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2015 2015 Keskeisiä lukuja lääkkeiden myynnistä ja lääkekorvauksista vuonna 2015 Milj. € Muutos vuodesta 2014 Lääkkeiden kokonaismyynti 2 958 4,5 % avohoidon reseptilääkkeiden myynti (verollisin vähittäismyyntihinnoin) 2 063 4,3 % avohoidon itsehoitolääkkeiden myynti (verollisin vähittäismyyntihinnoin) 335 -1,3 % sairaalamyynti (tukkuohjehinnoin) 561 9,0 % Lääkkeistä maksetut korvaukset 1 378 5,5 % peruskorvaukset 310 3,9 % erityiskorvaukset 909 6,3 % lisäkorvaukset 158 4,0 % Key figures for medicine sales and their reimbursement in 2015 € million Change from 2014 Total sales of pharmaceuticals 2,958 4.5 % prescription medicines in outpatient care (at pharmacy prices with VAT) 2,063 4.3 % OTC medicines in outpatient care (at pharmacy prices with VAT) 335 -1.3 % sales to hospitals (at wholesale prices) 561 9.0 % Reimbursement of medicine costs 1,378 5.5 % Basic Refunds 310 3.9 % Special Refunds 909 6.3 % Additional Refunds 158 4.0 % SUOMEN LÄÄKETILASTO FINNISH STATISTICS ON MEDICINES 2015 Lääkealan turvallisuus- ja kehittämiskeskus Fimea ja Kansaneläkelaitos Finnish Medicines Agency Fimea and Social Insurance Institution Helsinki 2016 LÄÄKEALAN TURVALLISUUS- KANSANELÄKELAITOS JA KEHITTÄMISKESKUS FIMEA FINNISH MEDICINES AGENCY FIMEA SOCIAL INSURANCE INSTITUTION Lääketurvallisuus ja lääkeinformaatio Tilasto- ja tietovarastoryhmä Pharmacovigilance Statistics and Data Warehousing Section Mannerheimintie 103b Nordenskiöldinkatu 12 P.O. Box 55 P.O. Box 450 FI-00034 Fimea FI-00101 Helsinki Finland Finland [email protected] [email protected] Puh. 029 522 3341 Puh. 020 634 11 Tel. +358 29 522 3341 Tel. +358 20 634 11 ISSN-L 0786-2180 ISSN 0786-2180 Erweko Oy Helsinki 2016 SISÄLLYS Kuvaluettelo ......................................................................................................................... 7 Esipuhe.............................................................................................................................. 11 Suomen lääketilasto -julkaisun toimittaminen.................................................................... 13 Suomen lääketilaston käsitteet ja aineistot........................................................................ 16 Leena K. Saastamoinen, Annikka Kalliokoski, Jaana Martikainen, Tinna Voipio: Lääkevuosi 2015 ............................................................................................................... 24 1. TIETOJA SUOMESTA JA SUOMEN TERVEYDENHUOLLOSTA ............................... 39 2. LÄÄKEHUOLTO JA -VALVONTA ................................................................................ 45 Lääkevalmisteiden myyntilupamenettely ...................................................................... 48 Rekisteröimättömien lääkevalmisteiden erityisluvat ..................................................... 49 Kliiniset lääketutkimukset ............................................................................................. 50 Lääkemyynnin jakautuminen ........................................................................................ 52 Apteekit ja sairaala-apteekit ......................................................................................... 55 Marja Iso-Mustajärvi Lääkkeiden hankinta sairaalaan, peruslääkevalikoima ja uusien lääkkeiden käyttöönotto .................................................................................................................. 61 3. SAIRAUSVAKUUTUS JA LÄÄKEKORVAUKSET ........................................................ 71 Lääkekorvausjärjestelmä ja lääkkeiden hinnan hyväksyminen .................................... 73 Jaana Kruuti ja Jaana Harsia-Alatalo: Lääkekorvausjärjestelmä ja -korvausmenot vuonna 2015 ........................................... 73 Lauri Pelkonen ja Ulla Kurkijärvi: Lääkkeiden hintalautakunta, korvattavat lääkkeet, tukkuhinnan vahvistaminen ja viitehintajärjestelmä .................................................................................................. 93 Lääkekorvaukset ja -kustannukset vuosina 2000–2015 ............................................. 107 Lääkekorvaukset ja -kustannukset väestöryhmittäin ................................................. 110 Lääkekorvaukset ja -kustannukset lääkeryhmittäin .................................................... 116 Lääkekorvaukset ja -kustannukset erityiskorvattaviin lääkkeisiin oikeuttavissa sairauksissa ................................................................................................................ 132 Rajoitetusti peruskorvattavat lääkkeet ........................................................................ 153 Kliiniset ravintovalmisteet ........................................................................................... 156 Lääkekorvaukset ja -kustannukset lääkäreittäin ......................................................... 157 Lääkevaihto ja viitehintajärjestelmä ............................................................................ 158 4. KULUTUSLUVUT LÄÄKERYHMITTÄIN .................................................................... 163 Kulutustilastoinnissa käytetyt aineistot ja menetelmät ............................................... 170 Käytetyt lyhenteet ja symbolit ..................................................................................... 175 A Ruoansulatuselinten sairauksien ja aineenvaihdunta sairauksien lääkkeet ........... 176 B Veritautien lääkkeet ............................................................................................... 190 C Sydän- ja verisuonisairauksien lääkkeet ............................................................... 196 D Ihotautilääkkeet ..................................................................................................... 