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Annotated Checklist of Fossil Fishes from the Smoky Hill Chalk of the Niobrara Chalk (Upper Cretaceous) in Kansas
Lucas, S. G. and Sullivan, R.M., eds., 2006, Late Cretaceous vertebrates from the Western Interior. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 35. 193 ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF FOSSIL FISHES FROM THE SMOKY HILL CHALK OF THE NIOBRARA CHALK (UPPER CRETACEOUS) IN KANSAS KENSHU SHIMADA1 AND CHRISTOPHER FIELITZ2 1Environmental Science Program and Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University,2325 North Clifton Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60614; and Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University, 3000 Sternberg Drive, Hays, Kansas 67601;2Department of Biology, Emory & Henry College, P.O. Box 947, Emory, Virginia 24327 Abstract—The Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk is an Upper Cretaceous marine deposit found in Kansas and adjacent states in North America. The rock, which was formed under the Western Interior Sea, has a long history of yielding spectacular fossil marine vertebrates, including fishes. Here, we present an annotated taxo- nomic list of fossil fishes (= non-tetrapod vertebrates) described from the Smoky Hill Chalk based on published records. Our study shows that there are a total of 643 referable paleoichthyological specimens from the Smoky Hill Chalk documented in literature of which 133 belong to chondrichthyans and 510 to osteichthyans. These 643 specimens support the occurrence of a minimum of 70 species, comprising at least 16 chondrichthyans and 54 osteichthyans. Of these 70 species, 44 are represented by type specimens from the Smoky Hill Chalk. However, it must be noted that the fossil record of Niobrara fishes shows evidence of preservation, collecting, and research biases, and that the paleofauna is a time-averaged assemblage over five million years of chalk deposition. -
From the Crato Formation (Lower Cretaceous)
ORYCTOS.Vol. 3 : 3 - 8. Décembre2000 FIRSTRECORD OT CALAMOPLEU RUS (ACTINOPTERYGII:HALECOMORPHI: AMIIDAE) FROMTHE CRATO FORMATION (LOWER CRETACEOUS) OF NORTH-EAST BRAZTL David M. MARTILL' and Paulo M. BRITO'z 'School of Earth, Environmentaland PhysicalSciences, University of Portsmouth,Portsmouth, POl 3QL UK. 2Departmentode Biologia Animal e Vegetal,Universidade do Estadode Rio de Janeiro, rua SâoFrancisco Xavier 524. Rio de Janeiro.Brazll. Abstract : A partial skeleton representsthe first occurrenceof the amiid (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi: Amiidae) Calamopleurus from the Nova Olinda Member of the Crato Formation (Aptian) of north east Brazil. The new spe- cimen is further evidencethat the Crato Formation ichthyofauna is similar to that of the slightly younger Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation of the same sedimentary basin. The extended temporal range, ?Aptian to ?Cenomanian,for this genus rules out its usefulnessas a biostratigraphic indicator for the Araripe Basin. Key words: Amiidae, Calamopleurus,Early Cretaceous,Brazil Première mention de Calamopleurus (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi: Amiidae) dans la Formation Crato (Crétacé inférieur), nord est du Brésil Résumé : la première mention dans le Membre Nova Olinda de la Formation Crato (Aptien ; nord-est du Brésil) de I'amiidé (Actinopterygii: Halecomorphi: Amiidae) Calamopleurus est basée sur la découverted'un squelettepar- tiel. Le nouveau spécimen est un élément supplémentaireindiquant que I'ichtyofaune de la Formation Crato est similaire à celle du Membre Romualdo de la Formation Santana, située dans le même bassin sédimentaire. L'extension temporelle de ce genre (?Aptien à ?Cénomanien)ne permet pas de le considérer comme un indicateur biostratigraphiquepour le bassin de l'Araripe. Mots clés : Amiidae, Calamopleurus, Crétacé inférieu4 Brésil INTRODUCTION Araripina and at Mina Pedra Branca, near Nova Olinda where cf. -
Origin, Evolution and Homologies of the Weberian Apparatus: a New Insight
