DOCSLIB.ORG

Susan Ervin-Tripp a Life of Research in Psycholinguistics and Work for the Equity of Women

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Susan Ervin-Tripp a Life of Research in Psycholinguistics and Work for the Equity of Women Oral History Center University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Class of 1931 Annual Oral History Interview on University History Susan Ervin-Tripp A Life of Research in Psycholinguistics and Work for the Equity of Women Interviews conducted by Shanna Farrell in 2016 Copyright © 2017 by The Regents of the University of California ii Since 1954 the Oral History Center of the Bancroft Library, formerly the Regional Oral History Office, has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the nation. Oral History is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well-informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is bound with photographs and illustrative materials and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ********************************* All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Susan Ervin-Tripp dated June 2, 2016. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. Excerpts up to 1000 words from this interview may be quoted for publication without seeking permission as long as the use is non-commercial and properly cited. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to The Bancroft Library, Head of Public Services, Mail Code 6000, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-6000, and should follow instructions available online at http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/ROHO/collections/cite.html It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: Susan Ervin-Tripp, “Susan Ervin-Tripp: A Life of Research in Psycholinguistics and Work for the Equity of Women” conducted by Shanna Farrell in 2016, Oral History Center, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 2017. iii Susan Ervin-Tripp, 1994 Photo courtesy Paul Bishop iv Professor Susan Ervin-Tripp was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1927. She completed her undergraduate education at Vassar College where she studied art history. She earned her doctorate in social psychology from University of Michigan. Her dissertation was on the link between bilingualism and cognition, which led her to a career in psycholinguistics. She worked on the Southwest Project in Comparative Psycholinguistics and studied languages like Navajo, Spanish, and Tewa and their effect on cognitive performance. She came to the University of California, Berkeley in 1958 as a visiting professor in the Psychology Department before moving to the Speech Department (which is now the Rhetoric Department). She was an early adopter of technology as she used audio and video recordings, as well as computer data, for her research on children’s language in the 1980s. She has had a guest lectureship at Harvard University, done work at Stanford University at their Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, presented at multiple international conferences and participated in a 1985 Scientific Exchange program with France. Before retiring from UC Berkeley in 1999, she helped make significant advanced for women’s equality on campus and was involved in multiple efforts to create such change. She also worked as the University Ombudsman. v Table of Contents—Susan Ervin-Tripp Interview History by Dan I. Slobin viii Interview 1: May 17, 2016 Hour 1 1 Birth in Minneapolis, MN in 1927 — Family ancestry — Reminiscing about childhood summers at lake house in Saint Cloud — Attending public grade school during the Depression — Exploring interest in arts throughout high school — Upbringing in the Episcopal Church and attending Sunday school — Decision to attend Vassar College — Praising single sex-education: “Nobody was prejudiced against you for being smart” —Writing for university newspapers and door-to- door political activities in ’48 — Changing majors from art history to social psychology — Applying to graduate school and acceptance into Harvard and the University of Michigan — Choosing Michigan for its group dynamics — Studying Nisei in Michigan and finding a link between bilingualism and cognition — Finishing coursework in Michigan and moving to Washington, D.C. to research — Working for the American Psychological Association, then the Bureau of Social Science Research — Emerging field of psycholinguistics — Completing dissertation on French bilinguals and their notion of autonomy in 1955 — Joining Southwest project in Comparative Psycholinguistics from ’54 to ’59 and studying languages like Navajo, Spanish, and Tewa — Effect of language on cognitive performance — Osgood’s theory