`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

RP526 v8

THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF WATER, IRRIGATION AND ENERGY

Public Disclosure Authorized Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and drainage project

FINAL RESETLEMENT ACTION PLAN FOR RIBB Public Disclosure Authorized IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROJECT: PHASE I

AUGUST 2015

Public Disclosure Authorized

Draft Resettlement Action Plan for Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project: Phase I Page i

`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...... VIII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... IX

CHAPTER 1 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 1 1.1 Project Context ...... 1 1.2 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project ...... 1 1.3 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project(RIDP) ...... 2 1.4 Scope and Aim of the Resettlement Action Plan ...... 6 1.5 Constraints in Preparation ofRAP ...... 6 1.6 Structure of the RAP ...... 7

CHAPTER 2 – APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ...... 8 2.1 Social screening Stage ...... 8 2.2 Survey and Consultation Stage ...... 9 2.3 Process of Quality Control of Data ...... 11 2.4 Report Preparation Stage ...... 12

CHAPTER 3 –PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA AND IMPACTED POPULATION ...... 14 3.1 Socio-Economic environment ...... 14 3.2 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project area ...... 15 3.3 Social Services and Infrastructure ...... 16 3.4 Major Government Programs/Projects/Plans on-going in the Project Area ...... 17 3.6 Household Baseline Status of PAHs of RIDP Phase I ...... 19 3.7 Socio-Economic Profile of PAH of RIDP Phase I ...... 20

CHAPTER 4 – STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...... 23 4.1 Stakeholder workshops ...... 23 4.2 Community Consultations ...... 24 4.3 Institutional Consultations at Fogera ...... 32 4.4 Institutional Consultations at Libo-kemkem ...... 36 4.5 Institutional Consultations at Regional BoEPLAU ...... 40

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

CHAPTER 5 – ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT IMPACTS ...... 42 5.1 Potential Positive Impacts ...... 42 5.2 Adverse Impacts ...... 42 5.3 Assessment of Likely Adverse Impacts ...... 43 5.4 Construction Stage Impacts ...... 51 5.6 Cut-Off date ...... 51 5.7 Summary of Impacts ...... 51

CHAPTER 6 – APPLICABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 53 6.1 National Legislation and Practice ...... 53 6.2 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement ...... 60 6.3 Comparison between GoE legislations and WB OP 4.12 ...... 61 6.4 Resettlement Policy Framework ...... 65

CHAPTER 7 – COMPENSATION, LAND REDISTRIBUTION AND PROCESSES ...... 72 7.1 Mitigation measures for Preconstruction Stage Impacts ...... 72 7.2 Mitigation measures for Construction Stage Impacts ...... 78 7.3 Process of compensation and handing over of land ...... 80 7.4 Training Programs ...... 81 7.5 Database of Information ...... 82 CHAPTER 8. LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION, GENDER ISSUES AND VULNERABLE

GROUPS ...... 84 8.1 Livelihood restoration: ...... 84 8.2 Gender Mainstreaming: ...... 86 8.2.1 Gender Analysis ...... 86 8.2.2 Gender Strategy and Action Plan ...... 87 8.2.3 Specific mitigation measures ...... 87 8.2.4. Role of Women in Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 88 8.2.5 Representation in Committees and Institutions ...... 88 8.3 Provisions for Vulnerable Households ...... 89 8.3.1 Differential Impact on Vulnerable Households ...... 89

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

8.3.2 Mitigation measures ...... 90

CHAPTER 9– INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 91 9.1 National Level ...... 91 9.2 Regional Level ...... 91 9.3 Woreda Level ...... 92 9.4 Reporting linkages ...... 96

CHAPTER 10 – BUDGET ESTIMATE FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION...... 98 10.1 Applicable rates for compensation computation ...... 98 10.2 Budget Estimates ...... 101

CHAPTER 11 – IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES AND SCHEDULE ...... 106 11.1 Construction Schedule of Phase I ...... 106 11.2 Implementation Activities ...... 106 11.3 Green Light conditions ...... 113

CHAPTER 12 – DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATIONANDPARTICIPATION PLAN ...... 114 12.1 Disclosure of RAP ...... 114 12.2 Existing Perceptions and Expectations ...... 115 12.3 Existing channels of communication ...... 116 12.4 Principles and Objectives of Participation and Communication ...... 116 12.5 Participation and Communication Strategy and Plan for RAP implementation ...... 117 12.6 Issues for Dissemination and Participation ...... 119 12.7 Consultations with Communities excluded from Phase I Area ...... 120

CHAPTER 13 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... 121 13.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of ENIDP ...... 121 13.2 M&E Structure – Scope and Responsibilities ...... 122 13.3 Monitoring of RAP Implementation ...... 123 13.4 External Evaluation ...... 125

CHAPTER 14 – GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL ...... 128 14.1 Types of likely Grievances ...... 128 14.2 Need for Grievance Redressal Mechanism ...... 129

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

14.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism ...... 129 14.4 Kebele level Grievance Redressal ...... 130 14.5 Woreda level Grievance Redressal ...... 131 14.6 Regional level Grievance Redressal ...... 132 14.7 Time Frame for Operation ...... 132

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

List of Tables, Photos, Figures, Boxes, Annexures and Appendices

Table Content

1.2 Structure of the Resettlement Action Plan 3.1 Area and Population density of the affected Woredas, Zone and Region 3.2 Population by disaggregated by sex in each Woredas, Zone and Region 3.3 Population segregated by sex in each affected kebeles of RIDP Phase I 3.4 Livestock Population in the Project kebeles of RIDP Phase I 3.5 Social Service institutions in the project affected kebelesof RIDP Phase I 4.1 Summary of key issues of Stakeholder Consultation Workshop 4.2 Community Consultations: Key issues raised and responses 4.3 Focus Group Discussions: Key issues raised and responses 5.1 No. of PAHs and PAPs by Woreda and Kebele in RIDP Phase I 5.2 Quantum of land lost by Woreda and Kebele in RIDP Phase I 5.3 Type of land impacted land (in ha) in RIDP Phase I 5.4 Type of ownership of impacted land in RIDP Phase I 5.5 Details on communal grazing land (total and affected) (in ha) by kebele in RIDP Phase I 5.6 Number and Type of Structures impacted by Woreda and Kebele 5.7 Number of impacted Eucalyptus trees (by no. and size) in RIDP Phase I 5.8 Number of Perennial Crops impacted by RIDP Phase I 5.9 Number of Community or Common Property Impacted by Woreda 5.10 Number of Vulnerable Households by Woreda and Kebele in RIDP Phase I 5.11 Number of Community or Common Property Impacted by Woreda in RIDP Phase I 5.12 Summary of Impacts of RIDP Phase I 6.1 Comparison between Government of Ethiopia’s Legislation and World Bank’s OP 4.12 6.2 Entitlement Framework of RIDP 8.1 Gender Sensitive Monitoring Indicators 9.1 Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved 10.1 Consolidated Budget for RAP Implementation of RIDP Phase I 12.1 Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Irrigation Phase I 13.1 Performance Indicators for RAP implementation 13.2 Broad parameters for assessing quality of life Photos 4.1 Community Consultations at Kebeles Figures 1.1 Layout Map of the command area of Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project by Phase 1.2 Figure 1.2 River Training Work (RIDP) 9.1 Overall Information and Reporting Links for RAP implementation 12.1 Communication gaps and risks 13.1 Reporting linkages for Internal Monitoring 13.2 Information and Reporting linkages for External Evaluation Boxes 7.1 & 7.2 National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015 14.1 Essentials in Grievance Redressal Annexures 2.1 List of documents referred 3.1 Household Baseline Survey Findings for RIDP Phase I and By Woreda 3.2 Socio-Economic Survey Findings for RIDP Phase I and By Woreda 4.1 List of Officials met 6.1 Key Definitions 12.1 Project Fact Sheet 13.1 Indicators for Internal Monitoring 13.2 External Evaluation of implementation of resettlement action plan of RIDP

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table Content Appendices (In soft copy - CD) 2.1 Survey instruments 3.1 Household Baseline Survey Findings 3.2 Socio-Economic Survey Findings 4.1 Fogera Consultations – Minutes and list of participants 4.2 Libo-kemkem Consultations – Minutes and list of participants 4.3 Stakeholder Consultations 5.1 Map of Affected Parcels and List of Land Parcels for Compensation 5.2 List of Vulnerable Households 10.1 Compensation Computation

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

List of Abbreviations

ANRS Amhara National Regional State ASCI Amhara Savings and Credit Institution BCC Behavioural Change Communication BoARD Bureau for Agricultural and Rural Development BoEPLAU Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration Use BoFED Bureau for Finance and Economic Development CSA Central Statistical Agency EC Ethiopian Calendar ENIDP Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project ENSAP Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program ETB Ethiopian Birr FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia FGD Focus Group Discussion GoE Government of Ethiopia GRM Grievance Redressal Mechanism HEW Health Extension Worker IEC Information Education and Communication LDA Livestock Development Agency LLIN Long Lasting Insecticidal Net M & E Monitoring and Evaluation MoWIE Ministry of Water and Energy NPC National Project Coordinator NPSC National Project Steering Committee OP Operational Policy OP 4.12 Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement OoEPLAU Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration Use PAH Project Affected Household PAP Project Affected Person PSNP Productive Safety Net Program RAP Resettlement Action Plan

RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RPSC Regional Project Steering Committee SDS Social Development Specialist WB The World Bank WoARD Woreda office of Agricultural and Rural Development WoFED Woreda office of Finance and Economic Development WPITs Woreda Project Implementation Teams

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Executive Summary

Context Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank has prepared the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies up to 80,000 ha of land. The Project Development Objective is to sustainably increase agricultural output and productivity in project areas. The schemes to be financed under the project include: Megech Pump (at Seraba) Irrigation and Drainage Project and Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP). The project comprises four components: Irrigation Development; Agricultural and Market Development; Irrigation Management and Project Management. The total Project cost is estimated to be US$ 173.6 million1 of which the International Development Association (IDA) will finance US$ 150.00 million, while FDRE and Beneficiaries will contribute the balance US$ 23.6 million. The implementing agency for the project is Ministry of Water and Energy (MoWIE).

The preparation of this RAP has been delayed due to an outstanding issue of contractual dispute between the GoE and the RAP’s consultant. This issue was resolved in September 2014 by the signing of the “Contract Amendment Agreement for Consultancy Service” for the finalization of the RAP, and that its implementation will be based on recent data. Further, there is a potential for design review/changes (which will result in shifting of structures like canals, bridges etc) of the scheme within the existing command area, but the project does not envisage any major impact on the existing PAPs and or result in new PAPs been impacted, however, there may be small variation in the quantity of land take by the project due to the proposed design review.

Therefore, since the project is not sure of the specificity of these design changes, this RAP will be updated and its implementation requires that public and key stakeholder (PAPs) be consulted again during the actual implementation period. In line with this, the GoE will identify the various groups of interest group and PAPs to be impacted for the purpose of consultation and participation in the decisions that will shape the implementation of this RAP.

A provision of 10% of this total budget for contingencies such as inflation will be allowed and added to the current budget. Compensation will be based on replacement cost and will be sufficient to replace assets, plus necessary transaction costs associated with asset replacement.To ensure compensation at replacement cost, planned compensation rates will be recalculated if the payment period is delayed due to inflation.

Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) The RIDP intends to transform rainfed subsistence agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. Of the total irrigable command area of 19,925 ha identified, RIDP proposes that up to 14,460 ha2of the Fogera Plain, a floodplain on each side of the Ribb River, be irrigated by water stored behind the Ribb Dam, now under construction, released into the Ribb River and then distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households. Water released from the Ribb dam on the Ribb River will be diverted to the irrigated sites by a weir built close to the irrigation sites. The scheme would be built and operated by the government through private contractors.

Objective and Scope of Resettlement Action Plan for RIDP Phase I An Environment and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study carried out for RIDP identified the likely benefits, adverse impacts, and proposed indicative measures and mechanisms for mitigation of the identified impacts. It enabled scoping of the task for preparation of the RAP. The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected households are not worse-off after the Project when compared to the pre-project situation. The RAP carries forward the findings of the ESIA study, details the non-tangible and tangible impacts, enlists the affected persons along with their socio-economic details and records their preferences for resettlement and rehabilitation. It further elaborates on

1Original Total Project Cost was US$ 110.0 million 2 Source: ESIA report by BRL Ingenerie

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia the mitigation measures within the context of Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) and the mechanisms: to implement the RAP, monitor and evaluate its implementation and outcomes, and redress any grievances. While RIDP .all households including beneficiary households in the command area, this specific RAP covers only those Project Affected Persons (PAPs) whose assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected due to proposed irrigation infrastructure.

The scope of this RAP is defined by the two phase construction approach proposed for RIDP partly due to funding contraints even though it is essentially one project. As per this approach, RIDP will be constructed in two phases. The parts of the command area from Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woredas that lie to the east of the Bahir Dar to Gondar road are covered under Phase I while the parts lying on the West rest in Phase II.This RAP is related to RIDP Phase 1 which covers about 3041 ha of project command area spread over 8 kebeles – 4 in each of the two woredas –Fogera and Libeokememe.Phase 2 covers the balance of 11,040ha of command area across 15 kebeles in the same Woredas.The construction work on phase 1 area includes construction of dykes and crossing structures (rviver training) in phase 2 area to provent downstream flooding included in “phase 1 of the irrigation sheme. Phase 1 will be financed by the World Bank while phase 2 will be finaced by GOE. This RAP relates to only Phase1 and a separate RAP will be established for phase 2.

Based on the schedule of construction of RIDP Phase I is further split in two phases – Phase I a, and Phase I b.While Phase I a involves completion of Head works (ie.. dversion weir and head regulator,) and all Main canals,(ie. Canals, cross drainage works, bridges and service roads). (757 ha), Phase I b will involve completion of drain page and irrigation systems including the secondary and tertiary chanals and drains, cross drainage works along the canals and drains.(2284 ha). Phase 1b also includeds construction of river training and flood protection structures along the Rib River and other two small rivers Narza and Naturit falling in Phase 2 command area.River training refers to left and right side dykes that are necessary to maintain the course of the Rib River as well as the Narza and Nturit Rivers and protect from flooding and and crossing structures.

Baseline survey findings RIDP Phase I (Phase 1a and 1b) will impact a total of 4,624 PAHHs or 20,047 PAPs. Out of these, construction in phase 1 area (1a and 1b) will impact 2,296 PAHs that includes 9,950 PAPs while 2,328PAHs and 10,097 PAPs living in phase 2 RIDP area will be impacted by the work in Phase 1. The total quantum of land impacted is 746ha of land.

Gender compositions of those to be impacted are 53% males and 47% female. In terms ofō religion, 96% practice Christianity while the rest are Muslims. Marital status recorded indicates: 43.18% are single, while 48.32% are married, with the balance being either divorced, widowed or separated. Illiteracy is very high amongst the PAPs as 53.32% are illiterate, while 14.79% can read and write. Only 2.40% of the PAPs have education upto Vocation/College level. In terms of physical condition 98.72% of the PAPs reported to be in a healthy condition. 0.46% of the PAPs are handicapped by birth and 0.97% have chronic health problems. 68.32% of the PAPs are employed and 57.75% of the PAPs indicate farming as the sole occupation, while 31.16% of PAPs have multiple occupations including farming, livestock and daily labor, etc. Livestock is the other major occupation for 9.40% of PAPs. Petty Trade (0.17%) and Spinning (0.07) are relatively less pursued as a sole occupation by PAPs.

The average annual income per household for RIDP Phase I kebele for PAHs is ETB 30,949.92. 47.About 30% of the PAHs have income in excess of ETB 25,000/year, while 26.95% have incomes between ETB 15-25,000/year. Breakup of income by sources indicates Farming or Cultivation (95.83%) as the main source of the total income. Of the balance, land related activities such as leasing or renting out of land for cultivation constitutes more than half (2.26%) and sale of animal bye products or livestock (0.95%). Petty Trading, employment of family members, financial support from family members, relatives / friends constitute insignificant proportion of the income. ETB 13702.80 is average annual expenditure of the PAHs. Medical care, Education and House maintenance comprise 22.93% of the expenditure, while Social and Religious events (22%) and consumables such as salt, sugar and oil

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia constitute 21.14%. Farm inputs and livestock feed together constitute 23.30% of the household expenditure. 47.14% of the PAHs indicate expenditure in the range between ETB 10-15000/year.

Awareness of RIDP is indicated by 95% of the PAHs and the major sources of awareness include Kebele officials (42%) and Kebele consultations/Survey activities (43%). About 9% of the PAHs reported other sources such as neighbors, or other interacted from other kebeles, etc. Deemed positive and adverse impacts: Amongst the potential positive impacts, 68.74% of PAHs believe that the project will increase land productivity, assure water supply and other varied positive impacts such as increase in temporary work opportunities, increase market access, facilities in the area. Type of support and assistances expected under RIDP vary as 64.76% of PAHs have expectations of more than two of the benefits such as training on crop practices, seed inputs, credit facilities, water conservation practices, provision of fertilizers, trainings on market related activities, financial literacy and skill development. Adverse impacts likely due to the project is considered as the loss of land and structures by 28.1% PAHs. Other adverse impacts likely include: pressure on existing infrastructure, conflicts with outsides and increase in accidents.

In terms of opinion, the majority of the PAH (77.03%) consider the project to be good or useful to them, while 14.13% are not sure of the project when considering the positive and adverse impacts. 8.89% of the respondent PAHs, consider the project as not useful.

Stakeholder Consultations Consultations included: a Workshop with a broad range of stakeholders, key informant interviews with officials of implementing agencies; consultations with communities, particularly PAPs and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with women groups. Key topics discussed included: objective and scope of the project, likely benefits such as fishery development, irrigation development in the command area. Key concerns expressed by the PAPs were:relating to the need and approach of the project; issues relating to provision of grazing land for landless households and others; issues relating to fragmented lands and varied fertility of land parcels in different areas; aspects of land redistribution, inheritance issues that might impede their getting the compensation; lack of marketing facilities, road access, and support measures planned such as marketing chains, access roads, fee for irrigation water, etc..

Project Impacts Positive Impacts: The anticipated positive impacts likely to accrue in the command area of the project i.e. Libo- kemkem and Fogera woredas are: a) Increased cropping intensity due to provision of dry season irrigation water; b) Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry; c) Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and drainage and improved access to seeds and markets; d) Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculturally related goods and services – and associated local employment including for scheme operation and maintenance; e) Improved institutional capacity of government organizations responsible for water management and agricultural development at regional, woreda and kebele levels; f) Improved road access with many associated benefits; g) Reduced impacts from flooding; h) reduction in incidences of water- borne diseases malaria due to draining out of excess water; i) short-term and long term opportunities during construction stage.

Adverse impacts: Census/asset inventory survey helped to ascertain the quantum of impacts in the Ribb Irrigation area. The cut-off date for both Woredas is date of the completion of the asset survey. In Libo-kemkem the cut-off date was March 31st, 2013 while in Fogera it was May 22nd, 2013. Due to the delay, the GoE will ensure that compensation will be at replacement cost, planned compensation rates will be recalculated and updated during actual implemetation.

Adverse impacts are summarized in the table below.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Impacts Nos. Phase 1 Area River Training ( in phase 2 area) Affected 2; Libo-kemkem and 2; Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woredas Fogera (Name) Affected 8 (Ribb Gebriel, Diba 15 (Bambiko Sedeya, Tibaga, Yifag Kebeles Sifatra, Thiwa Zakena Akababi, Shina Tsion, Bura Eigizibiheri and Awua Kokit in Ab, Tezamba, Genida Wuha, Kab in Fogera and Angot Libo-kemkem Woreda, and Shaga, Agela, Bira Abo, Bura Shina, Nabega, Woreta town (small Eigizibiheri Ab and part), Woreta Zuriya, Kokit (partially), Shina Tsion in Libo- Tihwa Zakena (partially) in Fogera kemekem Woreda.

Partially 4 (Thiwa Zakena and Woreta town,Woreta Zuriya, Awa affected Awua Kokit in Fogera Kokit,Thiwa Zakena (Fogera Woreda) kebeles in and Bura Eigizibiheri Ab Phase I ( and Shina Tsion in Libo- and also to kemekem) be affected in Phase II of RIDP) PAHs and 2296 and 9950 2328 and 10097 PAPs (Nos.) Vulnerable 228 Households (Nos.) Quantum of 266.6737 ha 479.37 Land Rain Fed 250.5418 ha 301.37 Irrigated 18.71 ha - Communal 18.1619 ha 178.0ha grazing land Ownership of land by type Private land 245.7871 ha 301.37 holdings Common 2.4843 ha - grazing land Communal 18.1619 (1%) 178.00 grazing land School land 0.2184 ha NA Police Office 0.022 ha NA land Structures - 223 Will be determined during the Residential revalidation exercise and others Trees Will be determined during the revalidation exercise Eucalyptus 39648 (all sizes) Perennial 98 Crops Indigenous 1676

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Trees Common Property Resources School land 0.2184 ha NA Police Office 0.022 ha NA Land Graveyard, NIL NA or Church or other culturally sensitive structure

Only a few residential structures and trees are expected to be impacted in the phase 2 river trainng area as it is close to the river banks.The asset inventory will be completed in October 2015 prior to commencement of any construction activity. There are no common property resources such as schools and police stations to be affected in this phase 2 area Resettlement Policy Framework A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) was formulated for ENIDP on basis of FDRE regulations and World Bank’s Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement. The RPF was approved by Bank and disclosed at its Infoshop in 2007. The RPF defines roles, responsibilities and procedures for the preparation, review and approval of the RAPs and thereby ensures that both the national and donor requirements for land acquisition and resettlement are adequately addressed. It forms the basis for preparation of this RAP.

Entitlements and Mitigation measures Based on the RPF,: a) one time compensation for loss of assets on land such as structures, trees; and b) compensation for loss of land and temporary crop production by provision of annual cash compensation till the land can be provided by land redistribution. PAPs in phase 1 area affected by river traning will be treated in the same way and will be provided with land during land redistribution in phase 1 area.

Individual and Kebeles losing common grazing land and communal grazing land respectively will be provided with cash compensation. Assistances and support provisions in line with the entitlement framework specifically for the vulnerable and landless households. Since irrigation projects may aggravate the prevalence of Malaria and in- migration during construction may increase incidence of HIV/AIDS, STIs, kebele wide measures such as provision of Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs), Indoor spray, provision of counselling to create awareness are provided.

Both PAPs living in Phase 1 area and those in phase 2 are but impacted due to the river training work and will be included in the land redistribution at the completion of phase 1 of the Ribb scheme.

The land redistribution for PAPs within phase 1 area and those impacted within phase 2 area due to river training workwill be carried out by Woreda OoEPLAU with the assistance of the Regional BoEPLAU in accordance with Directive on Land Redistribution in Modern Irrigation (BoEPLAU, 2007). All land holders in the command area, including PAHs – i.e. those directly losing a portion of their land to the infrastructure, will lose their previous holdings and shall post-redistribution, receive irrigated and thereby a more productive but proportionally smaller plot of land. Land redistribution will be phased according to irrigation infrastructure construction progress using a unique formula for the entire scheme. The redistribution formula will include a system of proportionate deduction of land from all users for research, demonstration and other common services (about 3% of the net irrigable area). This area of

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia reserved plots will be kept outside of private use within irrigation block and will be managed by the Water User Associations. Therefore the applicable formula would be:

(net irrigable land) – (area of reserved plots) ------X landholder ’s holding in the command area gross affected area

Following a process of overlay/superimposing of the construction design over the cadastral index map, public hearing, ground truthing, and irrigation land redistribution shall be completed. Further, a site plan that shows the size and shape of the new land holding will be prepared for each holder and given to the same together with the land possession verifying book. As crop production would be impacted during the construction period, the owner of the affected land will be paid the estimated value of the annual production of the land as compensation each year until he/she gets a substitute land. The compensation will start from the year in which the land is taken untill the time construction in the area is completed and a new plot of land is made available. The estimated time for the completion of the Phase 1 irrigation is 2.6 years and farmers will be entitled to three years of compensation.Farmers will continue to receive yearly compensation for estimated value of the annual crops until they get an irrigable land for cultivation in case project is delayed. As the main objective of the irrigation scheme is to increase productivity of farmers and improve the standard of living, farmers will also get access to agricultural inputs, training land and market linkages under Component 2 of the project.Overall, PAPs to be affected by temporary land take will be paid the replacement value for their assets to be removed, including costs for moving and relocation; and will be compensated for livelihood restoration due to loss of business days which will be determined by the expected number of days the temporary land take will last.

Compensation shall be paid for the loss of grazing common land in form of cash to affected farmers for a total of ten years (either to paid yearly or lump-sum one time). Full compensation at replacement costs for structures – residential, grain storages, kitchens, dug wells, toilets, cattle sheds, would be paid one-time to the PAP as per entitlement framework. Besides, PAPs can dismantle these structures and salvage any structural material for reconstruction, even though these are already compensated for. For Eucalyptus trees lost, cash compensation would be paid at regenerative value as applicable for ten years, while for Indigenous or Natural trees, compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the level of growth of the tree and the current local price per tree.

In respect of loss of communal grazing land, which is affecting 5.7% of the total grazing land, instead of providing replacement land, compensation shall be paid in form of cash to all the affected kebeles for a total of ten years (either to paid yearly or at one time) and ensuring its judicious usage. As for the land permanent loss by Church, School, Police Office and Kebele , compensation for crops on land would be payable and therefore displacement compensation of ten years shall be paid these institutions one time.

Mitigation of Construction Stage impacts would include responses on a case by case base by the implementing institutions and contractor within the Entitlement Framework as well adoption of good construction practices by works Contractor. During the construction period, provision would be made in the scope of work of the Contractor regarding ensuring temporary access at all points of time to mitigate the temporary loss of access whichis likely to cause inconvenience. For taking of temporary land for construction works, the Contractor shall bring it to the notice of the Woreda Project Implementation team (WPITs) to help formulation of a contractual agreement (in written) between the PAP and Contractor for the said period. Any loss of or damage to crop on unaffected parcel of the PAP or adjacent plot holders (Non-PAH), due to dust emanating from construction shall be reported to the Kebele level Grievance committee to investigate and compensate, if found genuine. Additional pressure at certain locations where Construction camps sites are set up would be periodically assessed and enhancement such as repair of hand pumps, dug wells would be carried out or provision of additional dug wells at convenient points to ease pressure on

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia the existing facilities. The construction will not affect use of water for irrigation for existing plots and any such impacts during construction will be compensated through presentation to grievance committee.

Another mitigation measure considering the fertile nature of the area leading to frequent usurping of communal or kebele land causing disputes and grievances a joint survey group comprising Kebele Land Use Expert and a land administration office of the Woreda OoEPLAU would be formed and tasked to undertake a bi-monthly monitoring survey of the project command areas kebeles.

Commensurate training of officials to enhance their understanding and capacity to effectively perform these tasks will be carried out.

Livelihood restoration, Gender Issues and Vulneable Groups Livelihood restoration for PAPs will support PAPs to acquire awareness, technical and basic management skills in running micro businesses to support their income. A detailed plan on needs assessment, preferences, skills and market opportunities will be conducted and implemented.

The project impacts 5 unmarried women and 123 FHHs (Female Headed Households). Gender strategy aims at involvement of women at all stages of project and seek to provide them with adequate support measures in their rehabilitation efforts by utilizing services of professional agencies. The following specific measures are included in this RAP: compensation to be paid in joint account as land is owned jointly, transfer of training budget in cases where the PAP is a male with any disability and unable to utilize the provision; provision of training – financial literacy and other useful skills such as tailoring, embroidery, bamboo work, etc. and inclusion of gender aspects clauses in Contracts. Other provisions could be Day crèche facilities at construction camps, HIV/AIDS and STD awareness campaigns; Participations during consultations; involvement of women in M&E both internally and externally and finally, adequate representation in Committees and Institutions such Compensation and Land redistribution committee and later when Irrigation Water User Associations are formed.

The income restoration measures will target vulnerable persons, especially for women headed households, People with Disabilities, HIV affected people and the elderly/ agedand landless youth to ensure that they are reasonably assisted to overcome potential economic shock from the project, and maintain the quality of life not less than their pre-project state because; they are at higher risk than others based on their vulnerability status. Vulnerable groups will be assisted during removing of structures and re building. They will be given priority in for temporary job opportunities during construction period and make use of opportunities for income generation. PAPs with less than 0.25 ha of land holding and land less youth will be supported through extending the skills training and access to small loans to engage in micro enterprise activities to these vulnerable groups.

Implementing Institutions MoWIE would have the overall responsibility of RAP implementation, supported by Regional and Woreda level institutions, WPITs and Woreda OoEPLAU. Woreda Health and Women’s , Youth and Children’s Affairs offices shall support RAP implementation particularly with awareness creation, Anti-Malaria and HIV/AIDS measures and grievance handling. The SD specialist for Ribb at BOEPLUA, Amhara region will be supported by two other Social Development Experts at both Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woreda. The SD specialist for Ribb would report both to BoEPLAU and RPCO who in turn will be accountable for the overall coordination of RAP which is also part of project coordination. Disclosure and communication strategy The draft RAP in English and Amharic languageswillbe disclosed on MOWIE website and the English version will bew disclosed at the World Bank Infoshop as well. Feedback if any would be incorporated into the final RAP document, following which the final RAP will be disclosed again. Further to enhance transparency in implementation, the list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits shall be separately disclosed at the concerned kebele offices, Regional

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BoEPLAU and any other relevant offices and locations. Information on implementation activities shall be disseminated through disclosure events. Key actions under the communication strategy and plan comprise: a) installation of notice boards in the four kebeles; b) designating a Project Information Officer (PIO) to provide information on the project; c) establishment of a Public Information Center (PIC) to ensure more accessibility to PAPs; d) holding regular meetings in presence of key officials from the Woreda administration (WPITs)/ Kebele administration; e) providing brochures and flyers on the overall project, including the latest proclamation on Water User Associations, f) carrying out periodic educational trips for farmers and officials to other operational irrigation projects in the vicinity; g) Mass media agency: a mass media agency will be contracted to disseminate message, develop appropriate documentaries on income restoration activities for wider public. Another key aspect of the communication will be to hold consultations with communities in the vicinity of (but not included in) Phase I Area.

Monitoring and Evaluation The monitoring programme will have two broad components: internal monitoring and external evaluation. MoWIE will conduct the concurrent internal monitoring with support from regional and woreda level bodies. It would be one continuous and routine process of tracking and reporting on activities and outputs associated with use of project resources. It would be closely integrated with the routine reporting system of implementing agencies and units (through Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Reports). It would include collection, analysis, reporting and use of information about the progress of R&R against a time-bound implementation schedule indicated in the RAP. Quantitative indicators that focus on physical and financial targets and delivery of entitlements to PAPs will provide an efficient tool to supplement qualitative assessment that shall be carried out in the case of socio-economic impacts.

Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) unit, RPCO at Amhara region will coordinate with regional and woreda level agencies and contracted agency (ies) for Income Restoration that will supplement the M&E unit by providing information as necessary. Internal monitoring under the Regional Coordinator’s office will commence soon after the RAP is approved and implementation activities commence. Internal monthly monitoring reports will be compiled by the Monitoring and Evaluation Unit of RPCO, while formal monitoring reports will be prepared for distribution to relevant stakeholders including World Bank on a quarterly basis. The RAP database shall supplement the monitoring of overall implementation by incorporating all data related to expropriation, compensation, redistribution and grievance redressal MoWIE will contract a specialized agency to carry out External Evaluation twice during the three year RAP period to assess the effectiveness of the RAP implementation in relation to achievement of RAP objectives; identify constraints, and recommend any corrective measures as may be necessary to achieve stated outcomes and objectives. It would draw upon information gathered from routine monitoring, supplemented by information from surveys/ studies, including baseline and follow-up studies and other sources. The timing of the evaluation exercises would be such as to feed into the findings for the the Annual Project Review Workshop.

Grievance Redressal For RIDP Phase I, there would be Grievance mechanisms at kebele, woreda, and Regional levelfor addressing grievances relating to compensation, land redistribution and other processes, etc. including in Kebeles of phase 2 area for PAPs impacted by the river training structures.To address these grievances, Committees will be formed. First level of grievance handling will involve physical verification upon receipt of any grievance such as inaccurate measurement of impacted asset, loss of access, damage to structures, crops during construction, counting of trees etc. that do not involve immediate monetary implications. The physical verification and certification will be carried out by the WPIT members in presence of PAPs and appropriate documentation would be done. Response would be provided to the concerned PAP within 7-10 days of receipt of grievance. The GRC will normally meet once in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A time period of 45 days will be available for redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP would have two more levels at the Woreda and Region, besides the option of taking recourse to the court of law, if he/she so desires.

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Implementation Schedule The schedule of construction of RIDP Phase I is split in two phases – Phase I a and Phase I b. Phase I a involves completion of Head works (including the diversion weir, head regulator and other related structures,), and all Main canals (including the canal itself, cross-drainage works along the canal including bridges, service roads etc) in the area north of Ribb river (757 ha). Phase I b will involve completion of all otherirrigation and drainage system (secondary and tertiary canals, drains, cross drainainge works along canals and drains and river training –left and right dykes and crossing structures)with associated road works in the area south of Ribb river (2284 ha). Phase I a is to be completed and water into irrigation supply within 22 months from date of contract effectiveness and Phase I b is to be completed and water into irrigation supply within 30 months from date of contract effectiveness.

Minor variations in PAPs are expected due to on going review of the design lay out for phase 1a and 1b. The design review will be done on a rolling basis and the distribution of entitlement certificates, will be distributed for each piece of the completed design sections with the following sequence:

Phase 1a - Head work and main canal Phase 1b - Secondary and tertiary canals - River training work

As beneficiaries will receive irrigable land at the end of each phase (Phase 1a and Phase 1b) independently of Phase II, the activities as planned under RAP implementation shall be linked to the construction schedule. While commencement date of construction is likely to be same for both Phase I and I b, the completion dates – at the end of 22 and 30 months respectively will be key to preparation of land redistribution plan and land redistribution itself.

Major activities in RAP implementation are proposed to before the disclosure of Draft RAP; update and finalization of RAP; completion of survey in unsurveyed area and enumeration of number of PAPs and receipt and incorporation of comments if any before draft disclosure; issuance of entitlement certificates and annual compensation payments; commencement of training of kebele irrigation level committee members; setting up/operationalizing of compensation and irrigation land redistribution grievance redressal cells at the Kebele besides land redistribution and commencement of activities under Component 2 (agricultural and market development) of the project for all project beneficiaries in the project command area – PAPs and non PAPs. .

Budget Estimate for RAP Implementation Budget include costs of: compensation for assets, mitigation measures provision of contracting agencies for External Evaluation and mass media for dissemination; hiring of Social Development Specialist and Project Information Officers, provision of kebele wide measures such as Anti-Malaria and HIV/AIDS measures, conducting Educational Awareness tours and other field administration costs. The total budget estimate for implementation of RAP activites for RIDP Phase I is ETB 247,545,019.25

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CHAPTER 1 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1 Project Context 1. Ethiopia’s current emphasis on expanded investment in irrigation has benefited from achievements in recent years under the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). The NBI was formally launched in February 1999 by the Council of Ministers of Water Affairs of the Nile Basin States. The Initiative includes all Nile countries and provides an agreed basin-wide framework to fight poverty and promote socio-economic development in the region. The Initiative is guided by a Shared Vision “to achieve sustainable socio-economic development through the equitable utilization of; and benefit from, the common Nile Basin water resources”. The Nile countries seek to realize their Shared Vision among others through a Subsidiary Action Program (SAP), comprising sub-basin projects. The World Bank has been actively engaged in supporting the Nile Basin Initiative. Under the Nile Basin Initiative, the Eastern Nile Subsidiary Action Program (ENSAP), which includes the countries of Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan, is a regional program of co-operative investment that seeks to initiate a regional, integrated multi- purpose program through first set of investments. The ENSAP countries have identified sub-projects in the areas of integrated water resources management, flood management, power generation and interconnection, watershed management, and irrigation and drainage. In 2001, the Eastern Nile Council of Ministers (ENCOM) decided that funding should be sought to advance studies of promising irrigation and drainage sites (feasibility and design level). In October 2004, ENCOM decided to fast tract irrigation and drainage projects to achieve clear results of Nile Basin Collaboration on the ground, and agreed to commission feasibility studies for 100,000 ha, and investment for initial development of irrigation of around 20,000-30 ha, in each country. 2. The preparation of this RAP has been delayed due to outstanding issue of contractual dispute between the GoE and the RAP’s consultant. This issue was resolved in September 2014 by the signing of the “Contract Amendment Agreement for Consultancy Service” for the finalization of the RAP, and its implementation will be based on recent data. Further, there is a potential for design review/changes (which will result in shifting of structures like canals, bridges etc) of the scheme within the existing command area, but the project does not envisage any major impact on the existing PAPs and or result in new PAPs been impacted, however, there may be small variation in the quantity of land take by the project due to the proposed design review. 3. Therefore, since the project is not sure of these design changes, this RAP will be updated and its implementation requires that public and key stakeholder (PAPs) be consulted again during the actual implementation period. In line with this, the GoE will identify the various groups of interest group and PAPs to be impacted for the purpose of consultation and participation in the decisions that will shape the implementation of this RAP. 4. A provision of 10% of the RAP’s total budget for contingencies such as inflation will be allowed and added to the current budget. Compensation will be based on replacement cost and will be sufficient to replace assets, plus necessary transaction costs associated with asset replacement. To ensure compensation at replacement cost, planned compensation rates will be recalculated if the payment period is delayed due to inflation.

1.2 Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project 5. The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank prepared the Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. The total Project cost is estimated at US$173.6 million, of which International Development Association (IDA) will finance US$ 150million and FDRE and Beneficiaries will finance the remaining US$ 23.6 million. The selection of the irrigation schemes to be included in the ENIDP is the result of a strategic analysis of potential irrigation developments in the Ethiopian Nile Basin, by Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) in July 2006. The analysis evaluated the relative attractiveness of nine potential schemes based on economic, environmental and social criteria. Based on this analysis, the MoWIE selected the schemes to be included for financing and for study by the ENIDP. The designated schemes to be financed for development by the ENIDP are Megech Pump (at Seraba), Ribb reservoir and Ribb irrigation scheme.

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6. The development objective of the project is to sustainably increase agricultural output and productivity in project areas. In addition, the project aims to contribute to further strengthening cooperation on the Nile between Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan. The proposed project comprises three technical components: (i) Irrigation Development; (ii) Agricultural and Market Development; and (iii) Irrigation Management. The fourth component is Project Management. The project will support the Lake Tana growth pole and will closely work with other operations such as the Tana Beles project and the Rural Capacity Building Project3. The objective of first component – Irrigation Development is to develop sustainably about 20,000 hectares of ground and surface water infrastructure and ascertain future irrigation potential in 80,000 hectares. In support of capturing the multiplier benefits of irrigation investments, the component will accelerate the existing FDRE’s land certification program in the project area. The component financed feasibility and detailed design studies, prepared bidding documents and launched tenders for construction and construction supervision of irrigation infrastructure covering about 20,000 hectares. The component also conducted feasibility studies into 80,000 hectares of irrigated agriculture and a number of additional studies.

7. The expected project results include: (i) improved access to water on about 20,000 hectares of irrigation infrastructure through investments in infrastructure, (ii) improved access to markets for inputs and produce through support to targeted supply chains; (iii) adequate management of irrigation through public-private partnerships, promotion of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) / small and medium size industries (SMIs) and strengthening of capacities of water users’ associations, and (iv) satisfactory project management and use resources in accordance with the project’s objectives and procedures, and increased government support for agricultural intensification in irrigated areas through increased public expenditures.

1.3 Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project(RIDP) 8. The RIDP comprise the Ribb Dam financed by MoWIE for irrigation water storage and for flood management of Lake Tana and the project command area – development of which is funded by the World Bank under ENIDP. The project will encompass flood control, drainage, and supplementary plus dry season irrigation. It would allow improved cropping in the dry season. Associated drainage and flood protection measures would improve conditions for wet season agriculture. While the dam is located in Ebinat Woreda, North East of Bahir Dar city at a distance of 142 km east of Lake Tana, the project command area is located in Libo Kemkem and Fogera woredas of South Gonder Zone in Amhara National Regional State, i.e. in the plains in the middle Ribb valley on both sides of the Addis Zemen – Wereta road and does not extend to the Lake Tana shores.

9. The RIDP intends to transform rainfed subsistence agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. Of the total irrigable command area of 19,925 ha identified, RIDP proposes that up to 14,460 ha4of the Fogera Plain, a floodplain on each side of the Ribb River, be irrigated by water stored behind the Ribb Dam, now under construction, released into the Ribb River and then distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households. Water released from the Ribb dam on the Ribb river will be diverted to the irrigated sites by a weir built close to the irrigation sites. The scheme would be built and operated by the government through private contractors5. Details of the project infrastructure are presented in Table 1.1 below:

3Source: Project Appraisal Document, Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project, The World Bank 4 Source: ESIA report by BRL Ingenierie 5Source: ESIA of Ribb Scheme

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Table 1.1 – Details of Project Infrastructures Canal and Drainage Type Count Length (mtr.) Field Canal 2311 870,752.19 Left MC 1 24,854.43 Primary Canal 2 5,017.24 Right MC 1 19,909.86 Secondary Canals 57 152,683.48 Tertiary Canal 475 345,350.95 Field drain 2437 931,414.58 Tertiary Drain 387 326,267.72 Structures Cross Regulator 210 Escape 2 Escape Channel 10 Irish Ford 46 NSR 54 Siphon 17 Tentative Dikes 16 10. Canals – Main (Left and Right), Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Canals shall be the infrastructure that requires the major percentage land in the command area. These canals, totaling upto 546,600 meters or 546.6 km with varying widths shall be spread across the 19 kebeles. These canals have different widths. Further, access roads shall be provided along thecanals i.e. Main, Primary and secondary canals shall include service roadswith different widths. The width of the Main canal ranges from 29 to 33 meters inclusive of 4 meters of service roads. Width of the Primary canal inclusive of service roads (4 meters) ranges between 42 to 46 meters. While the size of the secondary canal varies from 13 to 22 meters, the average size of secondary canal is 15.5 meters and includes 3 meters of service road. Tertiary canals have an 11 meter width.

Canal Type Canal width (m) Service roads width (m) Main Canal 29-33 4 (included)

Primary Canal 42-46 4 (included) Secondary Canal 13 to 22 (average 15.5) 3 (included) Tertiary Canal 11

11. River Training: Long and narrow stretch of land along Ribb, Marza and Maturit River (see figure1.2) 12. Also see Figure 1.1 for layout of the command area of RIDP by woreda and by Phase of construction.

13. Night Storage Reservoirs (NSRs) with varied sizes – minimum size being 0.34 ha while the maximum is 3.77 ha.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Figure 1.1 – Layout Map of the command area of Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Projectby Phase

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Figure 1.2 River Training Work (RIDP)

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

1.4 Scope and Aim of the Resettlement Action Plan 14. The ESIA study carried out for the project identified many potential positive benefits and adverse impacts likely to be caused by the project. Amongst the key findings were the following: i) estimated total of beneficiary households is likely to be 11,500 for the whole scheme; ii) all land users will be affected by land reallocation and consolidation to create the rectangular basic irrigation units proposed in the layout plan; and iii) grazing resources will be reduced in favour of irrigated crops. Therefore all residents of the command area too would be considered Project Affected Persons (PAPs), together with people who live outside the command area but are dependent on resources within it. While RIDP covers all households including beneficiary households in the command area, this specific RAP covers only those Project Affected Persons (PAPs)/Project Affected Households (PAHs) whose assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected due to proposed irrigation infrastructure indicated in Table 1.1 above. All other households in the kebeles in command areas shall continue to cultivate their lands without experiencing any impacts directly. These households therefore cannot be considered PAPs under this specific RAP. They shall at a later date be required to give up lands for the purpose of land redistribution. At present, all these households are to be considered as beneficiaries who shall upon development of command area and post land redistribution, experience some proportional decrease of approximately 10-15% in the size of their original parcels and will be compensated.

15. The scope of this RAP is further defined by the phasing of the construction works which was decided due to funding constraints. The RIDP was divided into two phases, wherein the parts of the command area from Libo- kemkem and Fogera Woredas that lie to the east of the Bahir Dar to Gondar road are covered under Phase I and the parts lying to the West of the same road rest in Phase II. This RAP is related to the Phase I area only and a subsequent RAP will be established for Phase II.

16. The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) formulated on basis of GoE regulations and World Bank’s safeguard policy on involuntary resettlement, defines roles, responsibilities and procedures for the preparation; review and approval of the RAPs to ensure that both the national and donor (World Bank’s) requirements for land acquisition and resettlement, are adequately addressed. The RAP is prepared based on the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) that hasbeen prepared for the overall ENIDP. The overall objective of the RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project. The RAP carries forward the findings of the ESIA study and, besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure in these eight kebeles, namely Ribb Gebriel, Diba Sifatra, Thiwa Zakena and Awua Kokit in Fogera Woreda and Bura Eigizibiher Ab, Bira Abo, Shina Tsion and Angot Ageal in Libo-kemkem Woreda.

1.5 Constraints in Preparation ofRAP 17. Details of constraints encountered during the study and the approaches adopted to overcome the constraints to the extent possible are described below: i) Availability of cadastral data for project kebeles in both Woredas: While the cadastral data was fully available in Libo-kemkem woreda and facilitated the easy identification of affected plots and their ownership, the cadastral information made available for Fogera woreda was incomplete, besides having many errors. These gaps were overcome by undertaking cadrastral survey, repeated field checks jointly with Woreda survey committee and desk-based exercises, impacting rate of survey coverage significantly. ii) Difficulties in interactions with farmers: In a few kebeles in both Woredas, farmers were not convinced about the project and had mis-apprehensions/fears on possible diversion of water from Ribb River, resulting in their aggressive walk-outs from consultation meetings, despite the presence of Woreda and kebele administration officials. Two rounds of consultation were held to convince them of the purpose and likely benefits of the project. In addition, on March 22,2013, five (5) farmers from each affected kebele were taken to the Ribb Dam site by Messrs. SMEC, to enable these farmers to better

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comprehend the design of project, its objectives and benefits.Following these efforts, the farmers were convinced and cooperated better in the survey activities.

Delineation between public land and land for private use took longer than expected and this caused delays in completing the asset inventory in some kebeles in Fogera Woreda. This caused delays in completion of the asset inventory and the RAP. There is also potential for design changes. GoE has agreed to review this RAP during implementation and document the review process for the World Bank’s concurrence.

1.6 Structure of the RAP 18. The structure of the RAP is given in Table 1.3 below:

Table 1.3 – Structure of the Resettlement Action Plan Chapters Brief Description of Contents 1 Project context, description, area and aim, scope of the RAP and constraints faced in its preparation 2 Stage-wise description of methodology adopted to prepare RAP 3 Profile of the Region (Amhara) and Libo-kemkem and Fogera woreda w.r.t. to land area and uses, agriculture, livestock, available social service institutions and other cooperative organizations; Household baseline survey regarding the income and expenditure, perceptions of the PAHs towards the project, ownership of movable and immovable assets Socio-economic profile of sample households 4 Details of consultations with various stakeholders and assessment 5 Positive impacts and quantified adverse impacts induced by the project based on asset inventory survey 6 Existing legal and regulatory framework, comparison between WB and GoE legislations and Entitlement Framework 7 Mitigation Measures and Porcesses- livelihood restoration measures 8 Gender Action Plan including specific gender measures 9 Institutional and organisational mechanism, roles and responsibilities 10 Unit rates for different impacted items – crops, trees, structures, cost of implementation activities and also the total estimate for implementation of RAP 11 Activity wise Implementation Schedule 12 Disclosure of RAP, Communication action plan for participation 13 Monitoring framework along with a comprehensive set of indicators, linkages, approach to evaluation of RAP implementation. 14 RAP budget 15 Grievance redressal mechanisms: composition of committees and processes

19. Indicative Monitoring Indicators, Terms of Reference for External Evaluation and other useful details are annexed to the report. Other relevant information that formed the basis for preparation of the report such as cadastral data for compensation, minutes of the consultations and photos, list of stakeholders met, questionnaires formats, are presented inVolume I Appendices(See CD).

