Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları Yup’ik Plant and Animal Names Naunraat Ungungssit-llu
✎
Ümüt Çınar
Nisan 2012
KEÇİÖREN / ANKARA Turkey
Kmoksy
birinci baskı www.kmoksy.com
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 1
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
The re-designed images or collages (mostly taken from the Wikipedia) are not copyrighted and may be freely used for any purpose Central Alaskan Yup’ik (esu)-speaking Area
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 2
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
Animalia (animals «» hayvanlar) animal «» hayvan ungungssiq (sg) ungungssit (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ wild animal «» yaban hayvanı, yabani hayvan yuilqurmiutaq
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ sea animals, animals of the ocean «» deniz hayvanları imarpigmi ungungssit (pl) imarpigmiut [lit. “people of the ocean”] imarpiim unguvalriit [lit. “living things in the ocean”]
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ animals of the coast «» kıyı hayvanları imarpiim ceniini ungungssit (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ animals of the river «» ırmak hayvanları mermecetulit ungungssit (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ animals of the land «» kara hayvanları yuilqumi ungungssit (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ animals of the forest «» orman hayvanları napamiutaat ungungssit (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ domestic animals «» evcil hayvanlar nuyurrilnguut ungungssit (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 3
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
Mammalia (mammals «» memeliler)
marine mammals, sea mammals «» deniz memelileri imarpigmiutaq (sg) imarpigmiutaat (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Delphinapterus leucas beluga, beluga whale, belukha, white whale «» beyaz balina cetuaq (sg) cetuak (dual) cetuat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988, Chythlook 1994), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) cituaq Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 2001)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Orcinus orca killer whale «» katil balina arrluk (sg) arrluuk (dual) arrluut (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Balaena mysticetus bowhead whale, bowhead (locally: black whale) «» Grönland balinası arveq (sg) arverek (dual) arveret (pl) Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pinnipedia seals «» foklar, yüzgeçayaklılar taqukat (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) seal flipper, bird claw, talon; caribou-nail scraper «» mors yüzgeci; kuş pençesi cetumquq (sg) setumquq (pl)
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 4
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Odobenus rosmarus divergens walrus (subspecies: Pacific walrus) «» mors asveq (sg) asverek ~ asevrek (dual) asveret ~ asevret (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak}(Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Fall 1991), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001) kaugpak (pl) HBC big, rough walrus «» büyük, iri mors asverpak (sg) asverpiit (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Erignathus barbatus bearded seal «» sakallı fok maklak (sg) makliik (dual) makliit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 1998, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Emmonak} (Coffing 1998), HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Coffing 1998), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Georgette 1998) maklagaq HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) tungunquq Nelson Island almigaq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Georgette 1998) large male bearded seal giving its mating call, bearded seal in rut «» çiftleşme döneminde böğüren iri erkek sakallı fok qalriq (sg) qalrit (pl) adult bearded seal with a small body but the flippers and intestines of an adult «» boyu ufak fakat yüzgeç ve bağırsakları normal yetişkinlerinki gibi olmasına karşın bedeni ufak olan yetişkin sakallı fok maklacuk ?nemercuk Yukon {Emmonak}, HBC {Hooper Bay}, Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Coffing 1998) subadult bearded seal, adolescent bearded seal, bearded seal in its second year «» genç (ergen) sakallı fok maklassuk Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} Wolfe 1993, Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1998), Yukon {Emmonak}, HBC {Hooper Bay} (Coffing 1998) two-year-old bearded seal «» iki yaşında sakallı fok maklassugaq young (?one-year-old) bearded seal «» yavru (? bir yaşında) sakallı fok amirkaq [lit. “raw material for a pelt”] Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Georgette 1998) maklacuar Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Georgette 1998) bearded seal pup, baby bearded seal , bearded seal in its first year «» [yenidoğan] sakallı fok yavrusu maklaaq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1993), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1998), Yukon {Emmonak}, HBC {Hooper Bay} (Coffing 1998)
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 5
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names maklagaq maklaar seal on ice-floe «» yüzer buz parçası üzerindeki fok ugtaq surfaced seal, seal on water surface «» su yüzeyindeki fok puga
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Phoca vitulina harbor seal, common seal «» liman foku issuriq (sg) issurik (dual) issurit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988, Wolfe 1993, Fall 1997), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) nayimgalnguq [lit. “one resembling a nayiq”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1993) male harbor seal «» erkek liman foku angucaluq (Fall 1997) female harbor seal «» dişi liman foku arnacaluq (Fall 1997) adolescent (two-year-old) harbor seal «» genç (ergin, iki yaşında) liman foku useqnak Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1993, Fall 1997) one-year-old harbor seal «» bir yaşında liman foku issuriyaagaq issuriyagaq bearded seal pup, baby bearded seal «» [yenidoğan] sakallı fok yavrusu qallacikiyak [lit. “one with umbilicus”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1993, Fall 1997)
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 6
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Phoca largha spotted seal «» benekli fok issuriq (sg) issurik (dual) issurit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Wolfe 1993, Fall 1997), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 1998, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Emmonak} (Coffing 1998), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Coffing 1998), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Georgette 1998) nayimgalnguq [lit. “one resembling a nayiq”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1993) adolescent (two-year-old) spotted seal «» genç (ergin, iki yaşında) benekli fok useqnak Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1993, Fall 1997) one-year-old spotted seal «» bir yaşında benekli fok issuriyaagaq issuriyagaq spotted seal pup, baby spotted seal «» [yenidoğan] benekli fok yavrusu ul'utvak [lit. “white coat”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1993, Fall 1997)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Histriophoca fasciata, Phoca fasciata ribbon seal «» qasruliq Kuskokwim { Kwinhagak, Akiachak} (Coffing 1998, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Emmonak} (Coffing 1998), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Coffing 1998) qasrulek (sg) qasrulget (pl) qasguneq Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pusa hispida, Phoca hispida ringed seal, hair seal, winter seal, regular seal «» nayiq (sg) nayiit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Wolfe 1993), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 1998, Coffing 2001 [as nayik]), Yukon {Emmonak} (Coffing 1998), HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Coffing 1998), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Georgette 1998) male ringed seal (locally: gasoline seal); ringed seals with rotten faces «» tegak (sg) tegiit (pl) Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Coffing 1998), Yukon {Emmonak} (Coffing 1998), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Coffing 1998)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Eumetopias jubatus Steller's sea lion (locally: sea lion) «» deniz aslanı uginaq (sg) uginat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1998, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Emmonak} (Coffing 1998), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Coffing 1998), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Georgette 1998)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 7
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ terrestrial mammals, land mammals «» kara memelileri nunarmiutaq (sg) nunarmiutaat (pl) nunamiutaq Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ game animals (black bear, moose) «» pitarkat (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ furbearers (beaver, otter, muskrat, mink, red fox…) «» kürklük av hayvanı melqulget (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬
A mammoth tusk with carvings of scenes on the Yukon River, 19th century, Eskimo, Yukon, Alaska. On display at the De Young Museum in San Francisco. 34430 (< Wikipedia)
Mammuthus primigenius woolly mammoth, tundra mammoth «» tüylü mamut “kәliɣvak” Krougly-Enke (2008)
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 8
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rangifer tarandus granti caribou, wild caribou «» yabani rengeyiği tuntu (sg) tuntuk (dual) tuntut (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Stony River} (Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991) tuntuq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) tuntupik(sg) tuntupiik (dual) tuntupiit (pl) [lit. “real caribou”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) tuntupiaq (sg) tuntupiak (dual) tuntupiat (pl) [lit. “real caribou”] Kuskokwim { Kasigluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 2001, Akula1)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rangifer tarandus tarandus reindeer, semidomestic caribou «» evcil rengeyiği qusngiq (sg) qusngik (dual) qusngit (pl) (< Çukçice / Chukchee ӄораӈы / qorange) Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Stony River} (Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991) quyngiq
§ a lot of the old bible translations use qusngiq for sheep
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Alces alces gigas moose (subspecies: ALaska moose) «» sığın tuntuvak (sg) tuntuviik (dual) tuntuviit (pl) [lit. “big caribou”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ovibos moschatus muskox «» misk sığırı maankaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Miller 2006, Akula1)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Capra (?) big goat «» büyük keçi qusngirngalngurpak
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ursus arctos horribilis brown bear , grizzly bear «» boz ayı taqukaq (sg) taqukaat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988),
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 9
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Kasigluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1) ungungssiq [lit. “animal”] Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) carayak (sg) carayiit (pl) [lit. “terrible fearsome thing”] Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) pitarkall'er
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ursus americanus black bear«» Amerika kara ayısı tan'gerliq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim { Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Kari 1985, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) tan'gerrliq pitarkall'er
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ursus maritimus Polar bear«» Kutup ayısı nanuaq Y, HBC, NS arlunaq
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Canis lupus gray wolf (locally: wolf) «» kurt, boz kurt kegluneq (sg) keglunerek (dual) kegluneret (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Canis lupus familiaris dog «» köpek, it qimugta (sg) qimugtek (dual) qimugtet (pl) [lit. “puller”] puppy «» it eniği, köpek yavrusu qimugkauyar ~ qimugkauyaraq (sg) kimugkauyaraat (pl) kuk'uq big dog «» büyük köpek qimugterpak ~ qimulvak dear little / small dog «» qimugteyagaq
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 10
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Canis latrans coyote «» kır kurdu, koyot kayu Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Vulpes vulpes red fox (locally: fox) «» kızıl tilki kaviaq (sg) kaviak (dual) kaviat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) baby fox «» tilki yavrusu kaviayaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Vulpes lagopus, Alopex lagopus arctic fox, white fox, polar fox, snow fox «» kutup tilkisi uliiq (sg) uliirek (dual) uliiret (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1) blue fox«» mavi tilki “әʁnәχtuʁ(aq)” Lake Ilimna, BB (Krougly-Enke 2008)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lynx canadensis Canada lynx (locally: lynx) «» Kanada vaşağı tertuli Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) tertuleq Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Enhydra lutris sea otter «» deniz samuru arrnaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lontra canadensis, Lutra canadensis North American river otter, river otter (locally: land otter) «» Kuzey Amerika su samuru cuignilnguq (sg) cuignilnguut (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 11
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names
1991) “piχtuqciʁaq” Egegik, NS (Krougly-Enke 2008)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Mustela vison American mink (locally: mink) «» Amerika vizonu imarmiutaq (sg) imarmiutaat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Mustela erminea stoat, short-tailed weasel (locally: weasel) «» kakım narullgiq Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 2001) § but, John Phillip, Sr.: Squirrel-am tua-w’ wani melqurra summertime. Squirrel, qanganameng pituaput. Wangkuta-wa squirrel-ayagat kavirlitimkut narullginek pituaput. (Looks like summertime squirrel fur. Squirrel, we call them qanganaq. We call the small red squirrels narullgiq.) teriaaq Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) teriayaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1 [as ermine]) narullgiq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1 [as weasel])
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Martes americana American marten (locally or simply: marten) «» Amerika sansarı qavcicuaq [lit. “little wolverine”] Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Kasigluk, Akiachak, Stony River} (Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) qavcicuar [lit. “little wolverine”] Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gulo gulo luscus wolverine «» Kutup porsuğu terikaniaq (sg) terikaniak (dual) terikaniat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) terikaniar Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1) qavcik Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ondatra zibethicus muskrat «» misk sıçanı kanaqlak (sg) kanaqliik (dual) kanaqliit (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Kasigluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991)
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 12
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names tevyuli Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001) tevyuliq (Miller 2006) iligvak Kuskokwim {Kwethluk} (Coffing 1991)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ baby muskrat «» yavru misk sıçanı curacituyaaq (sg) curacituyagaat (pl) Yukon kanaqlayagaq
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Microtus miurus & Clethrionomys rutilus singing vole & northern red-backed vole avelngaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1 [as mouse]) avcellngaq Yukon uugnar ugnaraq (sg) ugnarat (pl)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Dicrostonyx groenlandicus, Dicrostonyx kilangmiutak northern collared lemming (simply: lemming) «» Kuzey yakalı lemingi qilagmiutaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1 [as lemming]) puveltuq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1 [as lemming])
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Castor canadensis North American Beaver (locally or simply: beaver) «» Kuzey Amerika kunduzu paluqtaq (sg) paluqtak (dual) paluqtat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) kep’iyuli parents or adults / biggest beaver «» yetişkin kunduz ucingluq (sg) (Robertnick) ucinglluk (dual) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1) smaler or younger beaver «» genç kunduz ucinglluaraak Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1) second-year beaver, middle stage between ucinglluaraak and aqsatuyaaq «» bebeklikten çıkmış ama daha genç olmamış iki yaşında kunduz nukaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1); (Robertnick) baby beaver «» bebek kunduz aqsatuyaq (Robertnick) aqsatuyaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1)
www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 13
Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names beaver house «» kunduz yuvası engelu (Robertnick)
▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Erethizon dorsatum North American porcupine (locally or simply: porcupine) «» Kuzey Amerika oklukirpisi issaluuq (sg) issaluut (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Stony River} issaaluuq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1) issaluq Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) nuuniq [ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Tamiasciurus hudsonicus American red squirrel, red squirrel (locally: tree squirrel) «» Kuzey Amerika kızıl sincabı qiguiq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Spermophilus parryii, Urocitellus parryii arctic ground squirrel (locally: parky squirrel, parka squirrel, squirrel) «» Kutup gelengisi qanganaq (sg) qanganat (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1) cikik Norton Sound [cf. İnyupikçe / Iñupiaq siksrik] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Marmota caligata hoary marmot (locally: marmot) «» cikigpak (sg) cikigpiit (pl) [lit. “big grouns squirrel”] Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001) vv'uiq Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lepus othus tundra hare, arctic hare (but true arctic hare is L. arcticus and it's not live in Alaska) (locally: hare, jackrabbit or jack rabbit) «» tundra tavşanı qayuqeggliq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984 [as qayuqueggliq], Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1) qayukeggliq (sg) qayukegglit (pl) [lit. “one with good broth”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 14 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lepus americanus snowshoe hare, snowshoe rabbit (locally: rabbit)«» nullutuuyak Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991) maqaruaq (sg) maqaruak (dual) maqaruat (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983 [as maqarnaq], Kari 1985, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula1), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ciriiq Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Myotis lucifugus little brown bat (locally. bat) «» küçük kahverengi yarasa ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sorex cinereus & Sorex monticolus cinereus shrew or masked shrew, common shrew & dusky shrew angyayagaq [lit. “small boat”] Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula1) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Aves (birds «» kuşlar) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 15 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ bird «» kuş tengmiaq (sg) tengmiak (dual) tengmiat (pl) [< tenge- ‘to fly’ + -miaq] (also “goose”) yaqulek (sg) yaqulgek (dual) yaqulget (pl) [lit. “one with a wing”] (also “duck”) Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007 [as yaqulrit]), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk} (Akula5, Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ small bird «» ufak kuş, kuşcağız, kuşçuk yaqulecuar (sg) yaqulecuaraat (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ little bird « küçük kuş yaquliyagaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ real birds «» gerçek kuşlar yaqulepiit (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ nestling, baby bird «» kuş yavrusu piyagaq (sg) piyagaat (pl) (also “duckling”) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ recently born infant/bird «» anqiitayagaq anqiiyaaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ molting birds«» tüy döken kuşlar ingtat (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ egg, bird's egg «» yumurta kayanguq (sg) kayanguk (dual) kayangut (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) kayangu manik peksuq peksu Kuskokwim {Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983) peksuut (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ duck eggs «» ördek yumurtası uqsuqinraat (pl) Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) uqsuqinraq kayanguq Kuskokwim uuteki’inraq peksuq Yukon ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ geese eggs «» kaz yumurtası lagilinraat (pl) Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 16 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ emperor goose eggs «» nacaullinrat (pl) HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ swan eggs «» kuğu yumurtası qugyinraat (pl) Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ [sea]gull eggs «» martı yumurtası naruyinraat (pl) Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ tern eggs «» sumru yumurtası nacallngaq (sg) HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ wing «» kanat yaquq (sg) caquq (sg) HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ feather «» tüy melquq (sg) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ feather quill, quill of feather «» telek tüyü culuk (sg) culuut (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ beak, bill «» gaga cugg’eq (sg) cugg’ek (dual) cugg’et (pl) (also “lip”) sugg’eq (sg) sugg’ek (dual) sugg’et (pl) (also “lip”) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ to pluck «» eritar- meqtar- ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 17 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anatinae & Aythyinae spp. duck «» ördek yaqulek (sg) yaqulgek (dual) yaqulget (pl) [lit. “one with a wing”] (also “bird”) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983 [as yagulek], Kari 1985, Coffing 1991 [as yagulet]) uqulkatak Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) tengmiaraat (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anas platyrhynchos mallard, malard duck, wild duck «» yaban ördeği uqulkatagpak (sg) uqulkatagpiik (dual) uqulkatagpiit (pl) [lit. “big pintail”] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) ukulkatagpak Yukon (AnknBirds) uqulkatarpak Bristol Bay (Wbd) uqsuqerpak [lit. “big pintail”] Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Akiachak} (Akula5, AnknBirds, Coffing 2001, Wbd [as uqusuqerpak]) uqsuqerrpak Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) uqsurtaq Norton Sound (AnknBirds) yuukarpak [lit. “big pintail”] HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) lyukarpak Norton Sound (AnknBirds) uutkaarpak [lit. “big pintail”] Yukon (Wbd) eretaarpak Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Wbd, Andrews 1989) curcurliq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anas acuta pintail, pintail duck, northern pintail, pointed duck «» kılkuyruk uqulkatak Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) uqulkataq Bristol Bay (Wbd) uqulegaq [lit. “one having oil or fat”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds), Bristol Bay (Wbd) uqsuqaq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Akula2, Akula5, AnknBirds, Wbd, Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) yuukaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds, Fienup-Riordan 1999) uutkaaq [< Rusça /Russian утка ‘ördek / duck’] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds, Wbd) aut’raaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anas carolinensis, Anas crecca carolinensis green-winged teal, pocket duck (locally Brevig Mission, Paige 1996) «» çamurcun tengesqaar Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Wbd, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 18 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Wbd, Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001, Akula2), Yukon (Wbd, Pete 1991), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) tengesqaaraq Yukon, Kuskokwim, Bristol Bay (Wbd) tengesqaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula5) kemeksungaraq Yukon (Wbd) kemek’ungiaraq Yukon (Wbd) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anas clypeata northern shoveler «» kaşıkgaga curcurpak [lit. “big cuq cuq”] Kuskokwim { Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001), Yukon (AnknBirds) curcurpet Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) sugg’erpak [lit. “big beak/lip”] Kuskokwim, Coast (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anas americana, Mareca americana American wigeon (locally: wigeon or widgeon) «» fiyu, Amerika fiyusu qatkeggliq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001 [as qatkehhliq]) qaqliq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anas strepera gadwall «» boz ördek essurpalek Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Aythya marila greater scaup (locally or simply: scaup) «» karabaş patka kep’alek (sg) kep’algek (dual) kep’alget (pl) Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim { Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) kepalek Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Aythya affinis lesser scaup «» kep’alek Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Somateria mollissima common eider «» pufla ördeği metraq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Wbd, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Wbd, Coffing 2001), Yukon (Wbd) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 19 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names metraq (♀)Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) qauqe (♂)Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) nayangaryaq (sg) (♀) (AnknBirds) aangikvak [lit. “big two-eyed spirit of the dead”] HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds), Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Somateria spectabilis king eider «» qengallek [lit. “one/thing with nose”] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Wbd, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Wbd, Akiachak} (Wbd, Coffing 2001), Yukon (Wbd); (AnknBirds) qengalek HBC (Wbd) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Somateria fischeri spectacled eider «» quagaq Kuskokwim { Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) qaugeq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Polysticta stelleri Steller's eider «» caqiar ~ caqiaraq Kuskokwim { Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) anarnissagaat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Histrionicus histrionicus harlequin duck «» cetuskar Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) cetuskaraq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Melanitta americana, Melanitta nigra americana black scoter, American scoter «» Amerika kara ördeği tungunqeggliq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) kukumyar Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) kukumyar(aq) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) kukumyeq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Melanitta deglandi, Melanitta fusca deglandi white-winged scoter «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 20 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names akacakayak Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) tungunqeggliq kukumyeq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Melanitta perspicillata surf scoter «» akacakayak Kuskokwim { Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (C Andrews 1989, offing 2001) cenayaq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Clangula hyemalis long-tailed duck, oldsquaw «» telkuyruk aarraangiiq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) aarraangiiraq (sg) aarraangiirat (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) arraangiiq Yukon & Kuskokwim (Wbd) aliaaliq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) § contamination of Yup’ik allgiar + Iñupiaq aahaaliq (~ ahaaliq ~ aaqhaalliq). allgiar Bristol Bay (Wbd), Kuskokwim Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2, Wbd [as alljiar]) allgiar(aq) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Bucephala clangula common goldeneye, goldeneye «» altıngöz anarnissakaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) , Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) anarnissagaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) anarniilnguq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Bucephala albeola bufflehead «» puqtaqutayagaq (AnknBirds) pugtaqutaygaq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Mergus serrator red-breasted merganser «» tarakdiş payiq (sg) payit (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Kuskokwim { Kasigluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 2001, Akula2), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996 [common merganser as payit, but red- breasted merganser as payiq); (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Mergus merganser common merganser «» büyük tarakdiş payirpak [lit. “big merganser”] Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2, AnknBirds) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 21 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names payirpaq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) payiq (sg) payit (pl) Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996 [common merganser as payit, but red- breasted merganser as payiq) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anserinae spp. goose, geese «» kaz neqleq (sg) neqllerek (dual) neqlleret (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim { Kwinhagak, Stony River} (Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Andrews 1989), lagiq (sg) lagik (dual) lagit (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Coffing 1991, Akula5) ‘lagiq ‘lak’lakaaq tengmiaq (Marshall) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Anser albifrons white-fronted goose, greater white-fronted goose, specklebelly, freckle breast (locally Elim, Paige 1996), yellow-foot (locally Elim, Paige 1966) «» sakarca neqlepik [lit. “real goose”] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Wbd [as neqelpik], Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991); (AnknBirds) lagilugpiaq Kuskokwim (Wbd) ‘lagilugpiaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) neqleq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Wbd, Andrews 1989), Yukon (Wbd), HBC (Wbd); (AnknBirds), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) leqleq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001), Yukon (Wbd); (AnknBirds) ‘leqleq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Chen caerulescens, Anser caerulescens snow goose (subspecies: lesser snow goose) «» kar kazı kanguq (sg) kanguk (dual) kangut (pl) Bristol Bay (Wbd), Kuskokwim { Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Wbd, Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001), Yukon (Wbd), HBC (Wbd) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 22 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Chen canagica, Philacte canagica, Anser canagicus emperor goose «» nacaullek (sg) nacaullgek (dual) nacaullget (pl) [lit. “one having a parka hood”] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim { Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996); (AnknBirds), HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Branta bernicla nigricans black brant, Pacific black brant, Pacific brant «» yosun kazı neqlernaq (sg) neqlernat (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim { Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Wbd, Andrews 1989, Fienup-Riordan 1999, Coffing 2001), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) leqlernaq (sg) leqlernat (pl) Yukon (Wbd, ) Fienup-Riordan 1999 ‘leqlernaq laqeciagaq Bristol Bay (Wbd) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Branta canadensis Canada goose (American Ornithologists' Union), Canadian goose, big Canada goose (in America), greater Canada goose (in Britain), lesser Canada goose (in America for subspecies: Branta canadensis parvipes) «» Kanada kazı tuutangayagpaq [lit. “big tuutangayak”] Yukon tuutangayak Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996 [as lesser snow goose]; tabloda hemen üstündeki “Lesser Cackling Goose” basamağına yazılması gereken “tuutangayak” kelimesi yanlışlıkla hemen altındaki “Lesser Snow Goose” basamağına yazılan bir baskı hatası muhtemelen, zira aynı kelime “Cackling Canada Goose” için de kullanılmaktadır tabloda) lagilugpiaq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007) angilukviit (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) neqlernaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) lagirpak lagiq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Branta hutchinsii cackling goose (American Ornithologists' Union), cackling Canada goose, cackler (locally), little Canada goose (in America), small Canada goose (in America), lesser Canada goose (in Britain) «» lakcakcar Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ‘lakcakcar Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) lakcakar lagiq ‘lagiq tutangayak Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) tuutangayak Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 23 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names tuutangayayagaq [lit. “little tuutangayak”] tuutaalquciq Norton Sound {Kotlik} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Cygnus columbianus, Olor columbianus [subspecies: C. c. columbianus] tundra swan, whistling swan (locally: swan) «» tundra kuğusu, kuğu qugyuk (sg) qugyuut Bristol Bay (Wbd), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Wbd, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula2, Akula5), Yukon {Wbd), HBC (Wbd); (AnknBirds) qugsuk Norton Sound {Kotlik} (Wbd) qugyak Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) qerratalria Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Grus canadensis sandhill crane (locally: crane) «» Kanada turnası qucillgaq (sg) qucillgaak (dual) qucillgaat (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Wbd, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Wbd, Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001, Akula2, Akula5), HBC (Wbd) qucillagaq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) qucillngaq qucilkuryuk tacellgaq Norton Sound qut’raaq Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Coffing 1991), Yukon (AnknBirds, Wbd) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lagopus lagopus [subspecies: L. l. alascensis] willow ptarmigan, Alaskan willow ptarmigan «» bayağı kar kekliği qangqiiq (sg) qangqiiret (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Nrwtuacp 2007 [as kangqiiq]), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Akula2, Akula5), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) qangiig [sic] (Schichnes 1991, Seitz 1996) aqesgiq (sg) aqesgit (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Stony River} (Kari 1985), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991); (AnknBirds) aqessgiq aqasiigiq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) small ptarmigan «» ufak kar kekliği qangqiiyaaq www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 24 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lagopus muta rock ptarmigan, mountain ptarmigan (locally White Mountain, Paige 1996) «» dağ kar kekliği, kar tavuğu elciayuli [lit. “the one who is really good at belching or burping / one who is really good at making a burping (drumming) sound” (AnknBirds)] Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983 [as ellciayuli], Wolfe 1984); (AnknBirds) elciayagaq [lit. “the dear little (or baby) burper” (AnknBirds)] elciayaat (pl) Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) aqasiigiq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Bonasa umbellus ruffed grouse (locally: willow grouse Kari 1985) «» egelruciayuli [lit. “one who is really good at moving fast” (AnknBirds)] (AnknBirds) elciayuli [lit. “the one who is really good at belching or burping / one who is really good at making a burping (drumming) sound” (AnknBirds)] (AnknBirds) ellciiyak Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) temtemtaaq Kuskokwim {Stony River} (Kari 1985) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Falcipennis canadensis, Canachites canadensis, Dendragapus canadensis spruce grouse (locally: spruce chicken Kari 1985) «» egtuk Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984 [as egtuq], Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991); (AnknBirds) egtuuk (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Meleagris ocellata (subsp. gallopavo → domestica) turkey «» hindi aqeygirpak (sg) aqeygirpiik (dual) aqeygirpiit (pl) [lit. “big ptarmigan” ] (neologism) HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Podiceps auritus horned grebe «» kulaklı batağan tusairnaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Podiceps grisegena red-necked grebe «» kızılboyunlu batağan qaleqcuuk Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) qalekcuuk Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 25 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names aayuli aarayuli ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gavia immer common loon or great northern loon (America), great northern diver (Britain) «» buz dalgıcı tuullek (sg) tuulget (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 2001, Akula2), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996); (AnknBirds) urr’urruayulit (pl) yaqulegpiit (pl) [lit. “big bird”] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gavia adamsii yellow-billed loon (America), white-billed diver (Britain) «» sarı gagalı dalgıç tuullegpak [lit. “big tuullek/loon”] Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) tuullek Kuskokwim { Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989, Akula2) tuullik Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gavia stellata red-throated loon (America), red-throated diver (Britain) «» kızılgerdanlı dalgıç qaqataq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001, Akula2); (AnknBirds) qaqatak Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) qaqaq (AnknBirds) qucuuniq (AnknBirds) qucuniq HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gavia pacifica (formerly in G. arctica) Pacific loon (America), Pacific diver (Britain) «» Pasifik dalgıcı tunutellek (sg) tunutellgek (dual) tunutellget (pl) [lit. “the one that has the (occipital) bump in the back of its head”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) tunucellek HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) tunucillek HBC {Chevak} yaqulekpak [lit. “big bird”] (other parts of the Delta) (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gavia arctica arctic loon or black-throated loon (America), black-throated diver (Britain) «» karagerdanlı dalgıç tunutellek Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001, Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Uria aalge common murre, common guillemot, thin-billed murre «» alpaq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 26 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names alpak Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Uria