Int. J. Morphol., 27(2):333-354, 2009. Origin, Evolution and Homologies of the Weberian Apparatus: A New Insight Origen, Evolución y Homologías del Aparato Weberiano: Un Nuevo Acercamiento Rui Diogo DIOGO, R. Origin, evolution and homologies of the Weberian apparatus: a new insight. Int. J. Morphol., 27(2):333-354, 2009. SUMMARY: The Weberian apparatus is essentially a mechanical device improving audition, consisting of a double chain of ossicles joining the air bladder to the inner ear. Despite being one of the most notable complex systems of teleost fishes and the subject of several comparative, developmental and functional studies, there is still much controversy concerning the origin, evolution and homologies of the structures forming this apparatus. In this paper I provide a new insight on these topics, which takes into account the results of recent works on comparative anatomy, paleontology, and ontogeny as well as of a recent extensive phylogenetic analysis including not only numerous otophysan and non-otophysan extant otocephalans but also ostariophysan fossils such as †Chanoides macropoma, †Clupavus maroccanus, †Santanichthys diasii, †Lusitanichthys characiformis, †Sorbininardus apuliensis and †Tischlingerichthys viohli. According to the evidence now available, the Weberian apparatus of otophysans seems to be the outcome of a functional integration of features acquired in basal otocephalans and in basal ostariophysans, which were very likely not directly related with the functioning of this apparatus, and of features acquired in the nodes leading to the Otophysi and to the clade including the four extant otophysan orders, which could well have been the result of a selection directly related to the functioning of the apparatus. -
35-51 New Data on Pleuropholis Decastroi (Teleostei, Pleuropholidae)
Geo-Eco-Trop., 2019, 43, 1 : 35-51 New data on Pleuropholis decastroi (Teleostei, Pleuropholidae), a “pholidophoriform” fish from the Lower Cretaceous of the Eurafrican Mesogea Nouvelles données sur Pleuropholis decastroi (Teleostei, Pleuropholidae), un poisson “pholidophoriforme” du Crétacé inférieur de la Mésogée eurafricaine Louis TAVERNE 1 & Luigi CAPASSO 2 Résumé: Le crâne et le corps de Pleuropholis decastroi, un poisson fossile de l’Albien (Crétacé inférieur) du sud de l’Italie, sont redécrits en détails. P. decastroi diffère des autres espèces du genre par ses deux nasaux en contact médian et qui séparent complètement le dermethmoïde ( = rostral) des frontaux. Avec son maxillaire extrêmement élargi qui couvre la mâchoire inférieure et son supramaxillaire fortement réduit, P. decastroi semble plus nettement apparenté avec Pleuropholis cisnerosorum, du Jurassique supérieur du Mexique, qu’avec les autres espèces du genre. Par ses mâchoires raccourcies et ses nombreux os orbitaires, Pleuropholis apparaît également comme le genre le plus spécialisé de la famille. La position systématique des Pleuropholidae au sein du groupe des « pholidophoriformes » est discutée. Mots-clés: Pleuropholis decastroi, Albien, Italie du sud, Pleuropholis, Pleuropholidae, “Pholidophoriformes”, ostéologie, position systématique. Abstract: The skull and the body of Pleuropholis decastroi, a fossil fish from the marine Albian (Lower Cretaceous) of southern Italy, are re-described in details. P. decastroi differs from the other species of the genus by their two nasals that are in contact along the mid-line, completely separating the dermethmoid (= rostral) from the frontals. With its extremely broadened maxilla that covers the lower jaw and its strongly reduced supramaxilla, P. decastroi seems more closely related to Pleuropholis cisnerosorum, from the Upper Jurassic of Mexico, than to the other species of the genus. -
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THREE-DIMENSIONAL MUSCLE PRESERVATION IN JURASSIC FISHES OF CHILE Museum 01 Natural History, and Department 01 Systematics and Ecology, HANS-PETER SCHULTZE The University 01 Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2454, U.S.A. ABSTRACT Late Jurassic fishes of Northern Chile are preserved in calcareous concretions within black shales of Oxfordian age. Co-occurring invertebrates (decapod crustaceans, ostrean bivalves, and algae) indicate benthic life. Soft tissues of the fishes were impregnated by calcium phosphate during life, whereas the decay of the remaining soft tissue induced the formation of the calcareous concretions around the fishes. Occurrence of vitamin 03 or a hydroxylated form of Ihis vitamin is postulated to have occurred in Ihe Jurassic phytoplankton; vitamin 03 induced a break-down of the regulation of the calcium metabolism in the fishes as is the case in calcinosis 01 cattle. High concentration of phosphate in phytoplankton 01 the upwelling zone on the western margin of the shelf of South America could explain the additional supply of phosphate in the fossil fishes which is missing from surrounding concretions and sediment. Key words: Preservation, 50ft tissue,lmpregnation in lite (calcinosis), Teleostean fishes, Oxtordian, Northern Chile. RESUMEN Los peces del Jurásico Superior del norte de Chile están preservados en lutitas negras. La presencia de invertebra dos (crustáceos decápodos, ostras y algas) junto con los peces es indicio de vida bentónica. Los tejidos blandos de los peces se impregnaron con fosfato de calcio en vida de los individuos, mientras que la descomposición de otros tejidos blandos indujo a la formación de concreciones calcáreas alrededor de los peces. -