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CHAPTER 2 – APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

14. The preparation of RAP comprised three key stages – Social Screening stage; Field Activities i.e. Survey and stakeholder consultations and finally Report preparation stage. Each of the stages is described below:

2.1 Social screening Stage 15. The stage comprised desk review of relevant literature and also preliminary consultations with the primary and secondary stakeholder. Details are given below:

16. Desk review: A desk-based review of literature was carried out. The reviewed literature included Project Appraisal Document (PAD) and Project Implementation Manual (PIM) of ENIDP, Feasibility and ESIA reports of RIDP; all Proclamations, Directives and Guidelines of Government of Ethiopia (GoE) and Amhara National Regional State (ANRS) relevant and applicable to the project, with respect to compensation, land redistribution and rehabilitation. Other literature included strategic plans and reports such as National Plans for Malaria, HIV/Aids, Implementation Manual for Ribb River Fisheries Resource and Agriculture, Amhara region’s strategic plans for livestock development, etc. In addition, relevant details on Amhara region, Project woredas and kebeles were collected from Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (BoFED), Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD), and Bureau of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (BoEPLAU), Amhara Region and Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration and Use (OoEPLAU) of Fogera and Libo-kemkem (See Annexure 2.1for list of documents referred). Further, these included a review of discussion details, presentations made from a RIDP Stakeholder Workshop that was organized in July 2010 with a range of stakeholders that included: representatives from the region, woredas, kebele administration and other stakeholders such as Churches and Hospitals, etc. The purpose was to introduce the audience on the proposed scheme and the activities to be carried out on all aspects of RAP preparation, such as asset inventory, legal provisions, social and gender dimensions, engineering options, asset valuation and compensation process, etc. Attempt was made to elicit concerns and suggestions of the participants for consideration in the RAP preparation (See Chapter 4 on stakeholder consultations for details).

17. Preliminary Consultation with communities and Woreda departments: Two rounds of consuotation were conducted with communities and Woreda administration. A preliminary community consultation and a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were organized at Shina Tsion kebele in Libo-kemkem woreda in July 2012.Follow up consultantations were conducted in March 2013 and May 2013 in LiboKemkemand Fogera Woredas respectively. Information regarding the project, its aim and coverage and intended results were conveyed to the communities. Also the participants were informed of their legal rights to get irrigated land in the command area of the project following land redistribution exercise, besides the subsequent requirements of formation of water user associations, water user fees that needs to be paid and other responsibilities of the members of such Irrigation Water User Associations (IUWAs).

18. Institutional consultations at the Woredas: Preliminary interactions were held with Woreda Administration offices with the objective of: gaining an understanding of their existing capacity to undertake the implementation activities; to inform the Woreda offices on the commencement of survey activities; to obtain available cadastral data; to elicit support of the survey committees; to get them to further convey to kebele chairpersons and communities regarding the proposed survey, consultation activities as would be necessary (for details see Chapter 4 on Stakeholder Consultations). Discussions were held with Women Affairs Offices and Health offices to get an understanding of their activities, gaps in capacity to perform existing activities, etc.

19. Collection of latest design for RIDP and the maps of the Woreda: RIDP design prepared by Consultants – Messrs.Tahal in 2011 and subsequently updated were provided to SMEC in May 2012. Also the Woredas/Region were asked to provide the latest maps available of the Woredas to help ascertain the number of kebeles within and outside the project command area of the total net irrigable area..

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Collection of available cadastral data: MoWIE was requested to convey to the Regional BoEPLAU for provision of cadastral data following which Region requested the respective Woredas. As Cadastral surveys have been carried out for the area under these Woredas over the last 2-3 years, usage of the data was expected to help facilitate easier identification of plots and confirm their ownership. These surveys would also measure each total area of the affected parcel accurately. While the cadastral survey was completed for Libo-kemkem woreda in 2012, the same was yet to be fully completed in Fogera woreda due to complications arising over encroachments – the scale of which was not fully known at the time. It was however gathered that the cadastral data of Fogera woreda had multiple overlaps and was yet to be finalized in some of the project kebeles.Therefore, this RAP will be updated during the actual implementation period. to ensure that informal land users are included and compensation is at replacement cost, and the planned compensation rates will be recalculated to reflect the delayed and design changes..

20. Literature review and these consultations enabled to revise and refine the instruments for survey and consultations (See Appendix 2.1in Volume I - Appendicesfor survey instruments)

2.2 Survey and Consultation Stage 21. The stage comprised: i) zoning of the affected area, ii) undertaking of Census and Asset Inventory survey, iii) holding of community consultations and Focus Group discussions at each kebele; iv) Socio-economic survey; and v) Household Baseline survey.

Zoning of the Affected area: Asset inventory was conducted using advanced surveying instruments mainly geodetic GPS and Total stationsLeica Viva RTK GS 10 DGPS system had been used to identify existing ground control points that were established by EPLAUA. In terms of accuracy Vertical Rapid Static RTK Accuracy 10 mm + 0.5 ppm (rms) Horizontal Rapid Static RTK Accuracy 5 mm + 0.5 ppm (rms)

These helped the canal alignment identification and enabled marking to be effectively performed using Sokkia Set 60 and Lecia TS09 Total stations. Once the marking/pegging was completed, the land and property potentially affected area by the project could be defined by offsetting the specified width of each canal to the right and left of the center-lines.j

Training prior to Asset Inventory The region carried out training prior to the survey to only Libo Kemkem Woreda6. The trainees included the above mentioned representatives. The main topics covered were general principles of property, inspection, registration and valuation, with practical on-the-ground experience and techniques for recording all data.

Census and Asset Inventory Survey: Census and Asset Inventory survey to prepare an inventory of assets and list all PAPs affected by the irrigation infrastructure listed above (see Table 1.1) was carried. The standard form for asset inventory of Regional BoEPLAU was used for the purpose. Considering the vast area for survey 6 teams for two Woredas were deployed at any given point of time. These teams comprised the following personnel:

 Representative of OoEPLAU (3-4 nos.);  Representative of the Woreda Agriculture and Rural Development (WoARD) (2-3 nos.)  Surveyor of the Woreda (2-3 nos.);

6As the Fogera Woreda did not allocate budget, the Region office was unable to arrange training for Fogera Woreda

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 Surveyors of the Consultant (3-4 nos.); and  Asset Valuer (2-3 nos.)

All parcels within the zone were measured and recorded. The Asset Inventory Team used the available Cadastral data to accurately identify the affected parcel of land and its ownership. Subsequently, it walked through the affected parcel of land to list, measure and record the affected assets. All counting of assets (structures, crops and trees situated on land) and registration was carried out in the presence of the ad-hoc Committee and in front of the owner/claimant whose property was affected. Data was recorded on a standard Census and Asset Inventory Form – issued by the Regional BoEPLAU (see Volume I Appendices). The forms were counter-checked and signed by the landholder/asset owner, and representatives of the Kebele, the Woreda Asset Inventory Committee and the Consultant. While for Libo-kemkem (both phases), the survey commenced on December 5, 2012and concludedon March 31st 2013, the survey in Fogera (both phases) commenced in is June 18, 2012 and completion date was May 22, 2013.The completion date of both surveys was used as cut off date for the purpose of the RAP. The exercise provided:  a listing of the PAPs – landholders and/or owners of affected immovable assets;  an inventory of the following: o land, crops, trees; o structures, distinguishing owners and tenants; detailing the structures in terms of size, construction materials, and the state/grade of structure; o community or public services infrastructure and collective holdings (grazing land, places of worship, graveyards etc.)

Categories of affected people i.e., i) those with clear ownership in the rural land holding book and ii) those who are occupying/using land or having a structure (for cultivation or residence but without a formal registered agreement or do not have formal ownership at the time of survey)

Consultations and Focus Group Discussions with community and institutional: Community consultations were carried by the Resettlement expert, valuation expert and socio-economist/gender expert in the presence of officials of kebele administration and with prior invitationto communities on the purpose, time of these meetings. Further, consultations/meetings were held with relevant government offices such as Woreda Health Office, Women’s Affair Office, etc. (See Chapter 4 on Stakeholder Consultations for more details).

Socio-economic survey: Socio-economic survey was carried out on a sample size – 15% of the total PAHs. For this purpose a representative random sample of households with similar characteristics was drawn. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect quantitative and qualitative information on demographic and socio- economic characteristics. Enumerators were provided with prior training and closely supervised. The Socio- economic survey covered the information parameters such as health status, prevalent diseases and facilities; water supply, availability, sources and consumption; educational status and facilities; access to credit; transportation, energy, land use and possession of structures by type of use and typology, etc. The survey data was checked on a daily basis for consistency, cleaned prior to entry into MS-Excel 2010 for processing as necessary in RAP preparation.

Household Baseline survey: A Household level baseline survey was carried out for 95% of the Project Affected Households. It helped record their estimated income by source and expenditure details by items; ascertain their levels of information on their awareness of the project; their perceptions relating to the likely positive and adverse impacts; their livestock holding; ownership of structures by type of usage; enrollment in ongoing government programs; demographic details of the household; and finally the type of support and assistances that they expect to accrue from the project. Based on the details collected, a separate form was filled in to assess the vulnerability status of each household such as if the Household head was either and/or a women headed household, unmarried women, elderly/very old, small scale farmer (less than 0.2 ha), HIV/Aids infected

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person. In collecting vulnerability details, support was sought and obtained from the kebele officials as necessary.

2.3 Process of Quality Control of Data 22. Process involved for quality control of data is described in ensuing paragraphs.

23. At office: Quality Control of data has been ensured right from the time of training of enumerators in filling the survey forms. Enumerators at the training sessions, were trained to be alert to the quality of data that they collect e.g. in the Census and Socio-Economic Survey Questionnaire and Household Baseline survey questionnaire  Get all household level information from the Household head or PAP and if both not available then the questionnaire should be administered to a senior member of the household deemed capable of providing appropriate responses.  total income from different sources should not be less than the total expenditure incurred by the household. However if so, enumerators were required to assess the reasons with follow up queries.  if the income/expenditure details being provided are monthly or annual figures as in rural area, farmer PAPs might find it difficult to estimate annual income; hence to be alert to reporting of extremely low figures as these might be only monthly incomes and not annual incomes OR could be a lack of awareness in estimating income/expenditure amounts.  income could be reported in terms of bag/kgs/quintals of produce and hence these should be computed based on the market rates (or rates) and recorded accordingly.  record total land of the PAP  i.e. both affected and unaffected parcels of land to help ascertain the PAP’s balance landholding, post impact  record all structures, trees and crops to help ascertain the PAP’s balance assets, post impact

24. Moving to field: With respect to Asset Inventory Survey,  Surveyors and Valuers with adequate years of experience particularly in carrying out similar surveys were deployed to carry out the asset inventory.  Forms approved for the inventory were explained in detail to these members before moving to site and administering them in the field.  Survey equipment were checked for their accuracy prior to commencement of survey every day.  To ensure correct identification the PAP was requested to produce his/her land holding book. In absence of the book or his inability to produce the book, the kebele administration was requested to identify the PAP;  In order to ensure satisfaction to PAP, s/he was required to accompany the survey team when surveying his/her parcel;  Inform the PAPs of the assets recorded before getting the PAP to sign the inventory form;  At field, these Enumerators collected the data and after completion, obtained signatures/thumbprints of the PAPs in presence of Kebele/Woreda officials. The enumerators were effectively supervised by both Field Supervisors and also by the Experts themselves. It meant that a two level checking of data collected was possible at site. Firstly, the supervisor verified and corrected the data, if required prior to signing the form. Subsequently the Experts checked the filled forms to ensure that accurate and contextually relevant data is being captured and recorded. A checklist was used to verify the completeness and accuracy of information collected from field and recorded in computer. A checklist comprised the following: o Whether the PAP’s rural land holding book has been collected, scanned, name recorded in the landholding book; andreturned back to the PAP o Consultations have been held in the kebele o Household and Socio-economic survey have been carried out

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Supervision of the survey process was further strengthened by random checks by the Team Leader ensured overall accuracy in data collection, prior to data entry.

All the community consultation and institutional stakeholder consultations, socio-economic and household baseline survey were carried out between January and April 2013. Another round of disclosure events at Libo- kemkem was carried out at the request of Libo-kemkem and concluded by June 28th2014. Every record acquired from physical and social surveys and other information like land certificates were properly stored in computer.

2.4 Report Preparation Stage 25. The stage comprised of activities that were carried out in parallel and also sequentially. The stage involved the major task of cadastral mapping of the project affected zone; compilation and analysis of relevant data; computation of compensation and finally preparation of RAP.

26. Cadastral mapping:It comprised the following stages:

Data acquisition and preparation: Various appropriate spatial datasets were collected from available sources. These include the project infrastructure design which was presented in AutoCAD format from Tahal Consultants. The design contained detail spatial representation of the infrastructure including canals, night storage ponds, drainage system, etc. The other major spatial dataset was cadastral map of the command area which was produced by BoEPLAU and delivered in TopoCAD format along with detail attributes on ownership of each and every parcel in MS Excel format.

ArcGIS software Version 10 was used to harmonize the above-mentioned and other datasets that were originally presented in different forms. This task included transformation of the dataset’s coordinate system into a unified system, conversion of different files into Geodatabase format, topological correction and application of standard cartographic representation to each file.

Advanced spatial modeling and analysis techniques like proximity and superimposition were used to derive valuable information from the original datasets and help the surveying, inventory and valuation activities. The canal system, which was presented in the form of centerline, was transformed into zone of influence by application of proximity analysis technique in GIS and explicit width parameters assigned to each chainage of the canal elements. Further, the buffered canal and night storage ponds were superimposed over the cadastral map to identify those parcels that are directly affected by the structures alignment.

Identification of infrastructure alignment: Before the actual asset inventory was conducted, the canal and night storage reservoirs alignment was marked by surveying technique. In turn the actual surveying was supplied with list of geographic coordinates that denoted positions of pegs along the canal/night storage reservoirs that were generated with the help of GIS. The location of those peg points were produced every hundred meter along straight lines and more dense along curves. These coordinate points were later uploaded to the total station so that they can be navigated and precisely located on the ground to help inventory officers properly conduct asset inventory tasks.

Identification of affected parcels: Plots of land that were directly affected by the canals and night storage ponds by using GIS overlay analysis techniques so that the responsible officers can easily conduct asset inventory activities. Moreover the exact amount of loss in each plot of land due to the infrastructure was calculated with the help of GIS. This information is particularly important for computation of compensation for crops and to prepare for land redistribution.

Mapping affected plots: Once the affected plots were identified and amount of land affected due to the infrastructure computed, it was presented in the form of map that shows a group of parcels for the purpose of facilitating payment and land redistribution.

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27. Compensation Valuation: The asset valuation process comprised computation of the compensation payable to each PAP based on unit rates applied to affected assets. A list of prices was obtained from government offices; 1) the prices of annual crops were obtained from the Woreda Trade and Industry Office which carries out a market survey on a weekly basis, 2) the prices for perennial crops, Eucalyptus tree, and Natural tree was obtained from Woreda Agriculture Office, and 3) prices for structures was estimated by Woreda (municipality) Engineer. Through this method the actual market values of the various types of assets/properties considered for compensation was established, and a unit rate for valuation and compensation was established. Compensation amounts were worked out based on these rates.

28. Provisions of Proclamation No. 455/2005 formed the basis for the assumptions, calculations and the overall process of valuation. Hence the Replacement Cost Method of Valuation7 formed the basis of valuation. In this method the value of an asset/property is determined by reference to the cost of replacing or reinstating the asset (as new) or that of its substitute. Results were incorporated in a payment schedule, providing the principal sources of information on the number and location of affected properties, number of the affected households, name of the asset owner/landholder, type of land, crop, number of trees and structures; and compensation amount payable.

29. Analysis and report writing: Data from Socio-economic survey, Household Demographic survey, were analyzed using Pivot Tables/MS-Excel 2010 software. Also the recorded discussions with different stakeholders were appropriately documented for usage in the report.

7Also referred to as the Contractors Test Method of Valuation.

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CHAPTER 3 –PROFILE OF THE PROJECT AREA AND IMPACTED POPULATION

3.1 Socio-Economic environment 32. The chapter presents the socio-economic environment of the Amhara region, South Gonder zone and project woredas. These are primarily based on information collected from the feasibility study, mapping, secondary data from Bureau of Finance and Economic Planning (BoFED), Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development (BoARD) in Amhara region, Woreda Administration offices at Libo-kemkem and Fogera, and other literature from secondary sources such as Central Statistical Agency (CSA), etc.

3.1.1 Size and Population Density 33. Amhara Region has a total area of 154708.96 sq.km. In terms of area, Fogera (1111.43 sq.km) is larger than Libo-kemkem woreda (999.71 sq.km). In terms of density too Fogera woreda (224.8 persons /sq.km) is more densely populated than (217.1 persons/sq.km). Table 3.1 provides details on the two Woredas, the South Gondar Zone and also the whole Amhara region.

Table 3.1 – Area and Population density of the affected Woredas, Zone and Region Name of Woreda/Region Area (in sq.km) Density Libo-kemkem Woreda 999.71 217.1 Fogera Woreda 1111.43 224.8 South Gondar Zone 14095.19 158.9 Amhara Region 154708.96 121.9

34. The population of Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woredas were estimated8 to be approximately 217,029 and 250,326 persons respectively. Table 3.2 below segregates the population by sex. As can been seen from the break up in the table, male and female population is fairly even when compared between the two Woredas, and within South Gondar zone and the overall region.

Table 3.2 – Population by disaggregated by sex in each Woredas, Zone and Region Name of Woreda/ Region Population Male Female Total No. % No. % Libo-kemkem Woreda 110407 50.87 106622 49.13 217029 Fogera Woreda 127786 51.05 122540 48.95 250326 South Gondar Zone 1135587 50.72 1103490 49.28 2239077 Amhara Region 9461005 50.15 9404997 49.85 18866002

3.1.2 Population by Religion 35. Population in the region is dominated by Orthodox Christians (82.5%) followed by Muslims who practice Islam (17.2%)9.

3.1.3 Status of Rural Women in Amhara region 36. It is believed that women have less access to land in comparison to males. A survey conducted on rural in women of the region indicates that from the total number of women who reported that they have lands, 47% reported ownership of land of size below one (1) hectare (ANRS BoFED, 2006). It is also believed that male- headed households as opposed to their counterparts appear to be in a better position. A study conducted in

8 Projected Population size calculated based on the total counted population figures found at the census date in 2007 9 Statistical Abstract 2009, Central Statistical Agency, FDRE

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woreda (one of the food insecure woreda of the Amhara region) by the Amhara region DPPC shows that the proportion of households with less than one-half of a hectare is higher among female-headed households (41%) than male-headed Households (15%). The majority of rural women use their lands for farming or rearing cattle. In a survey conducted by BoFED, about 77% women use their lands for farming whereas the balance 23% reported that they use it for different purposes such as both farming and livestock production, forestry. Landless women living in the region are believed to be around 8% of the total rural women. Among the landless women, 30% earn a living through a support of their relatives, 23% make their living being engaged in off-farm activities. Farming on others’ land through renting and share cropping is also a common trend among the landless women (ANRS BoFED, 2007). However, FDRE has taken action to increase women’s land holding. The land registration and certification measures taken by the region BoEPLAU is empowering and protecting women with Land certificates are being issued for a family in the name of both the husband and wife.

3.2 Socio-Economic Profile of the Project area 37. Sections below present details on land use, population details segregated by sex by kebele, livestock production details, crop production, social services available by kebele.

3.2.1 Livelihood and land use 38. Nearly one-third of the area in both woredas is cultivable land. Other land use observed and recorded are non- cultivable lands, forest and bushes, swamp areas, grazing land. Fogera woreda has 211.227 sq.km of grazing land. Only 38.37 sq.km (in Libo-kemkem) and 42.901 sq.km (Fogera) is covered by residential area. Based on discussions with Woreda administrations, the average land holding is estimated as 1.1 ha for Libo-kemkem and 1.4 ha for Fogera woreda respectively.

3.2.2 Population of the affected kebeles of RIDP Phase I 39. Awa Kokit is only kebele in the project zone which has a population in excess of 10000 persons, while all other kebeles have a population less than 10000. The percentage of male and female population varies between kebeles. While it is fairly similar in most kebeles, there is significant variation in the percentage of females in all kebels when compared to Bira Abo kebele which has lowest female population percentage at 44.12% See Table 3.3for population disaggregated by sex in each affected kebele.

Table 3.3 – Population segregated by sex in each affected kebeles of RIDP Phase I Name of Kebele Male Population Female Population Total No. % No. % Libo-kemkem Woreda Angot Agela 3099 51.08 2921 48.91 6066 Bira Abo 3900 55.87 3080 44.12 6980 Bura Eigizibiheri Ab 4091 51.65 3829 48.34 7920 Shina Tsion 3145 51.84 2921 48.15 6066

Fogera Woreda Awa Kokit 5794 51.75 5401 48.24 11,195 Dibasifatra 4075 50.79 3947 49.20 8022 Rib Gebreil 3828 50.59 3738 49.40 7566 Thiwa Zekena 2936 51.0 2820 48.99 5756

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3.2.3 Livestock Production 40. The Amhara region has approximately one third of the country’s total cattle, sheep and goat population. As Table 3.5 indicates that cattle has the largest share followed by sheep and goats among the livestock population. This is mainly because cattle have the highest contribution in terms of the traction power for cultivation as well as producing milk, meat, fertilizer and energy. Only Wotembi and Addis Betekiristian have a significant number of Sheep, Goat and Poultry. Further Bee hives for honey production is recorded only in Fogera Woreda. Moreover according to the ANRS Investment office report, due to the wider importance of cattle, farmers in crop-livestock production system are more inclined to increase numbers of their cattle (ANRS Investment Office, 2007). Table 3.4 provides below the breakup of livestock by Kebele.

Table 3.4 – Livestock Population in the Project kebeles of RIDP Phase I Name of Kebele Cattle Equines Sheep + Goats Poultry Bee Hives Libo-kemkem Woreda Angot Agela 3001 174 583 Bira Abo 4494 577 1687 Bura Eigizibiheri Ab 7510 102 956 Shina Tsion 4652 581 1100 Fogera Woreda Awa Kokit 4576 375 718 3785 290 Dibasifatra 15258 1196 2243 12060 1191 Reb Gebreal 5769 583 913 5646 359 Tiwuha Zekena 7191 1033 3029 4653 571

3.2.4 Crop Production 41. The main crops grown in the region are cereals, pulses and oil seeds. Among the grown crops in the two woredas, cereals have the largest share followed by pulses and oilseeds. Based on discussions, it was recorded that Paddy (60%), Teff (25%), Oats (5%), Chick pea (5%), Millet (4%), other (1%), are the major crops grown in the area. Among these kebeles Tiwuha Ena, Bura and Shina Tsion are the the largest producers of cereals.

3.3 Social Services and Infrastructure 42. Table 3.5 presents the details on existing facilities such as social service institutions, water sources, in the affected Kebeles in the Project area.

Table 3.5 – Social Service institutions in the project affected kebeles Educational Institutions Health Religious institution Name of Kebele Primary Secondary Health post Health centre Clinic Churches Mosque Libo-kemkem Woreda Angot Agela 2 - 1 - - Bira Abo 3 - 1 - - Bura Eigizibiheri 3 - 1 - - Ab Shina Tsion 1 - 1 - - Fogera Woreda Awa Kokit 4 - 1 - - 3 Dibasifatra 5 - 1 - - 5 Reb Gebreal 2 - 1 - - 4 Tiwuha Zekena 4 - 1 - - 5

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3.4 Major Government Programs/Projects/Plans on-going in the Project Area 43. Major government, plans and programs are presented below:

A. National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia (2010-2015): The specific goals of the NSP are:  By 2015, achieve malaria elimination within specific geographical areas with historically low malaria transmission  By 2015, achieve near zero malaria transmission in the remaining malarious areas of the country

The NSP provides a detailed account on the status and direction of the major malaria prevention and control strategies that include community empowerment and mobilization, early diagnosis and treatment, selective vector control, surveillance and epidemic control, as well as supporting strategies that include Monitoring and Evaluation, human resources development and operational research.

Component 1: Community Empowerment and Mobilisation: Community empowerment and mobilization are central to malaria prevention and control. Ethiopia’s Health Extension Program educates, mobilizes and involves the community in all aspects and stages of malaria control and leads to increased ownership of the program. The objectives of component 1 are: 1) 100% of people living in malarious areas recognize the importance of using an LLIN, having their house sprayed, implementing environmental control interventions where appropriate and seeking treatment within 24 hours of fever onset for the prevent ion of malaria and 2)100% of health posts in malarious Kebeles provide the full health extension package including out reach services, social communication and mobilization and model family households.

Component 2: Diagnosis and Case Management: To improve the quality of malaria diagnosis and treatment at peripheral health facilities (health posts) pan specific RDTs are now being int roduced. HEWs will be trained on the use of multi-species RDTs in the integrated refresher training (IRT). Treatment seeking behaviour of the population is persistently low. The objectives of component 2 are: 1) 100% of suspected malaria cases are diagnosed using RDTs and or microscopy within 24 hours of fever onset; 2) 100% of positive malaria diagnoses are treated according to national guidelines and 3) 100% of severe malaria cases are managed according to national guidelines.

Component 3: Prevention: The main major vector control activities implemented in the country include IRS, LLINs and environmental control. The objective of this component is to ensure that 100% of households in malarious areas own one LLIN per sleeping space, and that at least 80% of people at risk of malaria use LLINs. This will be achieved by both covering the existing gap (catch-up) and replacing worn out nets (keep- up), geographically targeting households in need. IRS is currently targeted to cover epidemic-prone areas and malaria-affected communities with low access to the health care system. Environmental control will be implemented where appropriate, and based on further risk mapping exercises. This will include mobilizing communities to remove larval breeding sites and vector larvae positive sites will be treated with anti-larval chemicals.

Component 4: Active Surveillance and Epidemic Control: The national emphasis on further reducing transmission will rely on the existing prevent ion coverage and additionally focus on “surveillance” – the process of finding of individual human cases, treating and performing case investigation to identify the source and possible spread, with the aim of preventing any further malaria transmission. Therefore, this NSP aims to achieve a high quality, broadly based malaria infection detection, investigation and response ‘Surveillance System’ to further reduce malaria transmission and improve the detection and timely response to malaria epidemics.

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Component 5: Health system strengthening and capacity building: Monitoring and Evaluation activities, described in the Malaria Program M&E Plan, will measure program effectiveness. The M&E system will be used to demonstrate that the Malaria Program efforts have had measurable sustained impacts on the outcomes of interest. Monitoring will entail the routine tracking of the key elements of program performance.

B. Tana & Beles Integrated Water Resources Development is operational on 85,026 ha in the upper catchments of Ribb, Gumara and Jema rivers, tributaries flowing to Lake Tana. Further it promotes advanced soil and water conservation methods in 163 community watersheds, comprising 44,380 households.

C. Food security program was developed based on the National Food Security strategy that was formulated at the Federal level and subsequently implemented at the region level for the drought prone woredas. It was devised based on analysis of previous three years of regional production data; number of population dependent upon relief since 1993, food balance situation of all woredas, population carrying capacity and future scenario. The long term goal of FSP was “food security for the chronic and transitorily food insecure households in Ethiopia achieved”. It had three major interventions in its first phase – Productive Safety Net programs, Resettlement Programs and other food programs. Together the following programmes aim to move people in chronically food insecure woredas towards a position of food security in the following manner.

D. The Productive Safety Net Programme provides a safety net for chronically food insecure households and also non-chronic households affected by shocks. Through the public works infrastructure built it contributes to a local enabling environment for community development. The objective of the Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) is: ‘To assure food consumption and prevent asset depletion for food insecure households in chronically food insecure woredas, while stimulating markets, improving access to services and natural resources, and rehabilitating and enhancing the natural environment.’ Looking deeper into the objective, it focuses on: chronically food insecure woredas; on food insecure households – primarily chronically food insecure households but also those who are transitory; aims to assure food consumption, so that chronically food insecure people have enough food to eat throughout the year; aims to prevent asset depletion, so that food insecure households do not have to lose their assets in order to provide food for themselves; It aims to address underlying causes of food insecurity by rehabilitating the natural resources base; and aims to have a positive impact by stimulating markets and injecting cash into rural economies.

A. The Household Asset Building Program (HABP) supports individual households to grow their own household economy, through appropriate investments. This helps chronic households to rise up from the platform provided by the safety net, and helps households to move towards full food security.

B. The Complementary Community Investments aims to complement PSNP public works infrastructure, which are primarily labour-intensive works, while CCI relies on capital-intensive, and therefore, typically larger, infrastructural works. This further adds to the local enabling environment for food security and growth. It includes sustainable land management, forestry and agro-forestry development, water resource development (hand dug well, spring and river diversions, social infrastructure such as health post, animal post, road maintenance, construction of bunds, gully- reclamation and vegetation.

C. The Resettlement Programme aims to assist chronically food insecure households to voluntarily relocate to areas where they may be able to develop a better and more sustainable livelihood.

D. Agricultural Extension Program: The aim of the extension program is to increase the agricultural production by increasing the use of modern agricultural inputs, credit facilities and technical assistance. The program provides technical assistance to farmers by the agricultural extension workers who are selected from the village and high school graduates with 3 to 9 months special training on agricultural

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activities, conservation and other areas related to agricultural production.

3.6 Household Baseline Status of PAHs of RIDP Phase I 44. A baselinesurvey was carried out forthe Project Affected Households in phase 1 area.Besides, ascertaining their income and expenditure details by source, it also gathered information on their awareness of the project; their perceptions relating to the likely positive and adverse impacts; their livestock holding; ownership of structures by type of usage; enrolment in ongoing government programs; demographic details of the household; and finally on type of support and assistances that they expect to accrue to them from the project.. For more detailsSee Annexure 3.1for details by Woreda and Appendix 3.1for details of each household (in CD).

i. PAPs segregated by Gender: RIDP Phase I will impact a total of 20,047 PAPs (9,950PAPsin phase 1 area and 10097 in phase 2 area) of which(53.06%) are males while the balance are female (46.94%). The break up for both woreda is similar.

ii. Marital status: Of these PAPs, 43.18% are single, while 48.32% are married, with the balance being either divorced, widowed or separated.

iii. Education levels: Illiteracy is very high amongst the PAPs as 53.32% are illiterate, while 14.79% can read and write. It is followed by 11.36% of PAPs who are educated upto Grade (5-8). 8.18% of the PAPs have education upto Grade (1-4). 7.94% of the PAPs have education beyond Grade 5-8, i.e. upto Grade 11-12. Only 2.40% of the PAPs have education upto Vocation/College level.

iv. Physical condition of PAPs: 98.72% of the PAPs reported to be in a healthy condition. 0.46% of the PAPs (92 persons) are handicapped ( by birth) and 0.97% (194 persons) have chronic health problems

v. Employment: 68.32% of the PAPs are employed. In terms of occupation, farming is sole occupation for 57.75% of the PAPs, while 31.16% of PAPs are having multiple occupations including farming, livestock and daily labor, etc. Livestock is the other major occupation for 9.40% of PAPs. Petty Trade (0.17%) and Spinning (0.07) are relatively less pursued as a sole occupation by PAPs.

vi. Income and Expenditure: The average annual income per household for RIDP Phase I kebele PAHs is ETB. 30,949.92. 47.30% of the PAHs have income in excess of ETB 25,000/year, while 26.95% have incomes between ETB 15-25,000/year. Breakup of income by sources indicates Agriculture (95.83%) as a very high proportion of the total. Of the balance, land related activities such as leasing or renting out of land for cultivation constitutes more than half (2.26%) and sale of animal bye products or livestock (0.95%). Petty Trading, employment of family members, financial support from family members, relatives / friends constitute insignificant proportion of the income. ETB 13,702.80 is average annual expenditure of the PAHs. Medical care, Education and House maintenance comprise 22.93% of the expenditure, while Social and Religious events represent 22% and consumables such as salt, sugar and oil constitute 21.14%. Farm inputs and livestock feed together constitute 23.30% of the household expenditure. 47.14% of the PAHs indicate expenditure in the range between ETB 10-15000/year.

vii. Livestock holding: In respect of holdings of livestock and poultry, 85% of PAHs indicated poultry, followed by strong preference for animals which help in tilling the land such as Buffalo/Oxen (59%), and/or help with transportation such as Mules (58%) and Donkey (39%). Goats (4%) and Sheep (7%) are least held. viii. Enrollment in programs of government or NGOs: 29.57% of the PAHs indicate has having benefitted from some government program or other and most of these PAHs include the provision of malaria nets i.e. Long lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) as having been provided to them. 9.87% of the PAHs state LLIN as the only program that they had been involved in recently. Household Asset Building Program (HABP) (0.05%),

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Livelihood Extension Package (0.38%), Crop improvements (0.38%) and Skill development (0.55%) are the other programs reported by PAHs.

ix. Project Awareness: 95% of the PAHs reported awareness regarding the project. The major sources of awareness indicated were Kebele officials (42%) and Kebele consultations/Survey activities (43%). 9% of the PAHs reported other sources such as neighbors, or other interacted from other kebeles, etc. 5% of the PAHs indicated multiple sources. Radio, and newspaper constituted insignificant proportion as as source of awareness.

x. Deemed positive impacts: Amongst the potential positive impacts informed to the PAHs such as Increase in land productivity, Assured water supply, Temporary work opportunities, Increase in business opportunity, Increase in no. of crops/season, Membership of Water user groups, Increase in market access, Increase in facilities in the area, 68.74% of PAHs believe that the project will increase land productivity, assure water supply and other varied positive impacts such as increase in temporary work opportunities, increase market access, facilities in the area. 25.80% of the PAHs believe at least two of the above mentioned benefits or positive impacts will accrue to them Few respondents indicated only one aspect as a positive outcome of the project such as increase in land productivity (1.91%), assured water supply (1.15%) and temporary work opportunities (2.24%)

xi. Type of Support and Assistances expected: 64.76% of PAHs have expectations of more than two of the benefits such as training on crop practices, seed inputs, credit facilities, water conservation practices, provision of fertilizers, trainings on market related activities, financial literacy and skill development. Any two of these likely benefits are expected atleast by 30.44% of the PAHs. Fertilizers as the sole expected assistance is indicated at least 2.54% of the PAHs.

xii. Anticipated adverse impacts: 28.1% consider the loss of portion of land and structures on land as the major and sole adverse impact. 33.99% consider multiple i.e. at least more than two adverse impacts which include pressure on existing infrastructure, conflicts with outsiders and increase in accidents. xiii. Opinion on RIDP: Overall majority of the PAH (77.03%) consider the project to be good or useful to them, while 14.13% are not sure of the project when considering the positive and adverse impacts. 8.89% of the respondent PAHs, consider the project as not useful.

3.7 Socio-Economic Profile of PAH of RIDP Phase I 45. Socio-Economic profiling of the PAH was carried out on 229 PAHs – a10% sample size for the whole kebeles in phase 1 area. Results are presented below(See Annexure 3.2 for details by Woreda and Appendix 3.2 for Household level details ): i. Membership of community organizations/cooperative societies: Overall 36.81% of the surveyed households indicated that they are members to community organization like Idir while only 0.55% indicated membership to Ikub. 32.97% of PAH indicated membership to Cooperative societies. Other membership included Informal labor exchange groups (15.93%). Membership to multiple such organizations were indicated by 13.19% of the PAH. In Libo-kemkem 100% of the PAHs surveyed indicated membership to informal labor exchange groups. In terms of membership of cooperative societies such as savings and credit association, 67.05% PAHs indicated membership. 68.0% indicated that CBOs and cooperative societies are not established, while 19.44% indicated that they do not like to join them. 6.94% PAHs indicated inability to fulfill financial obligation as the main reason for not being a member.

ii. Major problems in the project area: Respondents indicated multiple problems as being prevalent in the area: While 53.49% of the respondents indicated multiple problems such as poor roads, lack of market

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place etc., others stated Poor roads (2.79%), lack of market place (5.12%), Malaria prevalence (13.49%), poor water supply (25.12%) as their main concerns.

iii. Awareness regarding HIV/AIDS epidemic and measures taken: 96.5% of the respondents indicated awareness with respect to HIV/AIDS. While in Fogera the awareness is high at 96.10%, in Libo-kemkem it is higher at 97.33%. Awareness regarding usage of condom as a preventive measure was low at 17.18%, while 63.44% responded stating monogamous sex as the main preventive measure.

iv. Malaria prevalence and preventive measures:93.89% indicated awareness of Malaria prevalence. Home chemical spray (63.44%) and draining of marshy places (17.18%) were amongst the main preventive measures indicated. Usage of Mosquito Net or Long Lasting Insecticidal Net (LLIN) as a measure was low at 4.85%.

v. Major diseases in the family: Malaria, and other ailments such as Diarrhea, skin infection were indicated by 56.25% of the respondents.

vi. Drinking water issues: Hand dug well as the main source of drinking water supply was indicated by 29.39% of the respondents. While river water was reported by 10.96% of the respondents, Protected Spring was another major source as reported by 14.04 of the respondents. Multiple sources of drinking water was reported by 59.65% of the PAHs. In terms of problems with water supply, 33.01% indicated quality as the main issue, 44.02% indicated multiple issues such as shortage in quantity, reliability of water available. Consumption of daily water was recorded to highest amongst those consuming less than 2 litres of water per day (45.11%). Use of Wuhagar in cleaning water was indicated by 72.37% of the respondents, while only 11.52% indicated usage of Chlorine.

vii. Waste disposal facilities: Usage of waste disposal in fields (40.27%) was followed by usage of corner of home compound (23.98%) of the respondents. Only 5.42% indicated usage of either Flush toilet or pit latrine. 30.02% indicated multiple facilities as being used. 57.45% reported lack of importance as the main reason for not having a latrine in the homes. Other reasons cited included lack of capital (5.85%) and lack of labor to dig the pit (2.66%), lack of space in the compound (1.06%). viii. Education related aspects: 66.06% of the respondents indicated that their children are attending schools. While 55.92% of respondents in Fogera indicated attendance to schools, in Libo-kemkem, the percentage was significantly higher at 88.41%. Reasons for not attending school included reasons such as supporting family in agriculture and domestic works (30.32%), followed by reason of school being far (13.55%). 23.23% respondent stated as their children being under age to attend school. Early marriage (2.58%), not enough money for school materials (1.29%) and behavioral problems of children (1.29%) were amongst other reasons.

ix. Credit services, borrowing: Overall, availing of credit services, borrowing money was low amongst the respondents at 18.83%. While in Fogera it was extremely low at 9.27%, the figure was higher in Libo- kemkem at 38.89%. 81.17% indicated as not having availed of any credit during the last one year. Amount borrowed ranged from ETB 800 to 9600. The purpose forborrowing was recorded as being agricultural input purchase (77.5%), Livestock purchase (5%) and household consumption (5%) and Business activities (2.5%). Main source of borrowing was indicated as Micro Finance Institutions (MFIs) at 55%. Friends, relatives and neighbors as a source to borrow from, were recorded for 27.5% of the respondents. Multiple constraints to borrowing were indicated. Amongst major ones were high interest rates (58.82%), lack of information on credit availability (17.65) and lack of collateral (9.63%) for availing credit.

x. In light of the above, approaches normally adopted to meet agricultural, capital needs were queried of the respondents. 20.75% of the PAHs indicated sale of own assets as the approach adopted to meet their

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agricultural capital needs. Other approaches included sale of livestock (9.43%) and borrowing from friends and relatives (35.85%).

xi. Energy type and sources: While multiple sources such as kerosene, wood, animal dung, charcoal and crop residue were indicated as the type used by 72.89% of the respondents, 22.67% indicated wood exclusively as their type of energy used. Multiple sources were indicated by 76.58% of the respondents, while 15.32% indicated own plot of wood or forest, followed by 5.41% of respondents who exclusively indicated own plots as the source.

xii. Transportation: 64.25% indicated own means of transportation. Pack animals (66.99%) followed by carrying it themselves (on their heads) as the other major means. xiii. Cultivation: In Fogera, 100% of the respondents indicated river as the source of water for their farming activities. 85.88% of the respondents indicated supplementary irrigation as the source of crop production. Major crops under supplementary irrigation were indicated by 82.49% of the respondents as cereal crops, following by perennial crops (7.39%). Major crops under rainfed cultivation included cereal crops (61.71%) followed by perennial crops (1.80%). Oxen as the source to till the land were indicated by 91.89% of the respondents. Agricultural inputs are being obtained from private suppliers by 67.76% of the households followed by cooperative unions (5.61%). xiv. Multiple constraints to agricultural production were indicated by 76.66% of the PAHs which included animal diseases, feed problem, money or credit facilities, supply of improved seeds and supply of fertilizer. 15.07% of the respondents were indicated by respondents as the main problem followed by 5.48% of the respondents who indicated animal diseases.

xv. In terms of veterinary services, 59.07% of the respondents indicated multiple services as being available such as cattle vaccination, sheep and goat vaccination, livestock treatment for external and internal parasites, artificial insemination and castration. 28.37% of the respondents indicated cattle vaccination (28.37%), livestock treatment for external parasite (4.65%) and internal parasites (7.91%) as the only services available. River (54.11%) and traditional well (28.50%) were the main sources of water for livestock. With regard to cattle feed sources, communal grazing land (31.88%), private grazing land (0.48%) were indicated. 67.64% of the respondents included multiple sources which included other sources such as fallow land, swampy areas, road side, hilly and sloppy areas, shrubs and bushes and crop residue. xvi. Material used for construction: Corrugated Iron Sheet for roof followed by Grass as construction material were indicated by 68.56% and31.44% of the respondents respectively. While mud, stone, cement creed, bamboo splits are materials available, 99.13% of the respondents indicated mud as the main material used for floor of the house. Wood and mud as the only material used for construction of walls were indicated by 100% of the respondents.

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CHAPTER 4 – STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS

46. Public consultation is a critical & an imperative part of the resettlement & rehabilitation process. According to Article 43(2), of the federal & regional Constitutions, nationals/the residents of the regional state, respectively, have the right to participate in national development and, in particular, to be consulted with respect to policies and projects affecting their community. Also according to Articles 35(6) & Article 35(9) of the federal & regional Constitutions respectively, women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the designing & execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests of women. Ensuing paragraphs present a summary of the consultations with various stakeholders.

4.1 Stakeholder workshops Two stakeholder consultations workshops were held on July 18th and 20th 2012 and subsequent consultations March and May 2013, 0, at Addis Zemen and Woreta towns. 173 persons comprising representatives of communities, NGOs, churches, project officials in the region, woreda officials and Kebele managers and officials from BoEPLAU, Amhara region and Woredas participated. Specifically, 12 persons from Ebinat, 18 persons from Farta woreda, 11 persons from Amhara Region participated in the workshop with the balance from Fogera and Libo-kemkem. Since the project is delayed with potential for design changes, this RAP will be updated and its implementation will require that public and key stakeholder (PAPs) be consulted again during the actual implementation period to ensure that the PAPs are aware of their rights and obligations.

47. The consultant team comprising the Team Leader, Engineering expert, Socio-economist, and Legal expert, briefed the gathering on the project, presented the scope of work and spoke about issues relating to legal framework, social and gender issues and design options considered10. Some of the key issues raised, particularly on command area and responses given are presented in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 – Summary of key issues of Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Issues raised Responses given Land redistribution in Land redistribution/management in relation to modern irrigation is an absolute precondition for modern relation to modern farm. Through the land redistribution process every farmer within the project command area, i.e. irrigation. farmers directly impacted by structures & farmers not directly impacted by irrigation structures, shall contribute their share to the project. The end effect will be proportional reduction of landholding size, which is not the same land size as existed before. The land redistribution process shall be based on all pertinent information to do the exercise legally. Planning and In case of the irrigation scheme areas, utmost care vide design has been exercised to avoid any compensation for possible impact by the project on graveyard sites including on religious structures. graveyards Land donation to If the donation has been finalized based on recognized legal documentation & a rural landholding book family member and has been issued in the name of the new landholder, the legal verification shall be registered in the verification & name of the new landholder & the compensation shall be paid to the new landholder. Otherwise, the compensation verification of title to land shall be registered in the name of the original landholder & the compensation shall be paid to the original landholder. public participation Regional guidelines require the presence of farmers during such important activities There are especially with respect established procedures for that purpose. Prior notice has to be given by the project to the respective to land size farmers, to attend during such important activity. This could be done in consultation with the respective measurement, Property Survey committee, with Woreda Administration & kebele representatives. The presence of registration of farmers would also help in undertaking other project related activities like signing on the property

10As originally planned the irrigation design was to be ready in 2010, these stakeholder workshops were organized to disseminate information on the project and also commence the survey activities, however the final design was received only in April 2011. Presentations made during the stakeholder workshops are in Consultant records

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Table 4.1 – Summary of key issues of Stakeholder Consultation Workshop Issues raised Responses given assets/properties registration document by & for photographing of the project affected people. Further prior to asset valuation, kebele level disclosure shall inform each and every PAP of the asset that was recorded at the time of survey. valuation committee The Property Valuation Committee shall be established from the relevant offices of the respective composition and tasks woreda administration, respective kebeles & the Consultant. One Committee shall be established in each woreda. The Committee is legally recognized as an alternative body to do valuation exercise related to assets & other economic interests impacted by the project based on rates collected from the market and/or available government price information. The valuation document then shall be send to the Region for its review & approval. Counselling affected RAP Consultant shall suggest appropriate measures such as provision of financial literacy e.g. carried people to utilize out in Koga irrigation project and others, in its RAP Report. money judiciously

4.2 Community Consultations 48. Community consultations and FGDs were organized with a total of 569 participants at 8 kebeles – 4 each in Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woredas. The Woreda and Kebele administrations were requested to inform the respective kebeles and ensure that the date and time are convenient to the community members, particularly as it was the farming season. These consultations also included officials from Kebele administration and kebele extension workers. (See Appendix 4.1 for Fogera and Appendix 4.2 for Libo-kemkem for minutes and list of participants in Volume I – Appendices).

49. Community Consultation: Information regarding the project, its aim, coverage and intended results were conveyed to the communities. Also the participants were informed of their legal rights to get irrigated land in the command area of the project along with subsequent requirements of formation of water user associations, water user fees that needs to be paid and other responsibilities of the members of such IWUAs. Specifically, the following benefits likely due to the project were conveyed:  Dependence on rains reduced  Reduced impacts from flooding, waterlogging  Increased cropping intensity due to the provision of dry season irrigation water  Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry  Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and drainage and improved access to seeds and markets  Improved livestock husbandry and productivity  Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculture  More income leading to better education for children and other medical facilities  More usage of modern farm implements  Increased secondary economic activities - agriculturally-related goods and services - and associated local employment, including for scheme operation and maintenance  Improved road access, with many associated benefits, particularly in light of negligible or nil access in some kebeles particularly during rainy seasons;  Special provisions for vulnerable households (old, women headed, HIV/AIDS)  Reduced burden for women in particular with better access, markets, etc.  Temporary opportunities during the long construction period o Jobs – temporary o Provision of vehicles, canteen services and other labor – unskilled and semi-skilled

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50. Subsequently, the discussion was opened with the public to elicit their views, concerns, suggestions with respect to the project. The discussions are presented below in Table 4.2 (also see Photo 4.1):

Table 4.2 – Community Consultations: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raised Responses provided on RIDP If the project is to displace us by taking our The project needs different lands for constructing canals and reservoirs. But cropland, then why do we have to individuals who are to lose their land will be compensated sufficiently (on an participate in this meeting? annual basis), Permanently they will get land through voluntary redistribution process to be made by the concerned committee. Everybody including PAPs and other members in the project command area is required to contribute around 10% of their land Is there no other alternative to taking of There is no feasible way other than taking land from farmer for the sake of farm land of farmers? irrigation. Thus, farmers will contribute such lands for their own benefit.