of connotations and working collecting data on antonyms in Navajo — Working half-time as a lecturer at Harvard Graduate School of Education — Research with Fletcher Watson to study children’s learning processes Hour 2 16 Differences between Michigan and Harvard — Southwest Project as an “immersion experience in another culture” — Coming to Cal as a visiting professor in 1958 Interview 2: May 25, 2016 Hour 1 20 More on lectureship at Harvard — Hearing Noam Chomsky speak at the Sanders Theater — Initially working in Cal’s Psychology Department, then moving to the Speech Department —Writing articles on connotations of gender, the semantic connotations of grammatical gender, and on teaching and recall in bilinguals — Research at The Institute of Human Development and the Center for Human Learning — Using audio recording technology to study children’s language — Recording data on punch cards and storing information on massive computers in Evans Hall —Receiving a grant from the National Science Foundation to study vi Bay Area Japanese bilinguals — Invitation to work at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford in 1974 — Commuting between Berkeley and Stanford — Editing and publishing Child Discourse with Claudia Mitchell-Kernan in 1977 — Sabbatical leave in Switzerland in ’64 — Visiting Piaget Group in Geneva — Presenting at Puerto Rico conference in ’74, then going on scholars trip to China in ’77 — Participation in US-France Scientific Exchange in ’85 — Grant from NIHM and NSF to study children’s interactions, with a particular focus on requests — Teaching an American Cultures course on the sociology of bilingualism at Berkeley Hour 2 36 Importance of “monolingual grandmother” on retaining family language — Inspiration from students and colleagues — Influence of humanities background on conducting research and writing for the sciences — Discussing the future of sociolinguistics — More on research funding from the University and finding other resources — Retirement in ’99 Interview 3: June 2, 2016 Hour 1 43 Equity issues at Harvard School of Education: “They wouldn’t let women in the front door of the faculty club. We had to come in the side door.” — Sexism in hiring for Berkeley’s Psychology Department — Elizabeth Scott’s findings on decline in women on the faculty, from 9.3 percent in 1938 to 3.6 percent in 1968 — Starting the women’s faculty group, later Association of Academic Women in ’68 — Political activism on campus in the fifties and sixties — 1963 Equal Pay Act, 1964 Civil Rights Act, and Title IX — Herma Hill Kay’s suggestion to study of the status of women on the Berkeley campus — Creation of a senate committee to determine whether federal legislative changes were met — Addressing maternity leave policy, lack of tenured female faculty, and nepotism, among other issues — Scott’s Discrimination Against Women report for the Carnegie Commission— Identifying sexism as a pervasive issue across American college campuses — Gender pay gaps within academic departments — Status of Women and Ethnic Minorities (SWEM) Committee — Women as ladder rank faculty — Eleanor Swift and Jennifer Harrison lawsuits — Reagan’s veto of childcare centers on campus — Contrasts with League of Academic Women — Support from male colleagues — Involvement in other gender equality organizations — Appointment to Title IX committee from 1972 to ’74 — Creation of Women’s Studies Department in 1991 Hour 2 60 Resolving People’s Park — Memories of National Guard tear-gassing the campus in April ’70 — Testifying in in Sacramento and the state senate Education Committee on sex-based discrimination — Free Speech Movement and the vii persistence of the issues today — Sports and sexual harassment culture — Work as an ombudsman — 1995 talk: “Women Activists of the Seventies: Multiple Routes to Affirmative Action” — Reflecting on fight for equity and more on retirement — Future of sociolinguistics viii Introduction to Interview of Susan Ervin-Tripp by Dan I. Slobin, Professor Emeritus of Psychology, UC Berkeley Throughout her long and productive career, Susan Ervin-Tripp has repeatedly been a path- breaker.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Neurolinguistic Approach to Beckett's Bilingual Writings Journal