(Early Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, Northeastern Brazil): Stratigraphic, Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoecological Implications
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 218 (2005) 145–160 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Controlled excavations in the Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation (Early Cretaceous, Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil): stratigraphic, palaeoenvironmental and palaeoecological implications Emmanuel Faraa,*, Antoˆnio A´ .F. Saraivab, Dio´genes de Almeida Camposc, Joa˜o K.R. Moreirab, Daniele de Carvalho Siebrab, Alexander W.A. Kellnerd aLaboratoire de Ge´obiologie, Biochronologie, et Pale´ontologie humaine (UMR 6046 du CNRS), Universite´ de Poitiers, 86022 Poitiers cedex, France bDepartamento de Cieˆncias Fı´sicas e Biologicas, Universidade Regional do Cariri - URCA, Crato, Ceara´, Brazil cDepartamento Nacional de Produc¸a˜o Mineral, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil dDepartamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Received 23 August 2004; received in revised form 10 December 2004; accepted 17 December 2004 Abstract The Romualdo Member of the Santana Formation (Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil) is famous for the abundance and the exceptional preservation of the fossils found in its early diagenetic carbonate concretions. However, a vast majority of these Early Cretaceous fossils lack precise geographical and stratigraphic data. The absence of such contextual proxies hinders our understanding of the apparent variations in faunal composition and abundance patterns across the Araripe Basin. We conducted controlled excavations in the Romualdo Member in order to provide a detailed account of its main stratigraphic, sedimentological and palaeontological features near Santana do Cariri, Ceara´ State. We provide the first fine-scale stratigraphic sequence ever established for the Romualdo Member and we distinguish at least seven concretion-bearing horizons. Notably, a 60-cm-thick group of layers (bMatraca˜oQ), located in the middle part of the member, is virtually barren of fossiliferous concretions. -
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06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 15 Phylum Chordata Chordates are placed in the superphylum Deuterostomia. The possible rela- tionships of the chordates and deuterostomes to other metazoans are dis- cussed in Halanych (2004). He restricts the taxon of deuterostomes to the chordates and their proposed immediate sister group, a taxon comprising the hemichordates, echinoderms, and the wormlike Xenoturbella. The phylum Chordata has been used by most recent workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates or sea-squirts), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Craniata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The Cephalochordata and Craniata form a mono- phyletic group (e.g., Cameron et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004). Much disagree- ment exists concerning the interrelationships and classification of the Chordata, and the inclusion of the urochordates as sister to the cephalochor- dates and craniates is not as broadly held as the sister-group relationship of cephalochordates and craniates (Halanych, 2004). Many excitingCOPYRIGHTED fossil finds in recent years MATERIAL reveal what the first fishes may have looked like, and these finds push the fossil record of fishes back into the early Cambrian, far further back than previously known. There is still much difference of opinion on the phylogenetic position of these new Cambrian species, and many new discoveries and changes in early fish systematics may be expected over the next decade. As noted by Halanych (2004), D.-G. (D.) Shu and collaborators have discovered fossil ascidians (e.g., Cheungkongella), cephalochordate-like yunnanozoans (Haikouella and Yunnanozoon), and jaw- less craniates (Myllokunmingia, and its junior synonym Haikouichthys) over the 15 06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 16 16 Fishes of the World last few years that push the origins of these three major taxa at least into the Lower Cambrian (approximately 530–540 million years ago). -