Is compensation to be effected ahead of Yes indeed. Compensation for affected assets shall be made before the land take. the construction phase of the project? The exact time may not be known for the time being but it is for sure before construction. What solution do you have for ground The project infrastructure will have positive impact in that it will drain unnecessary water over flooding and excess water, and thus also preventing waterlogging and providing a breeding ground for diseases. Will there be payment for water supply to  As it was done in other kebeles like Bebbekis of Fogera, having irrigation the project? experience, water use association will be established by the community and some form of payments for maintenance and cleaning would be required. These aspects will be clarified later  The farmers shall not pay for the construction cost. But minor costs may be expected to be covered by the farmers through Water Use Association as in other irrigation beneficiary kebeles like Bebekis of Fogera. The Water Users Association shall be established for proper water utilization, structure maintenance, cleaning, and other minor running costs of the scheme.

Expected start of the project 2015 How long will it take for the project to be The time will be known after the end of main contract negotiation with the implemented? More specifically by when contractor. The time required for the construction will be known shortly. can we get the water for irrigation? Road access particularly in rainy season is One of the benefits of the project is road access. Particularly in the construction serious problem in the kebele currently. Is phase there will be more and permanent roads. Thus, in that time the problem will there any immediate solution for this? be solved for good.

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Table 4.2 – Community Consultations: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raised Responses provided Particiapnts’ Views, feelings, relating to the  It is quite important to change our living standard if it also considers market project and benefits expected problem which is a headache currently. We have an experience of irrigation with motors. Then the project will automatically solve this problem which is our bright hope  Eager to see the start of the project which will ensure water supply all year round which in turn leads to high yield and variety of crops, fodder provision, income generation for schooling our children, medical care etc.  We are awaiting the project eagerly because now adays water shortage has becoming source of conflicts even among relatives. Depending on the rain we could not produce adequate food for our household. If we have irrigated land we can produce multiple times a year and the production and the productivity shall also be increased. So feel that the project is very beneficial for us.  Some farmers in our kebeles got a chance to visit irrigation projects like koga. Thus such irrigation projects are very much impressive for production increment (crop type/variety, crop quality, livestock production) as well as water provision in dry times sustainably. Furthermore, crop residues will be good sources for livestock feed. Recurrent costs will be saved which were used for water pumps and fuel. The critical question is why project is not being implemented as soon as possible  More food available; Use cash from land to develop a business in town and More available transport particularly in rainy season as well as huge job opportunity particularly in construction phases. provision of communal grazing land Over cultivation is known to influence land Such issues may need more discussion with other higher officials and the productivity negatively. So why not community at large. The focus of the project is not on grazing lands but on crop distribute grazing lands to residents of the land. There are also applicable laws that aim to protect grazing land. Distribution kebele of grazing land might also have adverse impact on environmental protection so it is better to use grazing land for fodder production than crop culativation. Is there a room to compensate farmers It is expected that farmers who will lose their asset (may be cropland, house, other from communal grazing lands instead of assets) will be compensated as per the compensation norms of Amhara region making land redistribution among irrigation EPLUA land administration proclamation. Thus, if all of the people agree to make beneficiaries? communal lands available for land redistribution, it will be considered. Moreover, communal lands will be productive by allowing water and planting palatable fodder grasses. It will improve the livestock situation. But decision can’t be made at this moment. Perceived impacts on cultural property If the irrigation structures are to cause Church is among those institutions in which irrigation structures will not impact. destruction of our churches, irrespective of The project has differently sized canals.The project will ensure that the tertiary the importance of this irrigation and canals are designed and constructed in such a way that no church structure is drainage project, implementation of project impacted. Any previous designs will be corrected and compoy with this condition. will be rejected.

Compensation and redistribution If farmers are to lose their crop land for the Every PAP will be encouraged to contribute certain amount of land for canals and project. What will be their fate? For how other structures.For the temporary loss of land before the irrignation scheme starts many years is the compensation to be operation, there will be annual compensation for loss of crop production untill made? irrigable land becomes available and PAPs will be compensated on the basis of the RAP’s entitlement matrix.

Different awareness creation has been It is known that asset inventory has been conducted in each project affected made about the project starting from kebeles with clear cut-off date. Compensation will be made for those assets 2010/2011. Based on our understanding including house if they are registered at the time of asset inventory. Permanent

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Table 4.2 – Community Consultations: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raised Responses provided houses constructed after such orientation structures constructed and/or improvements to those structures after the time of are not to be compensated. What is the asset inventory shall not be compensated. current information about this issue? If land is not to be redistributed to landless Firstly to get benefit from Ribb irrigation and drainage project, you have to have people, how can poverty be eliminated your own farmland. Landless people will benefit from temporary and permanent job opportuntiies created by the irrigation development and the construction work that take place. Landless people are expected to benefit from small business opportunities by selling food and drikns for workers If money is a compensation for house to be As per the Region’s land administration proclamation a farmer has a right to build destructed for irrigation structures, where one house in either of her/his lands. Then after getting the compensation make it can we build it? anywhere you like. What will be the problem if a farmer is Such land fragmentation is not good for managing the farm land. Criteria will be made to get farmland on 3 sites? set and applied duringland redistribution

Why is land redistribution necessary? The As water should flow towards your cropland, land for canal construction and other land redistribution is not clear. Is it going to purposes is required It is common in any irrigation project to do land displace people from residence and redistribution.The reason is that there will be farmers who will lose their lands for farmland? canal and other structure. While others may not lose their land for such structures but they are beneficiaries from the water. So as to make both group of farmers to be beneficiary, every farmer will be encouraged to contribute less than 10% of his/her land. That is why compensation is needed both in cash for PAPs directly affected by project design infrastructure on an annual basis and land redistribution to all farmers when all land is irrigated and available for cultivation A land redistribution committee will be established for this purpose. A grievance committee will be established in communication with the woreda administration and EPLAUA offices. Land redistribution will not include landless ones. There will not be land redistribution for the landless individuals. Individual difference in land holding size will not be also included in the land redistribution. For the sake of saving time, energy and money, fragmented lands will be made to be nearby (consolidated) as much as possible. The Amhara Region Land Administration proclamation related with irrigation works also stated that it is strongly advisable to minimize the number of fragmented farm plots for the aforementioned reason.

The productivity potentials of crop land do Redistribution is necessary for the following fundamental reasons. differ greatly. Why is redistribution a  To bring those fragmented lands into one spot. necessity?  To compensate those farmers who are to lose their land for irrigation structures canals, reservoir as per proposed design, while others will continue to have plots without being directly adversely affected but will be beneficiaries  Redistribution will ensure so that less size of land proportionate to current holding will beexperienced by all both those who had to give away their land for the construction and those whose land is not affected by the construction as this is a fair practice. In recent times, Ribb river changed it This project is totally different from what you are talking about. The Ribb project is direction frequently. Consequently, About backed by international funding (World Bank) and surely will compensate the 44 farmers lost their land due to redirection PAPs according to the agreed actions in the RAP’s entitlement matrix. of the flow of the river done by government purposely. This has resulted in taking productive land from farmers without compensation . Based on such badexperience, how do we farmers believe you that you will redistribute land to

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Table 4.2 – Community Consultations: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raised Responses provided compensate our land which will be lost for construction purposes? Furthermore, thhere is a bad experience in The project has its own phase to accomplish its works. Thus, every work including the kebele suffering from very much land redistribution will be made before water supply. Because, all farmers should delayed land compensation which Chinese start benefiting from the project at the same time. took lands in power poles staking. Based on this experience, is land redistribution to be made after water supply or before? The irrigation water is for us. Why does The government pays compensation only for the permanent assets developed on the project/government need to the land which are affected by the construction of the irrigation infrastructure so compensate farmers? Does the project that you can rebuild on the unaffected portion of your land. Since you are going to want to displace farmers from their experience loss of crop production during this period, the project shall pay for loss residence after giving compensation? of income from crop production for the duration from land take for construction until the holder gets irrigable land after land redistribution. Those who are not affected by the construction activity shall not be paid any compensation.

The project shall not displace the PAPs from the command area. This minor expropriation is only for the construction phase. The same thing was done in other Irrigation schemes, for instance, Koga, west Gojam and Kobo Girana, north Wollo. Until recently,we have been using the Ribb It is clear that there is water shortage in dry season as it was common in the last River for small scale irrigation and for 3-4 years. The project hasn’t stopped the water in the reservoir area. The reason growing vegetables like onion. However for the reduced flow of the river can be: natural water decline in the sources or the project stopped the river from coming may be due to presence of many water beneficiaries in upper kebeles like Rib to downstream and now we are facing a Gebriel and Wotemb using water pumps. serious shortage of water. Why the project does stop the river flow to downstream? Farmers have fragmented crop lands As per the land administration proclamation of Amhara Region, a maximum of two having productivity difference. plots of fragmented lands is allowed.The request to having more fragmented plots 1. How many plots of land is allowed for (at least in 3 plots ) will be presented to higher officials for consideration. As far each farmer?? as productivity difference is concerned, the land administration proclamation 2. How does the project compromise the allows having more or less the same productive potential to be used for productivity potential difference among the compensation. As a matter of fact, large difference is not expected in plain lands different plots of land during land of fogera. Productivity differences will be taken into consideration during land redistribution? redistribution.

If the project is not to be implemented as Since the project is huge it needs time. Expecting it in short time may not be soon as possible, a serious conflict will be possible. After 2-3 months, the construction work has a likelyhood to be started at induced in the near future. How long will dam site. Then, it may take 4-5 years to complete. the project take to supply water? The contractor will be informed of the shortage of water for downstream users so that he could minimize wastage by construction activities. It is heard that compensation will be given One of the stakeholders for this projectsthese projects is the woreda land for those farmers having land certificate. administration and environmental protection office which is currently delineating But most farmers didn’t get the land the few pockets of grazing and encroached land. The Woreda administration, after certificate. What shall we farmers do? addressing the grazing land encroachment issues will be able to provide the land certificate as has already been done in some of the kebeles. Inventory and inheritance How is compensaton paid to some of us Unless it is put in the land holding book, the compensation will be for those having who have exchanged our land laterally and the legal title or ownership claim.Those who have exchanged land informally will informally without going through the legal have to formalize it thorugh the existing procedure and include it in their holding procedurs ie. by ourselves. book. I gave cropland for my son but my name is Compensation will be processed for those individuals having land certificate in only present in the land certificate. How is their name. Thus, it is you who will get the compensation rather than your son. the compensation to be processed?

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Table 4.2 – Community Consultations: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raised Responses provided

Who do you pay compensation to if during Compensation will be processed for those individuals having land certificate in inventory, the owner of a house on a plot their hand. which will be removed due to construction is different from the actual owner of the plot of land on which the house stands? How is the project going to support First they will be identified and included in the RAP. The RAP will also make vulnerable groups (women headed recommendations based on consultation with you and stakeholders and based on households, elderly people and HIV/AIDS survey findings. What to confirm now is that surely the project will have a sound victims)? support for such disadvantaged groups.

Some farmers have cropland obtained as a Compensation will be processed only for those individuals who have legal land form of “gift”. Can they get the certificate in their land or have lawful right to it.If this is done in an informal way, compensation? the person who has the legal ownership will be paid compensation. Many farmers in the kebele didn’t get land This is a basic and fundamental issue. The woreda administration office together certificate. How is compensation to be with the EPLUA office is considering the case critically. All possible quick processed under such condition? measures will be taken so that all farmers will get the land certificate as soon as We have legal inheritance but we have no possible. Further, the RAP’s Grievnace Redress mechanism will be used to the land certificate. How can we get the resolved such issues. compensation? Awareness Do we have a chance to visit those areas This is an important question. Fortunately, this issue was raised and discussed by such as irrigation projects? Is there any concerned bodies of the project so that it will be done shortly. Some of you from probability to visit irrigation projects like Libo Woreda have already implemented irrigation projects and the ongoing Koga of west Gojam? progress of Rib Dam construction at Ebinat. Concerned bodies will be informed and effort will be made to organize a visit.  What type crops are to be grown on the  Your preference to crop type is left for you. In summer season, you can grow irrigated land? your usual white gold, “Rice”. In the dry times you have the option of growing  Our major and staple food source is rice, whatever is profitable for you. . Does the project require farmers to grow  It should be clear that farmers have freedom to choose any type of crop to grow only onion or tomato? particularly in the main rainy season. You can grow what you like. As far as irrigation is concerned, it is good if you see what crops are needed in the market and to get better income. Anyways the choice is yours. The project will partner with the Ministry of Agriculture for possible extension services. How is the project going to address the Proper marketing chains will be established. Moreover, all-weather-road will be problem of market that has caused a lot of opened for each project affected kebeles to facilitate transportation access. suffering for farmers? Trainings will also be given in relation to marketing. There shall also be association as Water Users Association who will be responsible for the market search. We can confirm that appropriate arrangement shall be made with the help of the government for the marketing. On PAPs of Ribb Reservoir Included in the Rib Reservoir RAP cleared ealier and is currently under implementation

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Table 4.2 – Community Consultations: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raised Responses provided What is the fate of the people at Ebinat and As it is clearly stated in the guidelines, when holdings of farmers are expropriated Farta Woreda who are losing their cropland for the purpose of irrigation works, they shall be provided with proportional and homestead for dam construction and irrigable land for cultivation and appropriate land for construction of shelter in the reservoir impoundment? command area. In the case of farmers from Ebinat and Farta, even though they If people at Ebinat and Farta lost their land have the right to get irrigable land in the command area once the scheme is for the reservoir of this project, where are completed, the preference survey conducted on the households in the reservoir they now? How is their compensation area shows that no one is willing to come to the command area. Despite their full being processed? right to get land in the command area, they opted to get paid cash compensation for permanent displacement from their land and resettle in their balance land or communal land or woreda town centers. Hence hosting people from the reservoir area in the command area in your kebeles is not required. Basically, all those affected by the project will be compensated based on the entitlement matrix.

Photo 4.1 – Community Consultations at Kebeles – Angot Agela (L) and Abuwa Kokit (R)

51. Focus Group Discussion: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were held at the project kebeles to elicit the issues, concerns of vulnerable groups particularly women. Key topics discussed and concerns are presented below in Table 4.3

Table 4.3 – Focus Group Discussions: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raise Responses provided How will landless people benefit from the project They will be employed in construction; have women’s savings schemes; raise cattle; through growing grass with irrigation access. Preference to such persons in construction works shall be provided Vulnerable households – some women will find it The community and government will assist them e.g. helping in difficult to farm e.g. the elderly constructing replacement structures; elderly people will be provided with special support plans Diseases e.g. STDs, HIV/AIDS – how will we be able HIV awareness campaign for the whole community, particularly youth to prevent STDs for young women e.g. means of transmission, prevention; conducted by Women’s involved/employed in the project and those living in Association, Women Affairs Office, health extension programme; the area? There will be more problems with malaria, Counselling service from health centres; stop stigmatising,

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 4.3 – Focus Group Discussions: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raise Responses provided particularly for pregnant women, and cholera – how discrimination; parents to be aware of dangers of STDs and warn their will the project assist. children. How women will be benefited from the project? Women will benefit as many people will get employment through irrigation works. For those with lands, irrigated lands will enable plant onions and potatoes; young women can be involved in construction, cultivating land, businesses and raising animals (there will be sufficient water). Health: STDs, particularly HIV/AIDS; other diseases Boil water; distribute, use mosquito nets; test for HIV virus, as is may increase e.g. TB, kalazar (from flies), malaria, happening now, so anyone can take medication. If health professionals cholera, other water-borne diseases; will particularly come into the area in mobile clinics (once in three months); awareness affect vulnerable communities, commercial sex campaigns will be carried out. workers; no potable water in the area so people are becoming sick; if there is an accident beyond the local and Addis Zemen health centers, we are take the person to hospitals (in Felege Hiwot, Bahir Dar or Gondar). There may be conflict between those in the Project Women’s affairs office and Women’s Associations can teach people in area and neigbhours; people in the command area neighbouring communities on how the project can benefit them. GRM may become dominant and displace them/their will be set up to handle such cases. housing. What positives issues do you expect from the  More food availability as crop production will increase. project?  More available transport  More job opportunity and other business means in the construction phases of the project.  No expense for water pump and fuel and thereby more household savings If the project is to take our land for canal and other As per the regions land administration and environmental protection structures construction, what will be our fate? proclamation, any citizen who is to lose his/her land for the benefit of the majority people will be compensated sufficiently and every individual will have to devote approximately 10% of his/her land for canals/structures, but post distribution will have a proportionately smaller plot but irrigable plot for cultivation What skill development support does the project It is possible to give training on skill development activities like have for women? embroidery, tailoring, weaving. Can young women involve in small business Yes, young women can do such businesses at their respective kebeles. activities like tea and bread cafes at the construction That is young women in Ribgebriel may not come to Dibba and the stage of the project? reverse is also true. Resettlement – where is land being given to those As it is clearly stated in the land certificate of every farmer, when being resettled from Reservoir? Landholders will be individuals are to lose their land for irrigation reasons, they have a given other land – what about women-headed clearly stated privilege to get irrigable land as land is owned by the households if they lose their land? What will happen Government in Ethiopian context. In view of this, displaced farmers have to women who rent land and are displaced from the a right to get land from the PAP kebeles. But preference surveys area? confirmed that displaced farmers did not opt to come to Libokemkem and Fogeras preferring compensation. Thus no farmer to came to Libokemkem and Fogera. How the project will help vulnerable households as The community and the government will assist them for example by some women will find it difficult to farm particularly constructing houses and plowing farm lands. Moreover, landless youth the elders? can plow their land in the form of crop sharing or renting. During actual implementation, the type of livelihood restoration suitable to each PAP will be identified by the resettlement committee in consultation with PAP. As minimum indicator to be considered, PAPs level of education, age and present means of livelihood will

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Table 4.3 – Focus Group Discussions: Key issues raised and responses Issues, queries raise Responses provided be assessed.

I and my husband divorced legally. But the land If you are divorced it is better to ask land certificate from EPLAU office certificate is mutual. When a canal passes through independently. Otherwise, it is difficult to give the money for one of you. my part, how can I get the compensation? The project level GRM will address such issue.

4.3 Institutional Consultations at Fogera 52. Officials of the Woreda Administration, Women’s Affair Office, OoEPLAU, Agriculture office and Health Office were consulted. Summary of interactions with each office is presented below:

53. Woreda Administration: Key issues discussed with Head of Woreda administration are presented below:

Level of public awareness and public attitude towards the Project: People have good level of information but they do not expect the project to be beneficial for them.

Land redistribution (possible problems and plans to handle):The region BOEPLAU has experience in land redistribution both in Koga and Megech schemes. The challenges expected relate to lack of awareness anddifferences in soil productivity among crop lands. The implementation will be based on guidelines and procedures from BoEPLAU and the project shall provide the office with the total land size that will be needed for canals and other structures in order for EPLAU to come up with the exact ratio for land redistribution. Land redistribution committee will be established and will include PAPs and kebeles members. Grievance in the land distribution processwill be handled by the grievance committee that will also be established for the purpose.

Prior experience of similar irrigation projects such as Koga: Fogera and Libokemkem EPLAU offices should learn from the expreince of Koga. Educational trip should be organized not only for officials but also for farmers.

Compensation norms: Norms for compensation for lost assets is that majority of the PAPs prefer cash payment and few prefer land or land. The GOE law also states land to land compensation where possible and cash for land where this is not possible. In the Rib Scheme, the land to land compensation is applied as land is to be redistributed back to farmers although lesser than their previous holding.

Processes involved and support by the Woreda officials (establishment of valuation/compensation and grievance committees): There is already established compensation committee and Grievance Redress Department at woreda level: The grievance redress department composition is:1 coordinator (Head), 1 expert and 1 secretary. In relation to the project, the administration office will establish grievance redress committee at each PAP kebeles. Up to now, the Grievance department main task is accepting complains excluding job matters. Its decision is binding as it hears problems of people.

Special treatment of vulnerable groups: No experience in the past in terms of special treatment. If possible support especially for vulnerable groups is highly needed.

Specific support required for Compensation and Land redistribution: Capacity building for officials and farmers (particularly the committee to be involved in both cases). Budget support for hiring experts in land use, surveying, per diem to train farmers is required.

What Role does the Woreda administration play in monitoring of projects, government schemes: Keeping the safety of canals and structure in communication with the people in the PAP kebeles; besides managing every resource after and before implementation of the project. There will be also special follow up for malaria.

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Support during the construction phase (such as holding consultations again with kebele and with other measures): Consultations will be made sufficiently and if someone is to disturb the project activities, measures will be also be taken. It is expected that the project will create huge work opportunities particularly for labour.

54. Woreda Agriculture and Rural Development office (WoARD): Key issues discussed are presented below: Expected role of the office (with respect to current survey, valuation of assets and subsequently during the implementation/construction): Three experts had been assigned in the survey and valuation of assets for 1 month and 10 days. The status of each activity will be monitored and possible recommendation will be forwarded on the pace of the project. Irrigation experts will be hired to satisfy such demand. The current potential is allocating 1 expert for 3 irrigable areas as there is no irrigation expert at the kebeles. Instead, experts at the woreda are assigned to carry out the follow up irrigation activities of the farmers. That is to mean that one irrigation expert must address three kebeles having irrigation activities.

Views on key concerns (poor access to the main road, need for cooling systems or refrigerator for storage of perishable products):Farmers are not using natural or chemical fertilizer as they are expected. Farmers stated that overtop flooding from Gumara and Ribb rivers bring fertile top soils from upper catchment and has become a good fertilizer source. Adding fertilizer on this may facilitate vegetative growth than marketable yield. Row sowing is at its infant stage. While planned coverage for sowing in rows is 29,798 ha but only 1,370 ha has been done in practice.Reasons are that they are using broadcasting i.e. sowing seeds by just spreading over the land rather than keeping recommended distances in scientific basis. In this sowing practice there is no clear distance between plants and rows, while there is high labour requirement in row sowing when compared to broadcasting. Decrement of natural water supply is also a frequent cause of conflict. In rainy season particularly road access is very much poor in many of the affected kebeles e.g. Nabega, Rib, Shina, Shaga, Kidisthana. Thus cooling systems are most welcome. Moreover, small tomato processing machines are also requested to be installed. Role of the office in overcoming these constraints:Reporting to higher body i.e. the regional level on the need of farmers. The usual quoted answer or response is “budget shortage”.

Existing schemes or trainings (for farmers in terms of skill development, crop improvement, support provided for agricultural input and marketing of farm outputs): 120 water pump motors were distributed in 2005 E.C.(that is 2012/2013) after being maintained by experts at the office. While 192 pump motors were also distributed in the same year. Water pump operating training was given to 54 farmers at the woreda level. Moreover, farmers having their own water pumps in irrigable kebeles were invited and trained at their respective kebeles on operation, cleaning and maintaining water pumps. At the woreda level experts were trained and sent to train 26,488 farmers for 5 days to the respective kebeles on the following topics which was administered as of October 2005 E.C. These included: Fertilizer application, Seedling raisin, Row sowing and planting, How to use furrow irrigation than flood irrigation, Crop rotation benefits e.g.onion with legume crops, Crop post-harvest operation; Seed rate; and Crop protection and Importance of sowing date. There is no specific document for each kebele about the number of trained farmers. Input was not provided to farmers but they were advised to use different inputs (improved seed variety, fertilizer, etc.).

Support in relation to output marketing: In communication with Trade and Transport Office of the woreda, a memorandum of understanding (MOU) was signed with Universities (Bahir Dar, Debere tabor and Defence) to supply tomato and onion from farmers at fixed rate. But when the actual market price of the outputs increased the farmers refused to supply to the Universities at the lower rate and the agreement was discontinued. After that time (2004 E.C.), farmers were advised how to store and when to uproot onion so as to lengthen its shelf life.

Fears on fall of prices due to increased supply of agricultural produce under the project:Advice had been given to farmers to choose crops which are useful for domestic consumption while growing un-perishable crops to store for safe period and to sell at higher prices.

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Awareness of the proposed improvements under this project (such as crop diversification, demand based trainings, better water conservation practices, marketing): Our experts need to be trained in these techniques. Farmers are asking for such training too. Farmers currently are trained on water pump operation. However they need training in crop diversification, marketing and water conservation techniques.

Support expected in terms of resources for participating in the project: The office does not have enough vehilces Only one vehicle is available. Budget for fuel and other running costs. There is no sufficient office space, cellphone office furniture especially for the animal science department.

Role in monitoring of such a project or other such government schemes: One focal person will be assigned by the office to follow up on the project as it was done for other 6 projects in the past including Bebekis. Canal and other structures check-up and maintenance as well as informing farmers to pay for maintenance that will be done by the office. Irrigation cooperatives are established and any support can be given. The new water users regulation and guidelines will be implemented and the community will be oriented as it was done in elsewhere. In Bebekis – one of the kebeles of Fogera, irrigation activities is being carried out and a water users cooperative was established for cleaning and maintainece activities . The agricultural office communicates to the cooperative on the progress and every activity in the area.

Role of office have in redressing grievances, complaints of famers and other land disputes: Field assessment is carried out to ascertain if the complaint is real or not. Resolving disputes by discussing with affected parties. Compensation and land taking for water passage are common dispute sources. Key ones are informing clearly the rights and privileges of farmers and creating common understanding about the irrigation and other agricultural related rules, regulations and proclamations. 55. Woreda Women’s Affair Office: Key issues discussed are presented below: Status of women in general in the woreda; Women remain a disadvantaged group in our society and unfavourable attitudes of both males and females remains a challenge to improve the condition of women. Although efforts are made to improve conditions for women such as expansion of the health services, progress is still slow. For example out of the 1015 births in 2013 in the Woreda, only 8% of them were delivered with the help of health experts.

Role of the Women’s office in general: The office has the following roles: Organizing the youth, children and women for different purposes, motivating their children for education; motivating youth for self-employment; advising women to deliver in health centers, resist early marriage (younger than 18 years old),creating awareness about women’s right, working with justice system (court, police) when the rights of women, youth and childrens’ are violated; mobilizing people and sectoral office to support orphans; motivating women and youth for HIV/AIDS test and couseling.The office lacks the necessary facilities and resources to execute these challenging but critical roles.

Expected role of Women’s office (particularly in creating awareness, ensuring employment opportunities during construction and facilitation of skills development): The office is ready to participate actively in awareness creation. The office will organize women to benefit from employment opportunities during construction.

Schemes with women’s office for skill development and livelihood generation: The office currently supports different projects offering training in weaving, pottery, tailoringfor women and young people but with limited success. Women are interested in and request other types of skills training such as making fuel saving stoves; Tailoring, Computer training (especially in towns), Embroidery, etc.which are not sufficiently available.

HIV/AIDs issue, Malaria and other ailments: The office is active in creating awareness on HIV/AIDS and Malaria prevention. It conducts awareness raising on transmission methods of HIV/AIDS and on counselling and testing. It also conducts awareness raising onMalaria prevention through proper mosquito nets.

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Role in monitoring of projects, government schemes: The office actively participate in project from design to implementation and monitoring and to ensure that youth and women are beneficiaries.

Existing grievance redressal in the Woreda administration with respect to addressing special issues of women: Youth and women often come to the office with grievances and the office supports them by representing them or supporting them while presenting their case to the police, the court and others institutions.However, the office lacks the mandate and the resources to be effective in this area.

Office of Environmental Protection and Land Administration Use (OoEPLAU): Key issues discussed are presented below: Awareness about the project: They first learnt about the project 3-4 years back and there were consultations on the project with stakeholders. Role of the office with respect to the project and particularly with respect to creating awareness: Giving land certificate to PAP kebeles; identifying and deleneating communal and individual land holdings with the participation of the respective kebeles and community; creating awareness about the project to the people in churches and in kebele offices.

Status regarding the provision of land holding books: Completed for Dibba Sifatra, Rib Gebriel, Abuwa kokit (93%) Nabega (92 %); Shaga (84%), Shina (83%) and Kidist Hana (91%), Tiwuzakana (55%) and Wereta Zuria (48%) Spouse – wives’ name is included in the land holding certificate. The process of distribution of land holding books is on going in most of the project kebeles.

Issue relating to encroachment on communal grazing lands: Constructon of structures, expanding croplands into grazing landis in few kebelesbecause of the fertility of the area.This has been corrected through community consultation and delineation of land.

Expected role of the office with respect to the compensation and land redistribution: This office in collaboration with Woreda administration and other stakeholders haveundertaken delineation of communal and from privately cultivated land. The office assesses land use, consults communities, proposes land use delineation, documents and reports to the woreda administration office. It ensures the modern land registration is functional, ensures active participation of stakeholders including the community; awareness creation or the community. The office is also seves as the secretary of the established compensation committee.

Constraints to implement compensation and land redistribution: The office does not have sufficient vehicles, computers and sufficient budget for paying DSA for staff to do the necessary field work but it has sufficient human resource to support the implementation

Productive usage of communal grazing land: So far work on making grazing lands more productive has not commenced. Only delineation of boundaries is done. Further consultation with communities and guidance is expected from the region on how to use the cash from compensation for communal grazing land.

Options available for landholders with very small landholdings who will lose all their land to the project infrastructure: the office should get guidance on how to address such cases when they arise.The proposed solution is to provide compensation for temporary loss of income and with the approval of atleast two-thirds of the kebele residents, to allocate part of the communal land for these people without compromising the need to ensure minimal adverse environmental impacts.The land administration proclamation allows such cases ( i.e. proclamation no 133/98).

56. Woreda Health Office: Key issues discussed are presented below: Role of the office with respect to current diseases in the area such as malaria, bilharzia: Malaria related: Prevention- drainage for excess water is advised. No mosquito net distribution is happening currently, but

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farmers are advised to buy. No much problem of bilharzia but farmers are advised to prohibit their children to swim in areas where the problem is found. There are 45 health posts and 5 health centres in this woreda.

Role of the office in overcoming these constraints: Sending experts to health posts and reporting to concerned bodies. As far as HIV/AIDS is concerned, public awareness campaigns have been conducted at different times and also will continue. Awareness on Sanitation and hygiene are regularly conducted amongst these kebeles regarding better sanitation, hygiene, etc. Monthly report is submitted in each health post about their progress on awareness creation on sanitation and hygiene. Also the office is combating malaria with available resources.

Support expected in terms of resources for improving your services for these kebeles: Most health posts are constructed of mud and wood. At rainy season it becomes closed and over flooded. Thus maintenance is being done yearly. Most of the soil in the kebeles is vertisol. Then there is the problem of collapsing of their latrine. There is the need to have cemented latrines. Awareness creation about hygiene and sanitation should also target church scholars, socially respected people to convince the community. Itis necessary to ensure the construction of latrines for each household or at least for communal use.

Role ofthe office have in monitoring of such government schemes: A focal person will be delegated by the health office for the project. S/he will compile report and submit it to the head of health office. The head will send to projects and zonal levels.  4.4 Institutional Consultations at Libo-kemkem 57. Officials of the Woreda Administration, Women’s Affair Office, OoEPLAU and Health Offices were consulted. Summary of interactions with each office is presented below:

58. Woreda Administration: Key issues discussed with Head of Woreda administration are presented below: Awareness among Administration and public and their attitude: One day workshop was organized to create awareness about the project for woreda administration officials in July 2012 with a follow up in May 2013. Public are fairly aware despite its late status or delays in implementation. Land redistribution (possible problems related to land administration issues and plan to handle): Problems could be that farmers may fear that land may be given to displaced people at the reservoir area and to those outside the kebele.The other concern is that farmers may need at least 2 to 3 separate farms to cultivate as there are some differences in soil fertility among farm plots. To compensate for this difference, they prefered land for land and will get land from different sites during redistribution. However, people displaced due to the reservoir will not resettle in PAP kebeles as confirmed by the preference survey. Farmers will also be informed about the procedures and processes on land redistribution and their representatives will be trained in land redistribution procedures and actively participate in the redistribution once the scheme is completed. Prior experience of similar irrigation projects / workshop or an educational trip required: Experience sharing in other irrigation schemes (Koka and Megech) is important both for officials and for farmers at affected kebeles. In the first round, workshop is important to have current awareness about the project, while the second round should be educational trip. Support by Woreda in the inventory and valuation processes: valuation/compensation and grievance committees are established at Woreda level. The asset inventory will be revalidated during the implementationprocess. Compensation committee: At each PAP kebele committee has been established having 7 members. At least 3 of them are females the others are males who are socially respected and known to be honest and fair.

Any special treatment of vulnerable groups (old and elderly, women headed households, unmarried women, HIV/Aids infected, people with diabilities): Highly appreciated and good if the treatment is to include also orphans There is no experience in special treatment for such groups in other projectsIt is recommended that for

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supporting such groups: Follow up and giving consultation how to use the money; Opening joint account in banks or micro-finance; establishing sustainable income generating mechanisms like shops, pension/small bed rooms for renting; constructing shelter house than giving the money directly.

Grievances and available redressal system: Expected grievances with respect to compensation are mainly complaints claimingunder valuation of assets or delayed compensation payments. Main grievances related to land redistribution are farmers preferring to maintain fragmented croplands from 2-3 sites justified for soil fertility difference.

Plan to administer conflicts: Socially acceptable individuals will work with the administration office which includes elders, religious leaders.

Existing grievance redressal in the kebele and Woreda administration – its composition: At kebele level there is a grievance committee having 5 members each. At least 2 of them are females and the others are males who are nominated by the kebele residents and are respected members of the community. At Woreda level, the grievance committee comprises of key sectors relevant to the project, technical expert one secretary. From experience it is good to involve village elders but there is also some gap in respecting the rights of vulnerable group (elders, women) particularly related to land holding.

Support during construction: Farmers will be consulted and notified regarding construction work and impacts. Interms of job opportunities and benefiting the landless, youth (landless) are organized to supply sand from Ribb river. Local community and workers will be made aware of their rights and responsibilities and in ensuring the smooth implementation of the project.

Role in monitoring of such a project: If possible, irrigation experts will be employed at each PAP kebele otherwise at the woreda level to compile reports and to give any technical advice to the community. The office will require additional budget for fuel, stationary computer and DSA for committees and experts to reach affected kebeles.

59. Women’s Affairs Office:Key issues discussed are presented below: Role of the Women’s office in general: The role of the office are organizing jobless youth at each kebele and facilitating different skills trainings; job creation (e.g. sand supply to contractors; Bee keeping; Fattening; Weaving, sewing) Identifying and listing orphan children to be supported by different stakeholders; awareness creation on gender equity, on HIV/AIDs transmission and malaria prevention. Project unit of the office develops proposals and seeks support from NGOs to address problems of women and children. Governemnt employees contribute ETB 1-5 permonth to support about 14 children.

The role of Women’s office with regard to the projectwill be on creating awareness, ensuring employment opportunities during construction.With some budgetary support the office can create awarenss among farmers, religious leaders, youth representatives and socially respected elders (irrespective of whether they are members of varouls committees)about the project to ensure equitable benefit and smooth implementation. As there is a record with a list of jobless youth in the office and in each kebeles, labour supply will be made available during the construction phase of the project.

The women’s office has some experience in supporting skills development and livelihood. The office prepared different proposals to get fund to create job opportunities through skills training such as training handicapped youth in tailoring, dress making, weaving and wood and metal works although lack of resources to buy equipment has been faced by many who have been trained. As per the assessment of the office, about 60-70 % of youth in the woreda prefer to be involved in businesses like café and restaurant, super market,

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horticulture, barber, handicrafts (embroidery, sewing, spinning, pottery, etc.) while 30% of the youth preferred construction works like in building, carpentry and surveying.

Role in HIV/AIDs issue, Malaria and other ailments: The office is active in awareness creation on maternal health.One focal person is nominated in the office to work with HIV secretariat of the woreda. Important work has been done in collaboration with the Woreda Health office concerning malaria. Advice was given on using mosquito nets and draining logged water. Awareness was also given to women about “kalazar”.Training was given to women in hygiene, sanitation, delivery in health centers.

Role in monitoring of projects, government schemes: The office has been participating in design, appraisal, and implementation and monitoring of women related projects. It evaluates project proposals and gives comments on GOs- NGOS forums which are to be held quarterly. Further it evaluates proposals’ contents which were submitted by any donor thatwants to work with the office.

Grievance redressal system: There is an existing grievance redressal in the Woreda administration with respect to addressing special issues of women. Women have come to the office when they faced different right violations like abusing, land related disputes (especially related with land holding conflict with their husband which a serious and frequent case). Women prefer to bring their grievances to the officeand the office supports in resolving cases, submitting documents to the administration office and Justice Office. he office expects some support in the form of computers, logistics (vehicle and fuel) and budgt to cover additional activities to be implemented.

OoEPLAU: Key issues discussed are presented below

Role of the office with respect to the project and particularly with respect to creating awareness: It took full responsibility in creating awareness about the project starting from 2001 E.C.(2012) to the community and other stakeholders. A one day annual awareness creation is regularly conducted for woreda officials for one day.

Status of provision of land holding books to all PAHs: All the woreda kebeles including affected kebele farmers have got the land holding books/land certificate except Tezamba wherein 75% have got them. It will also be delivered to them as soon as possible. Both husband and wife name is written on the land certificate and their photograph is also posted.

Expected role of the office with respect to the compensation and land redistribution: For Compensation, an Expert is assigned from the office to be member of the woreda compensation committee. The office head is also to work of the woreda chief head when grievance arises for resolution. Land redistribution committee will be established having a composition of (7 members) of which at least 3 of them are females and the others are males who are socially respected and known to be honest and fair. Similarly, grievance committee for land redistribution will be established and will be composed of 5 members of which 2 are females who are nominated by the community and are respected. Additional training for both land redistribution and grievance committee will be undertaken besides creating awareness about land redistribution to the irrigation beneficiaries.

Constraint in implementing compensation: Farmers may fear possible relocation after compensation. They are also concerned that the compensation may be calculated with the lower rate as compensation values are usually given in maximum and minimum range figure. From experience, projects use the minimum rate to calculate compensation. The compensation for this project will be based on current market prices as provided by and updated six monthly by the regional government. Resources needed from the project: Computer for documentation with its accessories and laptop, stationery, scanner; Vehicle, fuel for follow up on affected kebeles are necessary items for effective functioning. At present office has no furniture at woreda or kebele level as presently these are borrowed from others.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Land redistribution: Farmers in PAP kebeles show preference to have 3 croplands at different sites but the land administration proclamation allows only 1-2 sties. Difference in soil fertility/productivity may be resisted by farmer. The solution may be to considerfertility difference and allowing farmers to keep one crop land in fertile and the rest from less fertile one.

Productive usage of communal grazing land; Plan is underway to develp schemes to increaseproductivity.Unemployed youth are organized and provided with skills infattening, crop production, horticulture etc, but but this needs consutation with the local community and the woreda administration.

Monitoring role of the office: The office will monitor the risk of sedimentation in the channals, and ensure cleaning in case it occurs. Maintenance fee will be required from farmers. The office will also monitor the effective use of the irriagation shceme and land by farmers to ensure all land is cultivated. If a farmer put irrigable land uncultibated for one year or more, the land will be taken as clearly prescribed in the land administration proclamation. Monthly report will be submitted on total irrigated land from each kebele by EPLAU workers for this purpose.

Grievance redressal system: The new proclamation on irrigation managmenet requires the establishment of a grievance redressal committee once land has been redistributed and farmers start farming their irrigated land.

Health Office:Key issues discussed are presented below

Role with respect to current diseases in the area such as malaria, bilazharia: Advising people to drain logged water, to fill these logged areas with other materials (stone, soil), disturbing the logged water weekly to disturb cycle of the insect. Distributing mosquito net was another activity but it is done occasionally.

Major constraints faced by the people in these kebeles in accessing medical facilities: Among the 10 top causes of children (<5 years) morbidity, Malaria (23%) Diarrhoea non-blood (12%) and Pneumonia (11.7%) are the three major ailments. The reasons for this high rate of morbidiy among children include the following;Health centers occasionally suffer from shortage of medicine (e.g. In Bambiko) 2) farmers can not afford to pay the fees although the office tries to allocates some budget for the poorest; difficulty to access health facilties during rainy seasons; High cost of Transportation especially fro for pregnant and very sick individuals.

On-going programs with respect to HIV/Aids, Malaria and other diseases (provision of mosquito nets, etc.): Community conversation is organized every 2 weeks in each kebele (70 people at one event). Health awareness campaign is conducted when people have meeting/gathering occasion like in churches. Community is advised to look after the sick and in some kebeles, people contribute in kind to support the sick and needy. The office workers individually contribute ETB 3 /month to look after one female child. From the office total annual budget, 2% is allocated for works related with HIV/AIDS like training and awareness creation.

Technically one mosquito net should not be used more than 3 years. But due to budget constraints this is could not be practiced but farmers are advised to buy with their own resources. The current net price is about ETB 100.00. 46,065 nets are required at the woreda level. Treatment is also being carried out but full treatment is not possible due to shortage of drugs (almost 50% of the required drug is not available). House to house chemical spray is done to control the spread of mosquito

Awareness on better hygiene and sanitation. Examples which are also being implemented the woreda include: constructing latrine; washing hands before and after meal; keeping personal hygiene; solid waste disposal. Normally extension workers are expected to devote 85% of their working time per day by visiting houses of farmers. The performance of workers may vary but is estimated to be at good level.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Support expected (in terms of resources for improving your services for these kebeles): Financial support for fuel, perdiem is essential. Only one vehicle is available in the office to reach each kebele which are 34 in the woreda (5 urban and 29 rural). 5 computers are needed at least for experts to document every record. The office has no computer.There is serious budget shortage for medical facilities like quarto, quinine, chlorichine and RDT (for testing malaria patients) and microscope.

What Role does the office have in monitoring of such government schemes: Participating in project appraisals and evaluate their impact on humanhealth.Important follow up will be made also for affected kebeles by the kebele health extension agents and woreda experts. The head of the health office is member of woreda administration council. Thus the office participates in project appraisals.

4.5 Institutional Consultations at Regional BoEPLAU 60. The Bureau has the mandate for land administration and environmental issues in the region. Besides, coordination between the NPCO, RPCO and the Woreda OoEPLAUs to facilitate the preparation and implementation n of RAP, they are to provide capacity enhancement or implementation support to Woredas/kebeles through trainings. Key issues discussed are as follows:

Mandate of the Regional BoEPLAU: They register and measure land holdings, computerize, issue certificates to landholders, update transfers and certification; build capacity and guide implementation; facilitate participation and evaluate expropriation. Registration of properties in peri-urban areas too was added to their responsibilities, recently. Role of BoEPLAU in planning and implementation: Involvement is from inception to evaluation stage including compensation, land administration and land redistribution and monitoring.

In-house experience in handling similar projects (irrigation/reservoir): BoEPLAU has experience in land redistribution in Koga irrigation project though a relatively smaller project. In case of Ribb reservoir, as the command area is far away, they perceive the major challenge would be resettling and rehabilitating affected persons effectively.

Making communal lands more productive (particularly in light of the loss that is going to take place due to project infrastructure): Woreda agricultural office has programs for livestock extension to support farmers livestock managent. There is a need to preserve the fogera livestock breed by allowing limited grazing but while free grazing will be restricted, cut and carry system is promoted instead. The issue of usage of communal grazing lands is entirely under the jurisdiction of the individualKebele administrations and their respective experts in consultation with the community. Changing the land use is possible if the Kebele could come up with a specific proposal stating the purpose, and the key criteria for apporal is the potential adverse impact on environmentof change in land use.

Options available in case households who might lose their total landholding (e.g. those affected Night Storage Ponds). The first priority will be to allocate any Kebele/public land for such farmers.Where Kebele land is not available communal land may be considered with appropriate consultation with the technical expers and communities. Farmers will be provided with official document confirming that their land has been taken for the purposes of the irrigation shceme. With such document farmrs will be allocated with irrigable land once the scheme is ready as per the provisions of the law.. Communal lands or kebele lands be part of redistribution to support the vulnerable groups and those landless/youth: Criteria are already set in the guidelines. However if the proposal can demonstrate that changed land use would not degrade any environmental protection efforts then it could be considered.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Low awareness regarding the RIDP amongst offices in Libo Kemkem and Fogera and plans to enhance: A Workshop was held in the month of January 2013 wherein 18 farmers from each kebele were called to inform them about the land administration aspects such as land valuation, RAP and land redistribution were discussed. However, similar workshops will be necessary both for farmers and for various stakeholders in the two Woredas once the project is ready for implementation.

Education trip to the Dam site (as done by SMEC) and Koga dam should be organized for both farmers and local administration to be able to appreciate the long term benefits of the dam and the irrigation shceme.

Need for awareness creation, enhancement within Regional BoEPLAU: There is a need for exposure visits within and outside the country for key experts who will be involved in RAP implementation, land redistribution and community consultation.

Technical support role by Regional BoEPLAU to Woreda OoEPLAUs: Provision of training so far has been in the GOEs legislation on land administration and redistribution. Woreda impmentation team should be trained in the RAP requirements and implementation challenges. Since January 2013, a Social Development Expert has been contracted by MOWIE and placed within BoEPLAU office to specifically coordinate and support RAP preparation and implementation of Ribb Scheme

Capacity of Regional BoEPLAU to handle these multiple challenges (Ribb Reservoir Relocation, Income Restoration, compensation issues for Ribb command area) particularly as the EPLAU of Libo, Fogera, Ebinat and Farta do not have prior experience)needs to be strengthened: Although, the activities of compensation and land redistribution would not take all the time as these are one off events. The capacity is limited in terms of income restoration for Ribb Reservoir and working with the PAPs. Hiring external expertise to implement the livelihood restoration activity would be much preferred.A livelihood expert withn EPLAU will then be able to oversee the work.

Any specific infrastructural support for these activities: Additional vehicle for BoEPLAU is essential. At present there are two pickup, hard tops. Also essential is for the Woredas Project Implementation Team( PIT t)o have at least 2 computers (1 laptop and 1 desktop) for each of the four Woredas. 1 could be for land redistribution/ISLA etc. and another could be for other RAP implementation works. At least 1 All –in -1 printer, copier, scanner would be useful for WPITs wherever it is to be housed.

Grievance redressal mechanisms at multiple levels: Every dispute is heard with attempt to resolve as per the culture using mediation or else it is resolved in the at courts. Grievance redressal office at the Woreda office exists in addition to the arrangements at the kebele level, zonal and regional level. The head of Woreda is in- charge of resolution of grievances.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

CHAPTER 5 – ASSESSMENT OF PROJECT IMPACTS

61. The ESIA report for the Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project listed out the nature and type of potential positive and adverse impacts that would be an outcome of the project. This chapter lists the positive impacts listed in ESIA for RIDP as a whole. It then quantifies the adverse impacts that are likely from the proposed project infrastructure based on the asset inventory and household baseline surveys. See Figure 5.1 for layout of project command area with proposed infrastructure.

