices. B. Newsprint, butchers paper preoccupied with the sale of Graphic designers are first and 4. Become aware of or other large paper for their products, services, ideas, orforemost expert communicators. mathematics applications in sketching, practice, and table candidates. The primary tool forThe graphic design field is kinematics, layout and design. protection (buy in bulk, and these marketing efforts is constantly searching for 5. Develop three dimensional supply as needed). advertising. Advertising is a innovative techniques that will visualization skills. C. Colored marker sets (1 set process that strives to inform or catch and hold the attention of 6. Provide opportunities for for each group). target audiences; new ways to persuade. It can be used to students to practice teamwork D. Ruler promote a name, an idea, or a stand out from the flood of skills. E. Scissors product. Often advertising deals information and messages that 7. Provide opportunities for F. Glue or rubber cement of not in facts but in feelings, we are bombarded with daily. students to develop public type that sticks well to the paper implication, surprise, humor, One interdisciplinary learning presentation skills. type selected (1 container for and emotion laden images. activity that can allow students 8. Improve student each group). Most advertising is aimed- at the to improve their ability to understanding of the use of G. Numerous magazines, subconscious levels of the brain. communicate graphically while language to persuade and newspapers, and clip art (or use Emotion laden visual images exploring engineering, convey information. computer to print graphics) may be more persuasive, and are mathematics, design and 9. Practice creative problem which can be incorporated as often remembered longer than marketing concepts is to design solving skills. paste-up into the prototype. logic. a promotional item through the Advertising is essentially use of paper engineering, a applied communication. Some design concept that has long Challenge Procedure key elements of efficient been utilized in greeting cards Break into teams of two or 1. Have students examine communication arc targeting and children's pop-up books to three. Your assignment is to examples of pop-up cards and specific audiences, then selectingentertain, and market products design and produce a creative books and discuss the TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 30 27 possibilities and limitations of for debriefing discussion after pop-up art in advertising the analysis step. This applications. post-activity discussion will 2. Divide students into groups allow the students to discuss and encourage the use of observations and internalize and brainstorming and thumbnail analyze the concepts and sketches to develop an applications they have been appropriate theme, slogan, and over all visual presentation exposed to in the course of the concept for the bre-lure. activity and analysis. It is also 3. Members of the group will useful to note the differences experiment with the pop-up and similarities in advertising construction techniques techniques used in television, illustrated in Paper Engineering magazines, billboards, for Pop-up Books and Cards brochures, etc. (Hiner, 1985), study examples of pop-up construction broughtReferences from home, or design their Hiner, M. (1985), Paper own. Regardless of the pop-up engineering for pop-up books mechanisms selected, careful and cards. Ipswich, Suffolk, attention to detail or the England: Ancient House technical considerations listed Press. with each design in Hiner (1985) will help assure success. Whether you chose to utilize a mechanism developed by others, or design your own, you will find that experimentation and/or careful mathematical calculation is necessary because the exact shape and placement of pop-up components varies with each individual design. 4.Final version of the brochure is assembled and readied for presentation to the class. Analysis Have students display or present their group projects to the class, attempting to persuade the class that the presenters' promotional design is the best. The class members will use a checklist to rate their own and their classmate's work. Grades will be based on mean scores awarded by the class. One important criteria for evaluation that should earn points is the creative use of surprise, humor, or other emotional devices. Points should be awarded for overall creativity, craftsmanship, and the effective application of art/design concepts taught previously (c.g. line, form, contrast, color, balance, etc.). Allow the class time to discuss the application of criteria where they wish. The learning effectiveness will be enhanced if time is allotted 28 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES Emergency Shelter Walter F. Deal, III -1111111MW needed to be cleared and repaired so that needed supplies could be delivered to the disaster areas. Communications services such as telephones, radio and TV were destroyed. Challenge Housing and shelter remains a major problem for the disaster victims of hurricane Andrew! Sources of building supplies are extremely limited. The prices of basic building supplies such as two-by-fours, plywood, and siding increased substantially because the scarcity and making it difficult for the disaster victims 4.1 ;. ' " to build temporary housing and shelter. City planners and relief agencies have issued a plea for , architects and engineer's to . `..f design low cost temporary The shell of a manufactured home stands among the ruins of other homes in a south Dade