    Peer Reviewed Title: Comment Dire: A Neurolinguistic Approach to Beckett’s Bilingual Writings Journal Issue: L2 Journal, 7(1) Author: Kager, Maria, Utrecht University Publication Date: 2015 Permalink: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9wx9s230 Author Bio: Lecturer, English department. Keywords: Samuel Beckett, bilingualism, neurolinguistics Local Identifier: uccllt_l2_24380 Abstract: Recent studies from the field of neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics suggest that bilinguals and multilinguals are in many ways fundamentally different from monolinguals, a difference that starts with a different cerebral structure for language. This difference will constitute the point of departure for my paper: If multilingual people are intrinsically different from monolingual people, it should follow that multilingual writers must be intrinsically different from monolingual writers. Samuel Beckett’s bilingualism was the governing force of much of his writing and has received ample critical attention. Yet this article will examine a hitherto neglected aspect of this topic: the way Beckett’s bilingualism may have inflected his writing in the first place. It will call on some of the research in neuro- and psycholinguistics to illuminate Beckett’s constant back and forth between English and French and the importance this may have had for his writing as well as to show how Beckett’s bilingual background is organically connected to the writing. Copyright Information: All rights reserved unless otherwise indicated. Contact the author or original publisher for any necessary permissions. eScholarship is not the copyright owner for deposited works. Learn more at http://www.escholarship.org/help_copyright.html#reuse eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactive Reading Models and Reader Response Criticism: Tracing Parallels Between Reading Theories in Applied Linguistics and Literary Criticism Samuel D
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2001 Interactive reading models and reader response criticism: tracing parallels between reading theories in applied linguistics and literary criticism Samuel D. Miller Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Applied Linguistics Commons, and the Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics Commons Recommended Citation Miller, Samuel D., "Interactive reading models and reader response criticism: tracing parallels between reading theories in applied linguistics and literary criticism" (2001). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 286. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/286 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Interactive reading models and reader response criticism: Tracing parallels between reading theories in applied linguistics and literary criticism by Samuel David Miller A thesis submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Major: English (TESL/Applied Linguistics and Literature) Program of Study Committee: Roberta Vann (Major Professor) Brenda Daly Robert Hollinger Iowa State University
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to Neurolinguistics
    Introduction to Neurolinguistics Aniela Improta França UFRJ (Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) This is an account of Introduction to Neurolinguistics, a week-long course that took place during the First South American Summer School in Formal Linguistics (EVELIN ’04), UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil. Classes ranged from an overview of brain anatomy and an introduction to neurolinguistics protocols to the comparative analysis of neurolinguistics and medical research about the Language Faculty. 1. About the course Neurolinguistics is a branch of Cognitive Neuroscience, that, on its turn, together with many other fields such as Systemic, Movement, Sensory, Cellular and others, is a branch of a larger domain named the Neurosciences. Neurolinguistics can still be divided into two areas: language acquisition and processing and language impairment. THE NEUROSCIENCES Cognitive Systemic Movement Sensory Cellular Neurolinguistics Vision Hearing Attention Memory Language Acquisition Language Impairment Language Processing The focus on language impairment is a historic one, dating from 400 b.C., with Hippocrates’ accounts on infirmities that produced lack of language. Contrastingly, the questions about the healthy Faculty of Language – how we come to acquire and use our mother tongue – have been systematically taken for granted through a long stretch of history, despite the fact that language is the one cognition that definitely sets us apart from other animals on this planet. In reality, language investigation has only taken a definite bio-linguistic course in the 1950’s with the advent of Noam Chomsky’s Generative Grammar (Chomsky, 1957, 1965). And the neurophysiological characterization of the healthy Faculty of Language, that is, the understanding of language-brain relations at work, only started being investigated specially in the late 1980’s, with the introduction of non-invasive cognitive assessment techniques that brought new and exciting perspectives into the field.
