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Recent Introgression Between Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose Results in a Largely Homogeneous Landscape of Genetic Differentiation
Heredity (2020) 125:73–84 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41437-020-0322-z ARTICLE Recent introgression between Taiga Bean Goose and Tundra Bean Goose results in a largely homogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation 1 2 3 1 Jente Ottenburghs ● Johanna Honka ● Gerard J. D. M. Müskens ● Hans Ellegren Received: 12 December 2019 / Revised: 11 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 May 2020 / Published online: 26 May 2020 © The Author(s) 2020. This article is published with open access Abstract Several studies have uncovered a highly heterogeneous landscape of genetic differentiation across the genomes of closely related species. Specifically, genetic differentiation is often concentrated in particular genomic regions (“islands of differentiation”) that might contain barrier loci contributing to reproductive isolation, whereas the rest of the genome is homogenized by introgression. Alternatively, linked selection can produce differentiation islands in allopatry without introgression. We explored the influence of introgression on the landscape of genetic differentiation in two hybridizing goose taxa: the Taiga Bean Goose (Anser fabalis) and the Tundra Bean Goose (A. serrirostris). We re-sequenced the whole 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: genomes of 18 individuals (9 of each taxon) and, using a combination of population genomic summary statistics and demographic modeling, we reconstructed the evolutionary history of these birds. Next, we quantified the impact of introgression on the build-up and maintenance of genetic differentiation. We found evidence for a scenario of allopatric divergence (about 2.5 million years ago) followed by recent secondary contact (about 60,000 years ago). Subsequent introgression events led to high levels of gene flow, mainly from the Tundra Bean Goose into the Taiga Bean Goose. -
Poultry Genetics and Breeding in Developing Countries Poultry Development Review • Poultry Genetics and Breeding in Developing Countries
POULTRY DEVELOPMENT REVIEW Poultry genetics and breeding in developing countries Poultry DeveloPment review • Poultry genetics and breeding in developing countries Poultry genetics and breeding in developing countries Robert Pym, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, 4343, Queensland, Australia DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCTIVITY The growth rate of indigenous genotype chickens is also gener- OF POULTRY GENOTYPES ally much slower than that of commercial broilers. While broilers In most developing countries, there are two parallel poultry indus- under typical confinement rearing may reach 2.0 kg live weight tries: one using high-performing commercial layer or broiler gen- at five weeks of age, indigenous-breed male birds often weigh no otypes; and the other based on lower-performing, dual-purpose more than 1.0 kg at 20 weeks (Sørensen, in FAO, 2010). This is a indigenous breeds. reflection of true genotype differences, but also of rearing envi- The proportions in these two categories vary widely among ronment, in which feed quantity and quality is the major factor. countries, but in lower-income countries, indigenous stock com- Despite their lower productivity, in the village environment, the prises as much as 90 percent of the poultry population (Pym, indigenous genotype birds have a number of advantages: Guerne Bleich and Hoffmann, 2006). • The hens become broody, so can reproduce without the need The critical distinction between the two forms of production for artificial incubation and brooding. relates to management: commercial stock are generally reared in • They are agile and can run fast, fly and roost in trees, so can confinement and housed in flocks ranging from 100 to 200 birds escape predators. -
Dissertation
DISSERTATION THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC DUCKS IN THE MAINTENANCE AND SPREAD OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN INDONESIA Submitted by Kristy L. Pabilonia Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Summer 2012 Doctoral Committee: Advisor: Richard Bowen Tawfik Aboellail Doreene Hyatt Anthony Knight ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC DUCKS IN THE MAINTENANCE AND SPREAD OF AVIAN INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN INDONESIA Wild waterfowl and aquatic birds serve as the natural reservoir host for influenza A viruses. As the reservoir, wild waterfowl play an important role in the persistence and transmission of influenza viruses among bird populations and to other mammalian species. In many Asian countries, domestic ducks are raised for meat and egg production. Some of these domestic ducks are ranged on rice paddies or post-harvest rice fields. The ducks provide service to the rice fields by fertilizing the field with feces and aerating the field by swimming and walking through the ground cover. Additionally, the ducks serve as a form of insect control through their natural grazing behaviors. The role that domestic ducks play in the ecology of influenza viruses is poorly understood. Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus (HPAI H5N1) originated in Guangdong Province, China in 1996, which was followed by global dissemination of the virus that began in 2003. This virus is unprecedented in geographical spread, economic consequences and public health significance. At the present time, HPAI H5N1 virus is endemic six countries, including Indonesia. Indonesia has experienced the highest incidence of human infections with HPAI H5N1 virus and one of the highest case fatality rates. -
Waterfowl in Iowa, Overview
STATE OF IOWA 1977 WATERFOWL IN IOWA By JACK W MUSGROVE Director DIVISION OF MUSEUM AND ARCHIVES STATE HISTORICAL DEPARTMENT and MARY R MUSGROVE Illustrated by MAYNARD F REECE Printed for STATE CONSERVATION COMMISSION DES MOINES, IOWA Copyright 1943 Copyright 1947 Copyright 1953 Copyright 1961 Copyright 1977 Published by the STATE OF IOWA Des Moines Fifth Edition FOREWORD Since the origin of man the migratory flight of waterfowl has fired his imagination. Undoubtedly the hungry caveman, as he watched wave after wave of ducks and geese pass overhead, felt a thrill, and his dull brain questioned, “Whither and why?” The same age - old attraction each spring and fall turns thousands of faces skyward when flocks of Canada geese fly over. In historic times Iowa was the nesting ground of countless flocks of ducks, geese, and swans. Much of the marshland that was their home has been tiled and has disappeared under the corn planter. However, this state is still the summer home of many species, and restoration of various areas is annually increasing the number. Iowa is more important as a cafeteria for the ducks on their semiannual flights than as a nesting ground, and multitudes of them stop in this state to feed and grow fat on waste grain. The interest in waterfowl may be observed each spring during the blue and snow goose flight along the Missouri River, where thousands of spectators gather to watch the flight. There are many bird study clubs in the state with large memberships, as well as hundreds of unaffiliated ornithologists who spend much of their leisure time observing birds. -
Proteomic Analysis of 1-D Sarcoplasmic Protein Profiles of Pekin Duck Embryos’ Pectoralis Muscle As Influenced by Incubation Temperature
Proteomic analysis of 1-D Sarcoplasmic Protein Profiles of Pekin Duck Embryos’ Pectoralis Muscle as Influenced by Incubation Temperature THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By Yang Cheng Graduate Program in Animal Sciences The Ohio State University 2014 Master's Examination Committee: Dr. Michael Lilburn, Advisor Dr. MacDonald Wick Dr. William Pope Copyrighted by Yang Cheng 2014 Abstract The objective of this study was to identify sarcoplasmic proteins responsive to incubation temperature in Pekin duck embryos. Previous studies reported that a 1-degree Celsius increase in incubation temperature during the first 10 days can accelerate embryonic development and this study was designed to identify the effects of early incubation temperature on embryonic myogenesis. Pekin duck eggs were incubated at 37.5 ͦC or 38.5 ͦC for the first ten days and subsequently transferred to 37.5 ͦC for the rest of incubation (ED 11-28). The embryonic pectoralis muscle (PM) was collected at ED12, 18, 25 and hatch and sarcoplasmic proteins were subjected to 10% SDS-PAGE. Gels were digitized into TotalLabTM to acquire the mean band percentage (MBP) of bands. The body weight (BW) of embryos and pectoralis muscle weight (PMW) of the Pekin duck embryos were analyzed in SAS 9.3. An acceleration in BW at ED12 in the 38.5 ͦC treatment was observed but not at later ages. MIXED model is performed to determine bands responding significantly to incubation temperature. Three proteins/bands are determined to significantly respond to temperature. -
Raising Ducks
, . , RAISING DUCKS UNITED STATES FARMERS' PREPARED BY DEPARTMENT OF BULLETIN SCIENCE AND G AGRICULTURE NUMBER 2215 EDUCATION ADMINISTRATION CONTENTS Breeds _________ ______ _____ ____________ ______ ____ _ PAOli I ~eat b~8 ______ ___ ____ ___ _____ __ _______ __ _ _ I Egg-producingbreeds ______________________ __ __ 3 Breeding stock. ___ ____ ___ _____ _____________ ______ _ 4 Selection of breeders. _______ __________ ___ ____ _ _ 4 Breeder (acilities ___ _____ ___ ____ __ ______ __ ____ _ _ 4 EggXli~ucuon---- --- - - ---- --- -- --- --- -------- 5 HaD g eggs __ ____________________ __ ___ _____ _ 5 Incubation __ ___ __ _______ _____ ___ _______ _______ ____ 6 Artificial incuba.tion __ _____ __ . _. ___ • ______ .. __ . __ 6 Natural incubation. ____ __ • __ ____ _ . ___ ___._ . __ _ 8 Brooding and rearing __ __ ____ ______ _____ ____ __ ___ __ _ NuUition _______________ ____ _____ ____________ __ __ _ 8 10 ~arketing ____ _______________ __ ________ __ __ ______ _ II Diseases ______ ___ ______ ___ ____ ___ _____ __ __• __ ___ __ 13 lasued Mareh 1966 Slightly revi8ed AllgU/It 1969 W!l!!hington, D,C, Approved for reprinting September 1976 For ~ale by tho SU()(lrintondont of Doeumenlli, U.S, Government Printing Office Wa!hlnlton, O.C.!lru02 Stock No. 001-000-00070-6 11 RAISING DUCKS By William J. Ash, Department ot Biology, St. T..uwren(!c Uni\'crsity, Canton, N.Y. 13617' The number of ducks raised an are marketed through supply nually for meat in the United States houses and retail grocery outlets. -