Downloaded from NCBI Genbank (Benson Et Al
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO EVOLUTION IN FRESH WATERS DURING THE GREAT AMERICAN INTERCHANGE A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND THE PRITZKER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY COMMITTEE ON EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY BY TIMOTHY SOSA CHICAGO, ILLINOIS DECEMBER 2017 Table of Contents List of Tables . iii List of Figures . iv Acknowledgments . vi Chapter 1: Introduction . 1 Chapter 2: Broadly sampled phylogeny of Characiformes reveals repeated colonization of North America and paraphyly of Characiformes sensu stricto . 8 Chapter 3: No evidence for filtering of eco-morphology in characiform lineages during the Great American Interchange . 17 Chapter 4: Both elevation and species identity strongly predict body shape in Astyanax tetras . 27 Chapter 5: Diet may mediate potential range expansions of Neotropical fishes under climate change . 39 Chapter 6: Discussion . 52 References . 57 Appendix: List of specimens newly sequenced for this study . 67 ii List of Tables 1.1 Recognized families in the order Characiformes . 5 2.1 Fossil occurrences used for time-calibration . 11 4.1 Distances in morphospace among tetra populations . 32 5.1 Variables determining the range limits of Astyanax . 45 5.2 Variables determining the range limits of Brycon . 47 5.3 Variables determining the range limits of Roeboides . 49 iii List of Figures 1.1 Hypothetical relationships among ostariophysan groups . 4 2.1 Phylogeny of Characiformes as inferred from myh6 locus . 13 3.1 Landmark configuration for geometric morphometrics . 19 3.2 Morphospace occupation in North and South American characins . 21 3.3 Deformation grids showing axes of shape variation among characins . -
Giant Fossil Coelacanths from the Late Cretaceous of the Eastern
^rfij^i^v^^™, - » v ' - - 4 j/ N ^P"" ,- V ^™ V- -*^ >•;:-* ' ^ * -r;' David R. Schwimmer, Geologist, Columbus State University Introduction In Autumn, 1987, a sizeable mass of fossil bone was discovered by amateur collectors in the bed of a small creek in eastern Alabama. The bone-bearing rock, some 300 kg in weight, was collected by a party led by G. Dent Williams and transferred to the paleontology laboratory at Columbus State University. Williams prepared most of the material using air percussion tools, and I further cleared some bones with acetic acid. A mandible (lower jaw bone) of 502 mm length was the first bone prepared from the material. It strangely lacked evidence of both teeth and tooth sockets, and it was covered medially with coarse denticulation resembling #40 grit sandpaper. The jawbone conformed with no recognizable North American Late Cretaceous fish or four-legged animal, and, given the large size of the mandible, my initial search for an identification ranged from ankylosaurid dinosaurs, to mosasaurs, to the larger contemporary fish, such as Xiphactinus. Nothing known in the Late Cretaceous of North America matched the mandible nor any other bone which was subsequently prepared from this matrix. J.D. Stewart of the L.A. County Museum was prior fossil record of a North American coelacanth is concurrently studying fossils of small marine Diplurus newarki, from freshwater deposits of earliest coelacanths from the Late Cretaceous of western Kansas, Jurassic age (ca. 205 Myr.: Schaeffer, 1941, 1952). USA (which were also a new discovery at the time: see Forey (1981) and Maisey (1991) recognized two sub- Stewart et al., 1991). -
A Phylogenomic Perspective on the Radiation of Ray-Finned Fishes Based Upon Targeted Sequencing of Ultraconserved Elements
1 A phylogenomic perspective on the radiation of 2 ray-finned fishes based upon targeted sequencing of 3 ultraconserved elements 1;2;∗ 1;2 1 1 4 Michael E. Alfaro , Brant C. Faircloth , Laurie Sorenson , Francesco Santini 1 5 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 2 6 These authors contributed equally to this work 7 ∗ E-mail: [email protected] arXiv:1210.0120v1 [q-bio.PE] 29 Sep 2012 1 8 Summary 9 Ray-finned fishes constitute the dominant radiation of vertebrates with over 30,000 species. 