    [Show full text]
  • INVESTIGATING LANGUAGE CENTRAL PROBLEMS in LINGUISTICS 'A Most Readable Guide to the Questions, Data and Theories of Contemporary Linguistics/Charles W
    INVESTIGATING LANGUAGE CENTRAL PROBLEMS IN LINGUISTICS 'A most readable guide to the questions, data and theories of contemporary linguistics/Charles W. Kreidler, Georgetown University 'The competing paradigms for investigating language are introduced with great skill and without unnecessary technical details or ¡argon. I enjoyed readingBraj it/ B. Kachru, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign This book is intended for anyone with a serious interest in language, but particularly for students taking introductory courses in language and linguistics. It is not a catalogue of facts and theories but a book about ideas and issues. Rather than summarize the range o f research being conducted in linguistics today, it explores a number of the fundamental questions which concern linguists, setting out w hat the key issues are in trying to find suitable answers. Although the issues are discussed within the framework of modern linguistics, they are treated in a way that is as accessible as possible. The book includes a glossary of technical terms and a chapter outlining the way language is described in generative grammar. Ronald Wardhaugh The author is Professor of Linguistics at the University of Toronto. Also by Ronald Wardhaugh Introduction to SociolinguisticsSecond Edition Languages in Competition How Conversation Works Cover illustration: Vincent Van Gogh,The Dance Hall, Arles, December 1 888, F547JH1 652, canvas, 65 x 81 cms, Paris, Musée d'Orsay; photograph: Réunions des musées nationaux, Paris. Cover design by Richard Boxall Design Associates. ISBN D-b31-lâ7SM-S 9780631187547 BLACKWELL 187547 Oxford UK &• Cambridge USA K p < j A u ^ i Investigating Language uU.s.y.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeling Languages: “A Diaspora of Selves” Among Bi- and Multi-Lingual Students at the University of Colorado Boulder
    LaChapelle 1 Feeling Languages: “A Diaspora of Selves” Among Bi- and Multi-lingual Students at the University of Colorado Boulder Chloe LaChapelle Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder 8 April 2019 Advisor Kira Hall – Department of Anthropology, Linguistics Committee Members Esther Brown – Department of Spanish Abby Hickcox – Arts & Sciences Honors Program Kaifa Roland – Department of Anthropology LaChapelle 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.0 – Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 4 1.1 – Personal statement of intent ................................................................................................. 5 1.2 – Brief Outline .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.0 – Past Scholarship ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 – Critiques – Languages Do Not Affect Us ........................................................................... 12 2.2 – Language & Identity ............................................................................................................ 14 2.3 – Language & Cognition .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Psychology of Language
    Psychology of Language A Critical Introduction MICHAEL A. FORRESTER SAGE Publications London ' Thousand Oaks • New Delhi Copyrighted Material © Michael A. Forrester 1996 First published 1996 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the Publishers. SAGE Publications Ltd 6 Bonhil1 Street London EC2A 4PU SAGE Publications Inc 2455 Tel1er Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd 32, M-Block Market Greater Kailash - I New Delhi 110048 British Library Cataloguing in Publication data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 0 8039 79908 ISBN 0 8039 7991 6 (pbk) Library of Congress catalog record available Typeset by Mayhew Typesetting, Rhayader, Powys Printed in Great Britain by The Cromwel1 Press Ltd, Broughton Gifford, Melksham, Wiltshire Copyrighted Material Contents Acknowledgements Vlll 1 Introduction 1 The study of language in different disciplines 3 Influences on the emergence of psycholinguistics 5 A cognitive account of language processing 12 The aim of this book: extending the scope of the psychology of language 15 2 Language Structure and the Significance of Recursion 18 Cognitive representations of grammar 19 Psychology and language: the relationship between theory, data and explanation 25 The cognition-dominant view 26 Cognitive science and methodological solipsism
    [Show full text]
  • What Have We Learned About Language-Specific Thought Since Ervin Tripp’S 1964 Psychological Tests of Japanese-English Bilinguals?