The Ultimate A-Z of Dog Names
Page 1 of 155 The ultimate A-Z of dog names To Barney For his infinite patience and perserverence in training me to be a model dog owner! And for introducing me to the joys of being a dog’s best friend. Please do not copy this book Richard Cussons has spent many many hours compiling this book. He alone is the copyright holder. He would very much appreciate it if you do not make this book available to others who have not paid for it. Thanks for your cooperation and understanding. Copywright 2004 by Richard Cussons. All rights reserved worldwide. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of Richard Cussons. Page 2 of 155 The ultimate A-Z of dog names Contents Contents The ultimate A-Z of dog names 4 How to choose the perfect name for your dog 5 All about dog names 7 The top 10 dog names 13 A-Z of 24,920 names for dogs 14 1,084 names for two dogs 131 99 names for three dogs 136 Even more doggie information 137 And finally… 138 Bonus Report – 2,514 dog names by country 139 Page 3 of 155 The ultimate A-Z of dog names The ultimate A-Z of dog names The ultimate A-Z of dog names Of all the domesticated animals around today, dogs are arguably the greatest of companions to man. -
Poultry – Dept
OPEN CLASS POULTRY Department 107 – Superintendent – Cele Kuehnl – 920-682-9247 1. Open Class Registration Deadline – July 15. 2. Entry Day – Wednesday, August 25, doors will open at 8am in the Poultry and Rabbit Building. All exhibits must be in place by 6pm. 3. Judging Day– Friday, August 27, starting at 9am. 4. Release Day – Sunday, August 29, from 5:30pm to 8pm. Claim checks will be required to have your poultry released. 5. Coop Rent – A rent of $.50 per bird will be charged for cooping and supervision, paid at the time of registration. You must provide your own feed and feed birds daily. 6. No more than one (1) bird of any breed can be entered per lot number per class per exhibitor. 7. Class will include the following: old roosters, old hens, 2021 young roosters and 2021 young hens. An exhibit shall consist of birds hatched after January 1, 2021 (young roosters & young hens). Any birds hatched prior to 2020, are classified old roosters and old hens. 8. Please contact the superintendent by August 1, if exhibitor has a large breed that requires a double cage. ANY EXHIBITOR THAT MAKES CAGE ALTERATIONS WITHOUT APPROVAL FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT WILL FORFEIT THEIR PREMIUMS. 9. Exhibitor MUST notify the superintendent by August 1, the number of birds and breeds. 10. HEALTH REGULATIONS: See WI County, District, & State Fairs 2021 Animal Health Rules and Regulations located on the website. Any required health certificates/copies must remain in the Expo office during the fair. 11. PULLORUM Testing – Antigen information will be provided soon. -
Poultry Breeds
Many small farm owners like to At some fairs, January 1st is the date that indi- also shown. Layers are shown individually or in Large Fowl Classes 6. Any Other Standard Breed Breeds, & Varieties • Modern Game (9) cates a bird’s age. Birds hatched before January 1st pens of six. All layers should be in production when • Old English Game (15) keep poultry on a relatively small st 1. American are a cock or hen. Birds hatched after January 1 are they are shown because they are judged on their • Plymouth Rock (8) • Sumatra (2) scale. Basically, poultry is classi- cockerels and pullets. Other fairs consider birds over production qualities and not by any particular breed • Wyandotte (9) • Ameraucana(8) fied as either Purebred or Com- 1 year of age to be cocks type. • Dominique (1) • Malays (6) • Java (2) • Araucana (5) and hens and those less mercial. Both have their places on the farm, Exhibition large fowl can be placed in one of six • Rhode Island Red (2) • Cubalaya (3) • Frizzle (2) at shows, and fairs. Unfortunately, many produc- than 1 year of age cock- different classes or categories that include Ameri- • Rhode Island White (2) erels and pullets. The • Buckeye (1) • Phoenix (2) ers don’t understand the classifications of poultry can, Asiatic, Continental, English, Mediterranean, • Naked Neck (4) premium list will usually • Chantecler (2) breeds. At most fairs and shows, poultry are shown and Any Other Standard Breed class. There are 13 • Jersey Giant (2) • Yokohama (2) by breeds and varieties as listed in the American state which method is to American breeds originated in the United States • Lamona (1) • Asells (5) be used. -