County housing shelter for families in the disaster development(AP/Daily PressNewport News, VA). areas of Florida and Louisiana. The city planner's data base shows that the average family size is approximately three persons. The climate of the Context such a powerful storm. This imagine! The estimated cost of disaster areas are semi-tropical The inter-relationships of can be attributed to the hurricane Andrew's damage and require minimal needs for Communication, Transportation National Hurricane Center's may approach $20 billion. heating. The city planners have andConstructioncan be readily accurate forecast of when and People returned to where their asked for shelter designs that are seen as we view the effects of where Andrew would hit on homes once stood found piles oflight weight, easy to assemble, hurricane Andrew. Andrew August 24, 1992. Additionally, debris. They had no place to low cost, provide reasonable started as a tropical storm in the the cooperative efforts of local, live, either temporary or weather protection, and are Caribbean and moved state, and federal agencies permanent. Large tents were transportable by truck to needed locations. Can your northwest toward Florida while provided emergency evacuation erected, but people found them procedures. design team meet the challenge gaining strength. By the time less than satisfactory living South Florida seemed to be of the city planners for this that Andrew reached the coast arrangements and no privacy. the most heavily damaged by Roads and highways were barely crisis? of Florida it had incre, ed in the forceful winds of Andrew passable. No running water. No strength to a Force 4 hurricane! Resources and References that exceeded 160 miles per electricity. No radio and TV. Andrew moved westward across Used hour. The storm destroyed Food, water, and shelter were in (Books, magazines, etc. used in south Florida, the Gulf of thousands of homes, buildings, extremely short supply! completing this activity.) Mexico and into Louisiana with and public utilities such as Government agencies moved destructive forces that have not water, energy, and into the Florida and Louisiana Objectives been seen in the history of the communication services. The disaster areas to assess the 1. Demonstrate creative United States. Nearly 700,000 public utilities or infrastructure destruction and assist in problem solving and design people were evacuated from the and the means of the restoring public utilities such as skills. coastal areas of Florida. Th.. distribution of goods and water, communications, and 2. Apply good construction death toll was 15 services were severely damaged. energy. Distribution techniques in designing peopleremarkably low for The devastation is hard to systemsroads and highways temporary shelter. Continued on page 30 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 29 32 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES The Cellular Connection Walter F. Deal, III Context feature-packed screen displays, 2. Apply ergonomic Evaluation (includes Today we give little thought in speed and memory dialing, principles in designing a cellular feedback): communicating zcross town or volume control, hands-free phone package. 1. Present your completed across the country using voice operation, long-life batteries, 3. Use drawing and cellular design to the class, communication technologies or and etc are features that are computer tools to plan and identifying unique features, and typically available. The compact design. the telephone. Alexander G. user considerations. size of new cellular phones 4. Use modelling materials Bell is credited for inventing the 2. Describe why your first working telephone in 1876. require miniature electronics to construct an actual size and appropriate material model. product design is better than What would you imagine what competitive products. it would be like living in a selection for the design and 5. Visit cellular telephone retailers to compare cellular 3. Assess the impact that . society without telephones? manufacture of cases that are rugged and durable. Engineers phone products. cellular phone technologies will Before the invention of the have on communications and telephone, couriers, messengers,apply ergonomic designs to Materials & Equipment manufacturing. and mail was used as a means of meet the needs of consumers in Sketching pad, pencils, erasers, 4. Write a scenario describing distant communication. The producing reliable and attractivecolored markers, acrylic paints, products. the social and economic impact telegraph offer a means of modelling clay, computer, distant communication but Challenge printer, drafting tools, CAD of cellular telephone technology. required specially trained A wide variety of materials can software, styrofoam, operators to interpret or decode be used in the manufacture of construction paper, or other messages from one party to cellular phone cases. Plastics, modelling supplies. another. metals, and composite materials Digital electronics, automatic offer specific advantages of switching equipment, strength, weight, durability, cost microwaves, and satellite and ease of production. Your connections with have at our challenge is to design and command a truly global construct a model cellular communication connection. phone package, identify features Over 90% of the population in that would be attractive to the United States has a consumers and beat the telephone in their home. competition. Your model shouldContinued from page 29 Innovative developments in simulate a prototype design. 