    THINKING IN JAPANESE? WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED ABOUT LANGUAGE-SPECIFIC THOUGHT SINCE ERVIN TRIPP’S 1964 PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS OF JAPANESE-ENGLISH BILINGUALS? STEVE HENSER NISSAN OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES NO. 32 2000 NISSAN OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES PAST PAPERS No.17 Ian Reader, Sendatsu and the Development of Contemporary Japanese Pilgrimage. No.18 Watanabe Osamu, Nakasone Yasuhiro and Post-War Conservative Politics: An Historical Interpretation. No.19 Hirota Teruyuki, Marriage, Education and Social Mobility in a Former Samurai Society after the Meiji Restoration. No.20 Rikki Kersten, Diverging Discourses: Shimizu Ikutaro, Maruyama Masao and Post-War Tenko. No.21 David W. Campbell, Explaining Japan’s Saving Rate. No.22 Penny Francks, The Origins of Agricultural Protection in Japan. No.23 E.S. Crawcour, Kôgyô Iken: Maeda Masana and His View of Meiji Economic Development. No.24 Irena Powell, A Japanese Literary Response to the Vietnam War. No.25 Brian Powell, Intellectuals and Politics in Late Edo Japan: A Playwright’s View. Mayama Seika’s ‘Genboku and Chôei’. No.26 Tomida Hiroko, Japanese Writing on Women’s History. No.27 Tessa Carroll, From Script to Speech: Language Policy in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s. No.28 Ian Neary, Political Culture and Human Rights in Japan, Korea and Taiwan. No.29 Andrew Mair, Learning from Japan? Interpretations of Honda Motors by Strategic Management Theorists. No.30 Ben-Ami Shillony, Divinity and Gender: The Riddle of the Japanese Emperors. No.31 Christopher Aldous & Frank Leishman, Enigma Variations: Reassessing the Kôban. NISSAN OCCASIONAL PAPER SERIES Every Friday of term from 5.00 pm, a public seminar is held at the Nissan Institute of Japanese Studies in Oxford.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevance of Psycholinguistic Insights
    THE RELEVANCE OF PSYCHOLINGUISTIC INSIGHTS INTO THE READING PROCESS FOR CURRICULUM PLANNING AND TEACHING PRACTICE by Harvey Mendham B.A. (U.N.E.) A report submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Education School of Education University of New South Wales 1978 ii. This report, entitled "The Relevance of Psycholinguistic Insights into the Reading Process for Curriculum Planning and Teaching Practice", has not been submitted for an award to any other institution. Signed\'IJ~ iii. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Professor L.M. Brown for his assistance and encouragement; Or. Peter Rousch and Dr. Brian Cambourne for their advice and for supplying me with sources from the United States which I was unable to procure here; Dr James Fitzgerald for his advice and help with European sources; librarians of the Riverine College of Advanced Education; and Vivienne Mendham for her unfailing encouragement - and for her typing the manuscript. iv. ABSTRACT The research of psychologists, linguists and psycholinguists is examined to find implications for curriculum planners and teaching practitioners in the area of reading. It is argued that Noam Chomsky was instrumental in establishing a new "paradigm" so that research into reading has followed a new direction. Thus many older findings can be seen to have a new significance while more recent research (which is sometimes quite "mentalistic") emphasises the very complex nature of the reading process. Previous ideas that readers simply took up graphic information from the page and recoded it to sound are discounted. Beginning and mature readers, alike, are viewed as active participants in a constructive act of information­ processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Second Language Acquisition: an Introductory Course, Third Edition
    SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION Praise for the Third Edition: “A tour de force. The authors have taken the best text available for an introduc- tory course in second language acquisition (SLA) and made it even stronger.... The improvements in the third edition are palpable from the very beginning of the text.... The third edition of Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course should form the basis for any introduction to SLA, at either the graduate or undergraduate level.” —Fred Eckman, Center for the Advanced Study of Language, University of Maryland “This text presents a comprehensive overview of SLA in an accessible, highly readable manner appropriate for readers new to this discipline.... The new edition includes even more data samples than the previous edition, both integrated into the main text and in the discussion questions at the end of each chapter.” —Deborah Pilcher, Gallaudet University “Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course presents the most balanced, grounded, and accessible introduction to a broad field. The field has grown rapidly since publication of the second edition in 2001, and a new, updated, and expanded edition is most welcome. [T]he third edition . make[s] this breadth of know- ledge accessible to students with little background in the feeder disciplines ... Second Language Acquisition has now become a living standard in our field.” —Richard Young, Professor of English Linguistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison About the Authors: Susan M. Gass is University Distinguished Professor in the Department of Linguistics and Germanic, Slavic, Asian and African Languages at Michigan State University. She has conducted research in a wide variety of sub-areas of second language acquisition, including language transfer, language universals, second language research methods, and input and interaction.