5.1 Potential Positive Impacts 62. The Environment and Social Impact Assessment of RIDP had identified project beneficiaries to be small land holders living in and using the cultivable land in the command area of the Ribb irrigation and Drainage scheme i.e. farms lands in the Libo Kemkem and Fogera woredas. Expected positive impacts and planned activities of the project specific to the command area are listed below:

 Increased cropping intensity due to the provision of dry season irrigation water;  Increased crop yields due to improved drainage, inputs and crop husbandry;  Increased crop diversity due to an improvement of land capability by irrigation and drainage and improved access to seeds and markets;  Improved livestock husbandry and productivity;  Increased and stabilised household incomes from agriculture for some 10,000 farm households;  Increased secondary economic activities - agriculturally-related goods and services - and associated local employment, including for scheme operation and maintenance;  Improved institutional capacity of government organisations responsible for water management and agricultural development at regional, woreda and kebele levels;  Improved road access, with many associated benefits;  Social development, particularly due to the establishment and operation of democratic, gender-sensitive and transparent water management organisations at different levels;  Reduced impacts from flooding;  Improved adult literacy in command area due to adult literacy programmes;  Improved health for command area households due to multiple health initiatives, combined with improved literacy, women's status, road access and household incomes;  Improved status and quality of life of women in the command area due to multiple community development initiatives especially provision of domestic water supplies, increased household incomes, adult literacy, improved health, better access to fuel and inclusion in community decision-making mechanisms;  Conservation of fish and wildlife in command area and associated rivers due to establishment of habitat protection and fishery management mechanisms and increased environmental awareness; and  Restoration of wetland ecosystem functions adjacent to command area due to wetland restoration programme

5.2 Adverse Impacts 63. Some of the key adverse impacts listed in the ESIA report relating to Command area are classified below into potential and perceived impacts:

Potential impacts  Disruption of access by new canals and drains  Accidents and health impacts during construction  Rapid social and economic change due to land reallocation and scheme construction  Difficulties in administering the complex land redistribution process, with possible social resistance  Potential impacts on known & unknown cultural heritage

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

 The social impact and cost of village irrigation and potential settlement reorganization  Potential delays in irrigated agriculture development  Health impacts, especially continuing malaria and an increase in schistosomiasis  Difficulties with in-field soil & water management  Irrigation water shortages  Agricultural impacts on water quality  Inadequate or delayed provision of essential agricultural services and inputs including research, knowledge, credit, crop storage and processing, and links to markets  Inadequate or delayed provision of essential social services, especially health, water and sanitation, also education, road maintenance electricity and telecommunications  Difficulties in product sales due to market inelasticity  Price reductions in local markets due to market  Lack of affordability by farmers  Cultural constraints preventing rapid social and economic change  Impacts on women, especially increased workloads  Constraints on access due to new channels and to inadequate road maintenance  Prehistoric significance: area is very rich in significant cultural remains such as high concentration of pottery fragments, polished stone items and grinding stones on the surface in fields

Perceived impacts  Direct and indirect impacts of construction on churches, graveyards (especially older, less eaĵsily recognisable burial sites), groundwater, flooding, and microclimate.  Hindrance of access to church congregations caused by new canals and drains  Increased risk of theft of treasures (manuscripts etc.) from churches due to increased access created by the project.

5.3 Assessment of Likely Adverse Impacts 64. The population in the project area would be impacted mainly due to the Canals, Night Storage Ponds and those outside the project area ( in phase 2 command area ) due to river training structures. Other infrastructure such as Turn out, Irish ford too shall contribute to the loss, albeit to a lesser degree. Key adverse impacts identified based on the Asset Inventory exercise were: land, crops, trees, private structures and community structures. These are presented in sections below:

5.3.1. Impact on Households/Persons

Based on the schedule of construction of RIDP Phase I is split in two phases – Phase I a, and Phase I b. While Phase I a involves completion of Head works (ie.. dversion weir and head regulator,) and all Main canals,(ie. Canals, cross drainage works, bridges and service roads). (757 ha), Phase I b will involve completion of drainage and irrigation systems including the secondary and tertiary chanels and drains, cross drainage works along the canals and drains.(2284 ha). Phase 1b also includeds construction of river training and flood protection structures along the Rib River and other two small rivers Narza and Naturit falling in Phase 2 command area. River training refers to left and right side dykes built along the course of the Rib River, Narza and Naturit Rivers and related crossing structures.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 5.1 Summary Table of Impact on Households/ Persons Impact Area PAHs PAPs Impact in phase 1 area (exluding river 2296 9950 training in phase 2 area) Impact in phase 2 area (river training) 2328 10097 Total impact 4624 20047

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

RIDP phase 1(Phase 1a and 1b) would impact a total of 4624 PAHHs that includes 20047 PAPs. Out of these phase 1a and 1b (excluding the river training in phase 2 area) will impact 2296 PAHs that includes 9950 PAPs from a total of 8 kebeles – 4 in Libo-kemkem and 4 in Fogera woreda while river training in phase 2 area will impact 2328PAHs and 10097 PAPs from a toal of 10 kebeles in Libo Kemkem (6) and Fogera (4). A total of 4624 PAHs including 20047 persons are impacted by the project. Of the total (53%) are males while the balance (47%) are female. In terms of PAPs, average household size in Libo-kemkem is 4.37 while in Fogera it is 4.32 per household.. Impacts are more in Fogera as Phase I of RIDP covers a larger part of Fogera woreda. In Fogera, Thiwa Zakena and Awua Kokit kebeles fall in both Phase I and II of RIDP and therefore parts of these kebeles will be covered in Phase I and therefore impacted. The other two kebeles i.e. Ribb Gebriel and Diba Sifatra will be fully be covered within Phase I of RIDP. In Libo-kemkem, Bura Eigizibiheri Ab and Shina Tsion will be partially covered and therefore partially impacted, while the other two kebeles, Angot Agela and Bira Abo will be fully covered within Phase I of RIDP.

Table 5.2 PAHs and PAPs affected by Rib Phase 1 Project Woreda/Kebele Impact in phase 1 area Impact in phase 2 area Total PAHs PAPs PAHs PAPs PAHs PAPs Libokemkem 1.Wangot angela 75 328 - - 75 328 2. Bira Abo 44 192 - - 44 192 3.Buraegziabherab 396 1731 - - 396 1731 4. Shina Tsion 108 472 470 2036 578 2508 5. Bambiko 344 1490 344 1490 6. Tibaga 120 520 120 520 7. Gendawuha 160 693 160 693 9. Kab 297 1287 297 1287 10. Tazaamba 46 199 46 199 Total Libo Woreda 623 2723 1437 6225 2060 8948 Fogera 11. Reb Gebriel 249 1076 - - 249 1079 12.Dibasifatra 759 3279 - - 759 3279 13. Thiwa zakana 291 1257 79 342 370 1599 14. Awa kokit 374 1616 547 2373 921 9390 15. Shaga - - 265 1147 265 1147 Total Fogera 1673 7229 891 3862 2564 11192 Grand Total 2296 9950 2328 10097 4624 20047

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

5.3.2. Impact on land The Average landholding size in Libo-kemkem is 1.1 ha while in Fogera it is 1.4 ha. An estimated 3,106 parcels of land totaling to 266.6737 ha of land shall be lost on a permanent basis to the project infrastructure in phase 1 area while a total of 5. Bura Eigizibeheri (52.47 ha) in Libo-kemkem and Diba Sifatra (87.299 ha) in Fogera shall be impacted the most, followed by Awua Kokit, Thiwa Zakena and Ribb Gebriel (See Table 5.2). The impact on land due to Phase 1b river training work is 371 ha of farm land. The on averge PAPs will give up 0.18ha of land.

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Table 5.2 – Quantum of land lost by Woreda and Kebele in RIDP Phase I s.no Woreda/Kebele No of Parcels Quantum of land Total

Phase 1 area Phase 2 area Phase1 area Phase2 Parcel Q. land area

1. Libokemkem 847 1323 77.53 273.7 2170 351.23

1.1 Angot Agel 91 - 10.35 91 10.35

1.2 Bira Abo 46 - 3.09 46 3.09

1.3 Bura gziabherab 561 - 52.33 561 52.33

1.4 Shinatsion 149 475 11.75 90.7 624 102.45

1.5 Bambiko 345 50.6 345 50.6

1.6 Gendawuaha - 160 18.1 160 18.1

1.7 Kab - 297 82.4 297 82.4

1.8 Tazaamba 46 4.2 46 4.2

2 Fogera 2259 901 189.14 164.6 4383 353.74

2.1 Rib Gebriel 369 - 37.45 369 37.45

2.2 Diba Sifatra 1120 - 87.30 1120 87.30

2.3 Thiwa Zakana 338 82 30.23 19.5 420 49.73

2.4 Awa kokit 432 551 34.17 76.1 983 110.27

2.5 Shaga 267 48.1 267 48.1

2.6 Nebaga 1 20.9 1 20.9

Total 3106 4557 266.67 438.3 6653 704.97

Type of land: The land lost both rain fed or irrigated by streams/water springs11 is presented below:.

Table 5.3 – Type of land impacted land (in ha) in RIDP Phase I Name of Woreda Rain fed Irrigated Communal Grazing Total Phase 1a and 1b Libo-kemkem 77.52 18.71 2.04 77.52 Fogera 173.0218 0 16.1219 189.14

11Twotypesofirrigationarecarriedoutinthecommandarea:riverdiversion,andpumping.Bothare small-scaleandrelyon simpletechnologies. Traditionalsmall-scaleirrigationiscarriedoutwhereverwatercanbedivertedfrombyweirsfrom existingsourcesand ledbygravitytofields,during thedryseason.It ismostcommonalongandnear rivers such as the Ribb and its tributaries. Thepumping i sarecentdevelopment,aftertheintroductionofsmallmotorisedpumpsa few years ago.

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Sub total 250.5418 18.71 18.1619 266.66 Phase 1b river training Libo Kemkem 240.67 - 33.00 273.67 Fogera 110.70 - 53.9 164.60 Sub Total 351.17 - 86.9 438.27 Total 601.71 18.71 105.06 704.97

Type of ownership of impacted: Type of land impacted has varied ownership such as:  private land holdings;  privately common grazing land12;  communal grazing land owned by kebele; and  school and Police office land

The break up by type of ownership of land is given in Table 5.4 below. 597 ha is privately held farm land, while 2.5ha is privately owned common grazing land while 105.06 ha of communal grazing land owned by kebele shall be impacted, besides School land (0.2184ha). Table 5.4 – Type of ownership of impacted land by Woreda in RIDP Phase I (in ha) Name of Private land Common grazing land Communal grazing land Church School Police Woreda holdings (privately used) under kebele admin land Land Libo-kemkem- 73.363 2.01 2.04 0 0.095 0.022 Phase 1 area River training in 240.67 33 phase2 area Sub Total Libo 314.03 35.04 Kemekem Fogera 172.4241 0.47 16.1219 0 0.1234 0.00 River training in 110.70 53.9 phase 2 area Sub total- Fogera 283.1241 70.0219 Total 597.15 2.48 105.06 0 0.2184 0.022

As can be seen from Table 5.5, Shina Tsion, Awa Kokit, Nabaga and Ribb Gebriel have large area of communal grazing lands. However, in terms of impact in Fogera of the total communal grazing only 22 ha (2.58%) is getting affected, while Libo-kemkem has 0.42% ( ha) of the total land affected by the project in Phase I area. Overall project shall impact 18.1619 ha (1.13%) of the available grazing land in RIDP Phase I area.

Table 5.5 – Details on communal grazing land (in ha) by Woreda and kebele in RIDP Phase I S.No. Kebele Total Affected % Phase 1a and 1b Libo Kemkem Woreda 1 Angot Agela 168.4 0.9 0.55 2 Bira Abo 254.25 0 0 3 Bura Egziabher Ab 191.9 1.3 1 4 Shina Tsion 361.9 16.2 4.5 5 Gendawuha 415.88 2.8 6 Kab 117.15 1.4 Sub-Total 976.53 22.6 2.3

12Common grazing land are parcels of grazing land owned by a set of PAPs which lies in a common area between 2 or more PAPs and for which they have joint ownership and compensation payable for such parcels also gets computed and paid proportionately

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 5.5 – Details on communal grazing land (in ha) by Woreda and kebele in RIDP Phase I S.No. Kebele Total Affected % Fogera Woreda 1 Reb Gebriel 217 0.26 0.12 2 Dibasifatra 111 8.672.48 7.81 3 Thiwa Zekena 219.75 8.96 4.08 4 Awua Kokit 77 15.43 20.04 5 Shaga 179 15.80 8.83 6 Nabaga 20 Sub-Total 624.75 69.12 11.21 Total 1610.28 91.72 5.70

No land in the Project Command Area has been identified as being owned by any Institutional Investor. See Appendix 5.1for map of affected parcels in Phase and list of land parcels for compensation.

5.3.3. Impact on private structures

65. This section does not include impact on structures and assets such as trees for the river training work in phase 2 area. Asset inventory in this area will be conducted at the end of the current rainy season (October 2015).Only limited number of structures are expected to be affected as the land required for the river training structure is close to the river banks. 66. 223 structures – residential, Toilets, Grain Storages, Kitchens, Cattle sheds, dug wells would be impacted by the project. As seen from Table 5.6 below, Diba Sifatra with 73residential structures is the most affected. In terms of water structures, Diba Sifatra in Fogera has water sources – 4dugwells that will be affected.

Table 5.6 – Number and Type of Structures impacted by Woreda and Kebele Name of Kebele Residential Toilets Grain Sgtorages Kitchens Cattle sheds Dug wells Total Libo-kemkem Woreda Angot Agela 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bira Abo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bura Eigizibiheri 16 4 1 4 1 0 26 Ab Shina Tsion 11 2 1 2 0 0 16 Sub-total 27 6 2 6 1 0 42 Fogera Woreda Ribb Gebriel 35 0 0 1 0 0 36 Diba Sifatra 73 0 0 1 1 4 79 Thiwa Zakena 48 1 0 2 0 0 51 (partially) Awua Kokit 13 1 1 0 0 0 15 (partially) Sub-total 169 2 1 4 1 4 181 TOTAL 196 8 3 10 2 4 223

5.3.4 Loss of trees – Eucalyptus, Perennial Crops and Indigenous Trees

67. Many trees – eucalyptus, indigenous natural trees would be permanently lost due to impact by the project. It could temporarily cause a shortage of wood normally used for construction and other uses for telephone and electricity line poles. Table 5.7 presents the number of eucalyptus trees impacted by their stage of growth. Major impact will be on small sized trees (35602) will be impacted.

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Table 5.7 – No. of impacted Eucalyptus trees (by no. and size) in RIDP Phase I Name of Woreda Big (for timber) Medium (for Pole and Small (Seedling - Tree Stump Total rafter) batten) Libo-kemkem 752 588 396 0 1,736 Fogera 1212 978 35206 516 37912 Total 1964 1566 35602 516 39648

68. In project kebeles of Fogera woreda, the project will impact 98 perennial crops such as Mango, Gesho, Papaya, Chatt, Buna, (See Table 5.8).

Table 5.8–Number of Perennial Crops impacted by RIDP Phase I Name of Trees Name of Woreda Total (nos.) Libo-kemkem Fogera Mango 0 4 4 Gesho 44 44 Papaya 17 17 Chatt 1 1 Buna 32 32 TOTAL 0 98 98

69. 1676 Indigenous trees of different species such as Girar, Wanza, Saspania, Shembeko, etc. will be impacted by the project. Girar trees (952 nos.) will experience the most impact followed by Wanza. Table 5.6 presents the total number of Indigenous trees impacted by the project by type of species. . Table 5.9–Numberof Indigenous trees impacted by RIDP Phase I Name of Trees Name of Woreda Total (nos.) Libo-kemkem Fogera Saspania 2 53 55 Quondo Berbere 1 0 1 Amsina 1 0 1 Wanza 25 378 403 Girar 119 833 952 Misana 77 77 Shembeko 182 182 Abalo 1 1 Warka 3 3 Kara 1 1 TOTAL 148 1528 1676

For details of trees lost by each kebele is presented in the Compensation document of each woreda (See Volume I - Appendices)

5.3.6 Impacts on community infrastructure 70. As seen from Table 5.11, parcels of land owned by school, police office are impacted. There are no impacts experienced on other common or community properties such as Church structure or hand dug wells or any graveyard Table 5.11 – Number of Community or Common Property Impacted by Woredain RIDP Phase I Name of Hand Church land school land Police Office Church structure/Graveyard/other Woreda dug land religious/cultural structure wells Libo-kemkem 0 0 0.095 0.022 0

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Fogera 0 0 0.1234 0 0 TOTAL 0 0 0.2184 0.022 0

5.4 Construction Stage Impacts 71. Construction stage impacts that are likely are described below:

i. Temporary land take for setting up of Construction Camps and Depots: Unless specific sites are designated and provided by the Project authorities themselves to the Construction contractor, it is anticipated Contractor would set up a minimum of 3-4 camp sites by taking land plots on a temporary basis at least for the 2.5 year construction period of Phase I to set up construction camps and depots. ii. Loss of access: Construction of canals, access/service roads shall temporarily cut off access in certain parts and thereby lead to possible changes in movement patterns. iii. Damage to crops/trees due to construction: Likely impacts could damage adjacent plots of land comprising assets such as crops, trees, or even structures etc. as a consequence of movement of machinery and personnel and improper disposal of debri following excavation. iv. Pressure on existing common infrastructure (or common property resources: Construction phase could see more people in the area and that could possibly lead to additional pressure on the existing resources such as water resources (handpumps, wells, etc.). v. Incidence of HIV-AIDS and theft:Increased cases of HIV/AIDS and possible theft due to increased in- migration in the project kebeles are other likely impacts.

5.5 Perceived impacts 72. Based on the consultations, the following were identified as the impacts perceived by the community were: a) Lack of market facilities would lead to accommodate more production surplus and price of surplus products gets lower; b) Lack of enough water to irrigate all 16 kebeles; c) Fertility of land may vary post redistribution and d) Canal lines being close to residential structures and thereby unsafe for children.

5.6 Cut-Off date 73. The cut-off date for both Woredas is date of the completion of the asset survey. In Libo-kemkem the cut-off date is March 31, 201313 while in Fogera it is May 22 201314. Due to the delay, the GoE will ensure that compensation will be at replacement cost, planned compensation rates will be recalculated and updated during actual implemetation.

5.7 Summary of Impacts 74. Table 5.12 presents summary of tangible impacts for all the eight kebeles across two woredas in RIDP Phase I.

Table 5.12 – Summary of Impacts of RIDP Phase I Impacts Unit Nos. PAHs and PAPs Nos. 4624 and 20047

Vulnerable Households Nos. 522 Unmarried women Nos. 5 Women Headed Households Nos. 123 Small scale farmers (less than 0.2 ha) Nos. 28 Elderly/Very Old (above 60 years) Nos. 68 HIV/AIDS affected Nos. 12

13As there had been no issues of encroachment in Libo-kemkem, the above cut-off date applies to kebeles in both phases of Libo-kemkem. 14However in Fogera woreda’s, encroached areas under Phase I had been resolved by June 2013 while other areas in Phase II were resolved in April 2014 and hence cut off dates would vary.

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Nos 94 Nos 192 Quantum of Land to be expropriated by hectares 704.97 project Rain Fed hectares 601.71 Irrigated hectares 18.71 Communal grazing land hectares 105.06 Ownership of land by type Private land holdings hectares 597.15 Common grazing land hectares 2.4843 Communal grazing land hectares 105.06 Church land hectares 0 School land hectares 0.2184 Police Post land hectares 0.022 Inventory of strutures (exluding river training phase 2 area0 Structures - Residential and others Nos. 223 Trees Nos. Eucalyptus (all sizes) Nos. 39648 Perennial Crops Nos. 98 Indigenous Trees Nos. 1676 Common Property Resources School land hectares 0.2184 Police Office Land hectares 0.022 Graveyard, or Church or other culturally Nos. NIL sensitive structure

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CHAPTER 6 – APPLICABLE LEGAL FRAMEWORK

75. The Chapter presents a review of legal and regulatory framework applicable to the project. These include legislations i.e. key constitutional and proclamations provisions, a review to assess their relevance to the project followed by a comparison of World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and Ethiopian legislations. The Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) formulated for ENIDP and the entitlement framework applicable for mitigation measures to address impacts relating to RIDP are given below: 6.1 National Legislation and Practice 76. The Project is guided and regulated by the country’s constitutional and policy framework, statutory (proclamations) and non-statutory (regulations) framework, including relevant administrative instruments (such as directives and guidelines). These are listed below: Federal level:  Proclamation No. 1/1995: The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia;  Proclamation No. 455/2005: Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment for Compensation Proclamation;  Proclamation No. 456/2005: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation;  Council of Ministers Regulations No. 135/2007: Payment of Compensation for Property Situated on Landholdings Expropriated for Public Purposes; and  The Resettlement Policy Framework: Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project, June 2007.  Proclamation No. 564/2008: International Development Association Financing Agreement for Irrigation and Drainage Project Ratification;  Proclamation No. 841/2014, Irrigation Water Users Association

Regional level:  Proclamation No. 59/2001: The Revised Constitution of the Amhara National Regional State Approval Proclamation;  Proclamation No. 133/2006: The Revised Amhara National Regional State Rural Land Administration and Land Use Proclamation;  Council of Regional Government Regulations No. 51/2007: The Revised Amhara National State Rural Land Administration and Use System Implementation Regulations;  The Regional (Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority – BoEPLAU) Directive on Redistribution of Land in Modern Irrigation, 2007; and  The Regional (BoEPLAU) Guideline on Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purpose and Payment of Compensation, 2009.

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77. Land Acquisition Procedures: The Project is an irrigation development project to be implemented in a rural area and is thereby public in nature. Land acquisition for the project therefore, regulated by the country’s land tenure system. According to the Federal Constitution, land is a public property as there is no private ownership of land. Every farmer15, however, is entitled to have a rural landholding right, for an indefinite period of time. The farmer is also constitutionally protected from eviction from his/her landholding except for public purpose. Since land is State owned, it can be reclaimed through declaration of eminent domain without the consent of the individual landholders, regarded as involuntary resettlement. The procedures for land acquisition are governed by the relevant national legislation. According to Article 3(1) of Proclamation No. 455/2005, a Woreda Administration is legally empowered to expropriate landholding in rural areas for public purpose where it believes that it should be used for a better development project to be carried out by public entities.

78. The detailed procedure has been provided under Article 4 of this Proclamation, as follows:  determination by the Woreda to expropriate a landholding;  notification, in writing, indicating the time when the land has to be vacated and the amount of compensation to be paid;  the period of such expropriation notification, as determined by the regional guideline, being 90 days;  handing of the land to the Woreda within 30 days, where there is no crop, perennial crop or other property on the expropriated land; and  voluntarily handing over of the landholding by the landholder to the Woreda Administration within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation; or if the landholder refuses to receive the payment, from the date of deposit of the compensation in the blocked bank account in the name of the Woreda;

79. Land for Land Compensation: The planned RIDP is for public purpose i.e. to irrigate approximately 14,460 ha of land in the command area for approximately 11500 farming households across 19 kebeles. The development of the irrigation land is directly benefiting the people living in the command area. Constitutionally, land in Ethiopia is extra commercium, meaning that land is not subject to sale or to other means of exchange. Land is not subject to private ownership only to a private landholding right for an indefinite period of time therefore there is no payment of financial compensation in respect of land. Remedies relative to land may take the following form:  land substitution/replacement,  land redistribution, and/or  land consolidation.

80. This has been provided as per relevant land administration and use laws, and expropriation of land for public purpose and payment of compensation laws of the Federal Government and the Regional State. Based on the Federal Constitution, the federal government has enacted Proclamation No. 456/2005 for the purpose of providing a legal framework for rural land administration and use. The Proclamation provides the following:  acquisition and use of rural land by farmers freely;  duration of land use right of farmers having no time limit;  redistribution of land in case of irrigable land;  the right to get equitable benefit from irrigation development to be established;  determination of minimum rural landholding size and encouraging land consolidation; and  empowerment of regions to enact land administration and use law.

15 Farmer refers to those termed ‘peasant’ in legislation.

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81. Based on Proclamation No. 456/2005, the Regional State has promulgated Proclamation No. 133/2006 and Regulations No. 51/2007, to regulate rural land administration and use, including expropriation of rural land for public purpose and payment of compensation. The Regional Proclamation and Regulations provide the following:  a land administration system based on public participation;  to give priority to women, the disabled, and orphaned children… during the time of land distribution;  rural land will not to be expropriated unless it is to be used for public purpose;  exceptionally allowing the distribution of irrigable land to various users;  a minimum area of plot of land to be cultivable by rain or irrigation to be determined by regulations;  no person shall be expropriated from his/her holding without his/her consent, unless …for the purpose of public interest;  any land to be cultivated by modern irrigation may, causing the acquisition of proper share of the previous landholder, be distributed;  a farmer or semi-pastoralist whose land is taken by distribution shall, priory be paid compensation through the person to whom his/her land is to be given for permanent assets s/he cultivated on decreased land;  the landholders, on whose land the irrigation infrastructure and water dam are built, shall be provided with irrigable land as substitute, and be paid compensation apriori which it may be substituted by the would-be dam users for their assets cultivated on their land; and  consolidating individual farmer’s landholding in case of redistribution of irrigation land.

82. The Regional (Environmental Protection, Land Administration and Use Authority – BOEPLAU) Directive on Redistribution of Land in Modern Irrigation, 2007: To achieve implement article 14/1 of the region’s proclamation on rural land administration and use (Proclamation No. 133/98) which states that land must be redistributed to farmers that lose their land for the construction of irrigation schemes, manual was based on the authority’s responsibility to make the process of irrigation land redistribution transparent and fair, to create a conducive environment for the direct participation of the society in the redistribution, to clearly put the duties and responsibilities of the different bodies which will be involved in the land redistribution. Based on proclamation no. 133/98- article 14/1, any land to be developed through modern irrigation can be redistributed after compensating the pervious landholder in advance. The objective of the irrigation land redistribution is to give substitute land to the farmers who have given their land for the irrigation infrastructure construction through proportional land contribution by all land users. 83. Furthermore, as per the directive, as crop production would be impacted during the construction period, the owner of the land will be paid the estimated value of the annual production of the land as compensation until he/she gets a substitute land. The compensation will be starting from the year in which the land is taken and will continue till the time construction in the area is completed and a new plot of land is made available. In addition to compensation for loss of production till substitute land is given, the following shall be the rights of the irrigation land holder in addition to the rights given to other rural land holders by law: 1. The right to use the irrigation land and access to water based on the regulation of the irrigation water users’ association. 2. The right to attend meetings by irrigation land holders and the right to vote and be elected. 3. The right to get professional support and advice. Also, in addition to the obligations imposed on other rural land holders by law, irrigation land holders have the following obligations: 1. To use the irrigation water properly and economically. 2. To implement new irrigation technologies based on the advice given by experts. 3. To properly nurture the irrigated land. 4. To respect the boundaries of the lands obtained through redistribution and not to erase boundary signs. 5. To protect, clean and maintain the irrigation canals.

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6. To actively participate in the activities of the watershed development. 7. Not to cultivate crops that, are prohibited by experts because they are deemed to cause harm on irrigation water use or neighboring irrigation users. 8. Not to leave the lands idle, unless it is meant for naturally recovering the fertility of the land. 9. To fulfill obligations of sharing costs of the irrigation project construction stated in the agreement. 10. To avoid reduction of production and productivity due to failure to provide the additional inputs that are necessary for land developed through modern irrigation.

84. Financial Compensation: According to the Federal Constitution, ownership right to private property has been recognized and protected. Private property shall mean any tangible or intangible product that has value and is produced by the labour, creativity, enterprise or capital of an individual citizen. The government may expropriate private property for public purposes subject, however, to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property. Legally, compensation could be in cash or in kind or both. For this purpose, specific framework legislation Proclamation 455/2005 has been enacted by the federal government and to implement the provisions of this proclamation, Regulations No. 135/2007 have been issued. 85. According to these laws, private property may have the following forms:  tangible or intangible;  the tangibles are further classified into movable or immovable;  the immovable may constitute buildings and other structures on the land, including annual and perennial crops and other trees; and  Permanent improvements made on the land by labour or capital.

86. The principle of compensation rests on replacement cost. This may apply to different types of compensation. The following are legally recognized types of compensation:  for property on the land .  for structures: buildings and fences and other structures, if any .  for other properties: annual crops, perennial crops, trees, protected grass .  permanent improvement on the land .  for a property that could be relocated and continue its service;  displacement compensation;  displacement compensation for land used for crops and perennial crops is classified into two types i.e. the provision of replacement land or not; o a rural landholder whose landholding has been permanently expropriated shall be paid displacement compensation which shall be equivalent to ten times the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of land; o where the woreda administration confirms that a substitute land which can be easily ploughed and generate comparable income is available for the landholder, the compensation to be paid shall only be equivalent to the average annual income secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land  Displacement compensation for protected grass or grazing land. This type of compensation has further been divided into two, the classification being based on the provision of replacement land or not;  displacement compensation for provisional expropriation of rural land;  compensation for various properties  compensation for burial ground;j

87. Rehabilitation Assistance: According to both the federal and regional Constitutions, all people who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of State programmes have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate State assistance. The regional BoEPLAU Guideline for Payment of Compensation in case of expropriation of

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landholding for public purpose takes cognizance of that payment of compensation alone is not expected to rehabilitate landholders evicted from their land holding for public interest. It proposes for support on the preparation of alterative livelihoods to landholders evicted. Hence Woreda administrations are responsible for to avail alternatives for the sustainable rehabilitation of landholders and provide counseling and support.

88. For those with remaining plot of land: It proposes that problems and needs of farmers will be identified and they will be advised on their choices. It also recognizes that situation of land holders who can be rehabilitated on the remaining plot of land is different from who are totally evicted. Hence WoARD is to assist farmers to get better agricultural extension services than other farmers, to use various integrated agricultural package alternatives, to design mechanisms of accessing input supply at reasonable price.

89. For those landholders who do not have remaining land following clearance of lands and wish to resettle in other areas: For these, the following efforts shall be made:  the PAPs problems and needs will be studied and they shall be counselled in accordance;  if there is employment opportunity for the landholders and family members in the projects undertaken on the expropriated land, efforts shall be made to employ them in consultation with the concerned officials of the wereda and implementers of the project;  if there are unoccupied or free lands because of different reasons or if agreement is reached to grant substitute land from among the common land in the kebele for these PAPs by convincing the community which uses the common land, such land will be distributed among such holders and they will be assisted to have better land use and productivity on the land they are granted.  also to give them plot of land to establish micro enterprisesin the kebele and to provide counseling services to make their business profitable;  Consultation and advisory work will be made to the PAPs based on micro trade and industry projects such as grinding mill, various shops, restaurant, tea rooms, etc. that could be undertaken in the area by the people.

All such activities would be monitored periodically and advice provided so that the persons will engage in activities which are profitable until they become fully rehabilitated.

90. Proclamation No. 564/2008: An agreement was signed between the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia and the International Development Association for financing Irrigation and Drainage project. The Agreement signed on the 13th of July 2007 was ratified by the proclamation No. 564/2008. The Proclamation empowers the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development to undertake all acts necessary for the utilization of the loan amount in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in the financing Agreement. The Agreement itself articulates that the project consists of irrigation development, agricultural and market development, irrigation management, and project management in the form of various assistance and support in the development and implementation of a monitoring and evaluation framework and a management information system for the Project. The financing agreement besides presenting details on the project management also places some safeguards by requiring the GoE to ensure that the Project is implemented in accordance with the ESMF, RPF and the relevant national legal and policy requirements. Other safeguards include, inter alia, preparing Resettlement Action Plan acceptable to the Association (the Resettlement Action Plan), which plan shall be consistent with the provisions of the Resettlement Policy Framework). Also immediately thereafter and before commencement of the civil works the RAP shall be implemented in accordance with term and in a manner acceptable to the Association.

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91. Proclamation No. 841/2014 on Irrigation Water Users Association: A vital proclamation gazetted recently the modern irrigation projects and very relevant to the activities proposed in component 2 of the ENIDP is the proclamation on the Irrigation Water Users Association. The gazetted proclamation takes cognizance of the following:  Making use of water resources for agricultural irrigation has potential contribution to the food security and economic growth;  Need for compatible legal framework for farmer’s management of irrigation and drainage system  It is necessary to establish a system for the formation of self regulating non-profit oriented irrigation water user association that act in public interest to provide irrigation and drainage services in rural areas  Necessary to establish legal basis for transfer of Irrigation and Drainage (I&D) systems constructed by government to Water Users Association (WUAs) and to regulate the supply of services between association and service providers to achieve improved management of water resources

Definitions:Amongst definitions provided in the proclamation, the key ones are:  Association: irrigated water users association established and registered in accordance with the proclamation;  Service area: means the defined land area where the association operates;  Irrigation and drainage system: means a canal or a system of canals or pipes that can be used to transmit water to a defined land area for irrigation including any associated weir, dam or diversion structure, storage reservoir, or pond as well as any gates, pumps, land, buildings, equipments, access roads, and structures which are necessary to operate, maintain and repair the system together with any associated drainage canals;  Water supply point means a point at which an association takes responsibility for the management of the irrigation water which may include a dam or weir, a diversion structure, a gate or turnout in a main irrigation and drainage system, a canal a hydrant a well a spring or a pumping station;  Modern irrigation and drainage system means a irrigation and drainage system constructed on the basis of a formal study and design or a modernized irrigation and drainage system – such as the RIDP under ENIDP  Unit a defined part of the service area of an association;  Unit representative means a member elected to represent a unit at the meeting of the general assembly;  Service provider means any public or private enterprise, other than the federation, which conducts the management, operation and maintenance of main irrigation and drainage system  Person: means any natural or legal person;

Objectives: The objectives of forming an association are described as to: manage an I&D system wholly or partly in its service area and provide water equitably to its members and to supply irrigation water and drainage services to its members; maintain rejuvenate and improve the I&D system and to undertaken construction works as necessary; take appropriate measures to combat erosion, sailinity and pollution; issue internal rules for consumption of irrigation water and collect fees from the members for the services provided; procure substitute maintain and operate irrigation equipments; and finally train its members in irrigation techniques, irrigation farming methods, water saving methods and new technologies of irrigation.

Processes:It details the formation and registration processes; prescribes the minimum number of members required to form the IWUA as being 5 (five) representing different units of the proposed service area; guiding principles for the association.

Membership of association and rights and duties of members: It defines any person who possesses and uses land in accordance with the appropriate land holding system which is located within the service area of an association as a member of the association. In order to become a member, s/he must pay outstanding contributions and fees due to the association previously not given/collected. Members have the right to:  get a fair share of the irrigation water users distributed by the association  to benefit from other services provided by /through the association

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 to elect or be elected for different bodies of the association upon discharging fees of the association  to propose agenda for discussion at general assembly meetings  to receive compensation from the association for damages caused on his/her land or crops as a result of the intentional or negligent act of any employee; and  to visit office of the association during working hours to peruse records and be provided with requested information on accounts, plans, etc.

Other key features include:  The general assembly comprising of representatives of units are to meet at least once a year  Annual membership fee and water delivery charge: These are described below: o Every association shall collect from its member an annual membership fee in proportion of the size of the plot of the land of member to cover service costs o Amount of the annual membership fee payable shall be used to . Cover O&M costs . Pay service providers for operation of the I&D system or the removal of obstruction of canal . Pay salaries of staff and other costs . Maintain reserve fund  Members of an association which has small financial costs may agree to make some or the entire annual membership fee to be paid in kind including contribution of labor.

An association may impose water delivery charge on each member in proportion to the volume of irrigation water used or by the size of plot of land of that member.

92. Rights of Women in Ethiopia: The Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1995) promotes gender equality and the rights of women, as does local legislation, encouraging the principles of equality and participation of all. Equality and the rights of women referred to in the Constitution include:

Article 25: Right to Equality: All persons are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to the equal protection of the law. In this respect, the law shall guarantee to all peoples equal and effective protection without discrimination on grounds of sex or other status.

Article 35: Rights of Women:Women shall, in the enjoyment of rights and protections provided for by this Constitution, have equal right with men.  Women have equal rights with men in marriage as prescribed by this Constitution (reiterated in Article 34, Marital, Personal and Family Rights: Men and women … have equal rights while entering into, during marriage and at the time of divorce).  The historical legacy of inequality and discrimination suffered by women in Ethiopia taken into account, women, in order to remedy this legacy, are entitled to affirmative measures. The purpose of such measures shall be to provide special attention to women so as to enable them to compete and participate on the basis of equality with men in political, social and economic life as well as in public and private institutions.  The State shall enforce the right of women to eliminate the influences of harmful customs. Laws, customs and practices that oppress or cause bodily or mental harm to women are prohibited.  Women have the right to full consultation in the formulation of national development policies, the designing and execution of projects, and particularly in the case of projects affecting the interests of women (reiterated in Article 43, The Right to Development).  Women have the right to acquire, administer, control, use and transfer property. In particular, they have equal rights with men with respect to use, transfer, administration and control of land. They shall also enjoy equal treatment in the inheritance of property.  Women shall have a right to equality in employment, promotion, pay … (reiterated in Article 42, Rights of Labour: Women workers have the right to equal pay for equal work).

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According to Article 13, the fundamental rights and freedoms … shall be interpreted in a manner conforming to the principles of the UDHR, International Covenants on Human Rights, and international instruments adopted by Ethiopia.

Article 89 Economic Objectives:  Government has the duty to ensure that all Ethiopians get equal opportunity to improve their economic condition and to promote equitable distribution of wealth among them  Government has the duty to hold, on behalf of the People, land and other natural resources and to deploy them for their common benefit and development.  Government shall at all times promote the participation of the People in the formulation of national development policies and programmes; it shall also have the duty to support the initiatives of the People in their development endeavours.  Government shall ensure the participation of women in equality with men in all economic and social development endeavours.

93. Grievance Redressal: Disputes or grievances may arise during the resettlement & compensation payment process. The grievance or dispute could be between the relevant PAP & the local government that takes the land, measures & which values properties, through Valuation Committee, and pays compensation. The PAPs shall have a constitutional right to justice. According to Articles 37(1) of the Federal & Regional Constitutions, everyone has the right to bring a justiciable matter to, and to obtain a decision or judgment by, a court of law or any other competent body with judicial power. 94. Accordingly, the grievance procedure has been provided under the following policy, legal & administrative documents. The procedure regulates on which aspect of the resettlement & rehabilitation process a complaint is to be submitted, to which institutions to submit same, the time framework within which to submit, preconditions to be fulfilled to submit same and so forth. The applicable legal, policy & administrative documents, generally, are the following.  as per Article 11 of the (federal) Proclamation No. 455/2005;  as per Article 12 of the (federal) Proclamation No. 456/2005;  as per Article 29 of the (regional) Proclamation No. 133/2006;  as per the (regional) Proclamation No. 148/ 2007;  as per Article 33 of the (regional) Regulations No. 51/2007;  as per Article 29 of the BoEPLAU Guideline;

6.2 World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement 95. The Bank’s policy recognizes that involuntary resettlement may cause severe long-term hardship, impoverishment, and environmental damage unless appropriate measures are carefully planned and carried out. For these reasons, the overall objectives of the Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement are the following: (a) Involuntary resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs. (b) Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced persons should be meaningfully consulted and should have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs. (c) Displaced persons should be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. (d) Share information, consult and involve PAPs and local persons from preparation stage in issues of land acquisition, loss of livelihood and in identifying social issues likely to arise during project implementation;

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(e) Pay special attention to marginalized and vulnerable groups and secure their participation; (f) Ensure payment of compensation and assistance to PAPs at replacement cost, prior to any displacement or start of civil works;

96. The OP describes World Bank policies and procedures on involuntary resettlement as well as conditions that borrowers are expected to meet during operations involving resettlement of affected groups. It requires an entitlement framework aimed at restoration of affected livelihoods, replacement, and participation of and consultation with affected groups. A detailed social assessment and development of an action plan having list of measures for betterment/ restoration of lost assets/ income is required to be submitted to bank before start of project work. Further it requires that appropriate monitoring and evaluation be carried to ensure achievement of project objectives.

6.3 Comparison between GoE legislations and WB OP 4.12 97. Prior to 2005, no specific legal framework existed relating to expropriation and compensation. In 2005, however, Proclamation No 455/2005 ‘Expropriation of Landholdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation Proclamation’ was promulgated. This introduced a legal framework within which resettlement activities must be conducted, and brought Ethiopian legislation more in line with international best practice requirements. Despite this, there were still some differences between the national Ethiopian legislation and the World Bank Policy OP 4.12. These relate to the general principles for resettlement, eligibility criteria, the notification period for expropriation and resettlement, and the procedures required throughout the resettlement process. 98. The first main difference is that according to OP 4.12, resettlement should be avoided whenever possible, while national legislation states that ‘expropriation of land will be done when deemed necessary for public purposes’. The second difference relates to eligibility, that OP 4.12 entitles those who have formal rights, claims to land and no recognizable legal right, to compensation, while national legislation entitles only those who are ‘landholders’ with legal possession of the land and who own property thereon. Another key difference is the notification period required. National legislation requires that property must be handed over 90 days after compensation has been paid, while OP 4.12 requires that displacement must not occur before necessary measures for resettlement are in place. Where there are gaps between the Ethiopian and the World Bank Policies, especially regarding PAP compensations and rights, then OP 4.12 or the more people friendly of the two provisions will take precedence.Table 6.1sets out the differences between Ethiopian legislation and the World Bank OP 4.12.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.1 – Comparison between Government of Ethiopia’s Legislation and World Bank’s OP 4.12 Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison Policy Objective World Bank OP 4.12 has overall policy objectives, Proclamation No 455/2005 (Article 3(1)) gives power to The World Bank requirement for avoidance or requiring that: Woreda urban administration to “expropriate rural or minimisation of involuntary resettlement is not written  Involuntary resettlement should be avoided urban landholdings for public purpose where it believes into Ethiopian legislation. However, this is expected wherever possible, or minimised, exploring that it should be used for a better development…” This is to be made clear in the Regulations and Guidelines all alternatives supported by Article 51(5) and Article 40(8) of the 1995 to be developed in association with Proclamation No  Resettlement programs should be Constitution. 455/2005. Proclamation No 455/2005 does not sustainable, include meaningful consultation Proclamation No 455/2005 (Article 7(5)) states that “the require consultation with displaced persons with affected parties, and provide benefits to cost of removal, transportation and erection shall be paid throughout the resettlement process, rather it only the affected parties as compensation for a property that could be relocated allows for a complaints and grievance process. Also,  Displaced persons should assisted in and continue its service as before.” although Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for some improving livelihoods etc, or at least form of support to the displaced persons, it does not restoring them to previous levels explicitly state that livelihoods should be restored to previous levels or improved Eligibility for World Bank OP 4.12 gives eligibility to:  Proclamation No 455/2005, Article 7(1) allows According to World Bank OP 4.12, eligibility for Compensation  those who have formal legal rights to land ‘landholders’ to be eligible for compensation, where compensation is granted to all affected parties. (including customary and traditional rights the term “landholder” (Article 2(3)) means ”an Ethiopian Legislation only grants compensation to recognized under the laws of the country); individual, government or private organisation or any those with lawful possession of the land and, as per  those who do not have formal legal rights to other organ which has legal personality and has Proclamation No 456, those with traditional land at the time the census begins but have lawful possession over the land to be expropriated possession i.e. on communal land. It therefore does a claim to such land or assets provided that and owns property situated thereon”. not recognize those without a legal right or claim as such claims are recognized under the laws Proclamation No 456/255; Article 6(1) accepts the eligible for compensation. It therefore does not of the country or become recognized through existence of communal land. recognize those without a legal right or claim as a process identified in the resettlement plan, eligible for compensation, but however such PAPs but have a claim to such land; and can be considered as Conditionally Eligible till the  those who do not have recognisable legal time they go through a formal process and clarifying right or claim to the land their eligibility as per national guidelines. Compensation OP 4.12 Article 6(a) requires that displaced persons  Article 7 of Proclamation No 455/2005 entitles the  The World Bank requirement for compensation are provided with prompt and effective landholder to compensation for the property on the and valuation of assets is that compensation compensation at full replacement cost for losses of land on the basis of replacement cost; and and relocation must result in the affected assets attributable directly to the project. If physical permanent improvements to the land, equal to the person having property and livelihood returned relocation is an impact, displaced persons must be value of capital and labor expended. to them to at least equivalent standards as provided with assistance during relocation and Where property is on urban land, compensation may not before. This is not required in Ethiopian law. residential housing, housing sites and/or agricultural be less than constructing a single room low-cost house as Rural landholders are not compensated for sites to at least equivalent standards as the previous per the region in which it is located. It also requires that rental housing during relocation. Provisions of site. Replacement cost does not take depreciation the cost of removal, transportation and erection will be urban landholders is not directly relevant in this

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.1 – Comparison between Government of Ethiopia’s Legislation and World Bank’s OP 4.12 Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison into account. In terms of valuing assets, if the paid as compensation for a relocated property continuing specific sub-project residual of the asset being taken is not economically its service as before. Valuation formulae are to be viable, compensation and assistance must be provided by regulations. provided as if the entire asset had been taken. Valuation and  With regard to land and structures,  Article 8 of Proclamation No 455/2005 allows for rural  Compensation according to the World Bank is Amount of ‘replacement cost’ is defined as follows: For landholders whose landholdings have been broader and ensures that all property and inputs Displacement agricultural land it is the pre-project or pre- permanently expropriated to be paid compensation to livelihoods are taken into account, including Compensation displacement, whichever is higher, market according to Article 7 (above), as well as the costs associated with developing new value of land of equal productive potential or displacement compensation equivalent to ten times livelihoods to the same standards or better. use located in vicinity of the affected land, plus the annual average secured during the five years Ethiopian legislation relating to rural landholders is the cost of preparing the land to levels similar preceding the expropriation of land. Where the relatively fair, and will be expanded upon by the to those of the affected land, plus the cost of landholding has been provisionally expropriated, the regulations to be promulgated. Provisions of urban any registration and transfer taxes. annual average income shall also be applied, but landholders is not directly relevant in this specific  For land in urban areas, it is the pre- only until possession of the land, but not exceeding sub-project displacement market value of land of equal size 10 years. If equivalent substitute land is available, and use, with similar or improved public this shall equal the average annual income. infrastructure facilities and services, and Article 9 requires that the valuation of property is carried located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus out by a certified private or public institution or private the cost of any registration and transfer taxes. consultant as per the valuation formulae as mentioned For houses and other structures, it is the market above. Until these regulations are promulgated, a cost of the materials to build a replacement structure Valuation Committee will undertake the task. The with an area and quality similar to or better than committee must be made up of experts with relevant those of the affected structure, plus the cost of qualifications. This must be designated by the Woreda transporting building materials to the construction Administration. A specialized committee of experts may site, plus the cost of any labour and contractors’ also be set up separately if required. (Committee fees, plus the cost of any registration and transfer procedures will be determined by directives). taxes. Notification OP4.12 requires that the resettlement activities Article 4 of Proclamation No 455/2005 requires notification The proclamation, by any means, does not allow Period/Timing of associated with a subproject are linked to the in writing, with details of timing and compensation, which expropriation of land before compensation is paid. It Displacement implementation of the EIDP programme to ensure cannot be less than 90 days from notification. It requires requires the holder to hand over the land within 90 that displacement or restriction of access does not that land should be handed over within 90 days of days from the date of payment of compensation. If occur before necessary measures for resettlement payment of compensation should the leaseholder accept he refuses to receive the payment, from the date of are in place. In particular, taking of land and related payment. If there is no crop or other property on the land, deposit of the compensation in a blocked bank assets may take place only after compensation has it must be handed over within 30 days of notice of account in the name of the woreda administration as been paid, and, where applicable resettlement sites expropriation. It further gives power to seize the land may be appropriate. Howevver it does not specify

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.1 – Comparison between Government of Ethiopia’s Legislation and World Bank’s OP 4.12 Theme World Bank OP 4.12 Ethiopian Legislation Comparison and moving allowances have been provided to through police force should the landholder be unwilling to necessary measures for resettlement have taken displaced persons. hand over the land. place, such as alternative relocation site, etc. This can have serious consequences for those affected, as they may be displaced without shelter or livelihood. Hence the scheduling of activities need to be incorporated in the RAP Responsibilities of According to OP 4.12 (including Articles 14 and 18), Article 5 of Proclamation No 455/2005 sets out the The process required for the project proponent/ the Project the borrower is responsible for conducting a census responsibilities of the implementing agency, requiring implementing agency is very much less according to Proponent and preparing, implementing, and monitoring the them to gather data on the land needed and the works, Ethiopian Legislation. This does not require the appropriate resettlement instrument. Article 24 and to send these to the appropriate officials for implementing agency to undergo a planning process states that the borrower is also responsible for an permission. It also requires them to pay compensation to (e.g. RAP) or a certain process for implementation, adequate monitoring and evaluation instrument. In affected landholders. and for monitoring and evaluating whether the addition, upon completion of the project, the resettlement has been successful. Hence needs to borrower must undertake an assessment to be incorporated/planned for this sub-project. determine whether the objectives of the resettlement instrument have been achieved. This must all be done according to the requirements of OP 4.12. that requires that the borrower informs potentially displaced persons at an early stage about the resettlement aspects of the project and takes their views into account in project design.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

99. Fromtheabove,thekeyoperational differencesrelatetoi) eligibilityofPAPandii) notificationregarding displacement. TheRAPtakescognizanceofthesetwoaspectsandprovidesforcompensationforaffectedpersons as identified in the asset inventory survey and also thenotificationregarding displacement. 100. Eligibility: With consideration given to World Bank policy, for this RAP project eligibility has also been determinedby applyingnationallegislation,inconsultationwith theClientandother stakeholders,includingBOEPLAU andlocalgovernmentadministration. Eligibilitywasdefinedintermsof declaringthelegal status orrelationshipofeachPAP tolandand/or propertieson theland. a) Eligible PAPsarethosePAPs,withclear possessionoflandinthelandholdingbookandtherefore are fully eligible for all compensation and rehabilitation measures; b) Conditionally eligible PAPs are those who at the time of verification and preparation of RAP document were having the following:  erroneuosor missing certificatenumberi  Erroneous Name or full name missing or identical  Not issuedwithlandholdingcertificateyet (under process or not yet applied).