3. Use drawing and Evaluation (includes electronics has brought about You will need to specify the type compwer tools to plan and feedback): new services for portable of material that the case or design. 1. You are required to telephone use's. Cellular package is to be made from and 4. Use architectural present your completed telephones offer all of the identify the advantages of the modelling materials to construct emergency shelter design and an advantages of regular telephonesmaterials that you select. overview of your career choice and are truly portable. We can It is suggested that you a scale shelter design. to the class. use cellular phones in our obtain product literature from 5. Visit the school library or 2. Describe the unique homes, automobiles, offices and several cellular phone guidance office to research construction features of team's nearly anywhere you could manufactures to compare career opportunities, design. imagine at work or recreation! features, size, and costs. qualifications, education and Today designers and training requirements, working 3 Assess the impact that engineers arc consumer-orientedResources and References conditions, and salary ranges for your emergency shelter design in designing new cellular phone Used the related careers in the could have in meeting the systems for global markets. They(Books, magazines, etc. used in construction industry. shelter needs of hurricane completing this activity.) arc concerned with the technical Andrew's victims. Product literature from features and aesthetics of the Materials & Equipment W.F.D. companies like Motorola, NEC, actual product. Design Sketching pad, pencils, erasers, Tcchnophone, or others. technology and material colored markers, computer, selection for packaging the Objectives printer, drafting tools, CAD cellular phone arc a priority. 1. Demonstrate creative software, foam core board, Features such as high reliability, problem solving and design construction paper, or other reasonably priced, skills. modelling supplies. 30 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I 33 1 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue Cindy Etchison Background Information stop watch for time trials. that time. Maps of that day sailing ships (sloop, brigatine, Explorers/History Consumable materials: underestimated the size of the schooner, bark, etc.) Ages 8-12 plasticine, styrofoam, wood earth, showed one ocean (the research the names of the sails The teacher should obtain the scraps, fabric scraps, plastic Atlantic) between Europe and and parts of a ship materials for the testing tract wrap, plastic containers and lids,Ma. Social Studies and set it up in a wet & dirty cardboard, dowels, popsickle what cities have been named for area, with access to an electric sticks, yarn, string, rubber Challenge Columbus? outlet. The teacher will want to bands. Plan and build a sailboat that what celebrations have been discuss the safety factors travels a distance of 3 feet as planned to celebrate the 500 involved when using water and Context quickly as possible. Determine year anniversary of his discovery electricity. Various materials can Students have been studying the width of the tract and locate the path of his trip using be used for the body, mast, and about Christopher Columbus choose a material for the boat maps and globes research other explorers: sails of the boat. Encourage and his discovery of America in that has buoyancy. Select the students to fasten these material, shape, number, and Magellan, Cabot, Hudson 1492. Discuss how water travel Math materials in a variety of ways had been done up to that point placement of the sail(s). Decide on the methods of joining the obtain a nautical chart and besides using a hot glue gun in history. Discuss the various various materials that you locate landmarks, (yarn/string for tying or sewing;reasons why the sea had been choose. The craft should be longitude/latitude, and depth sleeves for insertion of the mast, travelled and explored by many sturdy enough to withstand the markings. Chart a course from angle brackets for connecting civilizations (Chinese, Arabs, journey. one point to another. graph the the mast to body, or a hole in Greeks, Indians, Vikings, etc.). results of the distance & time the body that makes a tight fit Columbus and other great Objectives trials for the mast). A skill knife can sailors changed the world with 1. Students will apply the Technology be used to cut the material used their voyages of discovery. He problem solving method. research the navigation aids that for the body of the boat. had set out for Japan, a trip that 2. Students will produce are in use today practice Encourage the students to makehe calculated to be 3,000 miles. prototypes of products. "seamanship" by tying various a paper template before Instead, he found a new 3. Become aware of how sails knots (splice, figure eight, beginning to cut any material. continent. The Santa Maria can power crafts. sheepshank, bowline) Provide a variety of materials, so was 90 feet by 20 feet, smaller 4. Investigate the properties of develop a timeline that shows that students can explore weightthan a tugboat. The ship various materials and select the develop of sea vessels (from log rafts to paddle-wheels to and size. averaged about 100 miles a appropriate ones to complete a day. He made the first 33-day task. tankers Resources run across an unknown ocean. "Men, Ships, and the Sea" by This design brief can be used Evaluation Capt. Alan Villiers for the to demonstrate the forces actingThe boat should be buoyant, be National Geographic Society upon