212 G Sukupuoli- ja virtsaelinten sairauksien lääkkeet, sukupuoli hormonit .................... 215 H Systeemisesti käytettävät hormonivalmisteet, lukuun ottamatta sukupuoli- hormoneja ja insuliineja ......................................................................................... 223 J Systeemisesti vaikuttavat infektiolääkkeet ............................................................ 226 L Syöpälääkkeet ja immuunivasteen muuntajat ....................................................... 237 M Tuki- ja liikuntaelinten sairauksien lääkkeet .......................................................... 246 N Hermostoon vaikuttavat lääkkeet .......................................................................... 254 P Loisten ja hyönteisten häätöön tarkoitetut valmisteet ........................................... 274 R Hengityselinten sairauksien lääkkeet .................................................................... 276 S Silmä- ja korvatautien lääkkeet ............................................................................. 287 V Muut ...................................................................................................................... 291 Itsehoitolääkkeiden apteekkimyynti ............................................................................ 293 Nikotiinikorvaushoito .................................................................................................. 303 Kuvat .......................................................................................................................... 305 LIITTEET ......................................................................................................................... 329 Liite 1 1.1.2016 voimaan tulleet ATC-luokituksen muutokset ......................................... 330 Liite 2 Valuuttakursseja 31.12.2015 ................................................................................ 331 Liite 3 Rahanarvon muuntokertoimet vuoden 2015 rahaksi 2007–2015......................... 331 CONTENTS List of figures ....................................................................................................................... 9 Foreword ........................................................................................................................... 12 Publication of the finnish statistics on medicines............................................................... 13 Glossary and material used to compile the finnish statistics on medicines ....................... 20 Leena K. Saastamoinen, Annikka Kalliokoski, Jaana Martikainen, Tinna Voipio: Medicines in 2015.............................................................................................................. 31 1. FACTS ON FINLAND AND THE FINNISH HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ......................... 39 2. DRUG CONTROL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES .......................................... 45 Marketing authorisation ................................................................................................ 48 Special licences for non-registered medicinal products ............................................... 49 Clinical drug trials ......................................................................................................... 50 Distribution of medicine sales ....................................................................................... 52 Pharmacies and hospital pharmacies .......................................................................... 56 Marja Iso-Mustajärvi Procurement of medicines for hospitals, pharmaceutical formulary and adoption of new medicines into use ............................................................................................ 65 3. NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE AND REIMBURSEMENT OF MEDICINE EXPENSES .................................................................................................................
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  • Use of Antitussives After the Initiation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

    Use of Antitussives After the Initiation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

    저작자표시-비영리-변경금지 2.0 대한민국 이용자는 아래의 조건을 따르는 경우에 한하여 자유롭게 l 이 저작물을 복제, 배포, 전송, 전시, 공연 및 방송할 수 있습니다. 다음과 같은 조건을 따라야 합니다: 저작자표시. 귀하는 원저작자를 표시하여야 합니다. 비영리. 귀하는 이 저작물을 영리 목적으로 이용할 수 없습니다. 변경금지. 귀하는 이 저작물을 개작, 변형 또는 가공할 수 없습니다. l 귀하는, 이 저작물의 재이용이나 배포의 경우, 이 저작물에 적용된 이용허락조건 을 명확하게 나타내어야 합니다. l 저작권자로부터 별도의 허가를 받으면 이러한 조건들은 적용되지 않습니다. 저작권법에 따른 이용자의 권리는 위의 내용에 의하여 영향을 받지 않습니다. 이것은 이용허락규약(Legal Code)을 이해하기 쉽게 요약한 것입니다. Disclaimer 약학 석사학위 논문 안지오텐신 전환 효소 억제제 개시 이후 진해제의 사용 분석 Use of Antitussives After the Initiation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 2017년 8월 서울대학교 대학원 약학과 사회약학전공 권 익 태 안지오텐신 전환 효소 억제제 개시 이후 진해제의 사용 분석 Use of Antitussives After the Initiation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors 지도교수 홍 송 희 이 논문을 권익태 석사학위논문으로 제출함 2017년 4월 서울대학교 대학원 약학과 사회약학전공 권 익 태 권익태의 석사학위논문을 인준함 2017년 6월 위 원 장 (인) 부 위 원 장 (인) 위 원 (인) Abstract Use of Antitussives After the Initiation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Ik Tae Kwon Department of Social Pharmacy College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Background Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) can induce a dry cough, more frequently among Asians. If healthcare professionals fail to detect coughs induced by an ACEI, patients are at risk of getting antitussives inappropriately instead of discontinuing ACEI. The purpose of this study was to examine how the initiation of ACEI affects the likelihood of antitussive uses compared with the initiation of Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) and to determine the effect of the antitussive use on the duration and adherence of therapy in a Korean population.