lomvia thick-billed murre, Brünnich's guillemot «» alpaq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Fratercula corniculata horned puffin «» qengacuar(aq) [lit. “big nose”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) qilangaq Yukon (AnknBirds) qilangk Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996 [as qilangk]) qategarpak ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Brachyramphus brevirostris Kittlitz's murrelet «» ciguraq (sg) ciguraat (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Laridae & Sternidae gulls and terns «» martılar ve sumrular lavqaq HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Laridae gull, seagull «» martı naruyaq (sg) naruyat (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) small gull «» ufak martı, martıcık naruyacuaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Larus canus mew gull, short-billed gull, common gull, sea gull «» küçük gümüş martı naruyaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2, AnknBirds), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) arliaq Yukon, Kuskokwim (AnknBirds) egiaq Bristol Bay (AnknBirds) nacallngaraq HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Larus hyperboreus glaucous gull «» Kutup martısı www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 27 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names narusvak Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2), Yukon, Bristol Bay (AnknBirds, Wbd) narusuak Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) naruyarpak [lit. “big gull”] Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) naruyaarpak naruyaq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) qukisvak [lit. “big loud-mouthed bird or gull”] (AnknBirds) kukisvak Yukon (AnknBirds, Wbd) kukusvak (AnknBirds) qecervak Kuskokwim, Bristol Bay (Wbd) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Xema sabini Sabine's gull «» nacallngar nacaullngar [lit. “black spot on head”] Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2 as non-scientific name) naruyaq Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rissa tridactyla black-legged kittiwake «» naruyacuaqneraq HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sterna paradisaea arctic tern «» Kuzey sumrusu teqiyaar Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Akiachak}(Coffing 2001, Akula2) , Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) teqiyaaraq HBC {Chevak} teqirayuli (AnknBirds) nacallngaaraq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Stercorarius longicaudus long-tailed jaeger, long-tailed skua «» uzunkuyruklu korsanmartı melugyuli [lit. “one who sucks (birds eggs)”] (AnknBirds) cungarrlutaq [lit. “good old shrimplike, hawk-like bird”] (AnknBirds) cungarrlugaq HBC {Chevak} ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Stercorarius parasiticus parasitic jaeger, parasitic skua, arctic skua «» Kutup korsanmartısı yungaq Yukon {cammon Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pluvialis dominica American golden plover, golden plover «» Amerika altın yağmurcunu www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 28 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names tuusiik Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2, AnknBirds) tusiik Yukon, Kuskokwim, Bristol Bay (Wbd) tuuyik (AnknBirds) tuuyiik Yukon, Kuskokwim, Bristol Bay (Wbd) tuliigaq (AnknBirds) tevatevaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) qiuracitak Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) ciilmak HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Arenaria interpres ruddy turnstone «» taşçeviren uyarr’uyaq (AnknBirds) uyarruyuaq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Calidris alpina dunlin «» karakarınlı kumkuşu ceremraq (AnknBirds) cenairpak [lit. “big sandpiper”] curumrat HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Calidris mauri, Erolia mauri western sandpiper «» iisuraar(aq) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) iiyuraar(aq) HBC {Chevak} iisuayaar cenair(aq) [lit. “bird that lives (and eats) along the shore”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Tringa solitaria solitary sandpiper «» iisuruayaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) iisuayaaq iisuayaar iiyuraaraq HBC {Chevak} iiyuaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Limosa lapponica bar-tailed godwit (locally: godwit) «» kıyı çamur çulluğu kayaruaq Yukon & Kuskokwim (Wbd) tevateguaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) tevatevaaq HBC (Wbd) teguteguaq HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AnknBirds) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 29 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gallinago gallinago common snipe «» suçulluğu kukukuaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2, AnknBirds) tukutukuaraller ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Numenius phaeopus hudsonicus whimbrel, Hudsonian curlew «» sürmeli kervançulluğu pipipiaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) kikikiaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Phalaropus lobatus red-necked phalarope, northern phalarope, hyperborean phalarope «» deniz düdükçünü imaqcaar Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) imaqcaaraq (sg) imaqcaarat (pl) imaqcaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) teleqcaaraat (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Phalaropus fulicarius red phalarope (in America), grey phalarope (in Britain) «» kızıl deniz düdükçünü augtuaraq (sg) augtuaraat (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Diomedeidae albatros «» albatros arliaq (sg) (< Aleutça / Aleut, Unangan ) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Picoides dorsalis & Picoides pubescens & Picoides villosus American three-toed & downy & hairy woodpecker «» ağaçkakan puugtuyuli [lit. “the one who is good at diving through the air and banging its head against something”] (AnknBirds) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 30 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pandion haliaetus osprey, fish hawk «» balık kartalı angllurayuli (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Aquila chrysaetos canadensis golden eagle «» kaya kartalı yaqulpak (sg) yaqulpiit (pl) [lit. “big bird”] (AnknBirds) tengmiarpak (sg) tengmiarpiit (pl) [lit. “big bird”] (AnknBirds) tengmiarrluk (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Haliaeetus leucocephalus washingtoniensis, H. l. alascanus bald eagle «» akbaşlı denizkartalı, Amerikan kartalı yaqulpak (sg) yaqulpiit (pl) [lit. “big bird”] Yukon & Kuskokwim (AnknBirds) yaqulvak (sg) (AnknBirds) tengmiarpak (sg) tengmiarpiit (pl) [lit. “big bird”] Yukon & Kuskokwim (AnknBirds) metervik Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name giant eagle, thunderbird (a supernatural being) «» tengmiarpiit (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Buteo lagopus sanctijohannis rough-legged hawk (in America), rough-legged buzzrard (in Britain) «» paçalı sar qiirayuli Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds), HBC (AnknBirds) kenriiq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2 [as hawk]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Circus cyaneus hudsonius northern harrier «» qaku’urtaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 31 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Accipiter gentilis atricapillus nrthern goshawk, goshawk «» çakır qaku’urtaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) eskaviaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2, AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Accipiter striatus sharp-shinned hawk «» eskaviaq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Falco columbarius suckleyi merlin, pigeon hawk «» bozdoğan qiirayuli [lit. “the one who is expert at making a squalling call / the one who calls qee qee qee qee”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Falco peregrinus peregrine falcon «» laçın, şahin qiirayuli [lit. “the one who is expert at making a squalling call / the one who calls qee qee qee qee”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Falco rusticolus gyrfalcon «» sungur eskaviaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) cekaviaq Scammon Bay and along the Yukon River (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Bubo virginianus www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 32 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names great-horned owl «» Amerika puhusu iggiayuli [lit. “one who is good at eyeballing”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Bubo scandiacus, Nyctea scandiaca snowy owl «» kar baykuşu anipaq (sg) anipat (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2), Norton Sound {Stebbins} (Paige 1996) anipa(q) HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Asio flammeus short-eared owl «» kır baykuşu kenriiq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) keneqpataq (AnknBirds) aniiparsugaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Surnia ulula northern hawk-owl «» mengqucivak Yukon (AnknBirds) qaku’urtaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Aegolius funereus boreal owl «» paçalı baykuş takvialnguaraq [lit. “one with poor eyesight”] (AnknBirds) qaku’urtaruaq (AnknBirds) qaku’urtayaraq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Strix nebulosa great grey owl «» tukutukuar(aq) (AnknBirds) takvialnguaraq (AnknBirds) atkulirraq (AnknBirds) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 33 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Corvus corax principalis common raven, raven «» kuzgun tulukaruq (sg) tulukaruut (pl) (AnknBirds) tulukaruk Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) tengmialleraq [lit. “shabby old bird”] (AnknBirds) tengmialler qer’qaalleraq [lit. “shabby old croaker”] (AnknBirds) ernerculria (AnknBirds) neqaiq [lit. “fish (food)-stealer”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Corvus caurinus northwestern crow «» tulukaruq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Perisoreus canadensis gray jay, whiskey jack «» kisirallerr (AnknBirds) qupanuar(aq) (AnknBirds) neqaiq [lit. “fish (food)-stealer”] (AnknBirds) nunaniryuk (AnknBirds) keggapatayuk (AnknBirds) tapaktayaq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pica hudsonia black-billed magpie (locally: magpie) «» saksağan qalqerayak ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Megaceryle alcyon www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 34 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names belted kingfisher «» yalıçapkını neqaiq [lit. “fish (food)-stealer”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lanius excubitor great grey shrike, northern grey shrike, northern shrike «» örümcekkuşu kanguruaq [lit. “frosty-looking bird”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Cinclus mexicanus American dipper «» Amerika su karatavuğu puyuqumaar(aq) [lit. “the little bird that looks like smoke ”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Dendroica petechia yellow warbler «» ciivcivciuk (AnknBirds) cungakcuarnaq [lit. “bile colored (greenish-yellow) little thing”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Dendroica striata blackpoll warbler «» kuikaman’ayaaq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Setophaga coronata, Dendroica coronata yellow-rumped warbler «» ussukaascengiiraq (?) [lit. “one having a little nail-like beak”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Euphagus carolinus rusty blackbird «» cukcugli [lit. “the one that goes chuck ... chuck”] (AnknBirds) cuqcurliq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Tachycineta bicolor tree swallow «» ağaç kırlangıcı equgmelnguq [lit. “carries a beetle on its shoulder”] (AnknBirds) qugmelnguq (AnknBirds) qungmelnguyaaq (AnknBirds) kauturyaraq [lit. “one that nests in a small cavity”] (AnknBirds) kauturyar Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ekviqtaar (Marshall) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 35 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Petrochelidon pyrrhonota cliff swallow «» engelulluiraat (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2 [as mud swallow]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sitta canadensis red-breasted nuthatch «» sıvacıkuşu qaneksuartuli [lit. “the one that murmurs or mumbles”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Troglodytes hiemalis winter wren «» eviuq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Poecile atricapillus black-capped chickadee «» cikepiipiiq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Poecile cinctus gray-headed chickadee, Siberian tit «» cekepipipiiq (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Poecile hudsonicus boreal chickadee «» cekepipipiiq (AnknBirds) cekpiipiiq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2 [as chickadee]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ixoreus naevius varied thrush «» ciitaarayuli ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Turdus migratorius American robin «» elagayuli [lit. “the one who's really good at digging”] (Scammon Bay-Hooper Bay area) (AnknBirds) curcurliq (AnknBirds) aaqcurliq (AnknBirds) pitegcurliq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2, AnknBirds) yugiyugiq Norton Sound www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 36 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Catharus minimus gray-cheeked thrush «» 'viuq (Miyaoka 1978 Yupik Eskimo Orthography) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Catharus guttatus hermit thrush «» ciitaarayuli [lit. “the one who is good at making the sound "ciitaar"”] (AnknBirds) elagayuli [lit. “the one who's really good at digging”] (AnknBirds) ’laagayuli Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2 [as wood thrush]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Passerella iliaca fox sparrow «» elagayuli [lit. “the one who's really good at digging”] (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Passerculus sandwichensis savannah sparrow «» sulissuliq sulissuliar sulissuliyaar sulissuliyagaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Calcarius lapponicus Lapland longspur, Lapland bunting «» mararmiutaq [lit. “lowland tundra dweller”] (Yukon Delta region) (AnknBirds) nacaukuparaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) tekciuk Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Plectrophenax nivalis snow bunting, snowbird (locally) «» uksullaraq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) uksurtaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) uksurtar Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) kanguruaq [lit. “imitation snow goose”] (Hooper Bay & Marshall) (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Carduelis flammea www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 37 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names common redpoll «» uqviicaraq (AnknBirds) uqviicar (AnknBirds) uqviicaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) puyiir(aq) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (AnknBirds) puyiitaar(aq) HBC {Hooper Bay} (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pinicola enucleator pine grosbeak «» puyiiraq (Emmonak, and all along the Yukon River) (AnknBirds) puyiiq (Emmonak, and all along the Yukon River) (AnknBirds) ayugiugiq Bristol Bay (AnknBirds) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ haymatlos / stateless ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ cet’aar vesper (a small migratory bird) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ cet’lugpiaq a small migratory bird Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ cungaliyagaq yellow bird (a small migratory bird) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ucukatellngiiq a small migratory bird Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ pec’aqaq yellow-breasted .....? (a small migratory birds) (? yellow-breasted bunting, Emberiza aureola) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula2) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ telleqcaraq small swimming bird ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ tengmilqurraq small bird ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ cetaaq little bird ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pisces (fish «» balıklar) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 38 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fish «» balık neqa (sg) neqek (dual) neqet (pl) (also “salmon” or “food”) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989, Akula5) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ little fish «» küçük balık neqyaaq (sg) neqyagaat (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ freshwater fish «» tatlısu balığı nunvarmiutat neqet Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988 [as nunvarmiutat neyet]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fish egg, roe «» baluk yumurtası meluk (sg) meluut (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ spawn (white milt) «» balık sütü (erkek balığın spermi) errit (pl) Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ dorsal fin «» sırt yüzgeci culuk culugaq amaqucuk ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fish back or hump «» balık kamburu amaqatak ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ lateral line «» balıklarda yan çizgi qupun ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ gills «» solungaç pacik (dual) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ backbone enqatak ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ air sack «» hava kesesi qatneq www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 39 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ brain «» beyin pateq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ liver «» karaciğer tenguk ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ heart «» kalp, yürek ircaquq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ gall «» safra kesesi, öd cungaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ stomach «» mide aqsaquq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ waste, fish waste, fish feces «» bok anait (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ cooked fish, fresh cooked fish «» pişirilmiş taze balık keniraq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ boiled fish, fresh boiled fish «» haşlanmış taze balık umlikqaq Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 40 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names qallaulluki Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) § Umlikqaq is fresh boiled fish. All parts of the fish except for the entrails are used to prepare umlikqaq. Fresh fish that have been dead for less than a day make the best umlikqaq because the meat is still firm. If a freshwater fish is caught with a hook, it is best to kill the fish by hitting its head soon after capture so the meat will stay firm for cooking. the main ingredients of umlikqaq are cut-up fish, water, and salt which are boiled for about 29 minutes. This is a preferred food for elders because it easy to make and is not strongly seasoned. First heads are good prepared as umlikqaq (Fall 1996). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ baked fish, fresh baked fish, oven fry «» fırında pişirilmiş taze balık salkuuyaq Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) salkuyak Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) uutaq § Salkuuyaq is fresh fish baked whole or filleted after the entrails are removed. The meat of fish baked whole is slit in the middle lengthwise on the other side. Fish are placed in a baking dish, seasoned, oiled, and baked. Younger people seem to prefer this over the plainer boiled fish. It is often eaten with boiled rice (Fall 1996). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fried fish, fresh fried fish «» yağda kızartılmış taze balık assaliq (sg) Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) assaliluku § Assaliq is fresh fried fish. All parts of the fish except the entrails are used to prepare this dish, although often the heads are removed as well. The fish is filleted, dipped in seasoned flour, or just seasoned with salt, and fried in oil. If households enjoy picking and sucking backbones or only a few fish are available, the backbone will be fried along with the filleted pieces. Heads are sometimes fried for the same reasons. Boiled rice is the favorite side dish with this meal. Middle aged and younger pople enjoy this meal for the flavor (Fall 1996). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ roasted (barbecued) fish, cooked over fire «» fırında kızartılmış taze balık maniaq Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) § Roasted (barbecued) fish is called maniaq. All parts of the fish except the entrails are used. over an open fire, a green branch or drift wood is used by inserting the stick in the mouth of the fish, then pushing the stick though the fish along the backbone until the stick emerges at the base of the tail. the stick is then propped up near the open fire to begin roasting. a modern alternative is to wrap the fish in foil and piece it in the camp fire (Fall 1996). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ frozen fish «» dondurulmuş balık kumlaneq Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ aged and frozen fish «» dinlendirilmiş ve dondurulmuş balık tepcuaraq kumlaneq Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) § Fish that is aged and frozen is called tepcuaraq kumlaneq. Fish can be either cleaned of their entrails or left intract, then buried under ground in a pit lined with grass and left for about a week depending on the temperature. ıf the fish are caught in the late fall, they are stored in a wooden or cardboard box until they are aged, and then frozen. Tepcuaraq kumlaneq are eaten with seal oil (Fall 1996). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ stored in freezer «» kumlivirluuki Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ split dried and smoked fish (for salmon) dried fish (for herring) «» yarılarak kurutulup tütsülenmiş balık www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 41 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names neqerrluk Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities, Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996) neqerrluaq (dried smoked fish) § Neqerrluk is split dried and smoked fish. The fish are cleaned by removing the head and entrails. They are then filleted by removing the backbone and leaving the tail attached. backbones are left intact to dry along with the fish. This product is mainly eaten with akutaq or with seal oil (Fall 1996). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ salted, dried, and smoked fish «» tuzlanarak kurutulup tütsülenmiş balık taryiraq neqerrluk Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) § Fish that is salted, dried, and smoked is called taryiraq neqerrluk. This is processed like neqerrluk, except that the fish are put in brine before hung to dry. Brining tends to produce a product that is softer for eating. Neqerrluk is eaten with seal oil, but are preferred to be eaten with akutaq (Fall 1996). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ split and half dried fish, partially dried and boiled fish, half dried fish not smoked «» yarılarak kısmen kurutulmuş balık egamaarrluk [< ega- “to boil” & -maarrluk “food prepared by Ving” ] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Kuskokwim { Kasigluk, Kwethluk} (Coffing 1991, Akula4) egamaarruk Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) egamaaq (half dried and then boiled, eaten with seal oil) § Egamaarruk is split and half dried fish. these are prepared much like neqerrluk, but are not fully dried and may not be smoked. The half dried fish are boiled and eaten with seal oil (Fall 1996). § A second method of smoking and drying kings, egamaarrluk, involved a similar process but the fish were kept as fillets rather than sliced into strips. The fish were also cleaned, brined, pertially dried and then smoked while the filleted sections were still connected by the tail. They were eaten dried or boiled. Either way, seal oil was the preferred condiment. Heads and tails were also sometimes split, dried, smoked and then boiled (Schichnes 1988). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ half dried whole fish «» kısmen kurutulmuş tüm balık tamalkuryaq or kanartaq Bristol Bay {Nushagak and Togiak River Drainage Communities} (Fall 1996) tamalkuryak Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) tamalkuryat (pl) § Tamalkuryaq (or kanartaq) are whole fish that are half dried. The entrails are removed leaving the head intact, although sometimes the head is removed depending upon the processor's preference. The fish are hung whole by using a string or braided grass to pair off two fish per hanging. When half dried, the fish are stored for later use or boiled and eaten with seal oil (Fall 1996). § Tamalkuryak are herring which have been dried whole for egamaarrluk (partially dried fish boiled for eating) (Schichnes 1988) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 42 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ smoked strips of salmon «» tütsülenmiş som balığı dilimleri palak’aaq (< Rusça / Russian балык “smoked strips of salmon” < Türkçe / Turkic b ık/b yq “fish”) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) (cf. other Alaskan native languages: Aleut b k , Sugpiaq/Alutiiq palik ~ palek; Siberian native languages: Koryak палык /palǝk/) § There were several popular methods of drying and smoking king salmon. The preparation of "strips" (palak'aaq) was the most time- consuming, but the most preferred method. The fish were first filleted and cut into thin strips, then soaked in a brine solution and hung to dry. When the strips were well-dried, they were hung in the smokehouse to be smoked by a smoldering fire until the skins turned golden. Damp or green cottonwood was favored for smoking. the cottonwood imparted a distinctive flavor and the damp wood prevented the fire from burning too hot and scorching the fish. Smoking and drying time varied depending on the weather and taste preferences. When finished, the pieces were cut into smaller strips and stored by the bagful in caches or freezers (Schichnes 1988). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ salted fish, salted salmon, salted fish head (and sometimes bellies), salted heads of king salmon «» tuzlama balık (daha çok kafası bazen de gövdesi) sulunaq (< Rusça / Russian солонина ?) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk}(Coffing 1991) suulunaq culunaq HBC {Chevak} § Salting (sulunaq) was another method for preserving king salmon. King heads were favored for this purpose. In fact, on a trip to the cannery, heads were often secured for this purpose. Occasionally, tails were also salted. Either were layered with salt in plastic buckets and left for two to three months. to prepare for eating, they were soaked in clear water for about three days, with the water being changed frequently (Schichnes 1988). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fermented fish head, stinky heads, stink heads of king and silver salmon «» fermente edilerek kokutulan balık kafası (ki gözde Yupik yiyeceğidir) tepa (sg) tepet (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk}(Coffing 1991) tep’a § "Stinky" or fermented fish heads (tepa) were considered a special delicacy. one resident told the researchers, "To the Native it's like candy or bubblegum, sweet and sour, in between the two." the traditional way to prepare tepa was to bury the heads in the ground along with most of the fish guts in a wooden barrel covered with burlap material. the product was allowed to ferment for seven to ten days depending on www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 43 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names weather conditions. most people continued to make "stinky heads" in this summer. However, with the introduction of plastic buckets, the danger of botulism has surfaced and informants stressed the importance of avoiding these types of modern containers since the "old- fashioned" methods allowed oxygen to circulate and prevented the growth of bacteria which causes botulism (Schichnes 1988). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fermented a little frozen «» tepngayaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ dried king and red salmon «» kurutulmuş şah ve kızıl sombalığı ulligtaq Kuskokwim {Kwethluk}(Coffing 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ dried dog salmon «» kurutulmuş köpek sombalığı ulligtapiak Kuskokwim {Kwethluk}(Coffing 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ cut and dried not smoked «» ulliggluku Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ split heads of king salmon «» şah sombalığının yarılmış kafası qamiqerrluk Kuskokwim {Kwethluk}(Coffing 1991) qamiqurllut (dried and smoked Chinook heads from the previous season) Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ dried spawned-out sockeye salmon (usually eaten with seal oil) «» tamaunaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ smoked herring «» tütsülenmiş ringa seggayaat Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fermented «» qassayaaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ raw, aged frozen raw «» qassarluku Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) qassarluki [uksuartat] Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ cut and dried but not smoked «» makengqulluk Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ freeze them a little after boiling them «» qagret Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 44 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ soup «» suupiluku Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ salmon fish «» som balıkları neqpik (sg) neqpiik (dual) neqpiit (pl) [lit. “real fish”] neqpiat (pl) [lit. “real fish”] Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) neqaraq Norton Sound (Drozda 2006) neqet (pl) [lit. “fish” or “food”] Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Chinook salmon, king salmon (in Alaska) «» şah som balığı taryaqvak (sg) taryaqviik (dual) taryaqviit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 45 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007, Simon 2007, Akula5), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991 [as taryaqvaq]) tarsarpak Norton Sound (Drozda 2006) kiagtaq [lit. “summer thing”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) the first group of king salmon running under the smelt «» aciirturtet Yukon {Alakanuk} (Moncrieff 2003); (Jacobson 1984) (also "early run herring") § King- First fish may not be large but then larger fish would come later or this could be reversed. They were named. The first fish were called “aciirturtet”. These are the very first runs that ran under the ice at late break-ups (Moncrieff 2003). old salmon near spawning «» masseq (Jacobson 1984) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Oncorhynchus nerka sockeye salmon, red salmon (in Alaska) «» kızıl som balığı sayak (sg) sayiik (dual) sayiit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007, Simon 2007, Akula5) cayak (Drozda 2006) spawned-out sockeye salmon, spawning sockeye salmon, red fish (in Alaska) «» yumurta döken kızıl som balığı sayalleq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) talayaq (Drozda 2006) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 46 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Oncorhynchus keta chum salmon, dog salmon (in Alaska) «» köpek som balığı iqalluk (sg) iqalluuk (dual) iqalluut (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007 [as igalluk], Simon 2007, Akula5), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) kangitneq (sg) kangitnerek (dual) kangitneret (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984, La Vine 2007) tengmaarrluk Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) aluyak (BB, LI) summer chum «» yaz köpek som balığı ? § Fairbanks Fish & Wildlife Field Office: There are two life history forms of chum salmon in the Yukon River known as summer and fall chums. Fall chums are larger, heavier fish, and tend to be older when they return to spawn. Fall chums also enter the Yukon later and generally spawn farther up the river. Chum salmon can return to spawn at between 3 and 6 years of age. Summer chum salmon enter the Yukon on their spawning migrations from late May through mid-July. Fall chum salmon enter the river from late June through early September. Summer chum salmon lay about 2,500 eggs, fall chum salmon lay over 3,300. fall chum, red chum (locally Pete 1991) «» güz köpek som balığı uqurliq [lit. “one with oil or fat”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) § This was in contrast to ower Yukon River communities further downriver and coastal villages where uqurliq was the term more commonly used for coho salmon and qakiiyaq for fall chum, a convention followed by those Russian Mission residents who had moved from downriver Russian Mission (Pete 1991) § Finally, with respect to salmon, a respondent noted that there are two kinds of “red” (sockeye) salmon, one called sayak and the other called ookurliq; the difference between the two having to do with the scales and the inside of the fish. This last result will be talked about further in the discussion section of this report (p. 47) ... Additionally, one specific question with potentially interesting implications for fishery management did arise. In a discussion of salmon species, one respondent noted that there were two kinds of red salmon, sayak and ookirluq. Sayak is the commonly used www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 47 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Yup’ik term for sockeye salmon; however interviewers were unfamiliar with the term ookirluq. In Jacobson’s Yupik Eskimo Dictionary (1984), a rarely used word ikirluq is listed under the definition for coho salmon. While residents of the upriver villages of McGrath, Nikolai, and Takotna commonly refer to coho (silver) salmon as “reds,” this is generally not the case in the study area reported on here. Therefore, it is unclear if the respondent identifies two separate species of sockeye salmon, or if the respondent was referring to coho salmon and sockeye salmon. Investigation of local taxonomic structures would likely result in resolution of this question (p. 55) Kuskokwim {Aniak, Chuatbaluk} (Krauthoefer 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Oncorhynchus kisutch coho salmon, silver salmon (in Alaska) «» gümüş som balığı qakiiyaq (sg) qakiiyak (dual) qakiiyat (pl) (< Supikçe / Sugpiaq ~ Alutiiq id) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991 [as qakiiyak], Coffing 2001 [as qakiiyak], La Vine 2007, Simon 2007 [as qakiiyak], Akula5), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) uqurliq [lit. “one with oil or fat”] Yukon § This was in contrast to ower Yukon River communities further downriver and coastal villages where uqurliq was the term more commonly used for coho salmon and qakiiyaq for fall chum, a convention followed by those Russian Mission residents who had moved from downriver Russian Mission (Pete 1991) § Yupik Names of Salmon: Silver (Uqurliq) or Coho (Qakiyak). King or Chinook (Kaigtaq). Dog or Chum (Iqalluk). Red or Sockeye (Saiyak). Humpy or Pink Salmon (Amaqaiyak). (< http::/www.uaf.edu/coop-ext/4th/4-Hfishnews/fishnews3-98.html) caayuryaq Norton Sound qavlunaq HBC www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 48 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Oncorhynchus gorbuscha pink salmon, humpback salmon, humpy or humpie (in Alaska) «» kambur som balığı amaqaayak Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007, Akula5), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) amaqaiyak amaqsuq cuqpeq (Miller 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ nonsalmon (non-salmon) fish «» som hariç diğer balıklar ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo gairdneri rainbow trout, steelhead «» gökkuşağı alabalığı talaariq (sg) talaarit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007, Simon 2007) black rainbow trout «» tungulret talaarit Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Igiugig} (Krieg 2005) steelhead / large white rainbow trout «» quatelrit tallaarvit Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Igiugig} (Krieg 2005) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 49 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names mountain trout / small rainbow trout «» talariyarat Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Igiugig} (Krieg 2005) mountain trout / small mountain trout «» talaarit mikcuavat Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Igiugig} (Krieg 2005) brook trout «» manigtacuarat Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salvelinus namaycush lake trout «» cikignaq Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Fall 1996), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984, La Vine 2007) cikigniq Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Simon 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salvelinus malma Dolly Varden, Dolly Varden trout (locally: trout or char), “Arctic char” «» § The modern use of Dolly Varden for S. malma, but historical use for Arctic char (S. alpinus) and bull trout or original Dolly Varden (S. confluentus). The Salvelinus alpinus and S. confluentus are not found in Alaska. yugyaq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007 [as yugyak]), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005 [as yugyak]), Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001 [as yugyat], La Vine 2007, Simon 2007 [as yugyatk]) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 50 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names iqallugpik (sg) iqallugpiik (dual) iqallugpiit (pl) Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) Togiak trout or lake trout (locally) (goes out in spring) «» anerrluaq [< ane- “to go out”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984, La Vine 2007) comes in fall «» iqallugpik (sic: iqalluigpik) Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) § In the fall they return from the ocean and migrate up rivers and streams. This is a good time to harvest many at one time in nets. As the fish get close to spawning the skin becomes a darker, murky gray color, and the flesh becomes light in color. The heads and tails appear longer and skinnier. When in this phase, they are sometimes called iqalluigpik. Immediately after spawning the fish disperse and are not seen in large numbers again all year (La Vine 2007). sea-run Dolly Varden or sea run dollies (locally) (are Dolly Varden taken in salt water) «» anyuk [lit. “wanting to go out”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Fall 1996) small dollies «» ellugniyaagat iqallugpiit Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Coregonus laurettae Bering cisco, small whitefish (Pete 1991) «» imarpinraq (sg) imarpinr[a]at (pl) Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Nunapitchuk} (La Vine 2007, Ray 2010), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) naptaq Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007, Simon 2007), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) neqyagaat [lit. “little fish”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Coregonus sardinella least cisco «» cavirrutnaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007 [as cavirrtnaq]), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 51 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names kassiaq Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) kassayak Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Nunapitchuk} (Ray 2010) kassayaq Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Nunapitchuk} (Ray 2010) qassayaaq qassayagaq Kuskokwim (Simon 2007) elluuyak Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001) irpayagak Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Nunapitchuk} (Ray 2010) neqyaalleraq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) neqyaaller Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4) neqyaaq [lit. “little fish”] § Fermented whitefish are prepared in fall, when temperatures are cold but not freezing. Residents call them kassayaq and eat them frozen (Ray 2010). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Coregonus nasus broad whitefish «» akakiik Bristol Bay {Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Akiachak, Tuluksak} (Akula4, Akula5, Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001, Simon 2007, Ray 2010), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) qaurtuq Yukon, Kuskokwim {Stony River} (Kari 1985) kaurtuq Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) arulailkat (pl) [lit. “one that have stopped moving around”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) young broad whitefish «» neqyagaat (pl) [lit. “little fish") Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) iituliaraat (pl) [lit. “ones with big eyes”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Coregonus pidschian humpback whitefish «» cingikeggliq [lit. “one with a good point”] Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Simon 2007, Ray 2010 [as cingikegliq], Akula4 [as lake white fish]), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991 [as cingikegglik]) uraruq Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Fall 1996, Krieg 2005) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 52 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Prosopium cylindraceum round whitefish, candlefish (locally Krieg 2005) «» uraruq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007) cavirrutnaq Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 2001 [as cauirunat], La Vine 2007 [as cauirrutnaq]) nequiak [lit. “little fish”] Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Nunapitchuk} (Ray 2010) ituli [lit. “big eyes”] Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Nunapitchuk} (Ray 2010) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Stenodus leucichthys nelma sheefish, inconnu «» ciiq (sg) ciirek (dual) ciiret ~ ciit (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Simon 2007, Akula4), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ocean run (sheefish) «» kuigpagtat [lit. “thing of the Yukon”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 53 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Thymallus arcticus arctic grayling (locally: grayling) «» gölgebalığı culugpauk Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Kokhanok, Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Stony River} (Wolfe 1984, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007, Simon 2007); (Drozda 2006) culugpaugaq (Drozda 2006) culugpak [lit. “big dorsal fin”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) nakrullugpak Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984 [as nukrullugpaq], Schichnes 1988 [as nakrulugpak]), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984 [as nukrullugpak], Schichnes 1991 [as nakrulugpak], Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007 [as nakrullngpak]), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Igiugig} (Krieg 2005 [as nakurllugpak]), Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007 [as nakrulluqpak]); (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Esox lucius northern pike (locally or simply: pike) «» turnabalığı cuukvak (sg) cuukviik (dual) cuukviit (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) cukvak HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) luqruuyak [<< Değinakça /Deg Xinag Athabascan giliqoy (< Deg Xinag Ałixi Ni’elyoy / Deg Xinag Learners' Dictionary); cf. Koyukonca/ Koyukon Athabascan k'oolkkoye] Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007, Simon 2007), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ‘luqruuyak Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula4, Akula5) eleqruyak [ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 54 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Learners' Dictionary); cf. Koyukonca / Koyukon Athabascan k'oolkkoye] Kuskokwim {Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Kari 1985) keggsuli [lit. “one good at biting”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Dallia pectoralis Alaska blackfish (locally: blackfish, black fish) «» Alaska karabalığı can’giiq (sg) can’giirek (dual) can’giiret (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Eek, Tuntutuliak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Wolfe 1984, Coffing 1991, La Vine 2007, Ray 2010, Akula4, Akula5), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) imangaq (sg) imangat (pl) Kuskokwim { Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Lower Yukon River area} (Pete 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lota lota burbot (locally: lush), loche fish, lingcod «» tatlısu gelinciği manignaq (sg) manignat (pl) [lit. “like an egg”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007, Ray 2010, Akula4, Akula5), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) atgiaq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak, Aleknagik, Twin Hills} (Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Nrwtuacp 2007) kanayurnaq (Drozda 2006) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 55 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gadus macrocephalus & Eleginus gracilis & Microgadus proximus Pacific cod & saffron cod & Pacific tomcod (locally: tomcod or tom cod) «» mezgit ceturrnaq [< ceturc- ‘to stretch (legs) out’] Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007); (Drozda 2006) citurnaq Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) citegtaq HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) manignaalleryak Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007) manignaleryak (Drozda 2006) iqalluaq (Drozda 2006) amutaq (Drozda 2006) freshly gutted cod «» citegtaq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Catostomus catostomus longnose sucker, long-nosed sucker (locally or simply: sucker) «» cungartak Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Newhalen, Kokhanok, Igiugig, Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak, Stony River} (Kari 1985, Coffing 1991 [as cuntargak], Coffing 2001 [as www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 56 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names cungartat]) nepcak Kuskokwim {Kwethluk} (Coffing 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Clupea pallasii, Clupea harengus pallasii Pacific herring (locally or simply: herring) «» Pasifik ringası iqalluarpak (sg) iqalluarpiik (dual) iqalluarpiit (pl) [lit. “big smelt”] Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Nelson Island (Pete 1986), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak, Akiachak} (Wolfe 1984, Coffing 2001, La Vine 2007) iqallugpak [lit. “big chum salmon”] (?) Yukon (Drozda 2006) neqalluarpak [contamination: neqa + iqalluarpak] (Drozda 2006) early run herring, early herring «» aciirtutet [lit. “those under (the ice)”] Nelson Island (Pete 1986) aciirturtet [lit. “those that run under”] Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wright 1994) (also "the first group of king salmon running under the smelt") processed fatty herring «» ulligpengayiit (pl) Nelson Island (Pete 1986) ullipengayaq (sg) ullipengayiit (pl) [lit. “one lacking the other one of a pair”] processed non-fatty herring «» tamalkuryat (pl) Nelson Island (Pete 1986) herring roe «» ringa yumurtası meluk (sg) meluut (pl) (also "roe, fish egg") Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) herring roe-on-kelp, herring spawn-on-kelp «» yosundaki ringa yumurtası melucuaq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988, Wright 1994), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) melut cu'at (pl) Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984) elquaq (sg) elquat (pl) Nelson Island (Pete 1986) sac roe «» imlaucuaq Nelson Island (Pete 1986) fish cut for drying«» cegat § fatty herring processed as cegat were filleted, ventral and dorsal fins and bellies removed, and hung on drying racks by their tails. ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Osmerus mordax rainbow smelt, boreal smelt, toothed smelt, arctic smelt, boreal smelt (locally or simply: smelt) «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 57 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names iqalluaq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak, Aleknagik} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988, Fall 1996), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Fall 1996, Nrwtuacp 2007), Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Levelock} (Krieg 2005), Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984, La Vine 2007) qusuuk Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001) quyuuk HBC qusuuq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula5) quaquuq Kuskokwim {Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983) lituuliiyak [lit. “ones with large eyes”] Kvichak/Iliamna Lake {Kokhanok} (Krieg 2005 [also as iituuliiyaq) cimigliq Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007) cemerliq HBC (Drozda 2006) elquarniq Norton Sound ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Hypomesus olidus pond smelt «» iqalluaq Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007) cimigliq Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Mallotus villosus capelin «» ciikaaq Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim (La Vine 2007); (Drozda 2006) cikaar ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Cottus aleuticus & Cottus cognatus coastrange sculpin & slimy sculpin, devil fish (locally), bullhead «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 58 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names kayutaq Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) kayutak Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007) kayurrlugaq HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) kayu (Drozda 2006) kalagaq (Drozda 2006) qanerpak (Drozda 2006) ivsirtuliq (Drozda 2006) nertuli (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gasterosteus aculeatus threespine stickleback, three-spined stickleback, needlefish «» quar'uuk Kuskokwim {Eek, Tuntutuliak, Nunapitchuk} (Ray 2010) quarruuk Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula5); (Drozda 2006) quaruut Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ilaqcungaq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pungitius pungitius ninespine stickleback, needle-fish (locally) «» cukilek Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary); (Drozda 2006) quarruuk Nushagak (Nrwtuacp 2007); (Drozda 2006) ilaqcungaq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Platichthys stellatus starry flounder «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 59 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names naternaq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991, Nrwtuacp 2007), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) uraluq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007) , Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) uraluq ~ uraruq (Drozda 2006) cagiq ~ sagiq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Atheresthes stomias arrowtooth flounder «» naternaq (Drozda 2006) cagiq ~ sagiq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Limanda aspera yellow fin sole «» naternaq Kuskokwim {Kwinhagak} (Wolfe 1984) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Citharichthys sp. sanddab, sand dab «» cagiq (Drozda 2006) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 60 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Liopsetta glacialis, Pleuronectes glacialis Arctic flounder «» naternaq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007) uraluq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Nrwtuacp 2007) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Hippoglossoides robustus Bering flounder «» ? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Hippoglossus stenolepis Pacific halibut (locally or simply: halibut) «» naternarpak Bristol Bay {Togiak} (Wolfe 1984) naternat Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) cagiq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lethenteron camtschaticum, Lampetra camtschatica, Lethenteron japonicum, Lampetra japonica Arctic lamprey (locally: eel Kari 1985) «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 61 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names nerneryaq Kuskokwim {Akiachak, Stony River} (Kari 1985, Coffing 2001), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name monster fish «» amllit ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ other animals «» diğer hayvanlar ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ frog «» kurbağa peleqpel’er ~ peleqpelra(a)q ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Actiniaria (sea anemones «» denizlaleleri) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ sea anemone «» denizlalesi terr’et (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Asteroidea (starfish «» denizyıldızları) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ starfish «» denizyıldızı aaggsak [lit. “gloves”] agyaruaq [lit. “imitation star”] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Bivalvia (clams «» midyeler) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 62 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Siliqua patula Pacific razor clam (locally or simply: razor clam) «» denizçakısı aliruaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Saxidomus gigantea butter clam «» taavtaaq (Drozda 2006) tavtaaq Bristol Bay {Togiak, Manokotak} (Wolfe 1984, Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991); (Drozda 2006) aatevtaaq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Mactromeris polynyma, Spisula polynyma, Mactra polynyma, Spisula alaskana Arctic surfclam (Pacific northwestern United States: pink- or red-necked clam) «» § The pink- or red-necked clam in the Pacific northwestern United States (Turgeon et al. 1988) is Mactromeris polynyma; but, the red-necked clam (Bragdon et al. 1996) in the Atlantic coasts (Maine) is Hiatella arctica. uiluq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001 as "saltwater clams"); (Drozda 2006 as "red-necked clam") ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? freshwater clams «» qapilaaq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? clam «» amyak (Drozda 2006) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 63 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? clam «» angvassurliq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? clam «» apakussutaq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? clam «» igyaralek (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? clam «» taqilek (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? clam «» teq’ulungssaq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Gastropoda (snails «» salyangozlar) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ snail «» salyangoz aalemyaaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ snail shell «» salyangoz kabuğu ciutemquq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Brachyura (crabs «» yengeçler) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Paralithodes camtschaticus red king crab (locally or simply: king crab) «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 64 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names yuale’rsaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Metacarcinus magister, Cancer magister dungeness crab «» pupsulek ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? crab «» melqulgaq (Drozda 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Insecta (insects «» böcekler) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ insect, crawling thing «» böcek ciissiq (sg) ciissiit (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Musca domestica house fly «» sinek ciivak ~ ciuvak house fly maggot «» sinek kurdu paraluq Kuskokwim qup'luq Yukon, HBC ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? mosquito «» sivrisinek egturyaq (sg) egturyat (pl) (Miller 2006) makuryaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? gnat «» melugyaraat (pl) (Miller 2006) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 65 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name: ? furry bugs «» mellqerupceret ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Lepidoptera butterfly «» kelebek Caqelngataq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Plantae (plants «» bitkiler) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ plant «» bitki naunraat (pl) Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) naunrat (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula5) naucetaaq (sg) naucetaat (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk} (Akula3, Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ plant, vegetable «» naungrruyak ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ flower or plant «» naucetaaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ leaf «» yaprak cuyaq (sg) cuyak (dual) cuyat (pl) (also "leaf chewing tobacco") Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} Akula3 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ seed «» tohum iiqupak (sg) iiqupiit (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} Akula3 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ plant root «» bitki kökü acilquq (sg) acilqut (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} Akula3 ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ stem «» sap, bitki sapı epulquq (sg) epulqut (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} Akula3 www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 66 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ berries, fruits «» meyveler ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ berry; fruit «» meyve atsaq (sg) atsak (dual) atsat (pl) Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk} (Akula5, Andrews 1989) acsaq (sg) acsak (dual) acsat (pl) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ ripe berry «» olgun meyve arunquq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ unripe berry «» olmamış meyve teggemquq teggenquq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ any dried fruit «» ciutnguaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ apple/orange «» elma, portakal gibi iri meyveler atsarpak (sg) atsarpiit (pl) [lit. “big berry”] www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 67 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry, lowbush salmonberry (locally: salmonberry) «» § The berries were listed were as "salmonberry", Rubus spectabilis, but this plant does not grow in Yupik-Kuskokwim Delta area (Garibaldi 1999). atsalugpiaq (pl) atsalugpiak (dual) atsalugpiat (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Garibaldi 1999, Coffing 2001, Akula5); (Robertnick) acsalugpiaq (pl) acsalugpiak (dual) acsalugpiat (pl) Kuskokwim acsarpiaq [lit. “genuine/real berry”] Yukon atsarpiaq [lit. “genuine/real berry”] atsapik [lit. “genuine/real berry”] Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) acarkaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) atsaq [lit. “berry”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) naunraq (sg) naunrat (pl) [lit. “plant”] Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) aqevyiiq (sg) aqevyiit (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) aqevyik HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rubus arcticus arctic raspberry, wild raspberry, Alaskan raspberry, raspberry (locally), nagoonberry (locally) «» puyuraaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989 [as thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus]) puyuraar Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} Akula5 puyuragaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) puyuraaraat (pl) (Robertnick) puyurvat Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001 [as boysenberry Rubus arcticus]) puyugarr Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 68 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names puyurniq (sg) HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) puyrnit (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) Subspecies map of Rubus arcticus (from plants.usda.gov): R. parviflorus (thimbleberry) does not grow in Yup’ik-speaking area: § The puyuraaq were listed were as “thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus” by Andrews 1989, but this plant does not grow in Yup’ik-speaking area. See Viereck 1975: western thimbleberry, Rubus parviflorus: Through southeast Alaska from Portland Canal northwest to Lynn Canal and Haines and at Yakutat. ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rubus strigosus, Rubus idaeus var. strigosus American red raspberry, American raspberry (locally: raspberry) «» § American red raspberry, Rubus idaeus var. strigosus: Interior Alaska north to Porcupine and Yukon Rivers, west to Holy Cross and Mountain Village, south to Lake Aleknagik north of Dillingham, Iliamna Lake, Kenai Peninsula, and Chitina River Valley. Also along mainland of southeast Alaska from Haines and Skagway at head of Lynn Canal southeast to portland Canal and Annette Island (Viereck 1975). ? puyuraarpak [lit. “big raspberry”] [as raspberry] puyuraaq Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991 [as two species of raspberries (Rubus idaeus and R. arcticus), which were both called puyuruaq]) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 69 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ??? tumaglit Akiachak (Coffing 2001 [tumaglit for raspberry, Rubus idaeus and kavirliq for low bush cranberry, Vaccinium vitis]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rosa acicularis prickly rose, prickly wild rose, bristly rose, arctic rose (locally: rose) «» § prickly rose, Rosa acicularis: Through interior Alaska north to south slope of Brooks Range, also northward at Sadlerochit Hot Springs and Umiat, west to Kobuk River and Seward Peninsula, south to Mountain Village on lower Yukon River, Bethel on Kuskokwim River, and Dillingham, and east to Kenai Peninsula and Chitina River. Also north end of southeast Alaska at Haines and Skagway and near Juneau (Viereck 1975). [attention: R. nutkana (Nootka rose) does not grow in Yup’ik-speaking area] “tutuk'oak” (Garibaldi 1999) rose hip «» kuşburnu tutarvat (pl) Kuskokwim {Akiachak] (Coffing 2001) tuuttaruaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Malus domestica apple «» elma kavlagpak (sg) kavlagpiit (pl) [lit. “big bearberry”] aapelaaq (sg) aapelaat (pl) [< İngilizce / English apple] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Empetrum nigrum (subsp. hermaphroditum) crowberry, black crowberry, curlewberry (locally: blackberry or mossberry) «» tan'gerpak (sg) tan'gerpiit (pl) [lit. “big dark (thing)”] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984), Kuskokwim {Kasikluk, Nunapitchuk, www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 70 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Kwethluk, Akiachak, Stony River} (Andrews 1989, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula5), Yukon {Scammon Bay, Russian Mission} (Keggatmiut Plants [as tanegerpak], Pete 1991), Nelson Island ; (Robertnick) kavlakuaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) kavlakuareq HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Arctostaphylos alpina bearberry, black bearberry, kinnikinnik «» kavlak (sg) kavlat (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasikluk, Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989, Akula5), Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) kavlaguyat (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Vaccinium uliginosum blueberry (locally), lowbush blueberry, alpine blueberry, bog blueberry, bog bilberry«» curaq (sg) curat (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak, Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989, Kari 1985, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula5), Yukon { Scammon Bay, Russian Mission} (Keggatmiut Plants, Pete 1991), HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Hooper Bay Upward Bound); (Robertnick) suraq (sg) surat (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 71 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Vaccinium ovalifolium early blueberry, Alaska blueberry, huckleberry (Schichnes 1988) «» surauvak Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Vaccinium vitis-idaea (var. minus) lowbush cranberry, mountain cranberry, rock cranberry, lingonberry, red crowberry, redberry (locally Pete 1991) «» tumagliq (sg) tumaglit (pl) [< tumag- ‘to taste bitter’] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Kuskokwim {Tuluksak, Stony River} (Andrews 1983, Kari 1985), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991), Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999 [as bog cranberry Oxycoccus microcarpus]), HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Hooper Bay Upward Bound) tumuageliq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) tumagliaq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Wolfe 1984) kavirliq (sg) kavirliit (pl) [lit. “red one/thing”] Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula5) kavirlit (pl) (Robertnick [as red crowberries]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium microcarpos, Oxycoccus microcarpos small cranberry, bog cranberry «» uingiaraat (pl) (Robertnick [as bog cranberry uingiaraat (the tastiest)]) uingiar Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula5 [as bog berries] www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 72 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Viburnum edule highbush cranberry, squashberry «» kitnigpak Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) kitngik Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) agautat (pl) (Robertnick [as high bush cranberry]) (but, high bush cranberry Viburnum trilobum does not grow in Alaska) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Cornus canadensis bunchberry (locally), bunchberry dogwood, dwarf dogwood «» § but, Cornus canadensis does not grow in Alaska. Only Cornus species in Alaska is the red osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera (= Cornus sericea) (by Viereck 1975). cenqqullektat (pl) Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) cengqulkegcitat (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) cengqulliktaaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) cingqulliktaaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) cingqullegtaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk} (Akula5) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Cornus sericea, Cornus stolonifera red osier dogwood «» § red-osier dogwood, Cornus stolonifera: Central interior Alaska north to Porcupine and Yukon Rivers, west to koyukuk and Anvik, and south to Stony River, Anchorage area, and Copper River Vally. Also through southeast Alaska from Skagway at head of Lynn Canal to Portland Canal, but not recorded from Chichagof and Baranof Islands (Viereck 1975). www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 73 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names See ↑ above ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ribes glandulosum white currant (whitecurrant), pink currant, yellow currant, skunk currant «» beyaz frenküzümü § skunk currant, Ribes glandulosum: Of very erratic occurrence in south-central, interior, and southwestern Alaska. Scattered locations from near Valdez in Prince William Sound northward to Tanana River at Fairbanks and Manley Hot Springs and in Mt. McKinley National Park; several locations in Susitna River and in Dillingham area; and east to a location at Homer on Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ribes hudsonianum northern black currant «» Kuzey siyah frenküzümü § northern black currant, Ribes hudsonianum: Primarily in the interior forest area but with occasional locations in the coastal areas. In southeast Alaska from the Copper River Basin northward to the south slopes of the Brooks Range; westward to a location in Noatak River Valley, Mountain Village on the Yukon River; south on Kuskokwim River nearly to Bethel, Wood River Lakes and Dillingham, and the head of Bristol Bay; and east to Seward on Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ribes triste American red currant, northern red currant, swamp red currant, wild red currant «» Amerika kırmızı frenküzümü www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 74 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names § American red currant, Ribes triste: Mostly within the interior forest of Alaska. Southeast Alaska only at head of Lynn Canal, also reported from vicinity of Icy Bay. From Prince William Sound nortward to south slopes of Brooks Range and 2 locations beyond; westward to Noatak and Kobuk Rivers, Seward Peninsula, and inner edge of Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta; south to the Wood River Lakes - Dillingham area and Katmai National Monument; and east to Homer on Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Vitis vinifera raisin «» kuru üzüm curacungaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ trees and shrubs «» ağaç ve çalılar ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ tree and shrub «» ağaç, çalı napa ~ napaq (sg) napat (pl) (also "spruce") uqvik (sg) uqviit (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) (also "willow") cuyaqsuut (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ wood «» odun; tahta murak (sg) muriit (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk, Akiachal} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 2001) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ spruce driftwood «» dalgaların karaya attığı ladin odunu murapik (sg) murapiit (pl) [lit. “real wood”] www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 75 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ driftwood «» dalgaların karaya attığı adun tep’aq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989) equk ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ firewood «» yakacak odun muragaq (sg) muragket (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk, Tuluksak} (Andrews 1983, Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ roots of the tree «» ağaç kökü talliruaq (sg) talliruat (pl) [lit: “imitation arms”] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Larix laricina tamarack, tamarack larch «» Amerika melezi § tamarack, Larix laricina: Interior Alaska along Tanana River from eats of Big Delta, Yukon River from isolated stations at Canadian border and Circle, and up Koyukuk River to Allakaket. West to Unalakleet River, which drains into Norton Sound, and south to Napaimiut on lower Kuskokwim River (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Picea glauca & Picea mariana white spruce & black spruce «» ak ladin & kara ladin § white spruce, Picea glauca: Through interior Alaska corresponding to the range of the spruce-hardwood forest, north and west to tree limit. From Firth River and its tributary Joe Creek on Arctis slope, west along south slopes of Brooks Range from Arctic and Wiseman to www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 76 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Noatak River. South in eastern part of Seward Peninsula to Unalakleet, St. Marys on Yukon River, Bethel on Kuskokwim River, and Dillingham, and Naknek Lake near base of Alaska Peninsula (Viereck 1975). § black spruce, Picea mariana: Interior Alaska within range of the spruce-hardwood forest and north to southern slopes of Brooks Range. West from Old Rampart to Wiseman, upper Kobuk River near Shungnak, also Squirrel River, to Kaltag on Yukon River and to Elim at base of Seward Peninsula, South to Stony River on Kuskokwim River, Lake Clark, and Iliamna, and reported from Naknek at base of Alaska Peninsula (Viereck 1975). kevraartuq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk, Stony River} (Andrews 1989 [as spruce Picea mariana/glauca], Kari 1985 [as white spruce Picea glauca]); (Garibaldi 1999 [as Picea glauca]) root of spruce «» ladin kökü kevraacinraq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Juniperus communis (subsp. communis var. depressa) common juniper «» ardıç § common juniper, Juniperus communis: Through most of Alaska except extreme northwest and west, Alaska Peninsula, and Aleutian Islands. Scattered through southeast Alaska from Annette Island to Skagway and Lituya Bay. North in interior to Firth, Porcupine, Yukon, Koyukuk, Kobuk, and Noatak Rivers and north of Brooks Range to Canning, Shaviovik, and Chandler Rivers. West to Elim on Seward Peninsula and south to Takotna, and Nuyakuk Lake and other lakes north of Dillingham, and east to Iliamna, Kenai Peninsula, and Chitina River Valley (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Populus balsamifera balsam poplar, cottonwood (locally) «» kavak § balsam poplar, Populus balsamifera: Through interior Alaska corresponding to the range of the spruce-hardwood forest, north and west to tree limits and in scattered stands beyond. North on south slopes of Brooks Range in drainages of Porcupine, Koyukuk, Kobuk, and Noatak Rivers; north of Brooks Range in small isolated stans along many rivers draining into Arctic Ocean from Firth River westward but best developed and most extensive along Canning River, West to Igloo (northeast of Teller) near western tip of Seward Peninsula; south to Unalakleet, mouth of Yukon River at Alakanuk, reaching coast of Bristol Bay near Dillingham, on Alaska Peninsula at Katmai National Monument and southwest to Chignik, and on Kodiak Island (Viereck 1975). www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 77 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names avngulek Kuskokwim {Stony River} (Kari 1985) qugniilnguq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Populus tremuloides quaking aspen «» titrer kavak § quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides: Through interior Alaska within range of the spruce-hardwood forest but not as far north or west nor as high in mountains as white spruce. North to south slopes of Brooks Range, west to Koyukuk and Kobuk Rivers, and south on Yukon River to Holy Cross and on Kuskokwim to Bethel and to base of Alaska Peninsula at Lake Iliamna and Katmai National Monument. Also south of Alaska Range in Susitna Valley, Cook Inlet, Kenai Peninsula, and Copper River areas. Southeast Alaska only in wxtreme northern part near Haines and Skagway at head of Lynn Canal (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix spp. willow «» söğüt uqvik (sg) uqviit (pl) (also "tree/shrub") uqviaq uqvigaq uqviar ugvicuut (Robertnick) nauciq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) willow shoots «» söğüt sürgünü cuyaq Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix alaxensis feltleaf willow, Alaska willow «» Alaska söğüdü www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 78 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names § feltleaf willow, Salix alaxensis: Widely distributed and common almost throughout Alaska from southeast Alaska to Arctic Ocean. Southeast Alaska from Hyder to head of Lynn Canal but not on outer islands; north through interior to Arctic Coast and northwest to Cape Lisburne; west to Bering Sea except in a few isolated areas, St. Lawrence, St. Mathew, and Pribilof Islands; southwest on Ala ska Peninsula and Aleutian Islands to Unalaska Island; and east to Kodiak Island, Cook Inlet, and Prince William Sound (Viereck 1975). Tall shrub or tree up to 10 m tall (Collet 2004). uqvigpak [lit. “big willow”] Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix pulchra, Salix planifolia subsp. pulchra var. pulchra diamondleaf willow (diamond-leaf willow) «» elmasyapraklı söğüt § diamondleaf willow, Salix planifolia ssp. pulchra: Almost all Alaska except the western Aleutians and the coastal forests of southeastern part. In southeast Alaska only at Juneau and Haines. From Prince William Sound northward to the Arctic Ocean; westward to the Chukci and Bering Seas, including many island locations; southward to the eastern Aleutians, and east to Kodiak Island and Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). Low to tall shrub, 1-4 m (Collet 2004). cuyaqsuk Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) uqvvikaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix richardsonii, Salix lanata subsp. richardsonii Richardson’s willow, wooly willow «» § Richardson willow, Salix lanata ssp. richardsonii: Through most of central and south-central Alaska north to Arctic Ocean. In southeastern Alaska only in mountains from Juneau to Haines and at Yakutat. In central Alaska from Copper River Basin northward to Arctic Ocean; westward to Chukchi and Bering Sea but not on oceanic islands; southward to mouth of Kuskokwim River, south slopes of Alaska Range, and Matanuska Valley, with isolated occurrences in Tikchik Lake, Naknek, and Unalaska Island in the Aleutians (Viereck 1975). Low-to-medium shrub 0.5-2 m. Leaves hairy and shiny above, whitish and hairless underneath (Collet 2004). angvalluriiq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix arbusculoides littletree willow (little-tree willow), peachleaf willow «» ağaççık söğüdü § littletree willow, Salix arbusculoides: Widely distributed in Alaska from Copper River Basin northward nearly to Arctic Ocean on Sadlerochit River; west in scattered locations north of Brooks Range to chukchi Sea at Kotzebue and to Bering Sea on Yukon and Kuskokwim deltas, with isolated localities on Seward Peninsula; south to south slopes of alaska Range with isolated locations on Alaska and Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). Shrub or small tree 1-6 m tall, occasionally to 10 m (Collet 2004). enrilnguaq Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991 [as willow greens]), Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 79 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix barclayi Barclay's willow «» Barclay söğüdü § Barclay willow, Salix barclayi: Common along southern coast of Alaska and reaching into the interior basin. From Hyder at southern end northward to Yakutat but not reaching outer islands, north to Tanana River with an isolated location at Bettles; west to central Kuskokwim River, with isolated localities at Norton sound and Yukon Delta, and southwest to Unalaska in Aleutian Islands; and east to Kodiak Island, Kenai Peninsula, and Prince William Sound (Viereck 1975). Shrub 1-2 m tall occasionally to 5 m, branching from the ground level (Collet 2004). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix bebbiana beaked willow, long-beaked willow, gray willow, Bebb's willow «» Bebb söğüdü § Bebb willow, Salix bebbiana: Widely distributed in interior Alaska south to the Pacific coast. In northern part of southeastern Alaska at head of Lynn Canal. In central Alaska, primarily along the rivers from Prince William Sound to Porcupune River and with isolated occurrences at Wiseman and on Kobuk River; occasionally in western Alaska, on Yukon River to Holy Cross and on Kuskokwim River to Aniak; in southwestern Alaska from Dillingham southeast to Kodiak Island; in south-central Alaska to southern tip of Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). Upright shrub or tree to 10 m tall (Collet 2004). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Salix glauca gray-leaf willow, gray willow, white willow, glaucous willow «» § grayleaf willow, Salix glauca: Throughout Alaska except Aleutian Island and souteast coast. In southeast Alaska only at Glacier Bay and Haines-Skagway area. ın mainland Alaska from Prince William Spund northward to Arctic Ocean near Barter Island but lacking in extreme northern portion of the coastal plain to the west; westward to Chukchi and Bering Seas except for some small areas on Seward Peninsula and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta; southwest to end of alaska Peninsula and one location at Adak Island in Aleutians; east to Kodiak Island and Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). Shrub 0.3-1m tall (Collet 2004).). ??? www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 80 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Myrica gale sweet gale (sweetgale), bog myrtle «» § sweetgale, Myrica gale: Southeastern, south-central, and interior Alaska. Throughout lowlands of south-east except the outer islands; northwest along the coast to Prince William Sound; north only in lowlands along rivers to the Tanana and Yukon Rivers and to Wiseman in southern foothills of Brooks Range; west to isolated occurrences on Norton Sound and at McGrath on the Kuskokwim River; south to isolated localities at mouth of Kuskokwim River, head of Bristol Bay, and Alaska Peninsula; and east to Kodiak Island and Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Betula nana (subsp. exilis) dwarf birch, dwarf arctic birch «» bodur huş § dwarf arctic birch, Betula nana: Very widespread nearly throughout interior Alaska, north almost to Arctic Ocean, west to Bering Sea and western end of Alaska Peninsula. South of Alaska Range to Kodiak Island, Kenai Peninsula, and Copper River drainage. Also local in northern end of southeast Alaska at Yakutat and head of Lynn Canal at Haines and Skagway (Viereck 1975). cupuruaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Betula papyrifera (var. kenaica) paper birch, American white birch, canoe birch; subspecies: Kenai birch «» kağıt huşu § Kenai birch, Betula papyrifera var. kenaica: Southern part of interior Alaska from Cook Inlet, Kenai Peninsula area, and west to Kodiak Island and base of Alaska Peninsula (Viereck 1975). www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 81 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names elnguq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk, Stony River} (Kari 1985, Andrews 1989); (Garibaldi 1999) bark of birch «» huş kabuğu imegyuk Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Alnus spp. alder «» kızılağaç cuukvaguaq (sg) cuukvaguat (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989, Robertnick) cuukvaquaq Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Alnus viridis subsp. crispa, Alnus crispa mountain alder, American green alder «» § American green alder, Alnus crispa: Widely distributed in interior Alaska north to Colville River, north slopes of Brooks Range, Firth, Porcupine, Yukon, Koyukuk, Kobuk, and Noatak Rivers, and west to Bering Sea; south to Bethel and Alaska Range and southward in Susitna and Copper River Valleys, locally beyond (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia, Alnus tenuifolia thinleaf alder «» § thinleaf alder, Alnus tenuifolia: Interior Alaska from Yukon River Valley west to mouth of Yukon River, south to Bethel on Kuskokwim River, and base of Alaska Peninsula at Katmai, and east to Kenai Peninsula and Copper River Valley. Also north end of southeast Alaska from Juneau to Haines (Viereck 1975). cukvvaguaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sorbus scopulina Greene’s mountain ash «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 82 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names § Greene mountain ash, Sorbus scopulina: Scattered through central interior Alaska from central Yukon River west to Golovin on Bering Sea, south to Aniak, Dillingham, and Katmai, and east to Kenai Peninsula, Susitna Valley, and Copper River Valley. Also scattered through southeast from Skagway and Haines at head of Lynn Canal southeast to Portland Canal (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Spiraea stevenii, Spiraea beauverdiana var. stevenii Alaskan spirea, Beauverd's spirea «» teggerpayagaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) uqvataaraq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Chamaedaphne calyculata leatherleaf «» § leatherleaf, Chamaedaphne calyculata: Lowlands of Central Alaska and isolated localities to north and west. From Copper River Basin north to Porcupine River and local on north slope of Brooks Range; westward to Galena on Yukon River, scattered on kobuk and Noatak Rivers, and at Nome; southwest to mouth of Kuskokwim River and an area at head of Bristol Bay; and east to Anchorage but not on Kenai Peninsula (Viereck 1975). ??? ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rhododendron palustre subsp. decumbens, Ledum palustre subsp. decumbens, Ledum decumbens, Rhododendron subarcticum, Rhododendron tomentosum subsp. subarcticum tundra tea (locally), Eskimo tea (locally), narrow-leaf Labrador tea, Labrodor tea «» Eskimo çayı ayuq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Andrews 1989, Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula5), Yukon {Scammon Bay, Russian Mission} (Keggatmiut Plants, Pete 1991), HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Hooper Bay Upward Bound); (Garibaldi 1999) ayu www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 83 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ herbs «» otlar ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ vegetables «» sebze naunerrluut (pl) (Miller 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ pepper «» biber qatlinaq (pl) (Miller 2006) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ bean «» fasulye nelernaq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Angelica lucida wild celery (locally), seacoast angelica, sea-watch «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 84 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ikiituk Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989, Akula5), Yukon { Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ikiituq HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) ikituq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) mecugelugaat ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Ligusticum scoticum subsp. hultenii, Ligusticum hultenii Hulten's licorice-root «» ik'ituq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers [as wild celery Ligusticum hultenii]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Heracleum maximum, Heracleum lanatum cow parsnip (cowparsnip), common cowparsnip, Indian celery «» tarnaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ikituq ~ tarnaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound [as ikituq/tarnaq wild celery Heracleum lanatum) iitut Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001 [as wild celery Heracleum lanatum]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 85 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Cicuta virosa, Cicuta mackenziana Mackenzie water-hemlock, poisonous water hemlock, poison water hemlock «» anguturluq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) arnaurluq [lit. “poor dear woman”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) uquutvaguaq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989), Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Achillea sibirica Siberian yarrow «» teptukuyuk Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) teptuguyuk Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Artemisia sp. www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 86 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Artemisia arctica boreal sagebrush «» Kutup yavşanı Artemisia campestris field wormwood «» tarla yavşanı Artemisia tilesii Tilesius' wormwood «» Tilesius yavşanı caiggluk Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988 [as stinkweed (wormweed) Artemisia tilesii]), Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991 [as wormwood ("stinkweed") Artemisia sp.], Coffing 2001 [as stinkweed Artemisia sp.]), Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991 [as wormwood Artemisia sp.]), Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999 [as wormwood, stinkweed Artemisia tilesii]), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary [as wormwood Artemisia]) caiggluq HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound [as arctic wormwood Artemisia artica]) cayggluk Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers [as wormwood Artemisia tilesii], Keggatmiut Plants [as wormwood Artemisia campestris] ) qanganaruaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991 [as wormwood ("stinkweed") Artemisia sp.], Coffing 2001 [as stinkweed Artemisia sp.], Akula5 [as stink weed]) naunerrluk Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988 [as stinkweed (wormweed) Artemisia tilesii]), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991 [as stinkweed]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Chrysanthemum arcticum arctic daisy «» Kutup papatyası (from USDA) tutaruaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 87 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Matricaria discoidea, Matricaria matricarioides chamomile (locally), wild chamomile, pineappleweed (pineapple weed) «» papatya atsaruaq (sg) atsaruat (pl) [lit. “imitation berry”] Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991); (Garibaldi 1999 [as atsu'koak]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Petasites frigidus var. frigidus, Petasites hyperboreus, Petasites alaskanus arctic sweet coltsfoot «» qalturuaq (entire plant) Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) qikmiruaq (seedhead) Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Petasites frigidus var. sagittatus arrowleaf sweet coltsfoot, arrow-leaved, head plant (locally) sweet coltsfoot «» plugutaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants); (Garibaldi 1999 [as plugu'tuk]) nasqupaguaq (sg) nasqupaguat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants, Fienup-Riordan www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 88 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names 1999 [as nasqupaguat groundsel, wild spinach) nasqupagua HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Senecio congestus mastodon flower (locally), swamp ragwort, northern swamp groundsel, marsh fleabane, marsh fleawort, clustered marsh ragwort «» quguyugpaguaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) quguyuguaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Honckenya peploides sea chickwood (locally), sea purslane (locally), sea sandwort (UK), seaside sandplant (Canada) «» it'garralek Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) itgaralget HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Chenopodium album (var. album & missouriense) wild spinach (locally), lamb's quarters (lambsquarters), white goosefoot «» sirken www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 89 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names metcuqeggliq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Oxyria digyna mountain sorrel, alpine mountainsorrel, alpine sorrel, wood sorrel, sourgrass «» qunarliaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) quunarliaraat Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants [as mountain sorrel Oxalis alpina]) § but, Oxalis alpina (alpine woodsorrel, alpine sorrel) does not grow in Alaska (See → USDA) quunarliaraq HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary [as bog cranberry Oxycoccus microcarpus]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Aconogonon alpinum, Polygonum alpinum, Persicaria alpina, Aconogonum alaskanum, Polygonum alaskanum wild rhubarb (locally), Alaskan wild rhubarb, Alaska wild rhubarb, alpine knotweed «» Alaska söğütot angukaq Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk, Stony River} (Andrews 1989, Kari 1985, Akula5); (Garibaldi 1999) nauciq ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Polygonum bistorta (var. plumosum) pink plumes (locally), meadow bistort, common bistort, bistort «» kurtpençesi www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 90 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names cuqlamcaq (tuber of pink plumes) (www.weightlossbanter.net) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Rumex arcticus (var. arcticus & perlatus) arctic dock, arctic sourdock, sourdock (locally), wild rhubarb (locally), wild spinach (locally) «» © images → cdhs.us & science.halleyhosting.com & discoverlife.org quagciq (sg) quagcit (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991), Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001, Akula5), Yukon { Scammon Bay, Russian Mission} (Pete 1991, Fienup-Riordan 1999), Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) qaugciq (leaves) nakaaq (male-top part) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) kuaggciq (leaves) nak'aaq (stem) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) kuaggciq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) naunrayagaq aatunaq HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Hooper Bay Upward Bound, Fienup- Riordan 1999) angu'kuk (male plant) (Garibaldi 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Claytonia sibirica (var. sibirica) Siberian springbeauty «» ulqit Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pedicularis lanata woolly lousewort «» mertam neqait Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) mertamneqait Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Menyanthes trifoliata buckbean, bog buckbean, bog-bean «» pingayulek Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989); (Garibaldi 1999 [as puingai'yulit]) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 91 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium angustifolium tall fireweed, fireweed «» cillkaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers, Keggatmiut Plants) almaruat (pl) (Garibaldi 1999) firewood shoots «» essalaungsat (pl) Yukon {Russian Mission} (Pete 1991) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Chamerion latifolium, Epilobium latifolium dwarf fireweed «» cillkaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Caltha palustris (var. palustris & radicans) yellow marsh marigold, marshmarigold (locally)«» allngiguaq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) root of marshmarigold «» agiinik Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Coptidium pallasii, Ranunculus pallasii Pallas' buttercup, Pallas buttercup «» Eskimo düğünçiçeği © images → svalbardflora.net www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 92 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names kapukaraq (sg) kapukarat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) kapuukar(aq) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) kapuukaraq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) kapuukaraat (pl) alngiguaq [lit. “pretend boot sole patch”] ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Argentina pacifica, Potentilla pacifica, Potentilla anserina subsp. pacifica Pacific silverweed, Pacific cinquefoil, beach cinquefoil «» © images → calphotos.berkeley.edu qipaliunguaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers, Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sanguisorba canadensis, Sanguisorba sitchensis Canadian burnet, Sitka burnet, Sitka great burnet «» cayuruaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers, Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Urtica dioica (subsp. dioica & gracilis [= lyallii]) stinging nettle, nettle (locally)«» qatlinaq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 93 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Rhodiola integrifolia (subsp. integrifolia), Sedum rosea subsp. integrifolium, Sedum integrifolium, Sedum rosea var. alaskanum, Sedum alaskanum ledge stonecrop, western roseroot, roseroot (locally), rosewort (locally), king's crown «» caklluq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants [as rosefoot Sedum rosea]) caqlak HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) cuqlamcaraat (pl) (Garibaldi 1999) Rhodiola rosea (Sedum rosea; golden root, roseroot, roseroot stonecrop) does not grow in Alaska: § The caklluq were listed were as “roosefoot, Sedum rosea” by Keggatmiut Plants, but this plant does not grow in Alaska. See USDA ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Saxifraga nelsoniana (subsp. nelsoniana & pacifica), S. punctata heartleaf saxifrage (subsp. nelsoniana), Pacific saxifrage (subsp. pacifica) «» anuktutliaraat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants [as brook saxifrage Saxifraga punctata]). But, the brook saxifrage S. odontoloma (S. punctata subsp. arguta) does not grow in Alaska. www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 94 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Mertensia maritima (var. maritima & asiatica) oysterleaf, oysterplant, sea bluebell «» neqnirliar Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Nuphar polysepala yellow pond-lily, water lily «» paparnaq (sg) paparnat (pl) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989); (Robertnick [as paparnat poison hemlock]) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pedicularis verticillata wooly lousewort «» ulevleruyak (Jacobson 1984) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Hedysarum alpinum alpine sweetvetch, Eskimo patato, Indian potato, wild potato (locally), wild carrot (locally) , Yupik potatoes (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) «» elagaq Kuskokwim {Stony River} (Kari 1985) marallaq (sg) marallat (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Hooper Bay Upward Bound) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 95 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Eriophorum angustifolium (subsp. angustifolium & triste) tall cottongrass, narrow-leaved cottongrass, common cottongrass, cottongrass «» lower stems of tall cottongrass «» iitaq (sg) Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989), HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Hooper Bay Upward Bound) iitat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) iitaat (pl) (yupikscience.org) ukayiruaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers, Keggatmiut Plants) root (tuber) of tall cottongrass, mouse nuts, grass root, raindrops «» anlleq (sg) anlleret (pl) Kuskokwim {Kasigluk, Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989, Akula5 [as mousefood]); (Robertnick [as mouse food anlleret]) anllat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Eriophorum scheuchzeri white cottongrass, arctic cotton grass «» lower stem of arctic cottongrass «» mellkuruaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers, Keggatmiut Plants) root (tuber) of arctic cottongrass «» anllat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Carex & Puccinella & Leymus/Elymus spp. (Fienup-Riordan 1999: Carex subspathacea, Puccinellia phryganodes, Elymus mollis) grasses and sedges «» cungagpayagaat [lit. “little green things”] Newtok (Fienup-Riordan 1999) canyagaqcuaraneng [lit. “small grasses”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) evegeraat [lit. “small grasses”] HBC {Chevak} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) evgerayagaat [lit. “small grasses”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 96 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Carex spp. sedge «» evek (sg) evget (pl) Newtok (Fienup-Riordan 1999), Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999), HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) evegeraraat HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) evegeraat HBC {Hooper Bay, Chevak} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) evgerayagaat Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) evegaat HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium multipedunculatum narrowleaf bur-reed «» anllaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Phalaris arundinacea reed canarygrass «» canegpik (sg) canegpiit (pl) [lit. “genuine/real grass”] www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 97 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Elymus &Leymus &Puccinella ... spp. grass «» canek (sg) canget (pl) Kuskokwim {Stony River} (Kari 1985), Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) caranglluut ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Elymus spp. wildrye, wheatgrass «» cukcukuat Toksook Bay (Fienup-Riordan 1999) cungagpiit [lit. “long green ones”] HBC {Chevak} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) tugglugpak HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Leymus mollis subsp. mollis, Elymus mollis, Leymus arenarius subsp. mollis, Elymus arenarius subsp. mollis American dunegrass, dune wildrye, beach rye grass, saltwater rye grass, coarse seashore grass «» taperrnaq (sg) taperrnat (pl) Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988 [as rye grass (basketgrass or seashore grass) Elymus arenaus]), Nelson Island (Pete 1986 [as lyme grass, beach grass Elymus arearius]), Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) Leymus arenarius (Elymus arenarius; sand ryegrass, sea lyme grass, basketgrass) does not grow in Alaska: § The taperrnaq were listed were as “rye grass (basketgrass or seashore grass), Elymus arenaus” by Schichnes 1988 (and Pete 1986), but this plant does not grow in Alaska. See USDA www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 98 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Puccinella (species in Alaska: agrostidea, andersonii, angustata, arctica, deschampsioides, distans, hultenii, interior, kamtschatica, nutkaensis, nuttalliana, phryganoides, pumila, sublaevis, tenella, vaginata, vahliana, wrightii) alkaligrass (alkali grass), grass (simply) «» ulunguayagaat (pl) [lit. “fake, little tongues”] HBC {Hoper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name tall, coarse grass «» kelugkaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999), HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) § The grass that grows on the sides of the rivers is called kelugkaq [tall, coarse grass] (Fienup-Riordan 1999). § kelugkaq - coarse grass used for weaving mats. These grasses are found along lakes and small sloughs, usually where there is moss and high tundra alongside the water bodies (AlaskoolGlossary). ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name grass used as insulation placed over the frames of the sod house«» eviutet (pl) HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Potamogeton perfoliatus clasping-leaf pondweed, perfoliate pondweed «» nayaruaq Kuskokwim {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) nuyaaralget [lit. “places with imitation hair”] HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999 as probably water weeds) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 99 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Streptopus amplexifolius (var. amplexifolius & chalazatus & papillatus) claspleaf twistedstalk (var. amplexifolius & papillatus), tubercle twistedstalk (var. chalazatus) «» agautaq (sg) agautat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) aggautaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Hippuris vulgaris common mare's-tail, mare's-tail, marestail, goose grass (locally) «» tayaruq (sg) tayarut (pl) Kuskokwim{Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989), Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants, Fienup-Riordan 1999), HBC { Hooper Bay, Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary, Hooper Bay Upward Bound) root of marestail «» atkuyruğu kökü qeteq (sg) qetget (pl) Kuskokwim{Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989) qet'aq Kuskokwim {Akiachak} (Coffing 2001) utngungssaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) utngungssaaq HBC {Chevak} (AlaskoolGlossary) utngungssaraat Toksook Bay (Fienup-Riordan 1999), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) utngungsaat (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Equisetum fluviatile water horsetail, horsetail, snakegrass «» www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 100 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names uzugunertuliarr Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Flowers) usgunertuliaret [lit. “ones that have many joints”] Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999 [as Along with these grasses, brant were observed eating a variety of plants, including the tips of the usgunertuliaret ( t. “ones th t h ve m ny jo nts”)) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Dryopteris expansa, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris dilatata subsp. americana spreading woodfern, spreading wood fern, alpine buckler fern, fiddleneck fern, fiddlehead fern «» ceturqaaraat (pl) Nelson Island (Garibaldi 1999) ceturqaaq Bristol Bay {Manokotak} (Schichnes 1988), Nushagak {Ekwok, Koliganek, New Stuyahok} (Schichnes 1991) ceturqaar cetuguaq Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) cerurparuaq HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ scientific name the roots of longer plants that grow on the sides of ponds (eat by brant geese) «» ussut HBC {Hooper Bay} (Fienup-Riordan 1999) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ roots and tubers of herbs, sedges, and grasses cached by mice, voles and lemmings mousefood (mouse food) «» Yupiklerce fare yuvaları kazılıp çıkarılarak yenilen üç farklı bitkinin yumru kökleri: I. The roots of Hedysarum alpinum II. The tubers of Hippuris vulgaris III. The lower part of Eriophorum angustifolium or Eriophorum scheuchzeri ugnarat neqait (pl) HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 101 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ mosses and lichenes «» yosun ve likenler ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Sphagnum magellanicum sphagnum moss «» kumaurutet (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ lichens «» likenler ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 102 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Cladonia spp. lichens «» ciruneruat (Jacobson 1984) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Cladonia rangiferina reindeer moss «» tuntut neqait [lit. “c r bous’/re ndeers’ foods”] (Jacobson 1984) ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ fungi «» mantarlar ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Phellinus igniarius, Fomes igniarius chew ash fungus, punk fungus «» kumakaq Kuskokwim {Kwethluk, Akiachak} (Coffing 1991, Coffing 2001); (Garibaldi 1999 [as kuma'hak, kuma'kak chew ash fungus Fomes igniarius]) kumakaq ~ arakaq {Nunapitchuk} (Andrews 1989 [as birch fungus Poria obliqua]) ararkaq (as birch tree fungus) qasruq Russian Mission (Pete 1991 [as birch and willow fungus]) § In Yup'ik, the punk or fungus ash is called ‘araq’ and the fungus ash and tobacco mixture is called ‘iqmik’, meaning “thing to put in the mouth”. The mixture is also commonly called “blackbull”. Elders from the Yukon-Kuskokwim region indicate the use of iqmik is very common and estimate that as many as 50% to 80% of the population use it on a regular basis (Blanchette 2002). § Kwethluk: People also gathered a fungus which commonly grow son birch trees. Referred locally “punk” or “kumakaq”, this fungus was burned to an ash (araq) and mixed with leaf tobacco for chewing. People gathered “punk” to make araq for their personal use and for sale (Coffing 1991). § Russian Mission: Incidental to wood and plant collecting was gathering of birch and willow fungus or qasruq, which was made into a commodity of considerable importance to a few families' incomes. The fungus could be sold by the pound; most commonly the fungus was burned and the ashes, called araq, were sold to be mixed with tobacco and chewed (Pete 1991). www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 103 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ Pluteus cervinus deer mushroom, deer shield mushroom, fawn mushroom «» palukutaq (sg) palukutat (pl) Yukon {Scammon Bay} (Keggatmiut Plants [as Deer Mushroom (Pluteus cervinus) & Bolete (Leccinum sp.)]), HBC {Hooper Bay} (Hooper Bay Upward Bound) www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 104 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names IKIRTAAT «» REFERENCES «» KAYNAKÇA 1. Akula1 Kasigluk: Land Animals for all Year Round → ankn.uaf.edu 2. Akula2 Kasigluk: Migratory Birds → ankn.uaf.edu 3. Akula3 Kasigluk: Naucetaat Natait → ankn.uaf.edu 4. Akula4 Kasigluk: Food Preparation for Akulmiut Fish → ankn.uaf.edu 5. Akula5 Kasigluk: Subsistence – Nerangnaqsaraput → ankn.uaf.edu 6. AlaskoolGlossary Chevak glossary words → alaskool.org 7. Andrews 1983 Elizabeth Frances Andrews and Raymond Peterson, Wild resource use of Tuluksak River drainage by residents of Tuluksak, 1980-1983, Technical Paper No. 87, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, December 1983 → arlis.org 8. Andrews 1989 Elizabeth Frances Andrews, The Akulmiut: Territorial Dimensions of a Yup'ik Eskimo Society, Technical Paper No. 177, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, May 1989 → subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us 9. AnknBirds A few birds from the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta → ankn.uaf.edu 10. Blanchette 2001 Robert A. Blanchette, Fungus ashes and tobacco: the use of Phellinus igniarius by the indigenous people of North America, Mycologist, Volume 15, Part 1, February 2001. Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom. → forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu 11. Blanchette 2002 Robert A. Blanchette, Caroline C. Renner, Benjamin W. Held, Carrie Enoch and Sarah Angstman, The current use of Phellinus igniarius by the Eskimos of Western Alaska, Mycologist, Volume 16, Part 4 November 2002. Cambridge University Press Printed in the United Kingdom. → forestpathology.cfans.umn.edu 12. Chythlook 1994 Molly Chythlook & Philippe Coiley, The Subsistence Use of Beluga Whale in Bristol Bay by Alaska Native, 1993, Technical Paper No. 231, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, July 1994 → arlis.org 13. Coffing 1991 Michael W. Coffing, Kwethluk subsistence: Contemporary land use patterns, wild resource harvest and use, and the subsistence economy of a Lower Kuskokwim River area community, Technical Paper No. 157, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, December, 1991 → subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us 14. Coffing 1998 Michael W. Coffing, Cheryll L. Scott, and Charles J. Utermohle, The Subsistence Harvest of Seals and Sea lions by Alaska Natives in Three Communities of the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, 1997-98, Technical Paper No. 255, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, October 1998 → kuskokwimcouncil.org www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 105 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names 15. Coffing 2001 Michael W. Coffing, Louis Brown, Gretchen Jennings and Charles J. Utermohle, The Subsistence Harvest and Use of Wild Resources in Akiachak, Alaska, 1998, Technical Paper No. 258, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, November, 2001 → arlis.org 16. Collet 2004 Dominique M. Collet, Willows of Interior Alaska, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 2004 → alaska.fws.gov 17. Drozda 2006 Robert M. Drozda and Howard T. Amos, Nunivak Island Subsistence Cod, Red Salmon and Grayling Fisheries – Past and Present, Annual Report for Study 05-353 (this report was submitted as the annual report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management, Subsistence Fisheries Monitoring Program for project number 005- 353), Appendix E. Fish Terminology – English common/ Latin/ Eskimo Cross reference. Preliminary version. [Yupik (Jacobson 1984; *other)], May 2006 → nunivakisland.org 18. Fall 1991 James A. Fall, Molly Chythlook, Janet Schichnes, and Rick Sinnott, Walrus Hunting at Togiak, Bristol Bay, Southwest Alaska, Technical Paper No. 212, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, October 1991 → subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us 19. Fall 1996 James A. Fall, Molly Chythlook, Janet C. Schichnes, and Judith M. Morris, An Overview of the Harvest and Use of Freshwater Fish by the Communities of teh Bristol Bay Region, Southwest Alaska, Technical Paper No. 166, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, Jully 1991 → subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us 20. Fall 1997 James A. Fall, Monica Riedel, and Kate Winne, Community-Based Harbor Seal Management and Biological Sampling, Restoration Project 96244 Annual Report, Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project Annual Report, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage, Alaska, April 1997 → evostc.state.ak.us 21. Fienup-Riordan 1999 Ann Fienup-Riordan, Yaqulget Qaillun Pilartat (What the Birds Do): Yup’ik Eskimo Understanding of Geese and Those Who Study Them, Arctic, Vol. 52, No. 1 (March 1999), p. 1-22 22. Garibaldi 1999 Ann Garibaldi, Medicinal Flora of the Alaska Natives, A Compilation of knowledge from literary Sources of Aleut, Alutiiq, Athabascan, Eyak, Haida, Inupiat, Tlingit, Tsimshian, and Yupik traditional Healing Methods Using Plants, Alaska Natural Heritage Program, Environment and Natural Resources Institute, University of Alaska Anchorage, July 1999 → aknhp.uaa.alaska.edu 23. Georgette 1998 Susan Georgette, Michael Coffing, Cheryl Scott, and Charles Utermohle, The Subsistence Harvest of Seals and Sea Lions by alaska natives in the Norton Sound-Bering Strait Region, Alaska, 1996-97, Technical Paper No. 242, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, April 1998 → arlis.org 24. Hooper Bay Upward Bound Marshall Cultural Atlas: Edible Plants of Hooper Bay, by the Hooper Bay Upward Bound (Upward Bound Instructor: Frank J. Keim; students: Michael Tall, Chuck Rivers, Christine Olson, Eunice Joe, Della Mae Green, Victor Night, Francis Bell, Emma Smith, Patty Murran) → ankn.uaf.edu 25. Kari 1985 Priscilla Russell Kari, Wild resource use and economy of Stony River Village, Technical Paper No. 108, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, March 1985 → kuskokwimcouncil.org 26. Keggatmiut Flowers Marshall Cultural Atlas: The Flowers of Scammon Bay, Upward Bound Students of Keggatmiut High School (teacher: Frank J. Keim; students: Joseph Strongheart, John Strongheart, Darlene Kaganak, Sharon Ulak, Johnny Ulak, Maggie Strongheart, Francis Utteryuk, Barbara Hunter, Eva Hunter, Stephanie Tunutmoak) → ankn.uaf.edu www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 106 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names 27. Keggatmiut Plants Marshall Cultural Atlas: Edible and Useful Plants of Scammon Bay, Upward Bound Students of Keggatmiut High School (teacher: Frank J. Keim; students: Barbara Hunter, Laura Hunter, Clifford Kaganak, Joseph Strongheart, Bruno Kasayuli Jr., Steven Walker, Johnny Ulak) → ankn.uaf.edu 28. Krauthoefer 2006 Krauthoefer 2006 Tracie Krauthoefer, Jim Simon, Michael Coffing, Madel Kerlin, and Wayne Morgan, The Harvest of Non-Salmon Fish by Residents of Aniak and Chuathbaluk, Alaska, 2001-2003, Technical Paper No. 299, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, November 2006 → alaska.fws.gov 29. Krieg 2005 Theodore M. Krieg, Molly Chythlook, Philippa Coiley-Kenner, Davin Holen, Kurt Kamletz and Hans Nicholson, Freshwater Fish Harvest and use in communities of Kvichak Watershed, 2003, Technical Paper No. 297, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, April 2005 → alaska.fws.gov 30. Krieg 2007 Theodore M. Krieg, James A. Fall, Molly B. Chythlook, Robbin LaVine, and David Koster, Sharing, Bartering, and Cash Trade of Subsistence Resources in the Bristol Bay Area, Southwest Alaska, Technical Paper No. 326, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, October 2007 § pp. 99-102: Table 5.–Bristol Bay Central Yup’ik Terms Related to Sharing, Barter, Trade, and Sale of Subsistence Resources → alaska.fws.gov 31. Krougly-Enke 2008 Nikita Krougly-Enke (Н. Круглый-Энке), Preservation of the Nostratic Heritage and Renewal of Animal Names in Eskaleutian Languages, 2008, Москва → nostratic.ru 32. La Vine 2007 Robbin La Vine, Mark J. Lisac and Philippa Coiley-Kenner, Traditional Ecological Knowledge of 20th-Century Ecosystems and Fish Populations in the Kuskokwim Bay Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Office of Subsistence Management, Fisheries Resource Monitoring Program (Project no. FIS 04 – 351) Anchorage, Alaska → alaska.fws.gov 33. Miller 2006 Terryl Miller, Yup'ik (Central Eskimo) Language Guide (and more!), a useful introduction to the Central Eskimo (Yup'ik) Language, World Friendship Publishing, Bethel, Alaska, 2006 34. Moncrieff 2003 Catherine F. Moncrieff and Jill Klein, Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Salmon Along the Yukon River, Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association, May 2003 → alaska.fws.gov 35. Nrwtuacp 2007 Nushagak River Watershed Traditional Use Area Conservation Plan, Nushagak-Mulchatna Watershed Council, November, 2007 → nature.org 36. Paige 1996 Amy W. Paige, Cheryl L. Scott, David B. Andersen, Susan Georgette, and Robert J. Wolfe, Subsistence use of birds in the Bering Strait Region, Alaska, Technical Paper No. 239, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, Jully 1996 →arlis.org 37. Pete 1986 Mary C. Pete & Ronald E. Kreher, Subsistence herring fishing in the Nelson Island District 1986, Technical Paper No. 144, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Bethel, Alaska, December 1986 → arlis.org 38. Pete 1991 Mary C. Pete, Contemporary patterns of wild resource use by residents of Russian Mission, Alaska, Technical Paper No. 127, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, February 1991 → subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us 39. Ray 2010 Lily Ray, Caroline Brown, Amy Russell, Tracie Krauthoefer, Crystal Wassillie, and Jennifer Hooper, Local Knowledge and Harvest Monitoring of Nonsalmon Fishes in the Lower Kuskokwim River Region, Alaska, 2005-2009, Technical Paper No. 356, Alaska www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 107 Yupikçe Bitki ve Hayvan Adları ÜMÜT ÇINAR Yup'ik Plant and Animal Names Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Fairbanks, Alaska, November 2010 → alaska.fws.gov 40. Robertnick http://www.deltadiscovery.com/Nick/robertnick.html (but, 404 Not Found) 41. Schichnes 1988 Janet Schichnes & Molly Chythlook, Use of fish and wildlife in Manokotak, Alaska, Technical Paper No. 152, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Dillingham, Alaska, December, 1988 → subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us 42. Schichnes 1991 Janet Schichnes & Molly Chythlook, Contemporary use of fish and wildlife in Ekwok, Koliganek, and New Stuyahok, Alaska, Technical Paper No. 185, Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, October, 1991 → arlis.org 43. Seitz 1996 Jody Seitz, The use of fish and wildlife in Clark's Point, Alaska, Technical Paper No. 186, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, May 1996 → subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us 44. Simon 2007 Jim Simon, Tracie Krauthoefer, David Koster, and David Caylor, Subsistence Salmon Harvest Monitoring Report, Kuskokwim Fisheries Management Area, Alaska, 2004, Technical Paper No. 313, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, August 2007 → alaska.fws.gov 45. Viereck 1975 Leslie A. Viereck and Elbert L. Little, Jr., Atlas of United States Trees, Volume 2. Alaska Trees and Common Shrubs, United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication no. 1293, Washington, D.C., March 1975 → books.google.com.tr 46. Wbd Wanted Birds of the Delta → ykhc.org 47. Wolfe 1984 Robert J. Wolfe, Joseph J. Gross, Steven J. Langdon, John M. Wright, George K. Sherrod, Linda J. Ellanna, Valerie Sumida, Peter J. Usher, Subsistence-based Economies in Coastal Communities of Southwest Alaska, Technical Paper No. 95, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska and Minerals Management Service, Alaska Region, U.S. department of the Interior, Anchorage, Alaska, February 1984 → alaska.boemre.gov 48. Wolfe 1993 Robert J. Wolfe & Craig Mishler, The Subsistence Harvest of Harbor Seal and Sea Lion by Alaska Natives in 1992, Technical Paper No. 229, Part 1, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, July 1993 → alaska.boemre.gov 49. Wright 1994 John M. Wright & Molly B. Chythlook, Subsistence Harvest of Herring Spawn- on-kalp in the Togiak District of Bristol Bay, Technical Paper No. 116, Alaska Departement of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Juneau, Alaska, March 1985 → arlis.org www.kmoksy.com Sayfa 108