101.The persons in the conditionally eligible category shall go through the formal process of clarifying their eligibility as per national guidelines and consistent with OP 4.12 and be categorized as eligible upon meeting requirements. Then they too shall be entitled to all compensation, resettlement and rehabilitation measures and the process for same would be completed before commencement of compensation payments.

6.4 Resettlement Policy Framework 102.The RPF for ENIDP has been formulated on basis of GoE legislations and the World Bank’s OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement. It is based on the basic principle that resettlement should be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all possible alternatives for project design. Where resettlement cannot be avoided, measures shall be taken to ensure that displaced persons are effectively consulted and have opportunities to take part in the planning and implementation of the programs. In addition, displaced persons will be assisted and adequately compensated such that their livelihoods and standards of living are improved or at least restored to previous levels. This will relate to all people directly affected by the ENIDP subprojects, due to the involuntary taking of land and other assets. Measures to address resettlement shall ensure that project affected peoples are informed about their options and rights pertaining to resettlement, included in the consultation process and given the opportunity to participate in the selection of technically and economically feasible alternatives. They will also be provided prompt and effective compensation at full replacement cost for losses of assets and access attributable to the subproject(s). 103.The entitlement provisions listed below in Table 6.2 for RIDP Phase I and II are based upon RPF prepared for the entire ENIDP project and substantively address the minimum requirements as per the agreed Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) that was approved by the World Bank in 2007 and disclosed at Bank’s Infoshop.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.2 – Entitlement Framework for RIDP (Phase I and II) Category of loss Unit of entitlement Type of entitlement Details of entitlement Land Permanent Loss Titleholder/ Provision of irrigated land All land holders in the command area, including of agricultural PAH n PAHs – i.e. those directly losing a portion of their land (All eligible and land to the infrastructure, will lose their previous conditionally eligible16 holdings and shall post-redistribution, receive Individual Farmer persons) irrigated and thereby a more productive but proportionally smaller plot of land. Land redistribution will eventually take place when the irrigation infrastructure construction is completed. All land holders in phase 2 area affected by River Training work directly losing a portion of their land for the infrastructure will lose their previous holding and shall post redistribution receive irrigated and their by productive (but proportionally smaller plot of land in phase 1 commnad area.

16 but subsequently certified vide the formal process of certification as per Ethiopian regulations but prior to commencement of compensation payments

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.2 – Entitlement Framework for RIDP (Phase I and II) Category of loss Unit of entitlement Type of entitlement Details of entitlement   Kebele  Displacement  Shall be paid for the permanent loss equivalent Administration, compensation for to ten times the average annual income secured School ten years during the five years preceding the Administration  expropriation of the land. Where the land is  Church  used to grow perennial crops, the average Administration annual yield is multiplied by the number of years  Police Office required to attain the level of growth of the perennial crops  Loss of  Individual  Annual  For the temporary loss of farmland, the agricultural landholders – compensation for individual holders will be paid an amount equal land: formally or loss of crop to the five years average income multiplied by temporary informally production till three years (time required to complete the work registered, or substitute land that and redistribute irrigable land). Pyament will be unregistered is smaller sized (in in annyal cash payment starting from the date (individual) proportion to the the holders give up their land. This will cover  size of original land three crop years during construction and will be  People with is provided – paid annually. In case of delay in construction usufruct rights to smaller size due to completion,the annual compensation will be land (e.g. the land taken up by payable till the time irrigated land is available for informal settlers; the physical farming. sharecroppers of structure of the land), yet with no irrigation scheme) recognisable  legal right/claim  Compensation for to land they are crops on land, for using at the time improvements made of legal on land and land verification but preparation for the are soon new harvest expecting clear  possession  support under following a Component 2 of process of ENIDP updation of forproductivity ownership details improvement, skills and issuance of and marketingon the landholding book, remaining portion of prior to land compensation  payment   Kebele Administration Structures

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.2 – Entitlement Framework for RIDP (Phase I and II) Category of loss Unit of entitlement Type of entitlement Details of entitlement  Impacted  Structure Owner  Cash compensation  Compensation will be calculated without house and / PAH at replacement cost depreciation and at replacement cost which other  includes .cost of material and labour for structures reconstruction, and cost of relocation to other (kitchen, non-affected landbesides inconvenience costs toilet, cattle and other transaction costs shed,  The household/family will be allowed to salvage animal barns all the material of the demolished structure even and stores) if compensated  Fences  Structure owner/  Replacement  Compensation shall be included in buildings  PAH compensation and shall be determined by calculating the included in buildings current cost per square meter or the unit cost required for constructing a similar fence. Grazing Land Privately owned Titlelandholders Cash compensation Size of the grazing land in m2 x the quantity of grass common grazing payable for ten years (as in bale per m2 x the current market price of the grass land no replacement land is per bale available)

Support under component 2 to improve fodder Communal Kebele Administration  Cashcompensation Size of the grazing land in m2 x the quantity of grass Grazing land payable for ten in bale per m2 x the current market price of the grass years (as no per bale replacement land is available) Kebele consult farmers and identify priority list of projects to be implemented Crops and Trees Subsistence Titleholder/PAH Compensation as per  Cost of permanent improvement on the land will crops (Teff, directive also be taken into account. Maize, Wheat)  The highest value of the previous year, corrected for inflation shall be taken to determine compensation for subsistence crops. Perennial Crops Titleholder/PAH Compensation as per  Compensation for unripe perennial crops shall (mango, coffee, directive be determined by calculating the estimated cost gesho ) for growing the plants.  Cost of permanent improvement on the land will also be taken into account.  The amount of compensation for ripe perennial crops shall be determined on the basis of the average annual yield, the current market price of the crops and the cost of permanent improvement on land Fruit Crops Titleholder/ PAH Compensation as per  For standing crops at the time of Project (Trees) directive implementation, annual crops shall be based on the current market price of the estimated production that could have been harvested from the damaged crop  Valuation of ripe crops (trees): productivity of last 5 years averaged and multiplied for 10 years. Unripe crops: Labor and material cost to

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.2 – Entitlement Framework for RIDP (Phase I and II) Category of loss Unit of entitlement Type of entitlement Details of entitlement bring about the tree to that level plus cost for permanent improvement to the land.  The owner of trees may, in lieu of compensation, cut and collect the trees within the period fixed by law. Natural Trees Title holder /PAH Cash Compensation or Compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the Cut tree level of growth of the tree and the current local price Kebele Administration per tree. The owner of trees may, in lieu of compensation, cut and collect the trees within the period fixed by law. Eucalyptus Trees Title holder /PAH Cash Compensation Compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the level of growth of the tree and the current local price Kebele Administration per tree. The owner of trees may, in lieu of compensation, cut and collect the trees within the period fixed by law. Compensation for the tree at medium level of development stage shall be multiplied by its productivity, which means the number of plantlets emerging from the cut root, and the number of harvest in ten years period (as Eucalyptus tree when cut once brings forth 3-5 viable trees and gives harvest two times in subsequent 10 years period.)  Common or Community Property Resources Loss of Common Kebele Administration/ Replacement cost in The current local construction cost/market price of property School Administration/ cash for assets such as (material, labour and financial cost). The current resources such as Church land, structure construction cost (material + labour + financial cost) land or structure Administration/ Police Office  Matter to be raised to the kebele administration Loss of or  and resettlement committee. Such common increased  Kebele  Enhancement/augm properties shall be enhanced as necessary and pressure on Administration entation of could include additional dug wells (or repair to common property resources or non-functional ones) at project cost resources such as replacement dug wells  Vulnerable Households Additional  Titleholder / PAH  Additional support Vulnerable households shall be given: assistance to  measures over and  would be supported in relocation (in kind) from vulnerable groups above original site to the alternate site  Unmarried compensation  additional support in the form of design, labor to women  reconstruct their houses;  Female-   preference (to other able bodied members in headed  the household) in work opportunities with Households,  construction works (within their kebele), tree  Small scale  nursery/plantation programs and other farmers  livelihood programs;  Elderly/very   additionally during land redistribution process, old attempts will be made to provide them with a  HIV/AIDS plot located in close proximity to social service infected institutions, particularly Health Post/Centres) persons  Persons with disability and

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Table 6.2 – Entitlement Framework for RIDP (Phase I and II) Category of loss Unit of entitlement Type of entitlement Details of entitlement chronically ill  Landless Additional  Landless youth  Additional support  Preference to be given to affected PAPs for assistance to (as per list measuresover and Project construction and associated activities  Landless provided by above  tree nursery/plantation programs and other persons and Woreda compensation livelihood programs youth administration   other required works/support personnel such as office and  excavation works, drivers, support in material Women, Youth  handling, etc. and Children  Office)     Construction Stage Impacts For accidental Titleholder/ PAH Cash Compensation to Any loss of or damage to crop on unaffected parcel loss or damage to Kebele administration individual of the PAP or adjacent plot holders (Non-PAP), due crops or any to diversion of river water for project infrastructure Common property Replacement of structure construction purpose, or due to movement of resource (CPR) to kebele machinery, will be reported to the Kebele Grievance during Committee that is operational for appropriate inquiry construction and assessment. If found genuine, it shall recommend commensurate payment as per applicable rates for the damaged crop to the affected person at the updated rates prevalent at the time. In case of CPR, compensate the kebele by replacing the asset. Loss of or PAH / Kebele Provision of alternate Contractor will be required to provide and maintain disruption to administration access alternate access till permanent access/service roads access due to are built/provided. construction of canals, service roads Temporary land Titleholder / PAH Compensation In case there are new areas are required and take for quarry identified outside the zone on a temporary basis, a sites, borrow pits Kebele contractual agreement (in written) between the PAP for dam Administration/, and Contractor for the said period to same condition construction School Administration/ as before or with improvements/ enhancements as Church agreed to between PAP and Contractor in the written Administration/ agreement or MOU. Police Office Any Other Titleholder / PAH Livelihood Support, Unforeseen impacts will be reported to operational Impacts related to Training as identified Kebele Grievance Committee for investigation and loss of assets/ resolution. It should be documented and mitigative livelihood not measures have to be proposed within the overall identified at this principles & provisions of RPF. stage

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Calculation of compensation is presented as follows.

Nature of Compensation Calculation of Compensation Compensation for house/store/ barn and other works The current construction cost (material + labour + financial cost) + costs for permanent improvement of the land (clearing + land leveling + stone clearing + other land developments) + refund for the remaining lease period (for a leased land) Compensation for crops [Size of Meher land (in ha) x productivity per ha x market price of the crop (Birr/ quintal)] + costs for permanent land improvement + [size of Belg land (in ha x productivity per ha x market price of the crop (Birr/ quintal )(for only Belg growers)] + [irrigation development compensation will be paid only to landholders that produce twice and more in a year.] Compensation for young permanent crops that [No. of crops(legs) x estimated labour and material cost for each crop] + haven’t started giving yield. cost for permanent land improvement Compensation for permanent plantation which started [The annual production of a plantation (in Kg) x the current market price yield of the permanent plantation x the number of trees per ha x ha] + cost for the permanent improvement of the land. Compensation for trees other than eucalyptus [The type of tree for instance acacia (large No. of trees x unit price) + (medium No. of trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] + [if tree is Wanza (large No. of trees x unit price) + (medium No. of trees x unit price) + (small No. of trees x unit price)] + … Compensation for Eucalyptus or similar tree planted (No. of beam x unit price) + (No. of ridges x unit price) + (No. of poles x for firewood or construction unit price) + (No. of bunches x unit price) + (No. of transferred and grown seedling x unit price) + (No. of roots x unit price) Compensation for removable property/structures Cost for removing the property + transport cost + re-plantation cost (i.e replacement cost for structures – the amount of resources needed to construct new structure similar in type and size is considered and translated into money. During computation local prices where the original structure existed is considered). 104.The support measures provided for PAPs under Component 2 of ENIDP such as water conservation practices, farm inputs – implements, seeds and fertilizers, crop trainings, etc. will be available to all project beneficiaries – PAPs and Non-PAPs in project command area covered under RIDP Phase I. 105.Mitigation measures and the applicable processes for compensation, applicable mitigation measures towards affected individuals and overall community are detailed in the next Chapter.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

CHAPTER 7 – COMPENSATION, LAND REDISTRIBUTION AND PROCESSES

106.The Chapter presents mitigation measures commensurate to the adverse impacts on the affected persons as a result of the proposed irrigation project. It describes the measures pre-construction, during construction and post construction. It also describes the formula for land redistribution, the process of disbursement and receipt of compensation by the affected persons.

7.1 Mitigation measures for Preconstruction Stage Impacts

7.1.1 Compensation for annual loss of crop production and redistribution of irrigated land 107. Compensation for crop production: As Ethiopian government regulations do not permit cash compensation for land, land loss leading to a loss of production would be compensated through a process of cash compensation and land redistribution. As the taking of land for the purpose of construction of irrigation infrastructure is of a temporary nature (i.e. a provisional period of 1-5 years), the annual average revenue earned by such a landholder for the previous 3 years will be considered in the calculation of resettlement compensation in order to compensate the benefit he may lose until rehabilitation. As during this period, crop production would be impacted, the owner of the land will be paid the estimated value of the annual production of the land as compensation until he/she gets a substitute land as per directives. The compensation will be starting from the year in which the land is taken and will continue for a period of 2 and 3 years to cover for the 22 and 30 months construction period of Phase Ia and Phase Ib or till the time construction in the area is completed and a new plot of land is made available. 108.Land redistribtution: The land redistribution will be carried out by Woreda OoEPLAU with the assistance of the Regional BoEPLAU in accordance with Directive on Land Redistribution in Modern Irrigation (BoEPLAU, 2007). All land holders in the command area, including PAHs – i.e. those directly losing a portion of their land to the infrastructure, will lose their previous holdings and shall post-redistribution, receive irrigated and thereby a more productive but proportionally smaller plot of land. Land redistribution will eventually take place when the irrigation infrastructure construction is completed. Brief description of the process to be followed as well as the formula to calculate the exact size of new irrigated plot and redistribution of land post construction is given below:  Cadastral survey of the entire affected area shall be carried out;  Public hearing and disclosure with the cadastral survey details shall be undertaken;  Collection of these details followed by the overlay/superimposing of the construction design over the cadastral index map;  the net command area shall be calculated for obtaining the quantum of land available for redistribution. The redistribution formula will include a system of proportionate deduction of land from all users for research, demonstration and other common services and the land will be kept outside of private ownership within irrigation block.

Therefore the applicable formula would be:

(net irrigable land) – (area of reserved plots) ------X landholder’s holding in the command area gross affected area

 Area of reserved plots would represent about 3% of the net irrigable area and will be managed by the Water User Associations for research, demonstration and common services. Further, if need arises, part of it might be used as a buffer at the end of the compensation process.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

 Prioritizing each and every person’s allocation land with the land redistribution committee based on criteria from the directive;  Distributing land in soft copy (computer level) followed by ground truthing of the same;

109. After the irrigation land redistribution and permanent demarcation of border is made, a site plan that shows the size and shape of the new land holding will be prepared for and given to each holdertogether with the land possession verifying book.

110. The land redistribution will be implemented starting from the kebele near to the dam following the irrigation’s main canal. As per directive, attempt will be made make the irrigation land redistribution fair and transparent. First priority shall be given to those land holders who have a house or a permanent crop on the land. Further, it is to be noted that:  once the irrigated land redistribution is completed, based on the full consent of land holders, and professional decision of the Woreda office representative, it would be possible for exchanges of land amongst holders. The process would be undertaken to ensure that new redistributed parcel is most likely to be part of his/her original land or else be provided in a location nearest to his/her original parcel. It would also ensure that any difference in fertility between his/her old and new parcel post –redistribution would be minimal or nil.  For farmers whose irrigation land holding size is below 0.06 hectare, a new holding will be given in groups. Neighboring landholders with less than 0.06 ha will merge and be certified as common land holding whereby the share of each landholder will be registered and recognized. A separate list will be prepared showing the list of land holders and their shares in the group holding.

111. In addition to above, the following shall be the rights of the irrigation land holder in addition to the rights (besides obligations – see Chapter 6) given to other rural land holders by law:  The right to use the irrigation land and access to water based on the regulation of the irrigation water users’ association – guidelines for which are yet to be formulated following the gazzetting of proclamation.  The right to attend meetings by irrigation land holders and the right to vote and be elected.  The right to get professional support and advice.

112. As the main objective of the ENIDP and the irrigation scheme is to increase productivity of farmers and improve the standard of living, farmers (PAPs and Non-PAPs) will get access to agricultural and market support services – under the Agricultural and Market Development Component of ENIDP i.e. Component 2. The objective of this component is to promote sustainable intensification and commercialization of agriculture on the irrigation schemes developed by the project. The component will help to establish forward and backward linkages between irrigated agriculture and markets.

7.1.2 Compensation for privately held common grazing land 113. Compensation shall be paid for the loss of grazing common land in form of cash to affected farmers for a total of ten years (either to paid yearly or lump-sum one time). Further as the rain-fed agricultural land is being converted to a new irrigated land, increased production leading to more crop residue shall suffice to meet the demand for fodder for livestock. It would be further supplemented by livestock development and improvements to communal grazing land.

7.1.3 Compensation for loss of structures (residential and other structures) 114. Full compensation at replacement costs for structures – residential, grain storages, kitchens, dug wells, toilets, cattle sheds, would be paid one-time to the PAP as per entitlement framework. Besides, PAPs can dismantle

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these structures and salvage any structural material for reconstruction, even though these are already compensated for. As the canal structure would lead to loss of residential structure, but not take up all of the land, the PAP can reconstruct his house in the remainder of his parcel and therefore will not require relocation..

7.1.4 Compensation for loss of Eucalyptus trees 115. For Eucalyptus trees lost, cash compensation would be paid at regenerative value as applicable for ten years.

7.1.5 Compensation for loss of Indigenous trees 116. For Indigenous or Natural trees, Compensation shall be estimated on the basis of the level of growth of the tree and the current local price per tree. Further a Tree nursery program would be implemented to plant twice as many (two fold) trees as lost due to project infrastructure, in the locality. Woreda Agriculture Office will provide indigenous tree species to the kebele under the Safety Net program. (For more details refer to ESMP). This program will involve many of the landless and youth and other willing members of the vulnerable households

7.1.6 Compensation for communal grazing land 117. As only 0.5% of the total grazing land (including area of the kebeles outside the RIDP project command area) would be affected by the construction of canal the rest would continue to function as a communal grazing land and with irrigation, its productivity would grow multifold. Instead of providing replacement land, compensation shall be paid for the loss of grazing common land in form of cash to all the affected kebeles for a total of ten years (either to paid yearly or at one time) and ensuring its judicious usage. Further the following actions are proposed:  Kebele will use the compensation money by investing in upgrading and improve the nearest and other grazing lands available with the kebele and by sensitizing people who own land to develop more intensive livestock techniques based on integrated crop livestock systems that do not rely on grazing land. It will reduce the load on communal grazing gland and result in a positive impact on cattle owners including those who have no remaining land. Kebele land use expert would take support from the Woreda in the activity. Encouragement would be also provided on the cut-and carry system.  Also, counseling will be provided by the agricultural extension office of the Woreda to the kebeles and the Contracted Income Restoration agency to provide information on fattening, providing improved livestock breeds, trainings on bee-keeping with modern beehives, poultry production, and other income generation opportunities. This shall provide alternative means of livelihood for the landless and vulnerable groups who shall be impacted due to loss of communal grazing lands. (For more details on the livestock development, refer to ESMP).  Woreda administration shall diligently advise all kebele communities (PAPs or non-PAPs) to retain their livestock/poultry as they are economically productive assets – source of food, transportation for their pack carts and/or contributing to the domestic consumption expenses;  Develop a fodder development program along the lines being developed and implemented in and with support from Tana Beles project17 , if required;  for health of livestock, the project shall only facilitate administering veterinary service, vaccinations by provision of necessary logistics – transport etc. for such kebeles which are at present out of easy reach;

For more details on the livestock development, refer to ESMP.

17also in Amhara region

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7.1.7 Compensation for loss of land owned by government (Kebele School and Police) 118. There will be permanent loss of land for Kebele school and police office. Accordingly, compensation for crops on such land would be for ten years based on the estimated crop yield at one time.The project will not impact church structure, graveyard, religious or cultural structure.

7.1.8 Mitigation measure for Prevention of Malaria and other vector borne diseases: 119. The project kebeles are areas with high malarial prevalence. Irrigation canal are likely to aggravate the situation. Also based on discussions with Woreda health office, it was recorded that budget access to remotely located kebeles and community habits are constraints. National Malaria prevention strategic Plan is already operational in the area (See Box 7.1). The project shall adopt a two-pronged strategy, i.e. i) as per the National Malaria Prevention Strategic Plan (designed at the regional level), it shall support the prevention program by engaging in Social mobilization by using health extension workers selected and trained from each kebele; and ii) engage in capacity building of these health offices with resources (staff and budget for transport/fuel) specifically targeted for these project affected kebeles to provide available measures.

Key activities shall be as follows: Box 7.1 – National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination i. Distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs): The National in Ethiopia, 2010-2015 states “Larval control Plans provides for through use of these larvicidal chemicals is of high use in areas of development activities  Replacement of old ineffective LLINs with new free LLINs such as water harvesting ponds, dams, irrigation canals, road construction and other through the Health Extension Program (HEP) and through land development activities. The agriculture campaigns; and rural development sector is currently  Free distribution of LLINs to all rural malaria affected households highly scaled-up its activities and it is expected that are still in need of LLINs (Catch –up); that this will further expand in the next few years. Therefore, the use of water for these  free distribution of LLINs during emergencies; development activities is huge and the risk of creating mosquito breeding sites is equally 120. Project shall provide at least 1 LLINs per Household for all high. The Large development projects are households across the eight kebeles in Phase I. They would provide required to incorporate risk mitigation measures in pre project preparation, during new nets (where not provided earlier or replace old nets). Other implementation and post project period. activities will include: i. Indoor Box 7.2 residual The Health Extension Program educates, mobilizes and involves the community in all aspects and stages of malaria spraying control and leads to increased ownership of the program. It is recognized that it is only at community level that malaria (IRS): elimination will be achieved. IEC/ BCC provides information and skills to populations at risk of malaria so that they can make informed decisions and participate in malaria prevent ion, treatment, and control . In particular, IEC/ BCC IRS, as raises community awareness about the signs and symptoms of malaria, encourages early treatment-seeking behaviour a main and treatment compliance and creates demand for and increases the utilization of mal aria services. This is done through compon a variety of channels including mass media including interpersonal communication, participatory communication ent of (including community dialogue and social mobilization (particularly during distribution campaigns and emergencies).” selectiv National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia, 2010-2015. e vector control, is also targeted to cover development projects, and malaria-affected communities with low access to the health care system. Each kebele targeted for IRS will receive enough spray equipment for 4 spray operators and insecticides to cover all households to be sprayed as determined in the IRS plans. In the project areas, HEWs will be trained to oversee and coordinate the spraying operation while the spray operators will be trained for five days to undertake spraying operations for 25 days once a year. Spray operation activities are reported to the nearest health centre. Project shall provide necessary logistics support required by the Health Offices of both Woredas.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia ii. Social Mobilization: Community empowerment and mobilization are central to malaria prevention and control. The existing social mobilization program will continue with Health Extension Workers, and distribution of IEC/BCC materials. Community members shall select HEWs and community volunteers, and participate in LLIN distribution and IRS programs and themselves shall be involved in social mobilization and communication activities. Awareness campaigns will be conducted involving community leaders and elders from affected kebeles through iddirs, consultations. The timing and frequency of these meetings needs to match with meetings with PAPs and also with events in the RAP implementation. These meetings shall: i) emphasize the importance of and appropriate usage of the LLINs i.e. for covering self and food; ii) attempt to involve community in environmental protection; and iii) support with the distribution of IEC/BCC materials iii. Implementation mechanism: As Women’s Affairs Department, Woreda Health offices and kebele level extension workers already work on these issues, no new implementation mechanism is required, except for provision of support in implementation efforts - provision of vehicle, fuel by the project. The project will also support with trainings as required, facilitate and coordinate meetings, etc. Representatives of the Women’s Affairs and Health Offices shall be included in the WPITs. 121. Monitoring: Careful recording of cases shall support the rigorous monitoring of the implementation measures. Indicators that include the outcome indicators listed in the National Plan are given below:  Number of households covered in provision of LLINs by year and segregated by kebeles;  Percent of households in malarious areas who own one LLIN per sleeping space;  Number of times IRS has been carried out in a year segregated by kebeles;  Number of households that appropriately use LLINs for ensuring protection from mosquitoes;  Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in a year segregated by kebele;  Proportion of women who recognize LLIN and/or IRS as a malaria-prevention method;  Proportion of women who recognize fever as a symptom of malaria;  Proportion of women reporting exposure to IEC/BCC activities through the HEP;  Proportion of community members actively participating in malaria prevention and control activities;  Proportion of households within IRS-targeted Kebeles are protected by IRS in the past 12 months; and  Number of cases that have been reported to the grievance committee regarding non-provision and/or complaints relating to LLINs, IRS, or etc.

7.1.9 Mitigation measure for Prevention of HIV/AIDs and STIs

122. To achieve the overall goal and objective three major strategies have been identified in the National Plan  Expanding targeted Behavioural Change Communication that enable creation of a high level of comprehensive and protective knowledge, adoption of safe sexual behaviours, and bring transformation in relevant social norms among all segments of the community;  Reducing vulnerability of young people, women, orphans an vulnerable children and others to HIV; and  Increasing the availability and accessibility of the basic facility based HIV services and increase of prevention services.

123. Further the plan focuses on newly created development opportunities that can provide positive results in cases of HIV spread due to increased vulnerability and/or lack of access to prevention services. Hence strategies proposed are:  to reduce vulnerability of such persons by provision of vocation training and Economic rehabilitation support especially to underprivileged women to engage in income restoration activities and other alternatives;  Integrate safety net programs with HIV/Aids; and

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 Community conversation as a major strategy to address structural issues 124. For the RIDP Phase I, the project strategy shall be i. provide support to enhancing implementation capacity; and ii. dove-tail/take support from existing NGOs such as MSH (Management Science for Health) that have the operational experience in provision of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) administration of measures;

125. Key activities shall be as follows: iii. Community Mobilization: Awareness campaigns/community conversations under the social mobilization program shall use Health Extension Workers in distribution of Information Education Communication (IEC)/Behavioural Change Communication (BCC) materials. Further they shall involve community leaders and elders. The timing and frequency of these meetings should be such that participation by communities is maximized. The Project will support the distribution of IEC/BCC materials using all available implementation teams; iv. Support to implementation capacity: Provision of necessary vehicle, fuel and budget for distribution of condoms and ART will be ensured. Adequate supply and Targeted distribution of condoms to the most-at- risk population (particularly those resettling to urban centres), increasing knowledge on proper and consistent use through HEWs will be carried out; and v. support to vulnerable groups in particular for Income Generation Activities (IGA) as proposed in the income restoration section (See Chapter 8)

126. Implementation mechanism: As already Women’s Affairs department, Woreda Health offices and kebele level extension workers on these issues, no new implementation mechanism is required. The project shall provide support towards implementation capacity i.e. provision of vehicle, fuel, and other trainings, facilitation and coordination of meetings, etc.

127. Monitoring: Baseline figure shall be established18 by collecting the latest available figures on HIV/Aids, provision of ARTs, etc. from the Woreda Health offices. For this purpose, the Woreda health office would be provided the final list of PAHs including those physical displaced and requiring relocation as they are most vulnerable. Woreda health offices shall support the WPIT in verification of these PAHs as well as other households in the kebele and provide the WPIT, Region and MoWIE with a baseline figure for internal monitoring. Once RAP implementation commences, measures shall be monitored to assess progress by the M&L office (RPCO) and Social Development Expert (Regional BoEPLAU) and undertake evaluation. Key indicators are listed below:  Number of meetings carried out during social mobilization initiative carried out in year segregated by kebele; and  Monitoring of timely provision of funds for administering of anti-HIV measures and evaluation of the administering of measures and their adequacy;

7.1.10 Periodic monitoring of communal grazing lands by a Joint Group

128. Due to the fertile nature of the area, communal lands and other kebele lands parcels have been frequently usurped either for cultivation and/or construction causing disputes and grievances requiring efforts towards resolution by Kebele and/or Woreda administration. For this purpose a joint survey group comprising Kebele Land Use Expert and a land administration office of the Woreda OoEPLAU would be formed and tasked to undertake a bi-monthly monitoring survey of the project command areas kebeles. Upon noticing of any

18Despite numerous attempts with the Woreda health offices, data on the specific kebeles was not ready/available. Further gathering information during the vulnerability survey only led to unconfirmed details

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encroachment into public – kebele or communal lands, the group will bring it to the notice of the kebele administration and approach the farmer(s) for amicable resolution. Failing resolution at the kebele level, the matter will be referred to the Kebele Grievance committee (Refer to Chapter 14 on Grievance Redressal). If not resolved, this issue will be referred to the Woreda level grievance committee. 129. The above measure would supplement the measures stated earlier of providing preference to landless youth in construction works as well as activities planned as improvement to communal grazing lands, using the compensation money payable to kebeles.

7.2 Mitigation measures for Construction Stage Impacts

130. Sections below present the mitigation measures for potential impacts during construction.

7.2.1 Mitigation measure for loss of access 131. One of the major concerns of communities particularly following the onset of rains is regarding the loss of access to public services for which the project design has taken care of road accessibility, while other social services are not affected. The design for the irrigation scheme provides for appropriate access routes for people, cattle and transportation to move through at appropriate locations. The Project will construct all-weather roads and bridges over the canals to maintain the infrastructure and thereby eliminating. However during the construction period, provision would be made in the scope of work of the Contractor regarding ensuring temporary access at all points of time.

7.2.2 Mitigation measure for temporary land take for setting up of Construction Camps and Depots 132. Unless specific sites are designated and provided by the Project authorities themselves to the Construction contractor, a minimum of 3-4 camp sites are likely to set-up during construction. These shall be on plots of land taken up on a temporary basis e.g. 1-3 years or more to set up construction camps and depots. Exact size of these land areas would be per the Contractor’s plan for construction and known only during the construction phase. The Contractor would be advised to take these sites and confine activities to these areas as per the Environment Management Plan that is incorporated into his Contract. Upon identification of sites for camps, depots, quarry, the Contractor shall bring it to the notice of the Woreda Project Implementation team (WPITs). Based on the period of requirement of these parcels, WPITs shall facilitate a contractual agreement (in written) between the PAP and Contractor for the said period. The agreement shall contain the following:  Size and location of the parcels on a map of the kebele;  Type of land (irrigated or un-irrigated);  Assets on land (at the time of taking of land);  Ownership of land based on the rural landholding book;  Duration for which the land shall be taken; and  Shape or form in which the land shall be returned back to the owner i.e. with appropriate clearance, as agreed between the Contractor and owner.

133. The WPITs shall make an assessment of parcels of land, carry out inventory of assets on land and compute compensation as per applicable rates for the period. The Contractor shall then deposit the amount with the Woreda Administration (WoFED) for WPIT to process the payment through the Ministry and pay the PAP.

7.2.3 Compensation for loss or damage to crops 134. Any loss of or damage to crop on unaffected parcel of the PAP or adjacent plot holders (Non-PAH), due to dust emanating from construction shall be reported to the Kebele level Grievance committee that is operational. The

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Grievance Committee shall investigate the matter and make commensurate payment as per applicable rates for the loss or damaged crop to the affected person, if the loss is assessed to be genuine.

7.2.4 Measure to ease pressure on existing common infrastructure (or common property resources) 135. The Construction phase would most likely result in people coming from outside. While many the Contractor would be expected to take care of his requirement, there could be additional pressure at certain locations where Construction camps sites are set up. An assessment would be undertaken of such areas and enhancement such as repair of hand pumps, dug wells would be carried out or provision of additional dug wells at convenient points to ease pressure on the existing facilities. The construction will not affect use of water for irrigation for existing plots and that any such impacts during construction will be compensated through presentation to grievance committee.

7.2.5 Other support provisions 136. As the construction period shall bring new development and business opportunities, the scope of work of the contractor would include:  giving of preference to local labour, particularly to able-bodied persons from vulnerable households and other landless persons/youth willing to work in the construction works commensurate to their skills.  setting clear guidelines to undertake works for the replacement infrastructure with minimal inconvenience to neighbourhood residents.  Developing an Environment, Health and Safety plan and its appropriate dissemination to all employees and other contracted labour. Certain key points to be included in this plan are listed below:: o To conduct medical test for STDs, HIV/AIDS on all his personnel (including sub-contractor’s personnel) brought from outside the area; o To work within a demarcated zone and thereby not collect wood or other materials from the outside the zone; o To ensure minimal disruption to existing water resources to irrigated land. o To adopt all protective measures to ensure the construction does not damage or obstruct any graveyards, burial grounds churches, mosques and other areas of cultural heritage and importance; o To ensure that provision of temporary access routes for humans and cattle to pass, if severance of existing access is unavoidable; and o To ensure personnel protective equipment, as necessary are provided to workers at all times and safety requirements are adhered to o To bring to MOWIE’s notice with immediate effect in case of a chance find of any artefact or item of historical cultural significance.  Periodic monitoring of noise and dust levels need to be carried as per Environment Management Plan (which would be included in the scope of the work of Contractor).

7.2.6 Mitigation measure to address perceived impacts

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137. As in all the consultations carried from January, 2013, there had been strong views and opinions with respect to:  compensation for PAP from reservoir area i.e. Ebinat and Farta woreda19and particularly about their resettlement into command area kebeles,  regarding the provision of water for the farmers as already the water flow had reduced;  loss of communal grazing land thereby making livelihoods for youth with no land, even more difficult; and  canal lines being close to residential structures and thereby unsafe for children. Hence in order to ensure that: i. the communities living in the command area kebeles do not suffer from any mis-information such as those covered in kebeles versus those not covered within the command area, even though they too are in the same kebeles; ii. agree with the process of compensation and land redistribution; iii. cooperate during the construction period; and iv. finally avail of the benefits to made available under Component 2 of ENIDP

138. There would be need for repeat consultations and awareness creation that would be carried out. The three main components of the Communication strategy would be: i. to have face to face interactions with kebele community would be essential and be carried out by the WPITs to alleviate these concerns. ii. to contract a mass media agency to disseminate message, develop appropriate brochures with images and also produce documentaries for wider dissemination to all public. iii. to create awareness would be created in the form of tours to the Dam site and also to the other irrigation projects in the vicinity so as to ensure all kebeles are well informed also to help allay fears, mis-apprehensions. (See Chapter 12 for more details).

7.3 Process of compensation and handing over of land 139. The MoWIE, through BoEPLAU, will formally disclose compensation packages to the Entitled Person of PAHs and the kebeles. The WPIT, in collaboration with the Woreda Administration and assistance from Kebele administration will facilitate and impart knowledge to PAHs on:  how compensation would be paid;  assistance on how to receive compensation through bank operations (aiding PAHs without a bank account in opening one, if requested); and  what size of parcel will be provided post land redistribution

Provision of Entitlement Certificate: An Entitlement Certificate containing details of the affected assets such as rain fed area, irrigated area, compensation for lost assets/property shall be prepared and provided to the PAHs. In case of PAPs who are illiterate, WPIT shall assist the PAP in understanding the document. The Entitlement Certificate (in Amharic), shall be prepared and handed over to the PAP within the kebeles and also the Woreda administration offices. It shall contain the following details: o quantum of rainfed area in (ha), o quantum of irrigablearea (ha), o amount of compensationfor lostassets/property (in ETB), o size of irrigated land made available from land redistribution

19For the RAP of Ribb Reservoir Scheme, a Preference Re-survey carried out in November 2012, following which Woredas and the Regional BoEPLAU held separate meetings in the months of January and February, to understand concerns and apprehensions over moving to the command area (Libo-kemkem and Fogera). These meetings helped to reconfirm the survey findings that PAPs from the Reservoir affected Woredas were unwilling to move to command area.

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140. Payment to Bank accounts: Once the Entitlement Certificate has been signed, MoWIE will disburse compensation funds through WoFED offices in both woredas, in collaboration with regional BoEPLAU. All payments will be made directly to the bank accounts of the PAHs or by cheque20. Following payment, those PAHs who shall be impacted according to the construction schedule of the contractor will vacate their land as per dates indicated in the expropriation notice. Compensation payment will be made directly to the bank accounts of the PAHs or through cheques for the smaller payments.21. As the process to open a bank account at least costs ETB 50-60 (ETB 20-25 as the minimum account balance and ETB 20-30 towards cost of travel from kebele to town centre) the PAP might avoid opening an account if the compensation amount is too small. Hence it is recommended for amounts below a threshold of ETB 250, compensation and other allowance payments should be made in cash to the PAH. The process can be carried out in a public place in presence of members from kebele administration and other community members and photographed to ensure transparency and for documentation purposes.

141. Clearance of Landholding: The Woreda administration will facilitate evacuation of the land. Land holder shall hand over the land to the woreda administration within 90 days from the date of payment of compensation when permanent structures as houses and other valuable fixed assets exist on the expropriated land. Within this period of time the PAP expected to completely remove all valuable properties from the land, and demolish and reconstruct houses in new place. Where there is no valuable asset (no standing crop, perennial crop or other property) on the expropriated land, the holder shall hand over the land to the Woreda administration within thirty (30) days from the date of receipt of the expropriation order.

7.4 Training Programs 142. Training programs would be developed for both PAHs and the implementing officials of various committees. While training programs for PAHs would be identified, developed and administered by the contracted income restoration agency, training programs for Officials are provided below: a) Training for PAHs: Entitled Person (or any other able bodied person as nominated) from PAHs shall be provided with trainings on financial literacy prior to payment of compensation so that they can better manage their finances. A specific amount to each eligible PAP is provided in the budget (See Chapter 10 for Budget Estimates). b) Training for Officials: Training programs shall be developed for and administered to the officials responsible for various tasks, by the Regional BoEPLAU. These will be specifically targeted to the officials of the Compensation and Grievance Redressal committees. The Social Expert at the Regional BoEPLAU and MoWIE too shall participate in the training programs: Key topics of the Training Programs by committee are presented below:

Committee Key Topics Compensation Details of the compensation entitlements i.e. different rates applied for trees (eucalyptus, natural trees, Committee indigenous trees);

20 As per Memorandum of Understanding between ANRS and MoWE dated November 21, 2010 21as learnt from experiences gathered from Megech Seraba project

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Preparation of entitlement certificates; Issuance of notification of expropriation Taking over of land after ensuring all compensated assets are duly collected by the land holder; and Provision of compensation payments in event of damage to crops due to i) dust and ii) access by Contractor for construction based on recommendations of the Grievance committees Kebele level Irrigation Preparation of land redistribution plan; Land Distribution aspects to be considered in planning for land redistribution committee Dissemination of information regarding plot size and date by which the new irrigated plots will be made available; Criteria to be followed as per guidelines in redistribution of land; Issuance of a separate list in case of those farmers whose irrigation land holding size is below 0.06 hectare i.e. issuance of a new holding will be given in groups; and Preparation of new landholding book Grievance committee – Valuation guidelines applied in the computation of compensation for affected assets Compensation at Provision of compensation payments in event of damage to crops due to i) dust and ii) access by Kebele (8 kebeles), Contractor for construction Woreda level (2 Procedures to handle grievances, approach to investigating issues, usage of grievance redressal woredas) and Regional formats level usage of traditional methods of grievance resolution at kebele level Grievance committee – Criteria to be followed as per guidelines in redistribution of land; Land redistribution Issues regarding adjacent plots, plots below 0.06 hectare; Complaints regarding fertility, access;

Procedures to handle grievances, approach to investigating issues, usage of grievance formats; and

usage of traditional methods of grievance resolution at kebele level

7.5 Database of Information 143. The Woreda OoEPLAUs maintain a computerised database of all information. These should be maintained on Kebele and Woreda level basis by development of a user-friendly software. It would contain all information acquired through the socio-economic survey, the census, and the inventory of assets, not only for affected households but also for affected communities and Kebeles. Such details would provide the baseline data for the monitoring and evaluation programme. The following details shall require to be maintained:  Details of affected persons by PAP ID and photograph  inventory of their affected assets22,  reported primary and secondary occupations and incomes  reported livestock holdings  details of entitlements due to affected PAPs  payments – compensation amounts, other support measures for shifting (in kind),  provision of training  Dates of land handing over,  amount of compensation received,  assistances received,

144. The database shall be valuable in maintaining baseline information on all the affected PAHs for subsequent monitoring and evaluation of the R&R programme. Further it should be able to generate reports on a monthly

22 Data shall be obtained from the census or property survey

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basis, quarterly basis and half-yearly basis and a comprehensive annual report by kebele and by Woreda. Besides qualitative reporting, these reports should contain quantitative reports in accordance with the Annual Action plan. A suggested template of these reports is given below as follows:  Introduction of the project and details of the R&R program;  Annual action plan  List of activities planned for the year;  Institutional details – Task carried out as per roles and responsibilities of each involved institution;  Description of process to be/being adopted;  Achievement of planned activities by month, quarter, half yearly and annually;  Issues raised during community meetings and FGD and responses offered;  Constraints/problems experienced if any; and  Tables on physical and financial achievements

145. Information for these would be gathered from the WPITs, RPCO, MoWIE, Regional BoEPLAU and contracted Income Restoration Agency would feed into this database. All these reports should be submitted by the Woreda OoEPLAUs to the Regional BoEPALU for processing and forwarding as required to the Regional Project Coordinator Office (RPCO) for onward transmission to the NPCO and funding agencies. Further these reports and the database should so devised that is accessible to outside agencies such as External Evaluation consultants and implementing partner institutions for looking up information and generation of reports as required. Besides serving purpose of internal monitoring and Annual External Evaluation, it shall also serve the purpose of generating reports as required for World Bank supervision visits. Regional BoEPLAU level will maintain all the information as well.

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CHAPTER 8. LIVELIHOOD RESTORATION, GENDER ISSUES AND VULNERABLE GROUPS

This section describes the measures to be taken to restore livelihood of PAPs mitigation measures to some of the adverse impacts of the project and support/assistance to women and vulnerable groups.

8.1 Livelihood restoration: This is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who have temporarily or permanently lost their productive base, jobs, or other income sources, regardless of whether they have also lost their houses or not.

Experience in other RAPs conducted elsewhere in the country shows that it is a program which for many reasons is either overlooked or is not properly implemented to address the needs of PAPs. The basis for the livelihood restoration program has to be basically the World Bank′s involuntary resettlement Policy OP 4.12 which shall be adhered to. Among the objectives of this policy, the most important one with respect to livelihood restoration program is the objective that states the need to assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them. Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities should be conceived and executed as Sustainable Development Programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable the persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. They should also be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre‐displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of the project implementation, whichever is higher

The general objective of the plan is to enable PAPs not only to restore their income but also to improve their standard of living through a set of integrated strategies and assistance measures by the project implementing agency. In livelihood restoration, issues such as source of livelihood (monetary and non-monetary), availability of land for replacement (if possible), existing skills of PAPs, employment opportunities and income restoration options will be considered. For PAPs who have lost their assets, income restoration plans or programmers may require support services in the long and short term basis as discussed under the chapter on mitigation of impacts.

The short term support plans include provision of employment opportunities at project construction site. Long-term income restoration involves land and non-land-based economic activities that will provide a sustained source of income over a longer period of time.

The livelihood restoration program recommended is based on the results of surveys regarding the socio-economic characteristics of the PAPs, basically their capacities, preferences and objective reality on the ground in terms potential business environment. These include a range of possibilities as detailed below. The most important is the implementation of small business plans that include awareness creation, training, project formulation support, availing of working area and other required facilities and funding. More importantly, livelihoods restoration activities have been selected by communities themselves, guided by a list of potential activities as options, with sensitization carried out and informed by exposure to professional and technical services provided by the project. Based on activities selected, groups and/or individuals develop appropriate plans and trainers with expertise in specific livelihood activities will be retained for short periods to provide hands-on instruction for participants.

149. The major impact of the project is the temporary loss of income for PAPs who will give up their land for the three years. Farmers will be paid annual cash compensation for the loss of crop land (smaller than what they currently have but irrigable land) will then be redistributed to PAPs based on a ratio.

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Inorder to ensure that farmers are able to use their yearly cash compensation basic financial literacy will be given to farmers prior to cash compensation. PAPs will be advised to develop plans on how best to use the cash compensation. The office of agriculture will make agricultural inputs available for PAPs and are provided with technical assistanece and training through the Woreda Development Agents to effectively use their remaining farm land for cultivation. PAPs will be advised on how to improve fodder as some grazing land will be taken up by the construction.

150. In the short term, PAPs will be given opportunities to work in the project as labourers, guards, and selling of food and drinks for workers, working as cleaners and office minders. With the commencement of the irrigation shceme, PAPs will be benefiting from the componenet 2 of the project in agricultural input, training and market.

PAPs who will be left with unviable land to farm during the construction period and landless (mainly young people) will be supported through livelihood intervention. The micro and small enterprise development agency will extend its activities to the project impacted PAPS to engage PAPs and landless young people in micro businesses through training and provision of credit. The Rib Irrigation Project through this RAP will support thse activities through the following: awareness raising, conducting preference survey and needs assessment, facilitation of group formation where needed, organizing skills training, mentoring, monitoring and reporting. The MSE agency will be responsible for providing working premises and facilitating access to credit through micro finance institutions. A comprehensive plan for livelihood restoration will be developed by the project in collaboration with MSE agency and form part of this RAP.

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8.2 Gender Mainstreaming: 146. Women constitute a vulnerable group because they may be excluded from participation and because they are often exposed to greater risk of impoverishment. The chapter presents gender analysis, followed by impacts on women PAPs and women headed households. Finally, it lists measures that aim to: i) provide a continued enabling environment to administer these measures and ii) engender the proposed mitigation actions. 8.2.1 Gender Analysis 147. Gender mainstreaming field manual23 for water and sanitation projects was used as a guideline to identify andassess the nature and extent of impacts on female PAPs. Gender issues were mainstreamed during preparation stage by deploying various techniques – meetings with Women Affairs Departments at Woreda and kebele levels, FGDs with women’s groups, socio-economic and preference surveys. Gender analysis was conducted to identify positive and adverse impacts on the project affected women and the existing situation is presented below:

Role of Women in the project area: Women actively participate in all aspects of agriculture such as weeding, harvesting, land preparation, sowing and threshing except ploughing. They also have a major role in livestock production. In the household too, they prepare food, clean and manage the house, fetch water, collect firewood and take care of children, elders and other members of the family.

Gender Inequality and Discrimination: Different reasons have hindered women in enjoying their rights; benefit from available development opportunities and in decision-making. These include the gender division of labor, patriarchal systems working against women, limited membership in local institutions, gender biases of, and lack of access, to other critical resources and services. Harmful Traditional Practices (HTPs) such as early marriage worsen their situation. Landlessness, lack of financial capital, skills and capacity are major economic problems faced by rural women.