sails and the idea of sail powered, travel 3 feet, and distance and time. Columbus remain sturdy enough for Materials and Equipment also had to use navigational aids another voyage. Testing tract: wall paper tray, such as the stars and charts. rain gutter, or other pan of Columbus' mistake (not gettingRelated learning concepts approximately 3 feet long, hair to Cathay) sprang from the lack Language dryer or small electric fan, and a of knowledge of geography at research the various kinds of TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACHVMES I 11 31 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITY Tax or Regulate Walter F. Deal, III Context automobiles. The regulations gasoline through a tax to reduceEvaluation The United States is one of the are called CAFE (Corporate the national deficit over the next 1. Each policy team is to give wealthiest countries in the Average Fuel Economy) and five years. Ironically, the U.S. an oral report describing the world, yet it has a staggering required that auto manufactures automakers support a gasoline benefits of their scenario. national budget deficit of more meet a 27.5 mpg average rating tax that directly affects the 2. Based on their findings, the than $320 billion! There arc for all passenger cars that they products that they manufacture. teams arc to present a report Your challenge is to prepare a many arguments for increasing manufactured by 1990. This is and recommendations to the scenario that addresses the income taxes, adding new taxes, the current standard. class. reducing taxes, and cutting Automobiles manufactured in benefits and negative consequences of increasing the 3. Use creative presentation entitlement programs. It appears1973 averaged 13.2 miles per strategies in presenting the that there are as many proposals gallon and by 1991, the average CAFE or increasing the gasoline tax. team report. for reducing the national deficit had increased to 27.3 mpg. 4. Write an assessment as there are dollars of deficit. Currently there are some It is important to consider a broad perspective of this describing how your team's One proposal is to increase the proposals to increase the CAFE problem. Factors such as people recommendations will affect federal gasoline tax. The federal to 31 to 33 mpg by 2001 and in various income groups, the national deficit, tax on gasoline is now 14.1 other proposals to increase it to manufacturers, automobile consumer behavior, auto cents per gallon. It is estimated 40 miles per gallon. designs, businesses, the manufactures, fuel needs, that over a five year period a The purpose of CAFE is to environment, inflation, social and etc. 50-cent increase in the gasoline require automakers to design security retirees, and the tax could reduce the deficit 15 and produce more efficient national deficit must be a part of percent by 1997. automobiles, reduce our your team's scenario. Strangely enough, Detroit dependence on imported oil, Additionally, how would citizens auto makers support increasing and reduce automobile respond to their Congressional the gasoline tax. The emissions. However, there have representatives. Remember, automakers prefer an increase in been several factors that were these are tough decisions with the gasoline tax rather than not anticipated or expected. differing consequences for increasingly tough fuel economyThese included increased consumers, business, and standards. Currently, U.S. concern for auto emissions and industry. automakers produce compact pollution, the decline of automobiles that exceed federal gasoline prices in real terms, and Objectives fuel mileage requirements. consumer behavior. In 1960 the Apply critical thinking skills. These smaller automobiles use adjusted price for gasoline was Use collaborative learning less fuel than full -sized cars and $1.45 and in 1992 is only $1.12 techniques. produce fewer emissions. per gallon. Automobile gasoline Use effective writing and However, consumers prefer mileage has doubled during the presentation skills preparing large and more powerful last twenty years and people and presenting an oral report. automobiles, thus creating little allowing people to drive larger, Demonstrate positive demand for the compact fuel less fuel efficient automobiles attitudes toward efficient efficient automobiles. without increasing their fuel energy use. Federal fuel efficiency costs. People have substantially Assess the impacts in using regulations were enacted increased the number of miles policies that employ taxation because of the 1973 Middle that they drive annually because and regulations. East oil imbargo. During that of low cost fuel and improved time, price of gasoline reached fuel economy. This increase in Resources and References an all-time high. Not only had driving activity has also caused Used the price of gasoline increased, itthe numbers of traffic related (Books, magazines, etc. used in became very limited in supply. deaths to increase. completing this activity.) There were long lines of The World Almanac and Book consumers waiting for their turn of Facts (1992). at the gasoline pump. Challenge Subsequently, Congress passed Many proposals have been Materials & Equipment regulations in 1975 that presented on the dilemma of theNote pads, pencils, write-on required automakers to increase national deficit. One proposal transparency film, markers, and the gasoline mileage of their calls for increasing the cost of other presentation materials. 32 35 TECHNOLOGY LEARNING ACTIVITIES I International Technology Education Association 1914 Association Drive Reston, VA 22091-1502 36