10 Although molecular phylogenetics has begun to disentangle major evolutionary relationships 11 within this vast section of the Tree of Life, there is no widely available approach for effi- 12 ciently collecting phylogenomic data within fishes, leaving much of the enormous potential 13 of massively parallel sequencing technologies for resolving major radiations in ray-finned 14 fishes unrealized. Here, we provide a genomic perspective on longstanding questions regard- 15 ing the diversification of major groups of ray-finned fishes through targeted enrichment of 16 ultraconserved nuclear DNA elements (UCEs) and their flanking sequence. Our workflow 17 efficiently and economically generates data sets that are orders of magnitude larger than 18 those produced by traditional approaches and is well-suited to working with museum speci- 19 mens. Analysis of the UCE data set recovers a well-supported phylogeny at both shallow and 20 deep time-scales that supports a monophyletic relationship between Amia and Lepisosteus 21 (Holostei) and reveals elopomorphs and then osteoglossomorphs to be the earliest diverging 22 teleost lineages. -
Giant Mesozoic Coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) Reveal High Body Size Disparity Decoupled from Taxic Diversity
Giant Mesozoic Coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) Reveal High Body Size Disparity Decoupled From Taxic Diversity Lionel Cavin ( [email protected] ) Natural History Museum of Geneva André Piuz Natural History Museum of Geneva Christophe Ferrante Natural History Museum of Geneva Guillaume Guinot Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier Research Article Keywords: morphological evolution, taxic diversication, Genomic and physiological characteristics Posted Date: March 2nd, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-245480/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License 1 2 Giant Mesozoic coelacanths (Osteichthyes, Actinistia) reveal high 3 body size disparity decoupled from taxic diversity 4 5 Lionel Cavin1*, André Piuz1, Christophe Ferrante1,2 & Guillaume Guinot3 6 7 8 1 Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Natural History Museum of Geneva, Geneva, 9 Switzerland 10 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of Geneva, Rue des Maraîchais 13, 1205 Genève, 11 Switzerland 12 3 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, 13 EPHE), Montpellier, France 14 15 * Corresponding author 16 Email: [email protected] 17 1 18 Abstract 19 20 The positive correlation between speciation rates and morphological evolution expressed by 21 body size is a macroevolutionary trait of vertebrates. Although taxic diversification and 22 morphological evolution are slow in coelacanths, their fossil record indicates that large and 23 small species coexisted, which calls into question the link between morphological and body 24 size disparities. Here, we describe and reassess fossils of giant coelacanths. Two genera 25 reached up to 5 meters long, placing them among the ten largest bony fish that ever lived. -
Fossils Provide Better Estimates of Ancestral Body Size Than Do Extant
Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 (January 2009) doi: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2008.00364.x FossilsBlackwell Publishing Ltd provide better estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes James S. Albert,1 Derek M. Johnson1 and Jason H. Knouft2 Abstract 1Department of Biology, University of Albert, J.S., Johnson, D.M. and Knouft, J.H. 2009. Fossils provide better Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA estimates of ancestral body size than do extant taxa in fishes. — Acta Zoologica 2 70504-2451, USA; Department of (Stockholm) 90 (Suppl. 1): 357–384 Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA The use of fossils in studies of character evolution is an active area of research. Characters from fossils have been viewed as less informative or more subjective Keywords: than comparable information from extant taxa. However, fossils are often the continuous trait evolution, character state only known representatives of many higher taxa, including some of the earliest optimization, morphological diversification, forms, and have been important in determining character polarity and filling vertebrate taphonomy morphological gaps. Here we evaluate the influence of fossils on the interpretation of character evolution by comparing estimates of ancestral body Accepted for publication: 22 July 2008 size in fishes (non-tetrapod craniates) from two large and previously unpublished datasets; a palaeontological dataset representing all principal clades from throughout the Phanerozoic, and a macroecological dataset for all 515 families of living (Recent) fishes. Ancestral size was estimated from phylogenetically based (i.e. parsimony) optimization methods. Ancestral size estimates obtained from analysis of extant fish families are five to eight times larger than estimates using fossil members of the same higher taxa.