Limited control over Property and economic opportunity: Women have less control over property and other resources despite their active role in earning income. In Amhara region, majority of the rural women are farmers and even though land is a major asset in agriculture, women’s access and control over land is limited. About 47% of rural women in Amhara region own less than 1 ha of land. The proportion of households owning less than 0.5 ha is higher among female-headed households (41%) than male-headed Households (15%).24

148. Due to the adverse impacts induced the project, female PAP (including female headed households) would suffer:  as their sole economic asset is taken away either in full or in part;  physical displacement post redistribution would lead to loss of family and community networks; and  lack of exposure to outside world would increase their inability to take up work outside their area

149. The project impacts 5unmarried women, 123 WHH and in total there are 4670female PAPs. The life of women in the project area is characterized by subsistence mixed farming, traditional and cultural values. Illiteracy, limited or no exposure to the outside village due to remote location of their kebeles are dominant characteristics. As some of the kebeles are in interior and away from the main road leading to towns such as Addis Zemen or Woreta, these hinder women from having adequate contact with world outside their kebele.

23 Website of Ministry of Water and Energy, Government of Ethiopia 24 ANRS DPPC,2006

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8.2.2 Gender Strategy and Action Plan 150. Gender strategy aims at involvement of women at all stages of project and seek to provide them with adequate support measures by utilizing services of offices with prior experience. It would require to: i) incorporate gender considerations at planning and implementation stages; ii) involve agencies with proven skills in handling women’s issues such as Women’s Affairs Office and other grassroots organizations/ associations that are operational in the area; and iii) ensure they have a voice by providing adequate representation in mandatory committees and implementing institutions

Action Plan includes the following mitigation measures.

8.2.3 Specific mitigation measures 151. During the implementation of RAP, the specific measures are as follows:  Payment of compensation and allowances: Since land is jointly owned, the compensation would be payable to a joint account hold by bothspouses rather than only to the male. Further, if the amount of compensation is small (below ETB 250), then it is recommended that payment be made in cash to these women PAPs as the cost of transaction – travel plus opening and maintaining a minimum balance in the Bank account might deter them from taking any money. Payment would be made in the presence of members of the kebele administration and community and pictures of compensation payment should be taken.

 Usage of Training budget: In cases where the PAP is a male with any disability, attempt would be made to counsel the PAP to let the female in the family utilize the training budget and provide her with a suitable training program.

 Capacity building: Provision of training – financial literacy, other useful skills such as tailoring, embroidery, bamboo work, etc. shall help augment women’s capacity to undertake non-farm activities. Women’s Affair Office of the respective woredas in collaboration with the Microenterprise and Finance Office, and WoARD would ensure requisite training and credit. At a later date when activities under Component 2 start these PAPs would be provided special attention and specifically monitored.

 Include gender aspects clauses in Contracts: Project authorities would include relevant clauses in the scope of work during the post-construction/O&M stages of the RIDP to give preference to women. These could include such as canteen services, etc.

 Facilities at Construction Camps such as Day crèche facilities will help solve the problems of such women who can leave behind their children in such a crèche and work for the day in the construction activities. In case, owing to the demand of a fast construction, a 24 hour-long work-schedule would be in operation, then women, especially the mothers with infants would to be exempted from night shifts as far as possible. Civil works Contractor shall be responsible for the above interventions to the maximum extent possible and suitable provisions in this regard are incorporated in the bid documents.  HIV/AIDS and STD awareness campaigns about the possible spread and transmission of HIV/STDs.will be conducted by the female extension workers in the project area for the entire community.

 Participations during consultations would be ensured WPITs, Woreda Administrations and other implementing institutions at all levels would particularly as they would make presence of women PAPs in

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consultations as mandatory, and hold separate meetings. Participation of representative(s) of the Women’s Affair Office would be ensured in such meetings;  Involve Women Affairs departments in the WPITs and women’s associations at Kebele and Woreda level, local Organisations in RAP implementation and other project related aspects.

8.2.4. Role of Women in Monitoring and Evaluation 152. All aspects of RAP implementation – compensation and rehabilitation, would be monitored & evaluated by using gender sensitive indicators. Table 8.1 presents a set of indicators Table 9.1 – Gender Sensitive Monitoring Indicators Parameters Indicators Physical Total number of female PAPs affected by kebele Number of female PAPs that have become landless i.e. lost all 100% of their landholding by kebele Number of vulnerable females by type of vulnerability i.e. WHH, unmarried, elderly and HIV AIDS Financial Number of female PAPs paid compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) (compensation/ Number of female PAPs not paid/received compensation (disaggregated by gender and quarter) by establishment) type of reason – unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc. Compensation Number of female PAPs and other vulnerable PAPs who have invested compensation amount into and any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity rehabilitation Number of female PAPs and other vulnerable PAPs who have invested money in other aspects such medical requirements and/or schooling of children number of female PAPs who have used the money in starting some business or undertaking training, etc. number of female PAPs who are involved in the project construction works by type of services provided Social (Health) Number of counseling sessions attended to by female PAPs (by category) on HIV/Aids Number of female PAPs and non PAPs (females) provided with LLINs Number of meetings specifically held with respect to Malaria and HIV/Aids Number of female Health Extension Workers working in each Kebele and Woreda Processes Number of female PAPs counseled on judicious usage of compensation amount Number of FGDs held with communities by category and by kebele Type of issues raised, discussion points of each FGD Number of FGDs held with female PAPs by kebele Number of trainings provided by implementing agencies to female PAPs by type of training Number of visits by female PAPs for redressal of grievances Number of female PAPs who have approached courts Institutional Number of female officials (Women’s Affair office, Health office, HEW) working in or with WPITs Number of female members in each Committee (Kebele level Land Redistribution Committee, Compensation Grievance Committee) by Woreda and Kebele Number of female members in each Committee by Woreda and Kebele Number of members of each grievance committee disaggregated by gender Number of members in the IUWAs to be formed when irrigation water is available number of females as members of the Annual External Evaluation Agency

See Annexure 13.1 for full list of monitoring indicators.

8.2.5 Representation in Committees and Institutions 153. Details of representation of women in Committees and implementing institutions are presented below: i) Representation in Committees: Women PAPs (2) from the respective kebele would have proportional representation in the Grievance Compensation Committee and Irrigable land redistribution committees.

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Likewise, at least 2 women will be part of the Woreda level Grievance Redressal Committees constituted for compensation related case. ii) Women as key personnel in the Contracted Agencies: The services of an agency shall be availed for the purpose of Annual External Evaluation will be procured following certain conditions:  The agency must propose at least one woman as part of the key personnel. The proposed women key person shall be available to work at site for at least 50% of the duration of the contract.  That the women key persons, if selected for the contract, may be replaced during the period of contract, only with women key persons of equivalent or better qualifications and experience.  The agency will depute a 'technical/sub-professional' team to work at the site, which will consist at least 33% of women members. Junior support personnel and administrative staff/drivers will not be considered as technical/professional.  External agency contracted to carry out Annual External Evaluation would have at least one woman member as key personnel in the team. iii) Women in Water User associations: Following the proclamation on water users association, every association formed for every service unit area will need to have at least 1 female member in the Association office performing executive level work. Besides all management bodies of water user associations will have at least 1 female member in the General Assembly as representatives of Service Units; in the Management Committee, in the Control committee. Besides they shall also be represented amongst the five members constituting the Dispute Settlement Committee.

8.3 Provisions for Vulnerable Households

The objective of income restoration measures for the vulnerable persons is to ensure that they are reasonably assisted to overcome potential economic shock from the project, and maintain the quality of life not less than their pre-project state because; they are at higher risk than others based on their vulnerability status.

The type of livelihood restoration suitable to each PAP will be identified by the resettlement committee in consultation with PAP. As minimum indicator to be considered, PAPs level of education, age and present means of livelihood should be assessed.

8.3.1 Differential Impact on Vulnerable Households

In total, project shall impact 228 households with single or multiple vulnerabilities. As can be seen from Table 5.10, a total of 200 households in Fogera Woreda will be affected. In Libo-kemkem 28 PAHs will be affected in project kebeles of Phase I in Libo-kemkem Woreda of which 4 in Angot Agela have multiple vulnerabilities. Of these 228 PAHs, 123 WHH are affected besides 5 unmarried women. 68 Elderly PAHs are affected as well.

Table 9.2 – No. of Vulnerable Households by Woreda and Kebele in RIDP Phase I Name of Kebele Unmarried Women headed Small scale Elderly/ HIV/Aids affected Total women households farmers Very old persons Libo-kemkem Woreda Angot Agela 4 4 0 7 0 7 Bura Eigizibiheri 0 7 0 2 12 21 Ab Bira Abo 0 0 0 0 0 0

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Table 9.2 – No. of Vulnerable Households by Woreda and Kebele in RIDP Phase I Name of Kebele Unmarried Women headed Small scale Elderly/ HIV/Aids affected Total women households farmers Very old persons Shina Tsion 0 0 0 0 0 0 Sub-Total 4 11 0 9 12 28 Fogera Woreda Ribb Gebriel 0 9 9 9 0 27 Diba Sifatra 0 64 0 30 0 94 Thiwa Zakena 0 20 15 12 0 47 Awua Kokit 1 19 4 8 0 32 Sub-Total 1 112 28 59 0 200 TOTAL 5 123 28 68 12 23628

See Appendix 5.2 in Volume I – Appendices for list of vulnerable households by kebele and Woreda.

154. Vulnerable households shall experience differential impact of temporary loss of crop production and loss of other assets. Vulnerability based on the status of the Household Head are of the following categories:  Unmarried women  Women headed households  Small scale farmers (with less than 0.2 ha landholding)  Elderly/ Very old  HIV/Aids affected persons

8.3.2 Mitigation measures

155. Vulnerable households, as other PAHs, shall experience same degree of impacts on their existing parcels of lands i.e. they shall lose between 10-15% of their existing land holding. These household too shall be provided with new irrigated parcel under the land redistribution scheme. Additional provisions for these households are listed below:  Provision of preference in provision of a new irrigated parcel of land either close to their existing home or in proximity to social service instutions such as a Health Post  Preference in employment with the contractor as labor for able-bodied persons in the household;  enrollment in schemes by agricultural extension office of the woreda such as livestock development/cattle rearing, bee-keeping, animal fattening, etc.;  Logistical assistance such as in shifting (in kind) would be provided, besides design support while reconstructing their houses.

Vulnerable households will be given priority during land redistribution and logistical assistance would be provided whilereconstructing their houses Vulnerable households will be provided with preference or special attention in terms of: provision of preference in provision of a new irrigated parcel of land either close to their existing home or in proximity to social service institutions such as a Health Post; in employment with the contractor as labor for able-bodied persons in the household; enrolment in schemes by agricultural extension office of the woreda such as livestock development/cattle rearing, bee-keeping, animal fattening; logistical assistance such as in shifting (in kind) would be provided, besides design support while reconstructing their houses. Construction contractor will be required to provide preference to such landless persons in the project kebeles in work opportunities to local population as compared to outsiders, depending on their level of skills and expertise

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CHAPTER 9– INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL FRAMEWORK

156. The chapter provides details – roles and responsibilities on the different institutions involved with specific reference to the effective implementation of the RAP, based on the project implementation manual (PIM) prepared for ENIDP and the Memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed between MoWIE and Amhara National Regional State dated November 21, 2010.

9.1 National Level 157. MoWIE will be responsible for the overall coordination of the project, through its Irrigation and Drainage Department. Details of federal level institutions are presented below: National Project Steering Committee (NPSC): Guidance to the PCOs on management and implementation of the project, will be provided by Steering Committees at both Federal and Regional levels At the federal level, a National Project Steering Committee (NPSC) is set up that is chaired by the State Minister of MoWIE, with the National Project Coordinator (NPC) as secretary. Membership includes range of stakeholder interests of ENIDP, including, but not limited to, representatives of MoARD, EPA, and MoFED at the federal level, and heads of Amhara BoWRD, BoARDs, CPAs and EPLAUA. The NPSC is responsible to:  ensure pertinent government water sector policies and project objectives are adhered to;  review and approve annual programs, work plans and budgets;  monitor and evaluate the progress of the project; and  provide guidance and advice to the project.

The NPSC will meet at least twice annually and the project will finance the costs of these meetings.

National Project Coordination Office (NPCO): MoWIE has established a Project Coordination Office (PCO), headed by NPC. NPCO will be assisted by consultants and contractual staff in the areas of finance, contract administration/ procurement, M&E and for PPP development. He/ she will also be guided by a National Project Steering Committee (NPSC). The specific role and responsibilities of MoWIE with respect to RAP preparation and implementation are as follows: a) identify eligible PAPs through the contracted RAP consultant; b) together with the relevant regional bodies – Woreda PIT, BoEPLAU (Amhara), verify the list of eligible PAPs and the amount of compensation; c) prepare budget in accordance with the RAP; d) pass the order of payment of compensation together with the list of PAPs, to the regional Woreda Finance office; e) receive accounting report periodically; f) receive account books once payment of compensation is completed; g) allocate budget to the temporary woreda accountants

9.2 Regional Level 158. Different regionl bodies shall be responsible for RAP implementation and will have the following roles: Regional Project Steering Committee (RPSC): RPSC will be formed under the chairmanship of the Regional President and will consist of members from Bureaus of Water Resources Development, Agriculture and Rural development; BoEPLAU, Co-operative Promotion Agency, Food Security and Disaster Management Office, Health, Planning and Economic Development, Trade and Industry, Women Affairs Office and representatives of

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at least two Water Users Associations. Membership as required can be extended to representatives from local universities, NGOs and private sector organisations. The RPSC will be responsible to:  oversee the implementation of the project within the region,  approve of annual work plans and budgets;  monitor and evaluate of the progress of the project; and  provide guidance and advice to the Regional Project Coordinator and the implementing agencies.

159. The Committee will meet at least quarterly and the project will finance the costs of these meetings.

Regional Project Coordination Office (RPCO): A RPCO is operational at Bahir Dar, Amhara Region that is appointed by the Office of the Regional President, located at BoFED. The RPC will be assisted by full time contractual staff in the areas of M&E and database management. It shall be responsible for coordination of project activities among different participating agencies, particular BoWRD and BoARD. It will also liaise with and establish clear communication links with Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woredas. Specific to the RAP implementation its role shall to be provide funds to the Regional BoEPLAU for RAP implementation and receive and review reports.

Regional BoEPLAU: The roles and responsibilities of BoEPLAU are the following: a) carry out duties in accordance with laws regarding expropriation; b) carry out valuation of properties of PAPs eligible for compensation and measurement of land together with appropriate bodies; c) approve list of PAPs eligible for compensation prepared by Libo-kemkem and Fogera and pass to MoWIE together with necessary information and details of payment; and d) decide on estimate of compensation in accordance with its duties

Regional Bureau of Finance and Economic Development (Amhara BoFED):The roles and responsibilities of BoFED are the following: a) give the necessary orders to the Woreda in order to carry out its duties successfully; b) open a bank account near to the Woreda for payment of compensation payment; c) supervise and support Woredas in the process of payment of compensation; and d) give the necessary training to the temporary accountants and treasury.

9.3 Woreda Level 160. Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woreda Project Implementation Team (WPITs) shall be established for the Project, in collaboration with respective Woreda Administrations. WPITs shall comprise heads of the Woredas of Agriculture and Rural Developoment (WoARD), water resources desk, finance, information, SME/SMIs and other relevant offices, with the Head of Office of Agriculture and Rural Development as the Team Leader. Further they shall comprise of representatives from the Women’s Affair Office and Health Offices. At least three members of the committee shall be women. Depending upon the tasks, WPITs shall organize their work into smaller teams or sub-WPITs in order to carry out multiple tasks in parallel. The WPIT will be responsible for promoting the project to the communities in the project. Specifically, it will carry out the following RAP implementation activities:

Compensation related tasks  opening of Bank accounts for PAPs;  preparation of compensation entitlements;  issuance of Notification of expropriation;  provision of Entitlement Certificate;  payment of compensation and vacation of land;

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Land Redistribution related tasks  prepare Implementation of Land redistribution plan;  in formation of Irrigable Land Redistribution Committees;  in provision of other benefits under the Component 2

Other tasks  disseminate information to PAPs;  develop special assistance plans for each of the vulnerable households;  commence tree nursery/plantation programs in identified lands within kebeles and other extension activities;  support HEWs in administration of Anti HIV/Aids and Anti-Malaria measures;  support Internal Monitoring of RAP (by providing necessary information to the higher authorities);  provide necessary support to WoARD in implementation of farmer trainings

Amhara BoEPLAU shall support the WPIT in preparation and finalizing of land redistribution plans as per formula and process given in Chapter 7.

Woreda OoEPLAUs (Libo-kemkem and Fogera): The roles and responsibilities of OoEPLAU are the following: a) carry out its duties in accordance with land regarding expropriation; b) carry out valuation of properties of PAPs eligible for compensation and measurement of land together with appropriate bodies by participating in the survey committees jointly with the survey team of contracted RAP consultant; c) Approve list of PAPs eligible for compensation and pass to MoWIE together with necessary information and details of payment; and d) Decide on estimate of compensation in accordance with its duties, prepare valuation document and get it approved by the Woreda Cabinet

Finance and Economic Development Office of the Woreda: The roles and responsibilities of Finance and Planning Office are the following: a) Pass to the Finance and Economy office in writing the money of the Secretary and Finance Office operating the account opened for the budget allocated to the payment of compensation b) Pay those entitled in accordance with the list approved by MoWIE; c) Employ accountants to determine the budget for payment of compensation sent from the Federal Minister office; d) Prepare office space for the same purpose; e) Make those entitlement of payment to open a bank account in the commercial bank nearby their area; f) Carry out the necessary checking of the process of opening a bank account to ensure the right person entitled is to receive compensation; and g) Prepare and send periodical finance report to the MoWIE

Administrator of the Woreda: The roles and responsibilities of Administrators are the following: a) ensure grievances are promptly addressed; and b) counsel PAPs in order to avoid unnecessary spending by PAPs

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Kebele Administration: Kebele leaders shall assist in identification of affected people and participate in valuation of affected properties by accompanying the Survey and Asset Inventory teams and later the Compensation Valuation teams in the valuation exercise. In particular their functions will be to:  nominate members to survey and valuation committees and provide necessary support for the committees;  coordinate the payment of compensation to PAPs and other entitlements, disseminate information on the project and support in administration of the various mitigation measures;  to provide information to the grievance redress mechanism as necessary in grievance resolution.

IrrigationLandRedistributionCommittee: The committee for irrigation land redistribution will have 5-7 members. Members of the committee will be elected by the full participation of the beneficiaries. In the meeting, efforts will be made to include men and women landholders (including married women). During the election of committee members, women will be made to have proportional representation. A representative of the Woreda office will chair the election of the committee members and will be conducted in the presence of members of the kebele administration and the members of the kebele land administration and use committee. After the election of the committee members, training will be provided to the committee members by the woreda office to enable the munder take the redistribution task. The committee will function until the redistribution is complete and will terminate its function after preparing and presenting the land redistribution report to the kebele land administration and use committee.

Functions of the committee shall be as follows: 1. The committee assesses the size of the land taken from land holders for the irrigation infrastructure and presents to the community for approval. 2. Itrecordsthelistofirrigationbeneficiariesincludingtheirrigationlandsizeandpresentstothe community for approval. 3. It enlightens users about the directive on modern irrigation land redistribution 4. It works in coordination with the committee for land administration and use of the kebele during the irrigation land redistribution. 5. Itrecordsfreelandsandreportssuchtothecommitteeforlandadministrationanduseofthe kebele. The free land, based on the priorities set by the people of the kebele will be given to new land seekers with the help of the land administration and use committees. 6. It periodically resents reports to irrigation land users and to the Woreda’s OoEPLAU about the irrigation land redistribution.

161. Table 10.1 below presents the key implementation activities along with agencies that will be primarily responsible and other agencies that are likely to be involved.

Table 10.1 – Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved S.No. Activity Agency with primary responsibility Other agencies involved, if any, for support, participation 1 Determination of PAPs for phase wise MoWIE, RPCO, WPITs, Regional BoEPLAU, Construction planning Contractor of Command Area Phase I 2 Operationalizing Grievance mechanisms Amhara Regional Administration and Woreda Administration, SD specialist, Kebele administration 3 RAP approval and Public disclosure-cum- MoWIE, RPCO Regional Agencies, WB launch workshop 4 Opening of Bank accounts for PAPs WoredaFinanceOffice Women’s Affairs department (if required) 6 Conducting of Training program for Regional bodies (BoARD, BoEPLAU) RPCO officials 7 Holding of kebele level consultations WPIT, kebele administration Regional BoEPLAU

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Table 10.1 – Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved S.No. Activity Agency with primary responsibility Other agencies involved, if any, for support, participation Holding of FGDs with vulnerable PAPs WPIT, Woreda Women’s Affairs Office Woreda Health Office 8 Preparation of compensation entitlements WPIT Regional BoEPLAU 9 Preparation of RAP database MoWIE, Specialized agency Regional BoEPLAU 10 Issuance of Notification of expropriation WPIT, Woreda Administrations, Regional BOEPLAU and MoWIE 11 Development of special assistance plans WPITs, Livelihood experts, Specialized for vulnerable households agency contracted for Income Restoration 12 Commencing of tree nursery/plantation WPITs WoARD, Regional BoEPLAU programs in identified lands 13 Provision of entitlement certificate WPITs Regional BoEPLAU 14 Payment of co WPITs Regional Administration mpensation and vacation of land 15 Counselling regarding judicious use of Woreda Finance Office Woreda Administration, Women’s Affair compensation amount office (for women PAPs) 16 Contracting of Agency for carrying out MoWIE External Evaluation 17 Administration of Anti-HIV/Aids and Anti- Malaria measures Social Mobilization for awareness WPITs, Woreda Health Office, Women’s Regional Health Office (for IEC/BCC campaigns regarding HIV/Aids and Affair Department material, logistic support) Malaria Distribution of LLINs Woreda Health Office, Health Extension WPIT Workers Indoor Residual Spray Woreda Health Office, Health Extension WPIT Workers Enhancing of implementation capacity for Woreda Health Office, Health Extension WPIT, National Malaria Prevention distribution of condoms and ART Workers Strategic Plan 18 Internal Monitoring of RAP RPCO, Region BoEPLAU MoWIE implementation 19 Preparation and implementation of land Kebele Irrigable land redistribution redistribution plan committee, Woreda Administration Public consultation on the final results of WoredaOoEPLAU Kebele administration, Regional cadastral survey maps of kebeles in BoEPLAU command area woredas (Libo-kemkem and Fogera) Re-survey,when necessary, based on the WoredaOoEPLAU’Surveyor Kebele administration, Regional corrections from public consultation for BoEPLAU Libo-kemkem and Fogera woredas Create data bases and redistribution WoredaOoEPLAU’sSurveyor Kebele administration, Regional formula for Libo-kemkem and Fogera BoEPLAU woredas Prepare draft digital redistribution plan in Coordinators,WoredaOoEPLAU,kebele Kebele administration, Regional consultation with land redistribution Committeeandsurveyor BoEPLAU committeefor Libo-kemkem and Fogera woredas Public hearing on draft digital land Coordinators,WoredaOoEPLAU,kebele redistribution plan for Libo-kemkem and Committeeandsurveyor Fogera woredas Finalize corrections based on inputs from Surveyors public hearings for Libo-kemkem and Fogera woredas Hear compliant/dispute and give solutions Coordinators,WoredaOoEPLAU,kebele, and decisions for the cases Committeeandsurveyor Setting-out and land redistribution on the WoredaOoEPLAU,kebeleCommitteeand field surveyor

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Table 10.1 – Implementation Activities along with responsibility of agencies involved S.No. Activity Agency with primary responsibility Other agencies involved, if any, for support, participation Hear complaints/dispute and give Coordinators,WoredaOoEPLAU,kebele, solutions and decisions for the setting- Committeeandsurveyor outcases Adjustment on the data base created; Coordinator and data base expert Exporting final data to ISLA; and Preparation of final Kebele index map Printing and distribution of secondary OoEPLAU,Coordinat or /and data base book of holding and parcel maps expert Formation of irrigable land redistribution Woreda Administrations of Libo-kemkem Regional BoEPLAU, Regional committees and Fogera woredas Administration, RPCO 20 Provision of other benefits under WPIT, Woreda Administrations of, Libo- Regional BoEPLAU, Regional Component 2 kemkem and Fogera woredas Administration, RPCO 21 External Anual external evaluation Specialized agency contracted by MoWIE MoWIE, WB

162. Social Development Experts: As land consolidation and redistribution for the Project will create an additional workload for the Woreda, there is a need for additional resources in terms of personnel and also enhancement to the existing capacity. Hence for this purpose, one Social Development Expert each shall be hired one at Woreda level for both woredas – Libo-kemkem and Fogera. The Social Development Specialist at Regional PCO will be responsible for coordination of work, stakeholder coordination and monitoring.’

9.4 Reporting linkages 163. Reporting linkages take into account the decentralized administrative and development management structure and institutions within Amhara regional administration. The WPITs (including members from the kebele administration) shall prepare and submit regular reports (monthly, quarterly, and annually) to Regional Bodies who then shall submit reports to the MoWIE through the RPCO. These forms part of the project management information system and are an essential input for monitoring and evaluation. Figure 9.1 depicts the information and reporting linkages in ENIDP.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

MoWE

National

National Project Coordinator ANRS President’s Ribb Office Scheme Regional Bureau/ Agency Heads

BoFED

Amhara Regional BoWRD/WoWRD Project Coordinator BoARD/WoARD

ARARI WoredaProject Implementation BoEPLAU./OoEPLAU Teams: Libo-kemkem and Fogera)

Kebeles and Communities

= Information and reporting links. Include submission of AWPBs, periodic reporting & participation in M&E Activities

Figure 10.1 -Overall Information and Reporting Links for RAP implementation Source: Adapted from Section III, Project Implementation Manual, ENIDP, 2007

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CHAPTER 10 – BUDGET ESTIMATE FOR RAP IMPLEMENTATION

164. The chapter presents the rates applied for computation of compensation of affected assets and applicable assistances to PAPs. It then presents the estimates for other activities such as preparation of resettlement site facilities, contracting of external agencies for External Evaluation, etc. that shall form the budget for implementation of the RIDP Phase I.

10.1 Applicable rates for compensation computation 165. Given below are the applicable unit rates for annual crops, animals feed, structures, eucalyptus trees by type and size, non-eucalyptus trees (by type) as of june 2013. These rates are updated on 6 monthly basis commnesurate with the regional guidelines to reflect market prices.

For land by type: Rates for Rain-fed land and Irrigated land were given below

Libokemkem (Rate/ha) Fogera (Rate/ha) Rain fed Irrigated Rain fed Irrigated 28,889.02 118,440.00 38,853.20 Not Applicable

For grazing land by ownership type (private, common and communal): Rain-fed land is valued at ETB 1787.5/ha in Libo while in Fogera it valued at ETB 4000/ha.

Libo-kemkem (Rate/ha) Fogera (Rate/ha) Rain fed Irrigated Rain fed Irrigated 1,787.5 na 4,000 Not Applicable

For structures by typology: compensation for structures – residential, kitchens, crop storages, water ponds (with walls) and hand dug wells were calculated per sq.mtr for structures is calculated based on the typology of the structure.

S/N Type of structure Unit Unit Price (Birr/m2) Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda 1 CIS Roofed House: Type 1 Sq.mtr 1042.13 1200 2 CIS Roofed House: Type 2 Sq.mtr 1168.265 900 3 Thatched House: Type 1 Sq.mtr 658.215 500 4 Thatched House: Type 2 Sq.mtr 655.5911 5 Thatched House: Type 3 Sq.mtr 104.9022 6 Wooden Fence Mtr. 7 Cattle Shed Sq.mtr 450 8 Kichen Sq.mtr 400 9 Hund dug water well No. 5000 10 Crop storage No. 600

For Annual crops, the highest value prevalent over the last 12 months has been used for computation purposes:

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S/N Type of Crop Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda Productivity Unit Price Productivity (Qtl/ha/year) Unit Price (Qtl/ha/year) (Birr/Qtl) (Birr/Qtl) 1 Teff 16.1 1481 14.4 1215 2 Maize 45.4 740 43.6 570 3 Barley Na Na “4 Wheat Na Na 5 Potato Na Na 6 Rice 68.3 750 68.4 1120 7 Vetch 22 550 8 Pea 18.5 1280 9 Guaya NA NA 84.4 650 10 Millet NA NA 22 900

For animal feed Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda Type of Feed Productivity Unit Price Productivity Unit Price (Birr/pack) (pack/ha/year) (Birr/pack) (pack/ha/year) Hay 119.75 27 80 50

For perennial crops (yielding and non-yielding) Yielding perennial trees S/N Type of Crop Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda Productivity Unit Price Productivity Unit Price (Kg/Tree/year) (Birr/Qtl) (Kg/Tree/year) (Birr/Kg) Large Med. Small 1 Gesho 4 30 20 15 10 45 2 Enkoy na Na 3 Mango 87 14 65 50 45 18 4 Orange 51 12 5 Lemon 80 3 6 Papaya 40 5 60 50 45 4 7 Zeytoun 68 6 8 Eshe na Na 9 Avocado 96.8 14 10 Coffee 92 90 5 4.3 3.5 70 11 Chatt 96 70 55 150

Non-Yielding perennial trees S/N Type of Tree Unit Unit Rate (Birr) Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda Large Medium Small 1 Gesho No 1560 750 550 350 2 Enkoy No Na 3 Mango No 1560 750 600 300

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4 Orage No 1565 5 Lemon No 1460 6 Papaya No 390 500 300 200 7 Zeytoun No 1170 8 Coffee No 780 1200 700 300 9 Avocado No 2345 10 Chat No 2345 800 650 250

for Eucalyptus trees: Eucalyptus trees are calculated based on their development level as recorded during the asset inventory survey. As they have a higher regenerative value and these trees are computed with a multiplier as applicable in the project woredas.

S/N Delelopment level Unit Rate (Birr) Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda 1 For timber: V.Large No 500 2 For timber: Large No 1000 300 3 For timber: Medium No 560 200 4 For timber: Small No 200 100 5 For Rafter No 35 120 6 For Pilar No 50 100 7 For wall batten No 32 60 8 For roof batten No 35 100 9 Small tree (Chefeka) No 5 5 10 Transplanted seedling No - 1 11 Nursery seedling No 0.10 1 12 Tree Stump No. 300 for other non-Eucalyptus/ naturally growing Indigenous Trees) trees: S/N Type of Tree Unit Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda Large medium small large medium Small 1 Wanza No. 1500 800 400 1200 800 250 2 Woyra No. 3 Girar No. 300 150 25 450 250 100 4 Warka No. 400 175 50 1000 500 150 5 Abalo No. 600 300 200 6 Bamba No. 500 300 50 7 Misana No. 500 250 50 600 300 150 8 Zana No. 9 Gambelo No. 50 30 20 10 Chibha No. 250 140 40 11 Kara 100 60 30 12 Saspania 60 40 20 13 Shembeko 2 1 0.5 14 Selen No. 60 45 35 15 Quontir No. 150 75 45

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S/N Type of Tree Unit Libo-kemkem Woreda Fogera Woreda Large medium small large medium Small 16 Nim No. 40 25 15 17 Qundo berbere No. 75 40 30 18 Tid No. 500 300 200 19 Yekbrit enchet No. 2 1.5 1 Note: This will be revalided during implementation

10.2 Budget Estimates 166. Budget estimate for RAP implementation has been prepared by inclusion of items in the following categories:  cost of measures directly towards PAPs/PAHs i.e. of compensation,trainings,  cost of other mitigation measures towards project affected kebeles;  cost of implementation (mechanisms, processes, field administration), monitoring and grievance redressal measures; and  contingency

Detailed costs based on above categories are presented below:

A. Cost of mitigation measures for PAPs/PAHs

i. Compensation payable for expropriated assets is ETB 184145922.89 (Refer to Appendix 11.1 for Compensation Documents in Volume I Appendices) in phase 1 area and river training phase 2 area ETB 44,513,809 (this is compensation for temporary loss of income and compensation for communal grazing land excluding structure and trees. Asset inventor and valuation will take place in the month of October 2015 and included in the budget). Total Payable for epxpropriated asset in both Phase 1 and Phase 2 area is ETB is ETB 228,659,732.75

ii. Training for PAPs/PAHs: As PAPs shall be required to learn new skills or enhance existing agriculture skills and practices, an amount of ETB 1,200 is provided for each of the PAH for skill development, financial literacy and other trainings. Hence, a sum of 4624 PAHs x ETB 1500 = ETB 5548800 is provided for training of PAPs. Cost of specific trainings towards income restoration is provided for separately

Iii Livelihood support for vulnerable groups: Awareness raising, group formation, skills development and basic business skills training for landless youth total of 1000 young people (at least 30% females), for an averge of 12 days with ETB 300 per person/ per day over a three years time. Hence 1000 young people x ETB300 x12 =3,600,000 /3 years and ETB1200000 per year. B. Cost of other mitigation measures (toward project affected kebeles)

iii. Anti-Malaria measures: As vector borne diseases such as malaria shall impact all households within the project affected kebeles, the budget estimate for the mitigation measures is towards the entire population in the three kebeles. These will be administered towards3000 households within the command area of RIDP across the eight kebeles. Cost towards Social mobilization, indoor residual spraying (IRS) and distribution of LLINs (new nets and also replacement of old nets) are given below:

Activity Description Rate (in ETB) Total cost (in ETB) Social mobilization Logistics and distribution of IEC Lumpsum at ETB 10000/year 30000 materials for 3 years

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Provision of LLINs 1 nets per household for ETB110 / net 506,000 4600households in the eight kebeles covered within RIDP command area Indoor Residual Equipment costs+ chemical plus Lumpsum 150000 Spray labor TOTAL 786,000 iv. Anti –HIV/Aids measures: As in-migration is expected resulting in increase in HIV/Aids measures. It shall include cost of:  distribution of condoms – ETB 75,000;  other counseling sessions/meetings by Health Office Extension workers – ETB 200,000  field administration – included in overall field administration costs Total: ETB 275000

C. Cost of implementation, monitoring, training and grievance redressal v. Cost of hiring Social Development experts at Woredas: Two Social Development Experts – one each at Libo-kemkem and Fogera with appropriate degree and at least 8-10 years’ experience in Rural Development. Rates and duration of their contract are estimated below:

No. of experts Rate/year No. of years Amount for 3 years (with a 10% annual increase 25 ) (in ETB) 2 100000 3 (r/o) 600000

vi. Cost of hiring Project Information Officers at Woredas: Two Project Information Officers with good knowledge of the area and of the project shall be in charge of the RIDP Cell within the Woreda Administration office. Rates and duration of their contract are estimated below:

No. of experts Rate/year No. of years Amount for 3 years (with a 10% annual increase 26 ) (in ETB) 2 60000 3 (r/o) 360000

vii. Training/Capacity Building activities for officials: Capacity building activities shall be carried out for officials of committees of compensation and grievance redressal. It is expected that a maximum of six members shall constitute any of the four committees and shall participate in trainings. Additionally Social Development expert at the two Woredas and Region too shall attend these trainings.

Committee No. of Per diem (for 2 days) + No. of trainings No. of trainings Amount members transportation per year across four years (in ETB) Compensation committee (1 12 600 2 8 57600 year) Grievance committee (compensation) (three 12 600 3 12 86400 years) Grievance committee 8 600 3 12 57600 (Irrigation land redistribution) (1 year) Irrigation Land redistribution 14 600 3 12 57600 Committee (one year) Social development experts 2 600 3 12 14400 TOTAL 273600

25 Hike of 10% is indicative only and actual percentage applied would be based on performance assessment 26 Hike of 10% is indicative only and actual percentage applied would be based on performance assessment

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viii. Holding of disclosure workshop: The RAP disclosure workshop event shall be held at a convenient location in the woredas/region. It shall be attended by various representatives from the MoWIE, Region authorities, RPCO, Woreda Administrations of Libo-kemkem and Fogera, representatives of PAPs and 103kebele officials. A lumpsum amount of ETB 120,000 is provided for in the budget.

ix. Educational tours: Cost of educational tours for a bus capacity of 25-30 persons for a trip to the Dam site or to Koga Irrigation would cost ETB 25000/trip. 4 trips would be organized per year for three years with each trip carrying approximately 30 persons including PAPs and non-PAPs.An amount of ETB 300,000 is provided for in the budget. The budget will proportionately divided between Fogera and Woreda in relation t the number of PAHs in each woreda.

x. Contracting of mass media agency: A specialized mass media agency shall be contracted for dissemination of project information for the purpose of dissemination of RAP, developing radio programs, brochure, Project Fact Sheets, etc. An amount of ETB 300,000 is provided for across 3 years.

xi. Internal Monitoring: A lumpsum amount of ETB 600,000 across the four years is provided for internal monitoring to be carried out by RPCO, Regional BoEPLAU. It shall cover the cost of development and maintenance of PAP database as well.

xii. External Evaluation: External Evaluation shall be carried out by a contracted agency at the end of Year 1 and the second evaluation will be carried out at the end of Year 3.27. It could be carried out by different agencies. Estimates of man-months across the three year along with approximate costs for external monitoring are presented below:

Days or Month per Total days/months Amount Expert Rate/Month Year across 3 yrs (ETB) Social Development Expert – Team 80000 4 8 640000 Leader (10 years’ experience) Livelihood Expert (7-8 years’ experience) 75000 4 8 600000 Vehicles 6000 30 60 360000 Data collectors (2) 800 20 40 32000 Miscellaneous (Stationery, camera, LUMPSUM 60000 report production costs) 5% annual escalation for Year 1 (2016) and Year 3 2017/18 (end of construction of Phase I) Total 1692000

Consolidated budget is presented in Table 10.1 below:

Table 10.1 – Consolidated Budget for RAP Implementation of RIDP Phase I Items Libo-Kemkem Fogera Total A. Cost of Compensation measures towards PAPs Mitigation and livelihood support i) Compensation (phase 1 area) Farm land (in ha) Rainfed land 65098983.83 84824628.44 84824628.44

27 Both these could be carried out by one agency or different agencies and further decision will be taken if another evaluation is deemed useful to be carried out at the end of Year 2

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Table 10.1 – Consolidated Budget for RAP Implementation of RIDP Phase I Items Libo-Kemkem Fogera Total Irrigated land 85206996.00 85206996.00 85206996.00 Grazing land (in ha) 82903.12 661487.12 661487.12 Structures (in ha) 1051935.71 7273937.14 7273937.14 Eucalyptus Trees (in nos.) 4347529.20 5528023.20 5528023.20 Natural Trees (in nos.) 129380.00 429931.00 429931.00 Perennial Crops (in nos.) 0.00 220920.00 220920.00 II) compensation phase 2 area (river training) Rainfed 22123168.53 18912701.73 41035870.26 Grazing land 1321048.70 2156890.90 3477939.60 ii) Provision of Training on Financial Literacy to all PAPs 623000 1673000 2296000.00 iv) Livelihood support for vulnerable groups 1,800.000 1,800,000 3,600,000 v) Assistance to vulnerable persons (labor costs for 100,000 100,000 transport and construction) 200,000 SUB-TOTAL (i to iv) 234755732.76 B. Cost of mitigation measures towards Project Affected Kebeles i) anti-malaria measures 786000.00 ii) anti-HIV/Aids measures 275000.00 SUB-TOTAL (i to ii) 1061,000.00 C. Disclosure, Awareness generation and Educational Tours i) Holding of disclosure workshops at Addis Zemen and 50000 70000 120000 Woreta ii) Contracting of a mass media agency 300000 v) Educational trips for participants 90000 210000 300000 SUB-TOTAL (i to iv) 720000 D. Cost of implementation, monitoring, training and grievance redressal i) Hiring of Social Development Experts at Woredas 300000 300000 600000.00 ii) Hiring of two Project Information Officer 180000 180000 360000.00 ii) Training/capacity building activities for officials 273600.00 iv) Internal monitoring by BoEPLAU, RPCO and 600000.00 development/maintenance of RAP database v) Hiring of an External Evaluation Agency 1692000.00 vi) Field Administration (Meetings, fuel, per diems) – 15% of 275550.00 total ( i) to v) SUB-TOTAL (i to vi) 3801150.00 167. Total (A+B+C=D) 240337882.76 F. Contingency Contingency (to meet any unforeseen impacts or escalation 7210136.48 in estimated costs) – 3% of E GRAND TOTAL (A+B+C+D+E) 247545019.24

Total budget estimate for implementation of RAP activites for RIDP Phase I is ETB 247545019.25

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Note: The above break up by woreda is purely for estimation purposes commensurate to impacts and tasks. Actual provision of funds may vary

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CHAPTER 11 – IMPLEMENTATION ACTIVITIES AND SCHEDULE

11.1 Construction Schedule of Phase I 168. The schedule of RIDP Phase I is split in two phases as given below:  Phase I a: completion of Head works, all Main canals, irrigation and drainage system with associated road in the area north of Ribb river -> 757 ha  Phase I b: completion of all other works in the area south of Ribb river -> 2284 ha.  Phase I a: to be completed and water into irrigation supply within 22 months from date of contract effectiveness  Phase I b: to be completed and water into irrigation supply within 30 months from date of contract effectiveness

Beneficiaries will receive irrigable land at the end of each phase (Phase 1a and Phase 1b) independently of Phase II.

169. As a two phased approach to construction of Irrigation infrastructure is proposed, the RAP implementation schedule is linked to the construction schedule. Tasks such as provision of entitlement certificates and compensation payments, support measures, formation of and training to committees will be major activities. All activities in RAP implementation are listed below: The Chapter presents a set of implementation activities that are to be carried out.

11.2 Implementation Activities 170. The following implementation activities shall be undertaken: i) Operationalize Grievance mechanisms: Grievance redressal committees for Compensation at kebele and woreda levels will be formed and/or operationalized (if already existing) and provided with requisite training to execute their tasks (See Chapter 14 on Grievance redressal mechanisms). ii) Formation of Joint Group for periodic survey for communal grazing lands: Formation or operationalizing the personnel to dedicately undertake periodic survey of the project command area and report issues, if any. iii) Updating of RAP: Some un-surveyed areas within the project zone particularly in Fogera Woreda – 4 kebeles will be surveyed and assets and PAPs will be enumerated.

Quantum of Land (in ha) left un-surveyed in Phase I Tihwa Zakena: 2.6 ha Awa Kokit: 8.57 ha Ribb Gebriel: a 11.21 ha Diba Sifatra: 20.09 ha Total of Phase I 42.47 ha

Similarly, asset inventory for the PAPs affected by river training in phase 2 area will be conducted immediately after the end of the rainy season and the RAP will be updated accordingly. Upon survey the inventory and census date will updated and added to the final Draft RAP. It is likely that additional updates to the deisgn will be made necessary as construction goes and re-survey will be done on on-going basis and as need be to update the RAP data for those areas where the infrastructure layout may change.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia iv) Determination of PAHs/PAPs: Following the updation of the RAP and upon obtaining the construction schedule of the contractor shall be procured to arrive to help verify the final number of PAHs to be affected in both phases (Rib Phase1 and Phase 2). Even with the first phase of 3000 ha, phasing of works by kebele shall be estimated so as to minimize the time between when the land is handed over for construction is to be completed. v) Disclosure of Draft RAP: The draft RAP would be disclosed by MoWIE on their site as well at Bank’s Infoshop for any feedback. For this purpose, the Executive Summary and main report will be translated into Amharic; the full RAP would be disclosed on MoWIE’s website and Public Information Centre (PIC)/Infoshop of WB. vi) RAP approval and Public disclosure-cum-Launch Workshop: Upon approval of the final RAP, the executive summary and full document of the RAP shall be translated into Amharic. It along with entire document would be disclosed on the website of MoWIE and Regional BoEPLAU. A Public consultation- cum- Disclosure workshop will be conducted at locations in Libo-kemkem and Fogera Woreda to launch the RAP implementation. The workshop will have participation from representatives of the affected people and other stakeholders/partner agencies. The objective of the workshop will be to:  create awareness on the overall features of RIDP  contents of the RAP particularly with respect to applicable entitlements and land redistribution process; and  provide information on mechanisms for information dissemination, participation and consultation and grievance redressal for land redistribution and compensation. vii) Conduct Training Programme for Officials: Capacity building of WPIT team, members of BoEPLAU, kebele administration officials andPAPs’representatives will be carried out on various issues such as: delivering entitlement to the affected people; handling of grievances at periodic intervals. The training programsshallbe acontinuousprocess providing orientation and will includerefreshertrainingsasrequired. Capacity buildingneedsidentified would be addressed by provision of training to:  WPIT team and Committee on Land Redistribution on various issues of the project including delivering entitlement to the affected people .  Officials of the grievance committees at all levels on the likely types of grievances relating to compensation payments, land redistribution, on the entitlement provisions applicable, types of grievances and procedures for redressal. viii) Opening of Bank accounts for PAHs. Compensation committees would counsel all PAPs and provide necessary information to open joint bank accounts i.e. in the name of husband and wife. ix) Hold Kebele level meetings: Compensation and Irrigable land Redistribution Grievance Redressal Committees(alongwiththeSocial. Experts fromWoredaandRegional) will hold kebele level consultations to inform PAPs regarding:  distribution ofentitlementcertificates;  likely date of payment of compensation and handing over of plot;  likely date every year when annual compensation will be given;  size ofplot of land to be given and likely date of following  commencement of construction  respond to other queries  formation of IUWAs

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia x) Preparation of documentary films and distribution of Project Fact Sheet: “Know Your Project”: Documentary films and radio programs would be prepared for mass particularly for dissemination to the kebele communities in the command area. xi) Undertaken Educational Tours to other irrigation sites and Dam sites within the vicinity: More farmers will be taken from Fogera as more farmers are covered in Phase I from its kebeles. xii) Preparation of Compensation entitlements for affected persons under Phase I: Compensation entitlements due to all PAHs of Phase I shall be prepared. xiii) Preparation of RAP database: All information regarding PAHs such as quantum of land lost, trees, structures and other assets shall be entered into a RAP database specifically prepared for this purpose and periodically updated. xiv) Preparation of Land Redistribution Plan: Based on the civil works schedule and no. of PAHs affected in the both phases, the land redistribution plan shall be prepared by Regional BoEPLAU at least for Phase I PAHs, within its annual action plan for implementation. The plan will contain details of compensation payments, size of land to be given post redistribution. These details will also be entered into the database along with other entitlements. xv) Notification of expropriation: MoWIE and BoEPLAU would support and facilitate WPITs in issuance of expropriation notifications that indicates time by which to vacate their lands, harvest crops (if any). For illiterate PAPs, Woreda administration shall assist to convey the information in an appropriate manner. Prior to issuance, the list of PAPs would be updated in the event of any land transfer as gift or some PAP has expired. xvi) Development of special assistance plans for each of the vulnerable households:As per provisioninthe RAP,special assistanceplans shall bedevelopedforallthe 228vulnerablehouseholds. xvii) Issuance of Entitlement Certificate:MoWIE through WPITwouldissueEntitlement Certificates to all PAPs affected in Phase I. ForPAPswho areilliterate,Woredaadministration shall provide assistance to ensureinformation is given and understood accurately.Prior toissuance ofentitlement,updation of the list of PAHs would be undertaken particularly to update theHead oftheHH, inthe event ofany land transfer as gift or some Head of household has expired. xviii) Payment of compensation and vacation of land: All handing over of the property such as land, building and payment of compensation will be made in the presence of PAP and the kebele compensation committee. Payments will be made directly to PAP’s bank account (or in cash for smaller payments) no later than thirty (30) days before the date by which the land must be vacated. In case the land holder has a crop to be harvested on any other property that requires time for collection, the Woreda administrator, under request will extend the date by sixty (60 days) from the date the compensation is deposited. xix) Payment of annual compensation for loss of crop production: A specified date on which the annual compensation shall be transferred to the bank account or paid in cash (if amount is less than ETB 250) shall be decided upon by WPITs. Following request of funds by BoEPLAU to MOWIE and its transfer by MOWIE to WoFED offices at Libo-Kemkem and Fogera it shall paid to the landholder on this specified date every year the amount as compensation for loss of crop production.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia xx) Counselling on the judicious use of compensation amount: Woreda Finance office, Woreda Administrator (or Woreda Administration) and Woreda Women’s Affairs Office shall counsel PAPs individually or in groups as required on the judicious utilization of compensation money. xxi) Handover of land for construction:Once all property onthestatedlandis vacated,thelandshallbehanded over totheContractorfor constructionpurposes. xxii) Provision of employment, jobs with contractor and other services:Contractor shallberequiredtogive preferenceto all able-bodiedmenandwomenfor local labor andotherassociatedservices. Woreda administration would place notifications indicating requirement of labor on their notice boards. xxiii) Commencing of tree nursery/tree plantation programs within kebeles and other extension activities:Activitiessuch astree nurserywithinkebeles wouldbecommenced by providingappropriate guidanceand counselling tocommunities(PAHs andnonPAHs). Alsocounselling wouldbeprovidedto PAHs (particularly vulnerablehouseholds) on otherlivelihoodpackagessuchasBeekeeping,animalrearing,animalfattening, poultryetc.Theseshall becarriedout bytheWPITs alongwithAgriculturalExtension offices ofLibo-kemkem and Fogera Woreda. xxiv) Contract agency/agencies specializing in providing specialized services – trainings, improved crop practices, water management, information on water user association, livestock improvement, etc. xxv) Administration of Anti-Malaria measures: Distribution of mosquito nets on an annual basis, carrying out of IRS periodically, distribution of condoms, provision of ART and social mobilization initiatives will be undertaken by Woreda Health offices/Extension workers at periodic intervals across the entire RAP implementation period. xxvi) Administration of HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns: WPITs will be responsible for organizing the HIV/AIDS awareness campaigns for the benefit of the communities, while Contractor shall be responsible for organizing the same for this worker personnel. xxvii) Form Irrigation Land Redistribution Committee: Committee for Land Redistribution and Grievance redressal committees for land redistribution at kebele will be formed and provided with requisite training to execute their tasks (See Chapter 14 on Grievance redressal mechanisms). xxviii) Land redistribution:As thelandredistributionprocess necessitates that the permanentlossof a certain percentage/proportion of landresulting fromconstruction ofirrigationinfrastructure,is sharedbyland-holders inthecommand area, the redistribution process would takeplaceaccordingtotheformulaprescribedunderthedirective(SeeChapter7for details). Acrucial aspect in thelandredistributionwould befarmers’acceptance ofobligations as listedin theDirectives on Irrigationlandredistribution(SeerightsandobligationsunderChapter 5). xxix) Internal Monitoring: The internal monitoring programme under RPCO will commence soon after RAP approval. It shall record: a) progress made and record project inputs and the number of persons affected and compensated; and b) measure progress with involuntary resettlement against scheduled actions and milestones, using input and output indicators. Reportwithcomments aboutactivity progresswill be prepared eachweek towards the monthly reportand detailedquarterlywill be senttotheBureautherebytransactedtotheSteeringcommittee andNPCO. Attheendofthefourth financialquarter(April-June)afull annualreportwillbe prepared includinginformationonall project/output

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indicatorsandwithadetailedanalysisof achievedresultsandexperiencegained. Informationcompiledbi-annually shallbepresentedto theWorld Bank. xxx) External Evaluation:An External evaluation would be carried out twice in three year period to assess whether the project has met with the RAP objectives as a whole.The Annual exercise wouldcontinuetillafter RAPimplementationis completed up until the timetheincomes arerestoredto orimprovedupon pre- projectlevels. xxxi) Annual Project Review Workshops: Review of RAP implementation at Annual Workshops would be carried in the first quarter of next year soon after findings of Annual External Evaluation are available for discussion. xxxii) Submission of RAP Implementation Completion Report: Upon completion of all Implementation activities, the contracted implementing partners, WPITs shall assist the RPCO in putting together an RAP Implementation Completion Report for submission to Regional Administration and NPCO, MoWIE and review by WB to check if can considered complete.