    [Show full text]
  • Psycholinguistics Introduction and Applications
    Psycholinguistics Introduction and Applications Second Edition Lise Menn, PhD With contributions by Nina F. Dronkers, PhD 5521 Ruffin Road San Diego, CA 92123 e-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.pluralpublishing.com Copyright © by Plural Publishing, Inc. 2017 Typeset in 11.5/14 Palatino by Flanagan’s Publishing Services, Inc. Printed in the United States of America by McNaughton & Gunn, Inc. All rights, including that of translation, reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written consent of the publisher. For permission to use material from this text, contact us by Telephone: (866) 758-7251 Fax: (888) 758-7255 e-mail: [email protected] Every attempt has been made to contact the copyright holders for material originally printed in another source. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will gladly make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Menn, Lise, author. Psycholinguistics : introduction and applications / Lise Menn, with contri- butions by Nina F. Dronkers.— Second edition. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-59756-712-1 (alk. paper) — ISBN 1-59756-712-4 (alk. paper) I. Dronkers, Nina, contributor. II. Title. [DNLM: 1. Psycholinguistics
    [Show full text]
  • Speech, Gesture and the Origins of Language
    European Review, Vol. 12, No. 4, 543–549 (2004) © Academia Europaea, Printed in the United Kingdom Speech, gesture and the origins of language WILLEM J. M. LEVELT Max-Planck-Institut fu¨r Psycholinguistics, Wundtlaan 1, 6525 Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E-mail:[email protected] During the second half of the 19th century, the psychology of language was invented as a discipline for the sole purpose of explaining the evolution of spoken language. These efforts culminated in Wilhelm Wundt’s monumental Die Sprache of 1900, which outlined the psychological mechanisms involved in producing utterances and considered how these mechanisms could have evolved. Wundt assumes that articulatory movements were originally rather arbitrary concomitants of larger, meaningful expressive bodily gestures. The sounds such articulations happened to produce slowly acquired the meaning of the gesture as a whole, ultimately making the gesture superfluous. Over a century later, gestural theories of language origins still abound. I argue that such theories are unlikely and wasteful, given the biological, neurological and genetic evidence. Psychology and the genesis of language The evolution or genesis of spoken language has always been a core concern for students of the psychology of language, or psycholinguists as they have been calling themselves since the 1960s. In fact, the psychology of language was invented by linguists to account for the evolution of language. Levelt1 described this state of affairs as follows: When, after the period of Idealism, logic lost its ground as a basis for the understanding of grammar, linguists began to view language as a spontaneous product of nature. Language is a natural product of consciousness, according to leading nineteenth century linguists such as Herder, Steinthal, and Lazarus.
    [Show full text]
  • TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY PSYCHOLINGUISTICS TWENTY-FIRST Four Cornerstones CENTURY
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by MPG.PuRe CUTLER TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY PSYCHOLINGUISTICS TWENTY-FIRST Four Cornerstones CENTURY PSYCHOLINGUISTICS TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY PSYCHOLINGUISTICS Four Cornerstones Psycholinguistics is an interdisciplinary field, and hence relationships are at its heart. First and foremost is the relation between its two par- ent disciplines, psychology and linguistics, one which has changed and advanced over the half century of the field’s independent existence. At the beginning of the 21st century, psycholinguistics forms part of the rapidly developing enterprise known as cognitive neuroscience, in which the relation between biology and behavior plays a central role. Psycholinguistics is about language in communication, so that the rela- tion between language production and comprehension has always been important, and as psycholinguistics is an experimental discipline, it is likewise essential to find the right relation between model and experi- ment. This book focuses in turn on each of these four cornerstone relations: Psychology and Linguistics, Biology and Behavior, Production and Comprehension, Model and Experiment. The authors are from different disciplinary backgrounds, but share a commitment to clarify the ways that their research illuminates the essential nature of the psycholinguistic enterprise. Edited by ANNE CUTLER To order please call our toll-free number 1-800-926-6579 www.erlbaum.com Edited by ANNE CUTLER L The Cornerstones of Twenty-First Century Psycholinguistics 1 Anne Cutler, Wolfgang Klein, and Stephen C. Levinson Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands The name says it all—psycholinguistics is a discipline which draws on multiple sources.
    [Show full text]