In Vivo Conservation of Animal Genetic Resources
14 14 ISSN 1810-0708 FAO ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND HEALTH In vivo - The Global Plan of Action for Animal Genetic Resources, adopted in 2007, is the first internationally agreed framework for the management of biodiversity in the livestock sector. It calls for the development of technical guidelines to support conservation of animal genetic resources countries in their implementation efforts. Guidelines on the Preparation of national strategies and action plans for animal genetic resources were published in 2009 and are being complemented by a series of guideline publications addressing specific technical subjects. Conservation of animal genetic resources – ensuring that these valuable resources remain available for future use by livestock breeders – is one of the four strategic priority areas of the Global Plan of Action. These guidelines focus on conservation “in vivo”, i.e. maintaining live populations rather than storing frozen genetic material. They complement separate guidelines on Cryoconservation of animal genetic resources published in the same series. They have been endorsed by the Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In vivo conservation encompasses a range of actions that can be taken to ensure the survival of livestock breeds or populations that are threatened with guidelines extinction. These guidelines address both “in situ” conservation (supporting the continued use of threatened breeds in the livestock production systems where they have traditionally been raised) and “ex situ” conservation (maintenance of populations at sites such as conservation farms and zoos). As well as providing a wealth of information on breeding strategies for small at-risk populations, the guidelines provide advice on how to develop an effective and well-targeted national conservation strategy. -
Agjfls /Q-'F5 in J
-'., '. .... (QL. El Paso Alaska Company, etal. 6~5.5 -, Docket Nos.' CP75-96, et aI.- ,4'-( Exhibit AA- (RGG-6) -. -\ _., , ~ . K:.b7 AGJflS /Q-'f5 -" A S11lDYOF nn: nJSTIUBuno:-.J A\JD t,[)VEHr~\J'rs OF ~4g , SNOW GEESE, 0111ER' GEESE, AND \\'1 nSTLING SWj\.\JS ;1 j o.\J TIm H\CKf:NZIEDELTA, YUKON Nom1l SLOPE, j A~D AI..ASKAl'J NOR1l1 SLOPE IN AUGUST A!\JD SEPTEl'll3ER, 1975. J .~ ::;1: I; 'I' .' .J r:':» .. '~ ( 11\ i.~~ By J , / \ ~~{ 'l\T. R. KOSKI j.J' .J Inf··~i LGLLIMITED --;1'" .J environmental rescard1 associates 1 ~-'I 1\ U J ~ ti J C'" ~. ~; .; ~£:i .s y;!"" -4 -. :<~ '" -tot7" :..:t - J F: i; ~. j J LJ' December, 1975 .. y; ARLIS Alaska Resources ~Lj .. Library & Infonnation Services , Anchorage, Alaska .,.i ~~ :., - 4.,:0:.3 .. ·' ~: AHS'fJV'\Cl' ~1 . II -/- Aerial transect surveys and rccormoissance surveys were flown of the .... outcr Hackcnzi.c Delta, Yukon North Slope, and eastern Alaskan North Slope -" j; 4 from August 20 to September 25, 1975. 111e surveys were flown to deter- ~ ~r: mine (1) the numbers of geese and swans that used the study area during ..I -"' the fall staging period, (2) the concentration sites of these bi.rds, ....., .. , T (3) the chronology according to wlri.ch the geese and swans used the study 1 ~ area, (tl) the brood sizes and adult to juvenile ratios of these birds, 11-J '1' and '(5) the year-to-)'ear variations in these variables. ~ ~{ 3'L ~j " .s In- 1975, large number's of 8nO\'1 Gcese used the study a'rea between ... -
Country Report Italy 2011
European Regional Focal Point for Animal Genetic Resources (ERFP) 21 st April 2011 ERFP Country report 2010 – 2011 COUNTRY: ITALY reported by: Giovanni Bittante Strategic Priority Area 1: Characterization, Inventory and Monitoring of Trends and Associated Risks The inventory of Italian animal genetic resources and the monitoring of trends and associated risks has been undertaken and summarized il the paper "Italian animal genetic resources in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information Systm of FAO" (Giovanni Bittante, 2011, Italian Journal of Animal Science,vol 10:e29, Annex 2). Several research activities on this topic have been carried out by Universities and Research Institutions. Among them see the important activity of ConSDABI (Annex 3). Strategic Priority Area 2: Sustainable Use and Development Beyond the systematic control of animals of Italian populations (herd books, pedigree registries, milk recording, type evaluation, etc.) made by the different associations of breeders, as outlined in Annex 2, several projects dealing with sustainable use, products valorisation and development has been carried out by national and local governments, agencies, breeders associations and consortia. Strategic Priority Area 3: Conservation (please give details for the most relevant institutions for national genebanks / cryopreservation in the table in Annex 1) In situ conservation activities are going on for almost all the Italian AnGR, while the project of a national virtual cryo-bank is not yet fully established, despite the intense work of the