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Table 11.1 – Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Irrigation Phase I Activity Year I Year II Year III 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Operationalize Grievance mechanisms Operationalize Joint Survey Group for Command Area parcels Updation of RAP Determination of PAHs Disclosure of Draft RAP at Bank Infoshop/MoWIE’s website RAP approval and Public disclosure- cum-Launch Workshop Conduct Training Programme for Officials and Refresher Trainings Open Bank accounts for PAPs (based on plan) Hold Kebelelevelmeetings Preparation of documentary films and its dissemination Undertaken Educational Tours Prepare compensation entitlements Prepare RAP database and its periodic updation depending on stages crossed Issuance of Entitlement Certificate Provision of Training on Financial Literacy to PAPs Pay compensation and vacation of land Notification of expropriation Development of special assistance plans for each of the vulnerable households: Payment of annual compensation for loss of crop production on decided specified date Counselling on the judicious use of compensation amount: Handover of land for construction for

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Table 11.1 – Implementation Schedule of RAP of Ribb Irrigation Phase I Activity Year I Year II Year III 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Phase I a and I b Provision of employment, jobs with contractor and other services Commence tree nursery/plantation programs at kebele level Contract agency (ies) for providing services under Component 2 Commence activities (as under Component 2) prior to provision of irrigated land parcel Administration of Anti-Malaria measures HIV/AIDS measures campaigns for communities awareness trainings for contractor personnel by the contractor Formation Grievance Committees for Land Redistribution at Kebele level and provide training Preparation of land redistribution plan for Phase Ia Land Redistribution for Phase Ia Preparation of land redistribution plan for Phase I b Land Redistribution for Phase Ib Internal Monitoring Annual External Evaluation Annual Project Review Workshops Submission of RAP ImplementationCompletion Report for Phase I a Submission of RAP Implementation Completion Report for Phase I b

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11.3 Green Light conditions 171. Green light conditions or specific RAP activities that are to be completed before land is vacated: a) Re-survey of any area that could not be surveyed or that is affected by design changes as construction goes; b) Provision of Entitlement Certificates detailing compensation amounts payable and other entitlements; c) Formation of and/or operationalization of Committees required for Compensation and Grievance Redressal; and d) Readiness of Internal Monitoring Mechanism.

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CHAPTER 12 – DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATIONANDPARTICIPATION PLAN

172. Information dissemination and consultation vide an appropriate communication strategy leading to effective participation is a pre-requisite for effective RAP implementation. Continued and effective participation by the affected communities shall itself be an intended outcome of the communication activities. Effective dissemination of relevant information and continued participation of PAPs and all beneficiaries assumes extreme significance in this project wherein: i) command area infrastructure is being taken up in phases and thereby benefits to farmers too will accrue in phases and ii) lingering doubts and fears in the command area farmers over rumours of diversion of Ribb river water persist and therefore might impede their support and cooperation to the project. 173. The chapter presents procedures that shall be followed by MoWIE to disclose the draft and final RAP. It then reviews the existing channels for communication, stating the principles of participation and consultation, followed by a set of indicative issues for dissemination by stage of project cycle. It concludes with the communication strategy for RAP implementation and suggested activities therein.

12.1 Disclosure of RAP 174. The full draft RAP in English and translated in local language (Amharic), would be disclosed on MOWIE website as well at the World Bank Infoshop. In accordance with donor (WB) requirements, the draft RAP would be made available to PAPs and other stakeholders for review and comment. Also during the period, survey of previously un-surveyed areas due to encroachment issues would be completed and PAPs would be enumerated. With these updations and incorporation of comments/feedback if any on the draft RAP, the document would be finalized. Following which FDRE will disclose the document again and also provide permission to the World Bank to disclose the document at Bank’s Infoshop. Further to enhance transparency in implementation, the list of PAPs for disbursement of benefits shall be separately disclosed at the concerned kebele and Woreda offices, Regional BoEPLAU and any other relevant offices, etc. In addition, a summary of the RAP in brochure form in Amharic will be printed and distributed amongst all stakeholders. The Executive Summary of the report in Amharic would be placed in easily accessible public places such as libraries. WPITs shall follow the process below to disclose the RAP:  MoWIE shall disclosure the RAP in its own website and in Federal libraries as available;  MoWIE along with RPCO and Regional Administration will organise a Stakeholders’ workshop for disclosure of RAP in the Project area. The objectives of the workshop would be:  to provide information, and bring clarity on issues raised relating to entitlements and benefits;  to consult and create awareness amongst local community members about resettlement and benefits under Component 2 of the project;  to ensure that vulnerable groups understand the process, and that their needs are specifically taken into consideration; and  take the opportunity to solicit help from other departments and also reach out to NGOs operational (particularly in field of income generation) in the area and to encourage their participation in RAP implementation.  Also to reach out to beneficiaries in Phase II of the project indicating the timelines by when construction activities will commece in their kebeles.

 WPIT, BoEPLAU and the RPCO shall be responsible to disclose the RAP (in full and Executive summary version) in the region, zone and woreda offices and in the print media as required.

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12.2 Existing Perceptions and Expectations 175. The Household Baseline survey provided the existing perceptions amongst PAHs in the command area. Some of the key findings are presented below: Table 13.1 – Existing Perceptions on and Expectations of RIDP Parameter Unit Phase I By Woreda (both woredas) Libo-Kemkem Fogera Project Awareness Yes % 95 96 94 No % 5 4 6 Source of awareness Radio % 1 0 2 newspaper % 0 0 0 kebele officials % 42 60 24 kebele consultations and survey % 43 25 60 workshops % 1 0 1 others % 9 0 12 multiple source % 5 15 2 Deemed positive impacts Increase in land productivity % 1.91 5.91 1 Assured water supply % 1.15 - 2 Temporary work opportunities % 2.24 - 3 Increase in business opportunity % - - - Increase in no. of crops/season % - - - Membership of Water user groups % - - - Increase in market access % - - - Increase in facilities in the area % 0.11 - - any two of the benefits perceived % 25.80 19.32 28 more than 2 benefits perceived % 68.74 74.77 67 Perceived adverse impacts Loss of land, structures % 28.10 11.82 33.24 Pressure on existing infrastructure % 0.82 0.68 0.86 Conflict with outsiders % 4.47 2.73 5.03 Increase in accidents % 13.91 3.64 17.16 Perceived multiple impacts (more than one of the % 33.99 53.18 27.93 above) Perceived multiple impacts (more than two of the % 18.71 27.95 15.79 above) Opinion- Positive or Negative or Can’t Say Good % 77.03 84.32 74.73 Bad (not useful) % 8.89 0.23 11.63 Can’t Say % 14.13 15.68 13.64 Type of Support and Assistances expected under the Project Trainings on crop practices % 0.16 0.45 0.07 Seed inputs % 0.27 0.45 0.22 Credit facilities % 0.82 0.91 0.79 Water Management/conservation practices % 0.65 - 0.86 Fertilizers % 2.45 0.23 3.23 Trainings on Market related activities % 0.16 - 0.14 Financial literacy % 0 - - Skill development % 0.11 - 0.14

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Table 13.1 – Existing Perceptions on and Expectations of RIDP Parameter Unit Phase I By Woreda (both woredas) Libo-Kemkem Fogera At least any two of the above % 30.44 14.55 35.46 more than two of the above % 64.76 83.41 58.87

12.3 Existing channels of communication 176. At present project related information is disseminated from MoWIE to Regional BoEPLAU to the Woreda administrations on the project, particularly as matters are related to expropriation of land and related compensation activities. The Woreda administrations vide its’ departments such as OoEPLAUs, Agriculture, Women’s affairs, Health offices and other kebele/sub-kebele committees provide information to the communities on their routine and respective activities such as certification of land holdings, ongoing programs relating to health, livelihoods. Extension workers of Woreda women affairs’ departments too are involved (see Chapter 4 on stakeholder consultations for more details). Meetings are held on specific topics by specific departments and occasionally involve all the community. However the challenge of RAP implementation is multi-dimensional and needs to draw upon on resources from all these departments. Hence WPITs as a single point of communication will disseminate all project and RAP implementation related information. Most essentially all these personnel need to present a uniform set of information to the PAPs based on appropriate training and orientation received from the RPCO, BoEPLAU and main project implementation entity – MOWIE.

12.4 Principles and Objectives of Participation and Communication 177. Consultation and Participation require that accurate and reliable information is made available in a timely and comprehensible manner and can be easily accessed by all relevant stakeholders. For a project of this nature with various activities across stages, a specific Communication Strategy and Action Plan is essential as it shall draw upon resources from various departments, including external agencies. It shall require uniform understanding and awareness regarding activities amongst all stakeholder institutions to enable a unified and thereby effective approach and response to queries from PAPs. The degree of participation of PAPs required would be directly proportional to the scale and magnitude of impact and the proposed mitigation measures. Principles therefore for Information dissemination to ensure effective consultation and participation are as follows:  Continuous process: Information dissemination on project developments and Consultations with affected persons and communities would be a continuous feature throughout project planning and implementation.  Essentially inclusive: As PAPs include vulnerable groups who are under-privileged and shall be at a greater disadvantage due to the adverse impacts, the entire participative and consultative process should be inclusive of such disadvantaged groups and requires special efforts to elicit their participation; and  Forum for decision making: Meetings/interactions/consultations would aim to lead to informed decision making.

In terms of objectives, these are presented below in Figure 12.1

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Existing Issues/Perceptions Risks Target or Approach Multiple sources of awareness creation likely to give muddle uniform understanding of the project across all messages official stakeholders

information available to PAPs when there is lack of clarity over information to available at the same time to every some activity in the area project one in the area commencement

Expectations of support and assistances Officials unable to Officials are aware and in a position to clearly state expressed by communities with respect to the respond thereby the activities planned, to be implemented, along with Component 2 (possibly known only to RAP leading to rumours or dates, and rollout a kebele level communication consultant due to household survey and other misapprehensions initiative survey committee members) amongst people

high level of illiteracy amongst PAPs major risk to any combine interactive with non-interactive media i.e. written radio programs, brochure./flyer, etc with kebele communication meetings and provision of access to Project initiative Information Cell at Woreda level.

Figure 12.1 – Communication gaps, risks and objectives

12.5 Participation and Communication Strategy and Plan for RAP implementation 178. Timely and accurate information dissemination requires a set of proactive measures be taken to instill confidence amongst PAPs. The overall goal of the communication strategy is to rightly inform the communities, correct prevalent mis-perceptions and create an atmosphere of trust and cooperation which can lead to informed decision making and elicit support from PAPs in the administering of activities in RAP implementation and Component 2 of ENIDP. Therefore the communication strategy requires direct interaction with the all beneficiaries particularly Project Affected households, and the whole community throughout the planning, implementation and monitoring stages of RAP and subsequent activities. An appropriate communication strategy shall comprise the following critical elements:  have an enabling and supportive environment within the existing institutional setup;  take support from grass root level institutions already working in the area to coordinate, facilitate activities, help build rapport and develop appropriate income generation/rehabilitation measures; and  finally be prepared for a sustained period to reduce anxieties, counter rumors by means of prompt responses followed by commensurate actions.

179. Specifically the objectives of the communication strategy for Ribb Irrigation shall be as follows: a) to create a shared understanding of the objectives of current project; b) to create a sense of appreciation of the efforts to address and alleviate the impacts caused by taking of land for the irrigation infrastructure; c) to create awareness amongst PAPs on the benefits of irrigable land post redistribution and follow up activities planned under Component 2; d) to sensitize all officials involved in decision making and implementation of i) recognition of the right of the PAPs to receive information; and ii) the need for regular interactions with communities to allay apprehensions and correct mis-conceptions; and

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e) to orient vulnerable groups including women to participate in meetings and to support them through the process of taking up appropriate trainings ensure that they do not lose in any way from the proposed mitigation measures due to their vulnerable status.

180. The foremost requirement of the Communication Strategy is to disclose details on project activities, entitlement provisions and applicable measures and processes to all beneficiaries particularly PAHs. The following action plan is proposed: a) Notice boards in the kebeles: Installation of notice boards shall present information to PAPs that is definite and is permanently available to PAPs. It should have space for project details of a permanent nature and space for information that shall be updated periodically: Permanent i. a brief description of the project along with a sketch; details on area of construction zone; ii. total affected land by kebele, iii. likely date of commencement and completion of construction activities and redistribution of land; and iv. finally the names and contact details of key officials at the Woreda/kebele administration who can be approached for any issue. Temporary i. information on key activities and dates e.g. dates for expropriation and disbursement, ii. work opportunities – number of persons by types of skill required and approximate number of days of work and amount payable for each type of work;

b) Designate Project Information Officer (PIOs): Both Woreda administrations should designate a PIO right from the stage of compensation computation. He shall be responsible to: i. provide information on the project to all stakeholders i.e. status and progress ii. distribute summary of RAP (in Amharic) and other entitlement details to PAPs and beneficiaries; iii. facilitate consultation meetings with PAPs and keeping records of meeting outcomes and communicating the same to concerned higher authorities; and iv. provide PAPs with details on the available forums for redressal of grievances

In addition, officially designating a person from the kebele from among the PAPs shall enable creation of a durable two-way communication between project agency and affected people. Appointment of one or more resettlement contact persons in each affected kebele to be the conduit for relevant information will be essential. The person designated should be carefully chosen after ensuring that he/she has the confidence of all the affected people. Also he/she can later be useful too in resolving any grievances.

c) Project Information Center (PIC): The Woreda offices should provide a separate space within their office for relevant project documents such as the design drawings, ESIA and full RAP report28. It should be managed by Project Information Officer. The PIC should contain the following documents: i. Final RAP report and the Executive summary of RAP (in Amharic), ii. ESIA report and feasibility reports and drawings; iii. Details on Component 2 activities; iv. Copies of all entitlement certificates; v. List of all vulnerable PAPs; vi. Records of all consultation meetings held with PAPs, kebele communities, FGDs with vulnerable groups;

28Housing the PICwithin or nearby the construction camp is not recommended as there is restricted access which is not conducive to building rapport and trust.

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vii. Photographs of disbursement of entitlement certificates, payments, etc; and viii. grievance redressal forms, etc. d) Holding regular meetings: Interactive mechanism for reaching to potentially affected people in the earliest stages of resettlement planning includes holding of regular meetings with PAPs as a major confidence building tool. A regular meeting (at least fortnightly) between project staff and affected people, preferably at the same location and the same date or day or every month can be an effective mechanism. PAPs expectedly will have more questions and concerns to express, there shall be a need to carry out meetings on not just a periodic basis but also as deemed necessary by officials and requested for PAPs/PAHs. However, a regular scheduling of these meetings would help to avoid the difficult logistics sometimes require for planning such events. Such meetings should be attended by key officials from the Woreda administration (WPITs) and also should involve members of the kebele administration. Further as a matter of practice the discussion points from such meetings, outcomes and the list of participants should be diligently recorded and the same should be pasted on the notice boards. Care should be taken to ensure maximum participation of PAPs by holding meetings at mutually agreed date and time. Organizing and holding of separate meetings with vulnerable groups particularly women PAPs is a pre-requisite.

e) Educational trips for farmers: Awareness creation with respect to the benefits of the project, activities planned under Component 2 of ENIDP would need to be created. For this purpose, the WPITs will organize to the Dam site and also to the irrigation project sites in the vicinity so as to ensure all kebeles are well informed and enables them to better comprehend the proposed interventions.

f) Contracting a Mass media agency: A mass media agency would be contracted to disseminate message, develop appropriate brochures with images. A project Factsheet (in Amharic) with all relevant details and periodically updated to reflect the status of the project will be produced. Brochures should contain entitlements, compensation rates, processes, etc. While meetings are interactive, these would still be periodic events. Printed literature with details places physical proof of their rights in the hands of PAPs and beneficiaries. Further the agency shall produce documentaries from other irrigation projects such as Koga Irrigation Scheme and Bembeke, etc. for wider dissemination to all public. (See Annexure 12.1 for a Project Fact Sheet – KNOW YOUR PROJECT). 12.6 Issues for Dissemination and Participation 181. Effective coordination and cooperation between all relevant stakeholders is important throughout and in particular assumes greater importance at the implementation stage. An indicative list of issues wherein information needs to be disseminated and participation of PAPs is essential is given below:

Indicative list of issues for dissemination and for PAP participation

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Indicative list of issues for dissemination and for PAP participation Planning stage  Identification  Explain purpose of the project, benefits of the scheme of affected  Transect walk at certain sections area  Display of maps on the notice boards in the affected kebeles  Identification  Plot identification and Asset inventory survey along with checking of rural landholding book of affected for ownership families/asset  Explain cut-off date, inventory  Hold consultations prior to survey and respond to queries, provide clarifications survey  undertaking of preferences of PAPs with respect to resettlement and rehabilitation/income restoration measures;  Disclose  disclosure of results of asset inventory post survey survey results  provide clarification on eligibility and entitlements  explain parameters, rates to be used for valuation of assets such as land, structures, trees (eucalyptus and non-eucalyptus)  Implementing Stage  Land  date of notification for expropriation of landholdings, expropriation/  issuance of entitlement certificates  redistribution/  compensation including methods of payment (when, how, by whom)  compensation  proportion amount of land due post redistribution assistances applicable, if any  Support  proposed activities under Component 2 for all beneficiaries including PAPs under  options for capacity-building and training and other inputs; Component 2  Details on entitlements such as provision of farm inputs, trainings, enrolment into irrigation  water user associations, etc.  Institutions  Implementing institutions, and names and contacts of relevant officials Roles and responsibilities of Woreda bodies, agencies/agents providing services  Mechanisms for grievance redress, including name and contacts of persons in-charge

12.7 Consultations with Communities excluded from Phase I Area 182. Communities out of the RIDP command area within Phase I kebeles would be a critical component of effective consultation and communication as they could feel left out and might impede benefits to those covered in RIDP Phase I as planned .WPITs would periodically – at once in 4-6 months carry out consultations to: i. inform these communities of the project development and provide with preference in construction activities as possible; ii. to hear their concerns and responds to their queries;and provide support on a case-by-case basis.

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CHAPTER 13 – MONITORING AND EVALUATION

183. The overall objective of the RAP is to ensure that the PAPs restore and preferably improve upon their pre-project living standards. In order to achieve this objective, Compensation and Land redistribution activities that are to be implemented will be on a critical path and if not implemented effectively can cause severe time and cost delays in the project besides eroding faith of PAPs and beneficiaries in the implementing institutions and thereby, thereby comprising their support and cooperation to the achievement of project objectives. Hence, in a development project with a long gestation period, effective Monitoring and Evaluation of RAP implementation would be key to timely achievement of planned activities, intended objectives and overall project outcomes.

13.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Framework of ENIDP 184. The M&E system of ENIDP29 in its overall approach intends to be:  Results-based, i.e. emphasis is laid on providing timely information to the implementing agency and other project stakeholders regarding the project – if it is succeeding or failing and what are the reasons?  Participatory i.e. to meet both governmental requirements and all other stakeholders including PAPs and the kebele community;  Stakeholder-oriented, i.e. is the most significant because of the magnitude of social and environmental impacts. Therefore the M&E system must be able to inform whether the proposed measures are themselves adequate in minimizing or mitigating any adverse economic or social impacts on PAPs.

185. The M&E System Objectives are categorized into System Outcomes and Operational objectives that are relevant to social impacts and RAP implementation as listed below: System Outcomes: Information generated by the M&E system is intended primarily to serve as a management tool, assisting in decision making and planning/ re-planning processes. An effective M&E system for ENIDP would lead to the following management outcomes:  Timely identification of implementation bottlenecks and factors that could result in time and cost over- runs, in infrastructure construction as well and service delivery.  Project irrigation facilities and services delivered are consistent with local needs and capacities, taking into account that of disadvantaged groups and women farmers/ women-headed households.  Environmental and social safeguards envisaged in the ESMF are integrated into the project’s management information system.  Lessons learned during project implementation have wider applicability to future development strategies and approaches for irrigation development in the country in general, and within the Tana Basin in particular

Operational Objectives: Specific operational objectives of the M&E system for ENIDP include:  Enabling project management and other project stakeholders to undertake timely corrective action and/or make needed adjustments to implementation processes, techniques and approaches;  Empowering and building the capacities and self-reliance of implementing agency staff, project communities and other local partners to guide, manage and implement development activities effectively and efficiently;

29Project Implementation Manual, ENIDP, 2007

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 Facilitating the re-examining and adjusting of goals, objectives and strategies during the project life, towards improving quality and performance, including actions relating to Environmental Management and Resettlement Action Plans;  Providing objective evidence on project results, in terms of outcomes and impacts, to permit lessons to be learned towards planning future investments and development initiatives.

13.2 M&E Structure – Scope and Responsibilities 186. PIM of ENIDP proposes an M&E arrangement that is structured as two distinct but complementary sub-systems, namely: 1. Sub-system I: Routine Reporting, Database Management, Monitoring and Regular Reviews 2. Sub-system II: Ongoing and Periodic Evaluations and Special Studies

187. Activities under sub-system I are meant primarily to help strengthen existing systems of information gathering, record keeping, database management, routine reporting (monthly, quarterly, annually) and regular reviews at the various levels of the project entity. This includes participation of stakeholders ranging from Woreda and kebele organisations to the Project Steering Committees, implementing agencies and the project coordination offices. 188. Subsystem II complements these through studies and surveys, to also permit triangulation and independent verification of information. For ENIDP, this includes information from household and community surveys/ interactions, analysis of data from technical measurements/ scientific observations, and evidence from satellite imagery. This would permit not only assessing how far down the road the project had progressed, but ascertains that this remains the right road towards achieving planned outcomes and impacts. Provision is made under both subsystems to support M&E requirements relating to environmental and social safeguards, implemented through the EMP and RAP. Further as proposed in the PIM, the reports/events relevant for M&E of RAP implementation are listed below:  Monthly records and reports;  Quarterly progress monitoring reports;  Annual progress reports;  Annual Project Review Workshop; and  Studies in support of RAP i.e. targeted follow up surveys of resettled households and those affected by project infrastructure and operations.

189. Considering the complexity of periodic annual Compensation and one time exercise of Land redistribution, besides R&R activities in the RIDP scheme and in line with the sub-systems I and II of the M&E structure, Internal Monitoring and an External Evaluation will be carried out. The Evaluation exercise will be carried out by an experienced agency on an annual basis.

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13.3 Monitoring of RAP Implementation 190. MoWIE will conduct the concurrent internal monitoring with support from regional and woreda level bodies. It would comprise Process & Performance Monitoring. While Process monitoring would enable the project authority to assess the whether the due process are being followed or not, Performance monitoring would mainly relate to achievement in measurable terms against the set targets. MoWIE (and WB during its routine implementation support missions) will monitor performance of RAP as it shall cover aspects such as continuity of staff involved in RAP implementation, timeliness of implementation of proposed activities. Key parameters shall be as follows:

Table 14.1 – Performance Indicators for RAP implementation Indicator/Parameter Timeline (month) Frequency Variation in final number of PAPs vis a vis the numbers given in the final RAP 1-3 Months One time Undertaking of listed RAP activities with respect to proposed schedule:. i. formation of GRC – land redistribution and compensation 1-24 (depending on Monthly ii. opening of bank accounts activity) iii. provision of agricultural inputs/training e.g. financial literacy Variation in budget allocated in RAP versus actual budget spent 3,6,12,18,24,30 Quarterly Payment of compensation prior to issuing notice for vacation of lands and 3,6,9,12 Monthly commencement of construction works Payment of annual compensation till provision of irrigable proportionate land 12, 24 Annual Continuity of Personnel in RAP as per institutional arrangement 3,6,9,12,15,18,21 24 Bi-monthly

191. Process Monitoring would involve the concurrent checking of implementation activities to ascertain whether these are being implemented in accordance with the RAP and thereby enable the project authorities to take appropriate action to address any gaps, deviations, etc. It would be one continuous and routine process of tracking and reporting on activities and outputs associated with use of project resources. It would be closely integrated with the routine reporting system of implementing agencies and units (through Monthly, Quarterly and Annual Reports). It would include collection, analysis, reporting and use of information about the progress of R&R against a time-bound implementation schedule indicated in the RAP. Quantitative indicators that focus on physical and financial targets and delivery of entitlements to PAPs will provide an efficient tool to supplement qualitative assessment that shall be carried out in the case of socio-economic impacts. 192. Mechanism and Reporting: Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) unit, RPCO at Amhara region will coordinate the Project’s performance monitoring system, in close collaboration with Regional BoEPLAU. Woreda Administration (WPITs), RPCO (M&E) officer will be main responsible for preparation and submission of Monthly, Quarterly and Annual progress reports. Other lead agencies BoEPLAU (as RAP involves expropriation of land and related tasks), BoWRD, BoARD, NPCO (M&E), will supplement the M&E unit by providing information as necessary. Internal monitoring under the Regional Coordinator’s office will commence soon after the RAP is approved and implementation activities commence. Figure 14.1 depicts the linkages for internal monitoring.

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NPC (M&E), MoWE

RPSC

RPCO (M&E)

BoEPLAU

BoFED, BoWRD, BoARD

Woreda Agriculture

WPITs of Fogera and Libo-kemkem comprising of representatives from WoFED, WoARD, WoWRD, etc

Figure 14.1 – Reporting linkages for Internal Monitoring

193. Monthly Activity progress reports and detailed quarterly reports will be sent to the RPCO for updating RPSC and NPCO, MoWIE. At the end of the fourth financial quarter (June-August)30 a full Annual Report would be prepared that includes information on all indicators along with a detailed analysis of achieved results and constraints therein. Information compiled bi-annually would be presented to the WB office and also during their periodic missions. Further progress and issues would be presented in detail at the Annual Project Review Workshop for holding informed discussions on implementation processes of RAP. Focus of each of these reports and workshop is presented below:

Report/Event Focus (as relevant to RAP implementation) Monthly records and  Progress of implementation reports  Process issues of RAP, safeguards compliance  Implementation constraints and recommended actions Quarterly progress All of the above aspects presented on a cumulative basis and presented against the Annual Plan of monitoring reports implementation activities for submission to relevant stakeholders including funding agency – WB Annual progress and All the four quarters compiled along with detailed analysis achievement reports Annual Project Review Presentation of progress, processes, implementation constraints workshop

30 As per Ethiopian Calender

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194. Key Monitoring parameters: The following Objectives and indicators specific to social impacts are listed in the PIM: Objectives Indicators Livelihoods and standards of living of persons resettled  Quantity & value of economic assets owned by project affected into and within the irrigation command areas not parties (PAPs) before & after resettlement reduced by involuntary resettlement process  Distance of PAPs from amenities such as potable water sources, schools, health clinics, veterinary centers Social Safeguards process – Resettlement Action Plan  Extent of stakeholder consultations (great, fair, low) and timeliness (RAP) for minimization & mitigation of adverse social of decisions and mitigation actions on resettlement (no. of days and economic impacts of involuntary resettlement is in delay) place.  Level of compensation (quantity/ ETB value) of land, finance & Assumed Intermediate outcome: Compliance with other material and technical support received by PAPs (project processes and mitigation measures set out in the RAP affected parties). by all parties.

195. Process Monitoring indicators for RAP Implementation of Ribb Irrigation have been devised along following parameters to measure progress of various activities:  Physical  Financial (compensation/establishment)  Resettlement and rehabilitation  Social (Education and Health)  Processes  Institutional (including Grievance redressal)

Some of the key indicators are as follows:  establishment of required institutional structures;  asset acquisition and disbursement of compensation  disbursement operation of compensation,;  investing of compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity,  consultation meetings with kebele communities around rehabilitation issues; and  preparation and submission of monitoring and evaluation reports.

See Annexure 14.1 for list of indicative monitoring indicators.

13.4 External Evaluation 196. Evaluations would be carried out to identify constraints, ascertain changes or outcomes and provide implementable recommendations based on experiences within and elsewhere. Evaluation assesses resettlement efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, drawing lessons as a guide to future resettlement planning. It would enable to assess whether RAP objectives were met when compared to the baseline information on the households, i.e. livelihoods and living standards were restored or enhanced. It would draw upon information gathered from routine monitoring, supplemented by information from surveys/ studies, including baseline and follow-up studies and other sources. The evaluation exercise would help gain a deeper understanding and perspective of project outcomes and impacts. The evaluation would be carried out on an Annual basis by an External agency. The timing of the evaluation exercises would be such as to feed the findings into the Annual Project Review Workshop. Expecting a 2.5 years period of RAP implementation there will be at least two evaluation exercises carried out. However, in case there are any outstanding issues that

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require attention, administering of additional measures for resolution, the Evaluation exercise would continue till the time:  either the RAP objectives are fully achieved; OR  till they are deemed to be substantially achieved with systems and processes in place that are adequate to complete pending actions.

197. Mechanism and Reporting: MoWIE will contract a specialized agency with experience in similar evaluation studies for this purpose. The evaluation exercise will draw upon interactions with communities, WPITs, kebele administration and from implementing agencies – BoEPLAU, Woreda OoEPLAUs, RPCO, NPCO, etc. Also the agency should draw reports from the RAP database and other sources as necessary, etc. Both positive and adverse impact will be measured in both quantitative and qualitative way. Focus of evaluation at different evaluation stages as stated in the PIM is given below:

Report/Event Focus (as relevant to RAP implementation) Studies in support of EMP &  compliance with social safeguards/ mitigation measures under ESMPF, RAP  to include systematic assessment of their effectiveness in ensuring development sustainability, livelihoods& standards of living of resettled people, Mid tern Review/ Evaluation  Progress towards PDO & component outcomes; Exercise  Community & user perceptions of project impacts.  Effectiveness, quality, adequacy, relevance and sustainability of project interventions;.  Revisiting RAP measures and key assumptions. Terminal Evaluation Exercise  Progress towards PDO & component outcomes;  Specific lessons for future RAP preparation and implementation issues

Figure 14.2 depicts the linkages for Annual External Evaluation.

NPCO (M&E)/MOWE

RPCO/M&E officer

BoARD

BoEPLAU External Evaluation Woreda Admn/RAP Agency database WPITs

Other agencies at Woreda/Region

Partner Stakeholders

PAPs

Figure 14.2 – Information and Reporting linkages for External Evaluation

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198. Evaluation parameters: Six broad parameters for Evaluation are as given below in Table 13.2 Table 14.2 – Broad parameters for assessing quality of life S.No. Impact evaluation indicators Pre-project baseline values Annual evaluation End of project evaluation 1 Annual income 2 Occupation 3 Landholding 4 Material assets 5 Access to basic services 6 House type

199. As 2059 PAHs are a significant number, the evaluation exercise would be undertaken on a sample basis drawn from the total affected households. The drawn Sample (maximum 20%) would be representative of types of impacts and mitigation measures and drawn proportionately from each impacted kebele, rate of annual inflation will be considered to ascertain percentage of change (-ve+/ve) in absolute and real terms in respect to income and expenditure figure. The above will supplemented with specific details on usage of compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement. Besides the evaluation will consider the measures the levels of satisfaction towards implementation arrangements, grievances resolution and performance of stakeholder/partner institutions. See Annexure 13.3 for TORs for Annual External Evaluation

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CHAPTER 14 – GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL

14.1 Types of likely Grievances 200. Grievances are likely to occur in the RIDP as: i) part of key economic asset of PAPs i.e. land with assets on it would be expropriated for construction of irrigation infrastructure; and ii) process of redistribution of irrigable land to PAPs and beneficiaries shall be a complex process given their present levels of understanding and limited knowledge of modern irrigation systems iiidamages sustained during construction. As the land redistribution process will involve both directly affected PAPs and other beneficiaries residing/operating in the command area, grievances could be expected from the overall community. 201. Types of grievances that have already occurred at the planning stage and would occur during the implementation stage are listed below:

Stage Types of grievances (indicative) Planning  lack of adequate communication on the project developments and mis-apprehensions regarding the usage of Ribb river water  Challenges of encroachment resolution by the Woredas;  lack of awareness of the project boundary;  missing of parcel, error in identification and/or incorrect measurement (or perceptions over incorrect measurement) of affected assets;  disagreements regarding inheritance or ownership of assets and fearing loss of compensatio  temporary submergence of assets and damage to crops, due to diversion of river for construction works, etc.; RAP  usurping of adjacent communal and grazing lands for the purpose of taking more productive land Implementation/  perceived lack of equity and fairness in land redistribution particularly on issues relating to fertility of construction redistributed lands;  non-payment for improvements carried out to structures post survey and valuation but prior to compensation payments;  relating to time delays, mode of payment of compensation;  not enough command area constructed related work or its inequitable distribution to select groups and not to all in a uniform manner;  grievances against the construction contractor’s practices such as payments, debri disposal, etc.  wrong identification of required training support and lack of necessary assistances;  increased threat to health from water-borne diseases, during construction period  increased cases of HIV/AIDS due to in-migration  loss of access not addressed in a timely manner  damage to crops and other assets due to diversion of river and dust emanating from construction Operation &  inadequate or erratic supply of irrigation water; maintenance  high water user charges;  non-availability of promised agricultural inputs such as Trainings on crop practices; Seed inputs Credit facilities; Water Management/conservation practices; Fertilizers; Trainings on Market related activities; Financial literacy; Skill development;  dissatisfaction over personnel from stakeholder/partner institutions involved in the above; and  dissatisfaction over non-achievement of intended and promised benefits and outcomes such as multiple crops/year, improved yields, enhanced incomes

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14.2 Need for Grievance Redressal Mechanism 202. A grievance redressal mechanism independent of the implementing agencies is therefore essential to allow affected individuals to voice concerns and seek redressal. Such grievances, if not redressed effectively and in a timely manner can lead to disruption in the planned implementation schedule, loss of faith in institutions amongst PAPs resulting in suspicion and non-cooperation from PAPs and even jeopardizing the overall project success. An effective mechanism to redress grievances requires: i) that grievances do not linger on and become contentious issues between project authorities and the affected community and result in opposition to the project; ii) PAPs and beneficiaries develop faith in grievance redressal mechanisms and subsequently in the in implementation, monitoring; iii) PAPs and beneficiaries appreciate efforts by the project authorities to reach out to hear concerns, proactively address and resolve issue iv) to promote cooperation so that PAPs and beneficiaries willingly participate in irrigation water user associations and adopt improvements brought through the modern irrigation thereby improving their socio- economic status and through better food production alleviate the food security situation of the Woreda, Region and the country as a whole.

14.3 Grievance Redressal Mechanism 203. The Grievance Redressal Mechanism involves formation or operationalizing of Grievance Redressal Committee, if they are already formed. The main objective is to provide a step-by-step process of registering and addressing the grievances. It is expected that this mechanism will ensure redress of disputes through participative process. The key players in the grievance redressal process are: i) PAPs themselves through their representatives; ii) Influential persons in the project affected kebele (could be non-PAPs); iii) Representatives of the IUWAs iv) Woreda Administration; v) WPITs; and vi) Stakeholder institutions

204. Principles in formulation of effective grievance mechanism are that the mechanism is: i) devised keeping in mind the socio-cultural setting such as making use of village elders too in resolution of disputes; ii) take cognizance of impacts on female and other vulnerable PAPs and ensures their adequate representation; iii) is independent of the implementing agencies to allow affected individuals to voice concerns and seek redressal; iv) is accessible and well-supported by an effective information dissemination mechanism and by effective monitoring to prevent occurrence of a grievance in the first place due to lack of information; and v) be responsive i.e. its recommendation and decisions are implemented by the project authorities; and vi) its findings are well integrated in project’s monitoring

To address compensation related grievances Committees shall be formed at kebele, woreda, and Regional level.

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14.4 Kebele level Grievance Redressal 205. At the kebele level, there shall be two committees – one specifically for compensation related issues and other relating to the land redistribution aspects. Details of these committees are presented below: Compensation GrievanceRedressal committee:For the Ribb Irrigation scheme, there shall be a Grievance mechanisms relating to compensation and other processes, etc. Details of these committees are given below:

Kebele level: Itwould bethefirst-level structure towhichacomplainantwill go toreport a grievance andseek resolution. Attempt would be made to redress the grievances at the level at which they occur as that would help to keep PAPs faith in the mechanism with respect to its ability to provide resolution. Kebele administration would nominate a person from within the administration to dedicatedly record and redress grievances and particularly support those PAPs who are illiterate. The Kebele grievance redressal committee members would need to be elected by the community. It is suggested cognizance be taken of the existing grievance resolution systems wherein elderly persons play a significant role in resolution of disputes within their respective kebeles. Therefore at least one such member be included as a member of the grievance mechanism. The person should be well respected and having knowledge of such land related issues and with proven skills in conflict and grievance handling.Their composition, by kebele would be as follows:  Kebele land use expert (1)  Representative from PAP who is well respected and with proven skills in dispute resolution (1)  Female representative (2)  Kebele land committee (1) as Chairperson.

206. Land redistribution Grievance Redressal Committee: According to the Directive on Irrigation Land Redistribution, a Committee for Compliant Inquiry and Monitoring shall be elected at the Kebele level by land holders affected at the kebele level to deal with grievance-relating to land redistribution. As this committee is specifically formed to support the land redistribution process, the committee can be formed construction of Phase Ia is nearing completion. The Committee will have 3-5 members of which two shall be women. The duties & responsibilities of the Committee are to:  ensuretheproperregistrationofbothlandsusedfortheirrigationinfrastructureanddeveloped throughirrigation.  monitorimplementationofirrigationlandmeasurement,registrationandredistributionasperthe directive.  acceptcomplaintsofbeneficiaries,makesaninquiryandensuresitsproperexecutionasperthe directive. ;  reporttothecommunitywhichhaselectedhim/heraboutthelandregistrationandredistribution process.

207. First level of grievance handling will involve physical verification upon receipt of any grievance such as inaccurate measurement of impacted asset, loss of access, damage to structures, crops during construction, counting of trees etc. that do not involve immediate monetary implications. The physical verification and certification will be carried out by the WPIT members in presence of PAPs and appropriate documentation would be done. They would draw upon other stakeholders/partner institutions as required. Response would be provided to the concerned PAP within 7-10 days of receipt of grievance. The GRC will normally meet once in a month but may meet more frequently, if the situation so demands. A total time period of 45 days will be available for redressing the grievance of EPs. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP has the option of taking recourse to the court of law, if he/she so desires. 208. Functions of GRC are as under: i) Record the grievances of PAPs, categorize and prioritize them and provide solution to their grievances related to compensation and other issues; ii) The GRC may undertake site visit, ask for relevant information from Project Authority and other government and non-government agencies, etc. in order to resolve the grievances of PAPs;

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iii) Fix a time frame within the stipulated time period of 45 days for resolving the grievance; and iv) Inform PAPs through WPITs about the status of their case and their decision to PAPs for compliance

209. A separate office space shall be provided for at the Kebele and Woredas to enable complainant or aggrieved persons (i.e. including non-PAPs or beneficiaries) to register their grievances in written form. If the aggrieved person is illiterate, kebele or Woreda administration shall provide appropriate support as the case may be to register his complaint/grievance in written. The complainant shall have to record details in the grievance lodging format as given below: a) for name of the pleader and the defendant along with contact their details and address. b) details of the disputed parcel i.e. neighbouring land holders in all directions, size of their plots and plot ID c) cause of the dispute which could be (i) dispute attributed to inheritance, (ii) dispute attributed to donation, (iii) dispute attributed to divorce; (iv) dispute attribute to exchange of parcels, (v) dispute attributed to possessory right, (vi) dispossessing illegal land holder; (vii) dispute attributed to rent; (viii) dispute in relation to amount of compensation; (ix) other (specify) d) to indicate to whom s/he is submitting the application i.e. either the court, or office or kebele committee, arbitral institution, or any other. e) to indicate as how he intends to follow the process i.e. by reviewing documents in the office or inspecting land at site, etc. f) of space for names of all reviewers and their signatures, besides for the Head of the office, if s/he had participated in the reviewing the issue.

210. The decision of the GRC will not be binding to PAPs. The PAP has the option of taking recourse to the court of law" if he/she so desires. Box 14.1 lists a few essentials in handling of grievances and these too shall be covered during training programs for officials. Box 15.1 – Essentials in Grievance Redressal  Acknowledge dissatisfaction: Accept that the physical or economic displacement due to a development shall generate grievances, rather than ignore or turn away  Effective listening: Careful listening to elicit information regarding the grievance shall help to accurately define the problem  Separate facts from fiction: Ask for facts and record it (preferably by the PAP himself). If illiterate, provide support as necessary;  Quick turn-around: Take optimum time to analyse ascertain and decide and finally communicate the decision to the PAP. Keep communicating with PAPs in case of delays  Follow-up: If decision requires a follow up action, take it soonest to instil confidence in the PAP regarding the grievance mechanisms and process 14.5 Woreda level Grievance Redressal 211. This committee will be If not redressed at the kebele level, the issue would be taken to Woreda level committee for redressal. A committee to addressing matters relating to compensation operates at the Woreda level. Libo- kemkem Woreda has already formed a Committee which is composed of:  Ato Semegnehu Engida, Grievance redress officer of Libokemkem Wereda  Ato Tadele Eseye, Administration officer at Libokemkem Wereda Council  W/t Yalga Gebresilassie, Officer at Libokemkem Wereda Women, Youth and Children office

212. At Fogera, the Administrator would nominate three (3) persons who are well-versed with legislations. Preferably these would be representatives from different departments within the Woredas such as OoEPLAU, WoARD and Woreda Urban Administration Office and Women’s Affairs Office as that would ensure that the committee is well represented and is therefore capable of professional advice on issues from all perspectives. As per MoU between ANRS and MoWIE, the Woreda Administrator would have only a facilitating role in redressing

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grievances and thereby avoid any conflict of interest. In addition to the above, it is suggested that at both woreda committee one member who is not related to the Woreda administration but is well respected, has knowledge of such land related issues with proven skills in conflict and grievance handling.be included as a member of the greivance mechanism.

14.6 Regional level Grievance Redressal 213. If not redressed at the Woreda level, a Grievance Committee comprising of Regional Administration and members of BoEPLAU shall hear the grievance and provide solutions for compensation cases. The Committee will have the additional task of providing training in grievance resolution, and keeping informed the RPCO and MOWIE of the status, required actions, as necessary. Its decisions’ would be deemed to be final failing which PAP shall have the recourse to legal system/court.

14.7 Time Frame for Operation 214. The grievance mechanisms specific to the project will remain operational till  after completion of RAP implementation  Issues of different nature will come post redistribution particularly as activities under Component 2 of the project will commence

These committees will be continued or be merged with the regular Kebele and Woreda grievance committee cell asmutually agreedand uponbyacareful monitoringofthegrievances received,addressed;pendingand/or referred forarbitration/court.

SeeAppendix 15.1 forSampleGrievance Format.

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ANNEXURES

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Annexure 2.1

List of documents referred

1. Project Appraisal Document, ENIDP, 2007 2. Resettlement Policy Framework of ENIDP, 2007 3. Feasibility Study of the Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project, TAHAL Consulting Group, 2011 4. Annual Action Plan of BoEPLAU, Amhara Region, 2012 5. Environment and Social Impact Assessment of Ribb Irrigation & Drainage Project, BRL Ingenierie, 2010 6. Resettlement Action Plan of Ribb Dam by Beza Beza Consulting Engineers PLC, 2010 7. Statistical Abstract, 2009 of Central Statistical Agency, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 8. Applicable legal instruments including relevant proclamations of Amhara Region, FDRE and ENIDP 9. Proclamation No. 814/2014 – A Proclamation on Irrigation Water Users Associations, Federal Negarit Gazette of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia 10. Summary and Statistical Report of 2007 Population and Housing census, by Population Census Commission, FDRE 11. Gender Mainstreaming Field Manual, MoWIE, FDRE 12. National Strategic Plan for Malaria Prevention, Control and Elimination in Ethiopia (2010-2015), Ministry of Health, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, 2009 13. Constraints, Capacity Gaps and Proposed Thematic Areas for the Capacity Building of Farmers and Farmer’s based Organizations at Ribb and Megech Irrigation Projects, 2010 14. Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement, The World Bank, 2001 (and revised in 2011) 15. Development of Matching Grant Mechanism, Final Report, ENDIP, MoWR, 2010 16. Project Implementation Manual – ENIDP

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Annexure 3.1

Household Baseline/Census findings for Phase I and By Woreda Parameter Unit Phase I By Woreda (both woredas) Libo-Kemkem Fogera Gender Male % 53.06 53.03 53.07 Female % 46.94 46.97 46.93 Marital Status Single % 43.18 50.03 40.71 Married % 48.32 41.24 50.86 Divorced % 2.73 2.39 2.86 Widow/Widower % 4.49 5.49 4.13 Separated % 1.28 0.84 1.44 Education levels Illiterate % 53.32 59.22 51.20 Read and write % 14.79 9.94 16.53 Pre school % 2.01 0.58 2.52 Grade (1-4) % 8.18 9.35 7.76 Grade (5-8) % 11.36 10.06 11.82 Grade (9-10) % 6.85 5.32 7.39 Grade (11-12) % 1.10 0.97 1.14 Vocation/College % 2.40 4.55 1.63 Physical condition/ Health status Handicap by birth % 0.46 1.16 0.27 chronic problems % 0.97 2.00 0.01 No illness/ healthy % 98.72 96.84 99.60 Employment Yes % 68.82 71.34 67.92 No % 31.18 28.66 32.08 Occupation Farming % 57.75 95.20 43.61 Government % 0.17 0.54 0.03 Private service % 0.02 0.09 0 Daily labour % 0.05 0.18 0 Workshop % 0 0 0 Business (Hotel) % 0 0 0 Spinning % 0.07 0 0.1 Petty Trading % 0.17 0.09 0.21 Livestock % 9.40 1.54 12.37 Others % 1.19 0 1.64 multiple occupations % 31.16 2.35 42.04 Source of Income Agriculture % 95.83 93.85 97 Animal By products, sale of cattle % 0.95 1.78 0.47 Land rented/Lease Out % 2.26 2.78 1.96 Employment of family members, % 0.20 0.13 0.25 Petty Trading % 0.04 0.03 0.04 Financial support by family members and relatives, % 0.15 0.09 0.19 pension, remittance Business % 0 1.10 0 Annual income and its distribution by range

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Household Baseline/Census findings for Phase I and By Woreda Parameter Unit Phase I By Woreda (both woredas) Libo-Kemkem Fogera Average Annual income ETB 30949.92 47694.12 25661.02 <2000 % 0.55 0.91 0.43 2001-5000 % 1.04 1.14 1.01 5001-10000 % 12.22 5.00 14.5 10001-15000 % 11.84 7.95 13.07 15001 to 25000 % 26.95 12.50 31.51 Above 25000 % 47.30 72.50 39.34 Items of Expenditure Average Annual Expenditure ETB 13702.80 18571.08 8834.53 Land Rented % 3.05 4.52 1.96 Consumables (Grains consumed x market price), % 21.14 24.87 18.36 Other consumables (salt, sugar, oil, etc.) Medical Care, Education, Clothing, House % 22.93 22.10 23.55 Maintenance/Building, Energy, Water, Transport, Electricity % 5.81 6.80 5.07 Farm Tools, Inputs, (Fertilizer/Pesticide/Seed, etc.), % 14.31 14.50 14.18 Hiring Labor, Livestock feed, Animal Health, Buying Animals % 9.09 8.30 9.68 Taxes/Payments, Debt Repayment % 1 12.9 1.63 Social / Religious Ceremonies % 22 17.62 25.58 Distribution of Expenditure by range <2000 % 4.13 0.40 5.46 2001-5000 % 18.49 6.26 22.83 5001-10000 % 12.82 21.01 9.91 10001-15000 % 47.14 29.29 53.48 15001 to 25000 % 10.33 19.60 7.04 Above 25000 % 7.10 23.43 1.29 Livestock holding by number of surveyed PAH Buffalo Nos.(%) 1089(59) 362(82) 727 (43) Donkey Nos. (%) 723(39) 189(43) 534 (32) Sheep Nos. (%) 121(7) 95(22) 26 (2) Mule Nos. (%) 1054(58) 226(51) 828 (49) Goat Nos. (%) 69(4) 57(13) 12 (1) Chickens Nos. (%) 1558(85) 328(75) 1230 (74) Project Awareness Yes % 95 96 94 No % 5 4 6 Source of awareness Radio % 1 0 2 newspaper % 0 0 0 kebele officials % 42 60 24 kebele consultations and survey % 43 25 60 workshops % 1 0 1 others % 9 0 12 multiple source % 5 15 2 Deemed positive impacts Increase in land productivity % 1.91 5.91 1 Assured water supply % 1.15 - 2 Temporary work opportunities % 2.24 - 3

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Household Baseline/Census findings for Phase I and By Woreda Parameter Unit Phase I By Woreda (both woredas) Libo-Kemkem Fogera Increase in business opportunity % - - - Increase in no. of crops/season % - - - Membership of Water user groups % - - - Increase in market access % - - - Increase in facilities in the area % 0.11 - - any two of the benefits perceived % 25.80 19.32 28 more than 2 benefits perceived % 68.74 74.77 67 Perceived adverse impacts Loss of land, structures % 28.10 11.82 33.24 Pressure on existing infrastructure % 0.82 0.68 0.86 Conflict with outsiders % 4.47 2.73 5.03 Increase in accidents % 13.91 3.64 17.16 Perceived multiple impacts (more than one of the % 33.99 53.18 27.93 above) Perceived multiple impacts (more than two of the % 18.71 27.95 15.79 above) Opinion- Positive or Negative or Can’t Say Good % 77.03 84.32 74.73 Bad (not useful) % 8.89 0.23 11.63 Can’t Say % 14.13 15.68 13.64 Enrolment In Programs – Government./NGOs Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) % 0 0 0 Malaria Nets % 9.87 40.45 0.22 Household Asset Building Program % 0.05 0.23 0 Livelihood Extension packages % 0.38 0 0.5 Crop improvements % 0.38 1.14 0.14 Skill development(men/women) % 0.55 2.27 0 at least two of the above programs % 19.59 28.41 16.80 more than 2 programs % 29.57 15 34.17 no program, not aware, could not recall % 39.61 12.50 48.17 Type of Support and Assistances expected under the Project Trainings on crop practices % 0.16 0.45 0.07 Seed inputs % 0.27 0.45 0.22 Credit facilities % 0.82 0.91 0.79 Water Management/conservation practices % 0.65 - 0.86 Fertilizers % 2.45 0.23 3.23 Trainings on Market related activities % 0.16 - 0.14 Financial literacy % 0 - - Skill development % 0.11 - 0.14 At least any two of the above % 30.44 14.55 35.46 more than two of the above % 64.76 83.41 58.87

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Annexure 3.2

Socio-Economic Survey findings for Phase I and By Woreda

Parameter RIDP Phase I Fogera Woreda Libokemkem Woreda Membership of Community organization/ Cooperative Society Idir 36.81 43.79 0 Ikub 0.55 0.65 0 Cooperative Society 32.97 39.22 0 Informal labour exchange groups (wonfel, debo, jigi, etc 15.93 100 Idir and informal labor exchange groups 0.55 0.65 0 Multiple membership 13.19 15.69 0 Member of Cooperative Society Multipurpose Agricultural Cooperative society 0 0 3.85 Water Users Association 7.95 9.33 0 Savings and Credit Association 67.05 78.67 0 other (specify) 24.43 12 96.15 If not a member, then reasons CBOs and Cooperative Societies are not established 68.06 4.17 100 do not like to join them 19.44 58.33 0 unable to fulfill financial obligation 6.94 20.83 0 other 5.56 16.67 0 Major problems in the project area poor road 2.79 3.36 1.52 Lack of market place 5.12 4.03 7.58 Malaria 13.49 12.75 15.15 poor water supply 25.12 34.90 3.03 multiple responses 53.49 44.97 72.73 Heard about HIV/Aids epidemic in your area Yes 96.50 96.10 97.33 No 3.50 3.90 2.67 Measures against HIV/Aids Prohibition 4.85 4.55 5.48 limited to monogamous sex 0 48.70 95.52 Use of condom 0 25.32 0 AI 0 3.25 0 Others 0 0 0 multiple responses 12.33 18.18 0 Malaria prevalence in the area Yes 93.89 85.33 98.05 No 6.11 14.67 1.95

Preventive Measures against Malaria Mosquito net 4.85 4.55 5.48 Home chemical spray 63.44 48.70 94.52 Drain marshy places 17.18 25.32 0

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Parameter RIDP Phase I Fogera Woreda Libokemkem Woreda Others 2.20 3.25 0 multiple responses 12.33 18.18 0 Major diseases in family in the last 1 year Malaria 21.59 11.61 39.06 Malaria and others (skin infection, diarrhea, etc.) 56.25 63.39 43.75 HIV/AIDS 0.57 1.57 0 Sources of Drinking Water Supply river 10.96 13.07 6.67 hand dug well 29.39 9.80 69.33 pond 3.51 5.23 0 non-protected spring 0.88 0.64 1.33 Protected spring 14.04 20.92 0 Deep wells 0 14.38 2.67 Lake 0 0 0 Piped Water 0 0 0 Others 0 1.96 multiple responses 59.65 33.99 21.33 Technical Problem related to Water Supply Quantity shortage 13.40 20.11 0.0 Reliability 3.83 5.11 1.39 Quality (Taste, Wet and Dry seasons) 33.01 44.53 11.11 Others 5.74 8.76 0 multiple responses 77.03 21.17 87.50 Daily water consumption (in Ensera) less than or equal to 2 litres 45.11 59 3.03 2-5 litres 13.53 9 27.27 5-15 1.5 2 0 15-30 11.28 15 0 above 30 28.57 15 67.30

Chemical used to clean water Chlorine 11.52 16.89 0 Wuhagar 73.27 66.22 88.41 Others 10.14 13.51 2.90 multiple responses 5.07 3.38 8.70 Types and availability of Waste Disposal Facilities Flust Toilet 0.90 0 2.74 Pit Latrine 4.52 0 13.70 Fields 40.27 47.97 24.66 Corner of compound 23.98 26.35 19.18 Others 0 0 0 multiple responses 30.02 25.68 39.73 Reasons for not having latrine Lack of capital 5.85 4.55 8.93 lack of labor to dig the pit 2.66 0.76 7.14 Lack of space in the compound 1.06 0 3.57

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Parameter RIDP Phase I Fogera Woreda Libokemkem Woreda don’t see the importance. 57.45 68.94 30.06 Others 28.19 21.21 44.64 multiple responses 4.55 4.55 5.36 Are there Children not attending school Yes 66.06 55.92 88.41 No 33.94 44.08 11.59

Reasons for not attending school School very far 13.55 22.73 1.49 No money for school materials (books) 1.29 2.27 0 No money for school clothes (and food) 0 0 Child has to support the family in agriculture and domestic works 30.32 40.91 16.42 early marriage 2.58 0 5.97 under school age 23.23 5.68 46.27 behavioural problem 1.29 0 2.99 change of residence 0 0 Have no child 1.29 2.27 0 Others 0.65 1.14 0 multiple responses 25.81 23.86 26.87 Received any credit services during last year Yes 18.83 9.27 38.89 No 81.17 90.73 61.11 Purposes of borrowing agricultural input purchase 77.50 61.54 85.19 livestock purchase 5 0 7.41 household consumption 5 15.38 0 business activities 2.5 7.69 0 settle another credit (debt services) 0 0 0 others 2.5 0 3.7 multiple responses 7.5 15.38 0 Where did you borrow money Traditional Institutions (Ekub/Eder) 2.50 7.14 0 friends relatives neighbors 27.50 78.57 0 local money lenders 0 0 0 micro finance institutions 55 7.14 80.77 cooperatives 0 0 0 Others specify 2.5 0 3,58 multiple responses 12.5 7.14 15.38 How much did you borrow last year (in Birr) 800 - 9600 Major constraints in borrowing higher interest rate 58.82 68.97 23.81 lack of information on availability of credit 17.65 2.07 71.43 lack of collateral 9.63 12.41 0.00 others specify 11.76 13.79 4.76

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Parameter RIDP Phase I Fogera Woreda Libokemkem Woreda multiple responses 2.14 2.76 0 How did you meet your agri./capital need Sale own assets 20.75 22.88 14.63 borrow from friends and relatives 35.85 37.29 31.71 sale of livestock 9.43 0 36.59 borrow from local money lenders 1.89 2.54 2.55 Others 26.42 34.75 .2.44 multiple responses 5.66 2.54 14.63 Type of Energy used Kerosene 0 0 0 Wood 22.67 32.67 1.41 animal dung 0.44 0.65 0 charcoal 4 5.84 0 crop residue 0 0 0 Others 0 0 0 Multiple sources 72.89 61.04 98.59 Source of Energy Own "plot of wood/forest 5.41 5.23 5.80 Own farms 15.32 20.26 4.35 leftover in land preparation 0.45 0 0 natural forest 0 0 0 natural shrub/grazing land 0 0 1.45 kebele plantation 0.90 0 0 Surrounding farms 1.35 0 0 Market 0 1.96 0 Others 0 0 Multiple responses 76.58 72.55 88.41 Do you have own transportation Yes 64.25 67.11 57.97 No 35.75 32.89 42.03 Which ways do you use to transport agricultural products Farm handcart 0 0 0 animal driven carts 0 0 0 carry by yourself 32.54 30.14 38.10 pack animals 66.99 69.86 60.32 motor vehicles 0 0 0 multiple options 0.48 1.59 0 Cultivating under irrigation, what are your sources river 0 100 96.67 well 0 0 0 individual rain water storage 0 0 0 Collective Rain water 0 0 0 Lake Tana 0 0 0 Others 0 0 1.67 Multiple 0 0 0.47

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Parameter RIDP Phase I Fogera Woreda Libokemkem Woreda Do you use supplementary irrigation for crop production Yes 85.88 80.58 94.03 No 14.12 19.42 5.97 Major crops grown under supplementary irrigation Horticultural crops 1.38 1.97 0 cereal crops 82.49 75.66 98.46 oil seeds 0 0 0 pulses 0 0 0 perennials 7.39 10.53 0 Others 6.91 9.87 0 Multiple responses 1.84 1.97 1.54

Major crops under rain fed conditions Horticultural crops 0.45 0 1.45 Cereal crops 61.71 83.66 13.04 oil seeds 0.45 0.65 0 pulses 0 0 0 Perennials 1.80 2.61 0 Others(specify) 0 0 0 Multiple response 35.59 13.07 85.51 What is source to till the land Oxen 91.89 88.51 98.65 cows 0 0 0 horses 0 0 0 donkey 0 0 0 tractor 0 0 0 own and family labor 5.41 8.11 0 Others specify 0.45 0.68 0 Multiple 2.25 2.7 1.35 Where do you get your agricultural input cooperative union 5.61 6.99 2.82 private suppliers 67.76 83.22 36.62 government 6.54 19.72 Others 0 0 multiple source 20.09 9.79 38.03 Major constraints to agricultural production Animal Diseases 5.48 7.89 0 feed problem 0.97 1.32 0 money or credit facilities 15.07 21.71 0 supply of improved seeds 0.91 0 0 supply of fertilizer 0.91 1.32 0 existence of roads and markets 0 1.32 0 shortage of veterinary services and drugs 0 0 0 lack of know how and extension 0 0 0 shortage of water 0 0 0

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Parameter RIDP Phase I Fogera Woreda Libokemkem Woreda multiple reasons 76.66 66.45 100 Major types of veterinary services provided in your area Cattle vaccination 28.37 40.94 0 Sheep and goat vaccination 0 0 Livestock treatment for external parasite 4.65 0 15.15 Livestock treatment for internal parasite 7.91 1.34 22.73 artificial insemination 0 0 Castration 0 0 multiple services 59.07 57.72 62.12 Major source of water for livestock River 54.11 67.83 23.44 traditional well 28.50 23.78 39.06 pond 0.97 1.40 spring 4.83 6.99 lake 0.48 0 1.56 multiple sources 11.11 0 35.94 Cattle feed sources Communal Grazing Land 31.88 43.17 8.82 Private Grazing Land 0.48 0 1.47 Fallow Land 0 0 0 Swampy Areas 0 0 0 Road Side 0 0 0 Hilly and Sloppy Areas 0 0 0 Shrub/Bush Land 0 0 0 Crop residue 0 0 0 Multiple 67.64 56.83 89.71 Type of material used for roof of house Grass 31.44 42.21 9.33 Corrugated iron sheet 68.56 57.79 90.67 Others 0 0 0 Type of material for floor of house Mud 99.13 100 97.33 Stone 0 0 Cement screed 0 0 1.33 Bamboo splits 0.44 0 Multiple sources 0.44 0 1.33

Type of material for wall of house Wood and mud 100 100 100 wood only 0 0 0 bamboo and mud 0 0 0 hollow blocks 0 0 0 Others 0 0 0

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Annexure 4.1

List of Officials met*

Name Designation Mobile No./Email MoWIE Ato Solomon Cherie Director Irrigation (former NPC) 911887678

NPCO Ato Bayu Nuru Mohammed National Project Coordinator RPCO Mr Arnaud Durand Team Leader, Ingenierie - PMC [email protected]> RPCO Ato Sintayehu Kassa RPC (former Head – Land Adminstration and Use, BoEPLAU) Regional BoEPLAU Ato Bayeh Tiruneh Deputy Head, BoEPLAU Ato Mehretu Dagnew Libo-kemkem Woreda Woreda’s Administration and Grievance Gizachew Geremew Head Afe Gubae 0918048199 Simegnew Engida Head Grievance Office 0918043092 Woreda EPLAU Ato Sitotaw Yimer Office head .0918048129 Woreda Health Office Moges Asmare Deputy head of the office 0918773084 Nega Bekele. Expert in malaria and vectors caused diseases 0918645477 Tsigie G/Mariam Expert in hygiene and sanitation 0918710967 Woreda’s Women Affairs Office Ambaw Fentie Expert 0918806827 Negestat Tesema Expert 0913751345 Nega G/Wolid Expert 0918710699

Fogera Woreda Woreda Health Office Sister Rhadu Yalew, Head Melak Experts Yohannis (experts) Expert Woreda’s Women Affairs Office Mulu Nigusis Expert, Head position (currently designated)

Agriculture Office Azmeraw Minlargih, Head of the Agricultural Office 0918280930 Begashaw Asnakew Expert, Irrigation section 0918767431 Demissie Mulualem. Expert Irrigation section: 0918094098 *officials met in March 2013

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Annexure 6.1 – Key Definitions

Some of the key definitions from the RPF are reproduced below: (i) “Involuntary Displacement” means the involuntary taking of land resulting in direct or indirect economic and social impacts caused by: a) Loss of benefits from use of such land; b) relocation or loss of shelter; c) loss of assets or access to assets; or d) loss of income sources or means of livelihood, whether or not the project affected person has moved to another location.

(ii) “Census” means a field survey carried out to identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons (PAP), their assets, and potential impacts; in accordance with the procedures, satisfactory to the relevant government authorities, and the World Bank Safeguard Policies. The meaning of the word shall also embrace the criteria for eligibility for compensation, resettlement and other measures, emanating from consultations with affected communities and the Local Leaders.

(iii) Compensation” means the payment in kind, cash or other assets given in exchange for the taking of land, or loss of other assets, including fixed assets thereon, in part or whole.

(iv) Cut-off date” is the date of commencement of the census of PAPs within the project area boundaries. This is the date on and beyond which any person whose land is occupied for project use, will not be eligible for compensation.

(v) ”Replacement cost” means replacement of assets with an amount sufficient to cover full replacement cost of lost assets and related transaction costs. In terms of land, this may be categorized as follows;

(vi). “Replacement cost for agricultural land” means the pre-project or pre-displacement, whichever is higher, value of land of equal productive potential or use located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the costs of:  preparing the land to levels similar to those of the affected land;  any registration, transfer taxes and other associated fees;

(vi) “Replacement cost for houses and other structures” means the prevailing cost of replacing affected structures of the quality similar to or better than that of the affected structures, in an area and. Such costs shall include: a) Building materials b) transporting building materials to the construction site; c) any labour and contractors’ fees; and d) any registration costs.

(vii) Resettlement Assistance” means the measures to ensure that project affected persons who may require to be physically relocated are provided with assistance such as moving allowances, residential housing or rentals which ever is feasible and as required, for ease of resettlement during relocation,

(viii) Affected Individual– An individual who suffers loss of assets or investments, land and property and/or access to natural and/or economic resources as a result of the sub-project activities and to whom compensation is due. For example, an affected individual is a person who farms a land, or who has built a structure on land that is now required by a sub project for purposes other than farming or residence by the initial individuals.

(ix) Affected Household – A household is affected if one or more of its members is affected by sub-project activities, either by loss of property, land, loss of access, or otherwise affected in any way by project activities. This provides for:  any members in the households, men, women, children, dependent relatives and friends, tenants;  vulnerable individuals who may be too old or ill to farm along with the others;  relatives who depend on one another for their daily existence;

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 relatives who may not eat together but provide housekeeping and other domestic choirs, and  other vulnerable people who cannot participate for physical or cultural reasons in production, consumption, or co- residence.

(x) Affected local community– A community is affected if project activities affect their socio-economic and/or social-cultural relationships or cohesion. For example project activities could lead into such improvement of socio-economic welfare that class- consciousness arises coupled with cultural erosion etc. This is not likely given the anticipated scale of the EIDP subprojects, but must be taken into account.

(xi) Vulnerable Households- Vulnerable households may have different land needs from most households or needs unrelated to the amount of land available to them. Vulnerable households are:

(a) Indigenous peoples / pastoralists - are often closely tied to their traditional or customary lands and natural resources on these lands, but these lands may not be under legal ownership pursuant to national law. Due to that any form of resettlement embodies for indigenous people more serious risks than for any other populations and should consequently be avoided. If this is not feasible, the indigenous peoples’ land use will be documented by experts in collaboration with the affected households without prejudicing any land claim, the affected indigenous people will be informed of their rights with respect to these lands under national laws, including any national law recognizing customary rights or use, the projects will offer affected indigenous peoples at least compensation and due process available to those with full legal title to land in the case of commercial development of their land under national laws, together with culturally appropriate development opportunities; land-based compensation or compensation-in-kind will be offered in lieu of cash compensation where feasible and the projects will enter into good faith negotiation with the affected indigenous peoples, and document their informed participation and the successful outcome of the negotiation.

(b) Unmarried women– who may be dependent on sons, brothers, or others for support. Since an affected individual is able to name the person with whom s/he is linked in dependency as part of the household, resettlement will not sever this link.

(c) Elderly – elderly people farm or work as long as they are able. Their economic viability may depend on how much land they farm or how much they produce because, by producing even small amounts of food to “exchange” with others, they can subsist on cooked food and generous return gifts of cereal from people such as their kith and kin and neighbours. Losing land will affect their economic viability. What would damage their economic viability even more than losing land is resettlement that separates them from the person or household on whom they depend for their support. The definition of household by including dependents avoids this.

(d) HIV/AIDS afflicted persons – relatively high percentages of the poor and total population are living with HIV or are terminally ill with AIDS. Many are beneficiaries of numerous health programs from government (central and local), international organizations and the NGO community.

(e) Woman-headed households– may depend on husbands, sons, brothers, or others for support. However, in other cases too, women are the main breadwinners in their household even where the men have remained with the family. Women therefore need relatively easy access to health service facilities, as mothers and wives. For example, where the land being acquired is used by a woman with no formal rights to it or a woman who is dependent on a man other than her husband for her primary income. These women should not be resettled in a way that separates them from their households as the very survival of their households may depend on them. Their compensation must take into account all these factors.

(f) Small-scale female farmers- are also vulnerable because they may not have men available within the household to carry out male specific land preparation tasks such as ringing trees, clearing or ploughing land. Either male relative in other households help them voluntarily, or they hire men for cash, or food. Land compensation specifically includes the labor costs of preparing a new land, so these women are provided for by the compensation plan.

(g) Non-farming females– these earn income from other sources and/or depend on relatives for “exchanges” of staple foods.

Other definitions:

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Subsistence crops: Subsistence crops are crops produced by subsistence agriculture to meet the domestic consumption needs of the farmer to live on and not for commercial purpose.

Non-eucalyptus trees (or Indigenous): Non-eucalyptus tree are natural/indigenous plants, other than eucalyptus, grown naturally by themselves and not grown by farmer/land holder e.g. Acacia, wanza, warka, abalo, misana etc .

Perennial crops: Crops that have a life period of more than two years e.g. Mango, lemon, papaya, etc

Fruit trees: Fruit crops are usually perennial crops because they live for more than two years i.e. a tree that bears edible fruits, e.g. Mango, Papaya, etc.

Private grazing land: private grazing land is a land owned by individual farmer/s and used for grazing. The land holding certificate book bears this information under one column “Land Use Type”. The Land Use Type can be Annual Crop Land, Irrigated Land, Grazing Land, Homestead, etc.

Local communal grazing: While private grazing land belongs to an individual so only the holder of the land uses the land for grazing, local communal grazing land the land is legally registered as Kebele (in turn state) holding and used for animal grazing for the nearby farmers. Anybody living in the locality can use the land for grazing because it is communal land.

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`Ministry of Water. Irrigation and Energy, Government of Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project Ethiopia

Annexure 12.1 – Project Fact Sheet

Know Your Project (to be translated in Amharic)

Q. Road access particularly in rainy season is serious Q. What is Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project? problem in the kebele currently. Is there any immediate A. The RIDP intends to transform rainfed subsistence solution for this? agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. The A. One of the benefits of the project is road access. project proposes to irrigate 14,460 ha of the command Particularly in the construction phase there will be more area of kebeles in Fogera and Libo-kemkem woredas and permanent roads. Thus, in that time the problem will using water stored behind the Ribb Dam, now under be solved for good. construction and released into the Ribb River and then distributed by gravity to kebeles in your area. The project Q.If land is not to be redistributed to landless people, how will encompass flood control, drainage, and poverty can be eliminated? supplementary plus dry season irrigation. It would allow A. Firstly to get benefit from Rib irrigation and drainage improved cropping in the dry season. Associated drainage project, you have to have your own farmland. Landless and flood protection measures would improve conditions people will be benefited from temporary job opportunity for wet season agriculture. It is funded by an and small business works rather than agricultural international donor agency – The World Bank. The production. project is being implemented in two Phases. Phase I comprises parts of the command area from Libo-kemkem Q. We are hearing that land redistribution will be made and Fogera Woredas that lie to the east of the Bahir Dar in the project affected kebeles. It is not clear. What is the to Gondar road are covered under Phase I and rest in need to do so? Phase II. A. Some portion of lands in the command area is going to Phase I will cover 3000 ha and comprise the following be taken for the construction of the irrigation kebeles: Diba Sifatra, Ribb Gebriel, parts of Awua Kokit infrastructure (primarily canals, night storage ponds, and Thiwa Zakena kebeles in Fogera. In Libo-kemkem, it access roads, etc) on temporary or permanent basis. Some will comprise 4 kebeles, namely – Angot Agela and Bira farmers may be affected by the route of the canals, night Abo and parts of Bura Eigizibiheri Kab and Shina Tsion. storage reservoirs, etc. while others may not be. Those who are losing their land for the construction of the Construction work in Phase I will begin between Megabit irrigation infrastructure, in compliance with the 2007 (March 2015) or Sene 2007 (June 2015) middle of directives and guidelines, shall get cash compensation for 2015 and continue for a period of 30 months till Tahisas the temporary loss of income due to loss of crop 2010. Phase II of the project covering the balance 11460 production during construction phase. They will be paid ha will be implemented after that. this compensation annually until they get proportional Q. What is the scheme of the project or the government irrigable land. related to marketing problem in which many farmers In general, percentage of land required for the irrigation suffered a lot? infrastructure development from the total command area A. Proper marketing chains will be established. shall be deducted from every holder and consequently Moreover, all-weather-road will be opened for each land redistribution. Thereby those who are not directly project affected kebeles to facilitate transportation access. affected by the construction of irrigation infrastructure Trainings will also be given in relation to marketing. are expected to contribute for the land redistribution There shall also be association as Water Users Association process. who will be responsible for the market search. Q. If the irrigation structures are to cause destruction of Appropriate arrangement shall be made with the help of our churches, irrespective of the significance of this the government for the marketing. irrigation and drainage project, implementation of project is opposed?

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Church and such cultural assets have been carefully Q. By this time we have been using the Ribb River for avoided. The project has differently sized canals. Of these, small scale irrigation and have been growing vegetables tertiary canal was designed to pass through the church like onion. Why does the project stop the river from mistakenly. By its nature, tertiary canal is easy to change coming to the downstream and hence we are facing a its direction than others. Thus the church and such serious shortage of water? sensitive assets will not be touched and alternative A. It is clear that there is water shortage in dry season as methods will be used to deliver the water to farmers. it was common in the last 3-4 years. The project hasn’t Q. Is it true that the project will force farmers to grow stopped the water in the reservoir area. The reason for the only onion and tomato as well as Teff rather than our reduced flow of the river can be: natural water decline in staple food “Rice”. the sources or may be due to presence of many water beneficiaries in upper kebeles like Rib Gebriel and A. The aim of project is not to force farmers what type of Wotemb using water pumps. crops to grow but to help understand better crop practices, water management practices etc. with provision Q. What methods can the project show for farmers for of farm inputs. Farmers have an absolute freedom to grow water efficient utilization? any type of crop which they want. A. If farmers are to show the demand in household Q. We have legal inheritance but we have no the land surveys for training in relation to water management, any certificate. How can we get the compensation? possible support will be done. A. Come to the Woreda Land Administration and Environmental Protection Office to get it processed. Q. Do we have a chance to visit those areas which have been beneficiaries of such irrigation projects? Q. Is compensation to be effected ahead of the construction phase of the project? A. This is an important question. You will visit already implemented irrigation projects and the ongoing progress A. Yes indeed. Compensation for affected assets shall be of Rib Dam construction at Ebinat to see and understand made before the land take. The exact time may not be for yourself. known for the time being but it is for sure before construction. Q. My name is not listed even though the irrigation canal will pass on my farm land? Q. Is there any solution proposed for ground water over flooding A. May be due to boundary problem with another kebele. In such cases special discussion will take place and you A. Project infrastructure will be such that it will drain will be invited when the other kebele is under unnecessary and excess water, and thus also prevent consideration. waterlogging and providing a breeding ground for mosquitos and thereby diseases. Q. The current address of the guardian is not known. But his sister received the land certificate through his name. Q. Farmers have fragmented crop lands having Can she take the compensation? productivity difference. How many fragmented plots are allowed to get? How does the project compromise the A. If the kebele administration officials can assure this, it productivity potential difference among the lands? will be considered

A. As per the land administration proclamation of Q.One of our brother’s daughter was a family with our Amhara Region, fragmented lands should not exceed two. mother in land distribution time. After the death of our As far as productivity difference is concerned, the land mother many of us with that girl got the chance of administration proclamation allows having more or less inheritance. For whom the compensation will be? the same productive potential to be used for compensation. As a matter of fact, large difference is not A. The owner of the asset as per land holding book is still expected in plain lands. Anyway, it will be taken into the former (who passed away). The compensation will be consideration. considered as decided by the grievance committee or if not resolved after the court justice is disclosed or announced

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Q. Boundary written in my land certificate for my crop A. Women’s Associations can teach people in neighboring land isn’t found in the actual land but my own isn’t communities on how the project can benefit them. recorded. What shall I do? Besides women’s affairs office of your Woreda shall actively involve themselves in this project. A. If concerned committee and witness farmers assured this, it will be recorded and the mistake will be corrected. Q. What are these Water User Associations? What are they supposed to do? Q. We exchanged our land horizontally i.e by ourselves.

How the compensation is to be administered? Recently the government of our country has brought out A. Unless it is put in the land holding book, the a proclamation 841/2014 for the benefit of water users in compensation will be paid to those having the legal title. modern Irrigation and Drainage projects such as the RIDP. The objectives of forming an association are Q. Some farmers have crop lands which was obtained as a described as to: form of “gift”. Can they get the compensation?  manage an I&D system wholly or partly in its service A. Compensation will be processed only for those area and provide water equitably to its members and individuals who have legal land certificate in their land. to supply irrigation water and drainage services to its members; Q. How the project is to support vulnerable groups  maintain rejuvenate and improve the I&D system (women headed households, elderly people and and to undertaken construction works as necessary; HIV/AIDS victims)? take appropriate measures to combat erosion, sailinity and pollution; A. The project will provide special plans that will be  issue internal rules for consumption of irrigation developed in consultation with such groups. Preference water and collect fees from the members for the will be given in work opportunities arising from the services provided; construction period.  procure substitute maintain and operate irrigation Q. How will we be able to prevent diseases e.g. STDs, equipments; and HIV/AIDS for young women involved/employed in the  finally train its members in irrigation techniques, project and those living in the area? irrigation farming methods, water saving methods and new technologies of irrigation. A. HIV awareness campaign for the whole community, particularly youth e.g. means of transmission, prevention; Q. Tell me what is a service area? conducted by Women’s Association, Women Affairs A. It means the defined land area where the association Office, health extension programme; Counselling service operates. It could be mean this whole kebele or part of from health centres; stop stigmatising, discrimination; the kebele. Each association is required to operate parents to be aware of dangers of STDs and warn their within this defined area of land which is capable of children. receiving irrigation water through the I&D system operated by that association. Q. How women will be benefited from the project? Q. Can this association be expected to operate in fair A. Women will benefit as many people will get manner? What shall be the basis of operation of this employment through irrigation works. For those with Association? lands, irrigated lands will enable plant onions and potatoes or other crops as you have been doing. Young A. That is a valid question. The proclamation provides women can be involved in construction, cultivating land, guiding principles that shall guide their operation. These businesses and raising animals (there will be sufficient are: water).  Fairness and equity in decision making and allocation of irrigation water Q. There may be conflict between those in the Project  Preventing wastage and pollution of water, area and neighbors; people in the command area may combating erosion and salinity of soil and protecting become dominant and displace them/their housing. and administering irrigation and drainage system

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within the operation area so as to strengthen the equipment as necessary to perform necessary O&M protection of environment of the I&D system  Non-discrimination among member of the  To carry out cleaning and repairing activities of the association in the utilization of water on the basis of I&D system ethnicity, gender, religion or any other similar  To comply with applicable technical rules ground concerning the I&D system  Applying transparency and participatory approach in decision making processes; Q. How many people can form an association?  Complying with the system of cost recovery and A. The minimum number of members required to form efficient use of resources the IWUA as being 5 (five) representing different units of Q. Can I become a member of the Association? the proposed service area. A. Any person who possesses and uses land in accordance Q. Will these water user associations also have meetings? with the appropriate land holding system which is located A. Yes, General Assembly of an association is to hold at within the service area of an association as a member of least one ordinary meeting in a year. the association. In order to become a member, s/he must pay outstanding contributions and fees due to the Q. Do I have to pay anything for this or all of this for association previously not given/collected. free?

Q Does becoming a member give me any rights? A. Members of the association will be required to pay an annual fee. A. Members have the right to:  get a fair share of the irrigation water users Q. What is the point of this fee and how much do I have distributed by the association to pay?  to benefit from other services provided by /through The amount payable will be determined based on the association proportion of the size of plot. Amount of the annual  to elect or be elected for different bodies of the membership fee payable shall be used to: Cover O&M association upon discharging fees of the association costs; Pay service providers for operation of the I&D  to propose agenda for discussion at general assembly system or the removal of obstruction of canal; Pay salaries meetings of staff and other costs and Maintain reserve fund.  to receive compensation from the association for Further, members of an association which has small damages caused on his/her land or crops as a result of financial costs may agree to make some or the entire the intentional or negligent act of any employee; and annual membership fee to be paid in kind including  to visit office of the association during working hours contribution of labor. It may also require you to pay a to peruse records and be provided with requested water delivery charge that is proportion to the volume of information on accounts, plans, etc. irrigation water used or by the size of plot of land of that member. Besides rights you have duties too. These are: Q. Can my membership be terminated?  You have to respect the bye-laws, directives and A. Yes, it can be if you have ceased your right over the decisions of the association land located within the service area of an association by  To use irrigation water only in accordance with the writing and notifying the association. association’s water distribution schedule  To repair and pay replacement cost of any equipment Q. What to do in case of disputes as already there or infrastructure of the association that may be enough such issues? damaged by you A. Every association shall have a dispute settlement  To provide relevant information to the association committee elected by the general assembly consisting of when asked for not more than 5 persons of high reputation and  To allow entry to employees of the association or impartiality. Further such committees shall operate for a service providers to your land with machines and

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Q. If I do need to know more or other people who are illiterate need to find about the project, what shall we do? A. There is a RIDP cell within your Woreda Administration office that has all relevant literature and also a Project Information Officer who can provide you with responses to all your queries. Please contact him/her for more details. LiboKemkem Woreda Administration Ato X,Ph. No. X Fogera Woreda Administration Ato X,Ph. No. X

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Annexure 13.1 – Indicators for Internal Monitoring

Indicative list of monitoring indicators is given in Table 1. Indicators relating to female and other vulnerable PAPs are highlighted in Italics Table 1 – Monitoring Indicators (Internal) Parameters Indicators Physical Total number of PAPs and PAHs affected Total number of vulnerable PAPs and PAHs affected by kebele Number of PAPs affected by phase depending on the construction schedule No. of land ‘permanently’ acquired segregated by type of ownership (private, common grazing land, communal grazing land and government) and by kebele (in hectares) Quantum of land acquired segregated by category of land (irrigated and rain fed) Quantum of land ‘temporarily taken or lost’ for construction purposes No. of privately owned structures acquired by type of structures (residential, kitchens, storages, toilets, cattle-shed) by kebele No. of community infrastructures affected totally by the project segregated by type and by Woreda/kebele Number of trees (Eucalyptus and non-eucalyptus i.e. Indigenous trees) affected by size by Woreda/kebele Total Quantum of land (in ha) redistributed to PAPs post construction Financial Amount of total compensation disbursed by Year, Woreda (compensation/ Amount of compensation paid to PAPs by Woreda and by Kebele in Phase Ia and 1b establishment) Number of PAPs paid compensation (disaggregated by gender) Number of PAPs not paid/received compensation (disaggregated by gender) by type of reason – unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; Number of vulnerable PAPs not paid/received compensation by type of reason – unwilling to open bank account as amount is too small; are not living in the area, etc. Number of PAPs unwilling to accept compensation because of disagreement or other reasons. Amount of ‘One time” compensation paid for structures, crops, trees and other assets (permanent loss) by Kebele Number of “joint” (husband and wife) bank accounts for payment of compensation amount Date of transfer of compensation amounts into accounts Total amount spent on Project implementation teams (WPITs), Social Development Experts at Region and Woreda by salaries and field expenses Amount spent annually towards cost of contracted Evaluation agency Amount spent towards Training PAPs segregated year Amount spent towards Training of Officials of Committees (Compensation, land redistribution, Grievance) Amount spent towards preparation of PAP database and Date of Operation Amount spent towards preparation of mass dissemination materials i.e. brochures, fact sheets radio programs Amount spent towards compensation for communal grazing lands and their development Amount of cost for RAP implementation cost by Year Rehabilitation Number of PAPs who continue same ‘primary’ occupation as before Number of female PAPs who continue same ‘primary’ occupation as before (farming, petty trading) Annual income of households by PAPs (against income reported during survey) in ETB or quintal – those who have continued their previous primary occupation Annual income of vulnerable households by PAPs (against income reported during survey) in ETB or quintal – those who have changed from previous primary occupation Number of total PAPs enrolled into ongoing government programs (by type) Number of PAPs with livestock holdings (by type of livestock and no.) Number of PAPs (with balance landholdings) provided with other farm inputs – seeds, fertilizers,

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Table 1 – Monitoring Indicators (Internal) Parameters Indicators Number of PAPs who have invested compensation amount into any productive economic asset e.g. ox, tool/machine implement for economic activity Number of quintals yeilded per hectare of irrigated land post redistribution Number of communal grazing parcels of land covered under the grazing land improvement program Number of youth, unemployed employed on the communal lands Number of youth, unemployed employed in construction works by type of services provided Social Educational status of PAPs by grade (Education and Number of PAPs availing of educational facilities by type (general, vulnerable) Health) Health status of PAPs by type of ailment, if any Number of incidence of water borne diseases (by type of ailment) Number of PAPs availing of health facilities by type (general, vulnerable) Increase in number of Health Centres, Health Posts by Kebele Number of meetings specifically held with respect to health issues (Malaria. HIV/Aids, preventive measures) Processes Number of PAPs counseled on opening of bank accounts and updating of passbooks Number of PAPs counseled on judicious usage of compensation amount Number of meetings and FGDs held with communities by kebele Dates of provision of entitlement agreements Dates of notification of compensation payments Dates of issuance of expropriation order and date of vacating the land Type of issues raised, discussion points of each meeting and FGD Number of participants in such meetings by category (general and vulnerable) Number of FGDs held with female PAPs by kebele Number of participants by category of stakeholder (PAP, Kebele, Woreda) at the RAP launch workshop Dates when tree nursery programs have commenced by locations/kebele Institutional Number of government agencies involved Number of key positions staffed at all levels and agencies/committees Number of key position vacant at all levels in the implementation agencies/committees Number of other agencies involved specialized technical training organizations, database management, monitoring and evaluation Number of persons working in each WPITs Number of female officials (Women’s Affair office, Health office, HEW) working in or with WPITs Number of government experts involved by type and experience Number of other experts involved by type and experience Development of RAP database Number of members in each Committee by Woreda and Kebele disaggregated by gender Number of female members in each Committee by Woreda and Kebele Number of trainings provided to the committees (Grievance, compensation, land redistribution) Number of trainings provided by implementing agencies to PAPs and other landholders in command area Number of trainings provided by implementing agencies to vulnerable PAPs by type of training Number of participants in such trainings from non-affected households i.e. other landholders in the command area Number of grievances committees with full staffing and functioning Number of members of each grievance committee disaggregated by gender Number of grievances received by type (verbal and written) Number of meetings held with the affected villages following receipt of grievances Number of visits by PAPs for redressal of grievances Number of visits by female PAPs for redressal of grievances

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Table 1 – Monitoring Indicators (Internal) Parameters Indicators Number of grievances resolved by number of attempts (first attempt/second attempt) Number of grievances resolved by ‘level’ (first level, second level and third level) of resolution Number of cases that have been referred to courts

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Annexure13.2

EXTERNALEVALUATION OF IMPLEMENTATIONOF RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN OF RIBB IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PROJECT

Termsof Reference

A. Introduction

Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project: The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) in agreement with the World Bank prepared an Ethiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project (ENIDP) that will finance up to 20,000 ha of new irrigated agriculture and complete detailed feasibility studies of up to 80,000 ha. Total Project cost is estimated at US$173.6 million, of which US$ 150.00 million will be financed by the International Development Association (IDA) and remaining US$ 23.6 million will be financed by FDRE and Beneficiaries. The selection of the irrigation schemes to be included in the ENIDP is the result of a strategic analysis of potential irrigation developments in the Ethiopian Nile Basin, by Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) in July 2006. The analysis evaluated the relative attractiveness of nine potential schemes based on economic, environmental and social criteria. Based on this analysis, the MoWIE selected the schemes to be included for financing and for study by the ENIDP. The designated schemes to be financed for development by the ENIDP are Megech Pump (at Seraba), Ribb reservoir and Ribb irrigation scheme.

The development objective of ENIDP is to increase irrigated area through investments that are cost effective, environmentally and socially sound, and beneficial to the rural poor. The expected project results include: (i) improved access to water on about 20,000 hectares of irrigation infrastructure through investments in infrastructure, (ii) improved access to markets for inputs and produce through support to targeted supply chains; (iii) adequate management of irrigation through public-private partnerships, promotion of small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) / small and medium size industries (SMIs) and strengthening of capacities of water users’ associations, and (iv) satisfactory project management and use resources in accordance with the project’s objectives and procedures, and increased government support for agricultural intensification in irrigated areas through increased public expenditures.

Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP): The RIDP intends to transform rainfed subsistence agriculture into irrigated commercial agriculture. Of the total irrigable command area identified is 19,925 ha, RIDP proposes that up to 14,460 ha31 of the Fogera Plain, a floodplain on each side of the Ribb River, be irrigated by water stored behind the Ribb Dam, now under construction, released into the Ribb River and then distributed by gravity to approximately 11,500 farming households. Water released from the Ribb dam on the Ribb river will be diverted to the irrigated sites by a weir built close to the irrigation sites. The project command area of RIDP is located in Libo Kemkem and Fogera woredas of South Gonder Zone in Amhara National Regional State, i.e. in the plains in the middle Ribb valley on both sides of the Addis Zemen – Wereta road and does not extend to the Lake Tana shores.

B. Resettlement Action Plan – Aim and Scope The overall objective of RAP is to ensure that affected households are no worse-off after the Project. The RAP carries forward the findings of the ESIA study and, besides listing the non-tangible impacts, quantifies the tangible impacts and enlists the affected persons/households who shall be directly affected by the project infrastructure in the three affected kebeles. In other words,theobjectiveis to:

 identifytheadverse impactsonthepeopleandtheirassets  quantifytheseimpacts accurately;  providemeasurescommensuratetothenatureanddegreeofimpactandwithintheambitofthe agreed Resettlement Policy framework that has been prepared based on applicable legal and regulatory framework ofEthiopiangovernmentand

31ESIA report by BRL Ingenerie, 2010

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thefundingagency–WorldBank; and  developmechanismsforeffectiveimplementation,monitoringandevaluationandgrievanceredressal oftheentire RAPimplementation.

The RAP for Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project covers only those PAP/PAHs who assets and livelihoods are to be directly affected by the project infrastructure of the RIDP. All other households in the command areas of Fogera and Libo-Kemkem shall continue to cultivate their lands without experiencing any impacts directly. These households therefore cannot be considered PAPs under this specific RAP. At present, these households are to be considered as beneficiaries who shall upon development of command area and land redistribution post development, experience some proportional decrease in the size of their original parcels.

C. Project Impacts Refer to Chapter 5 of the Resettlement Action Plan (attached)

D. Scope of Work The agency shall undertake evaluation of the R&R components at end of Year 1 and of R&R component and Activities under Component 2of the project. Given below are specific activities to be undertaken:  shall devise a suitable methodology for doing the evaluation  shall develop formats on the basis of indicators for all the R&R activities included in the RAP and also other required indicators  shall collect data from secondary and primary sources which shall include field visits and interviews with a section of the project affected persons and Control households  shall undertake an evaluation of the R&R components of the project, which shall include the following: o Process of implementation of the RAP – compensation and land redistribution o Process of consultation o Process of grievance redressal o Process of disbursement of compensation and assistance including land redistribution, particularly for those landless o Process and progress of training staff of WPIT and entitled PAPs; o Process of provision of support under Component 2 of ENIDP; o Institutional arrangement and capacity to the implement the RAP; o Adequacy ofsupport measures–marketlinkages underComponent2ofENIDP.Outcome indicators wouldbe(from ENIDP PAD)  numberofhouseholdsadoptingirrigatedagriculture in Ribb commandareas;  percentageincreaseincroppingintensities;  percentageincreaseinquantitiesofmajor productsmarketed byfarmersinproject area;and  percentageincreaseinnetvalueofmajorproductsmarketedbyfarmersinproject area  Adequacy of institutional arrangements and capacity to the implement the RAP  Financial and physical progress;  deviation from the RAP, if any;  the progress in achieving the goal mentioned in the R&R policy of the MoWIE on improving or restoring the livelihoods of the PAPs;  the consultation process and participation of the people in the implementation of RAP;  benefits received by PAPs under vulnerable categories;  mechanisms deployed for implementation and monitoring of the RAP;  impactoftheprojectspecificmeasureson(a)qualityoflifeofthePAPs,(b)gendersensitivityand empowerment,and (c)vulnerable households;  change(increaseordecreasew.r.ttoannualrateofinflation)inincomesofthePAHs;and  comparetheachievementofR&Rprogramandcomparestandardoflivingvis-à-vis (See Table 1.1 for indicatorsfor baseline values)

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Refer to Table 1.1 provided

E. To be provided to Agency

The agencyshallbe providedwith the following:  accessto RAPdatabase foraccessingbaseline valuesfor PAPand controlhouseholds;  ResettlementAction Plan  Necessary supportlettersof introduction

F. Key Personnel

Keypersonnel (in addition to support personnel) required to undertake the evaluation arerequired to have experience of working in similar assignments  Resettelement Expert with at least 15 years experience  Livelihood Expert with degree in social sciences minimum of 12-15 years of experience, with experience in developing and implementing income restoration schemes and solid knowledge of existing government programs and enrollment requirements;  Rural Sociologist (preferably female) with minimum of ten years of experience working in the rural development sector

G. Deliverable and Timelines

Deliverablesand Timelinesshallbeasperscope of workand asmutuallyagreed between MOWIE and bidder agency.

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