MMRP Laamu Atoll Annual Report 2018
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Electricity Needs Assessment
Electricity needs Assessment Atoll (after) Island boxes details Remarks Remarks Gen sets Gen Gen set 2 Gen electricity electricity June 2004) June Oil Storage Power House Availability of cable (before) cable Availability of damage details No. of damaged Distribution box distribution boxes No. of Distribution Gen set 1 capacity Gen Gen set 1 capacity Gen set 2 capacity Gen set 3 capacity Gen set 4 capacity Gen set 5 capacity Gen Gen set 2 capacity set 2 capacity Gen set 3 capacity Gen set 4 capacity Gen set 5 capacity Gen Total no. of houses Number of Gen sets Gen of Number electric cable (after) cable electric No. of Panel Boards Number of DamagedNumber Status of the electric the of Status Panel Board damage Degree of Damage to Degree of Damage to Degree of Damaged to Population (Register'd electricity to the island the to electricity island the to electricity Period of availability of Period of availability of HA Fillladhoo 921 141 R Kandholhudhoo 3,664 538 M Naalaafushi 465 77 M Kolhufushi 1,232 168 M Madifushi 204 39 M Muli 764 134 2 56 80 0001Temporary using 32 15 Temporary Full Full N/A Cables of street 24hrs 24hrs Around 20 feet of No High duty equipment cannot be used because 2 the board after using the lights were the wall have generators are working out of 4. reparing. damaged damaged (2000 been collapsed boxes after feet of 44 reparing. cables,1000 feet of 29 cables) Dh Gemendhoo 500 82 Dh Rinbudhoo 710 116 Th Vilufushi 1,882 227 Th Madifushi 1,017 177 L Mundoo 769 98 L Dhabidhoo 856 130 L Kalhaidhoo 680 94 Sh Maroshi 834 166 Sh Komandoo 1,611 306 N Maafaru 991 150 Lh NAIFARU 4,430 730 0 000007N/A 60 - N/A Full Full No No 24hrs 24hrs No No K Guraidhoo 1,450 262 K Huraa 708 156 AA Mathiveri 73 2 48KW 48KW 0002 48KW 48KW 00013 breaker, 2 ploes 27 2 some of the Full Full W/C 1797 Feet 24hrs 18hrs Colappes of the No Power house, building intact, only 80KW generator set of 63A was Distribution south east wall of working. -
Table 2.3 : POPULATION by SEX and LOCALITY, 1985, 1990, 1995
Table 2.3 : POPULATION BY SEX AND LOCALITY, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000 , 2006 AND 2014 1985 1990 1995 2000 2006 20144_/ Locality Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Both Sexes Males Females Republic 180,088 93,482 86,606 213,215 109,336 103,879 244,814 124,622 120,192 270,101 137,200 132,901 298,968 151,459 147,509 324,920 158,842 166,078 Male' 45,874 25,897 19,977 55,130 30,150 24,980 62,519 33,506 29,013 74,069 38,559 35,510 103,693 51,992 51,701 129,381 64,443 64,938 Atolls 134,214 67,585 66,629 158,085 79,186 78,899 182,295 91,116 91,179 196,032 98,641 97,391 195,275 99,467 95,808 195,539 94,399 101,140 North Thiladhunmathi (HA) 9,899 4,759 5,140 12,031 5,773 6,258 13,676 6,525 7,151 14,161 6,637 7,524 13,495 6,311 7,184 12,939 5,876 7,063 Thuraakunu 360 185 175 425 230 195 449 220 229 412 190 222 347 150 197 393 181 212 Uligamu 236 127 109 281 143 138 379 214 165 326 156 170 267 119 148 367 170 197 Berinmadhoo 103 52 51 108 45 63 146 84 62 124 55 69 0 0 0 - - - Hathifushi 141 73 68 176 89 87 199 100 99 150 74 76 101 53 48 - - - Mulhadhoo 205 107 98 250 134 116 303 151 152 264 112 152 172 84 88 220 102 118 Hoarafushi 1,650 814 836 1,995 984 1,011 2,098 1,005 1,093 2,221 1,044 1,177 2,204 1,051 1,153 1,726 814 912 Ihavandhoo 1,181 582 599 1,540 762 778 1,860 913 947 2,062 965 1,097 2,447 1,209 1,238 2,461 1,181 1,280 Kelaa 920 440 480 1,094 548 546 1,225 590 635 1,196 583 613 1,200 527 673 1,037 454 583 Vashafaru 365 186 179 410 181 229 477 205 272 -
Coastal Adpatation Survey 2011
Survey of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Maldives Integration of Climate Change Risks into Resilient Island Planning in the Maldives Project January 2011 Prepared by Dr. Ahmed Shaig Ministry of Housing and Environment and United Nations Development Programme Survey of Climate Change Adaptation Measures in Maldives Integration of Climate Change Risks into Resilient Island Planning in the Maldives Project Draft Final Report Prepared by Dr Ahmed Shaig Prepared for Ministry of Housing and Environment January 2011 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 COASTAL ADAPTATION CONCEPTS 2 3 METHODOLOGY 3 3.1 Assessment Framework 3 3.1.1 Identifying potential survey islands 3 3.1.2 Designing Survey Instruments 8 3.1.3 Pre-testing the survey instruments 8 3.1.4 Implementing the survey 9 3.1.5 Analyzing survey results 9 3.1.6 Preparing a draft report and compendium with illustrations of examples of ‘soft’ measures 9 4 ADAPTATION MEASURES – HARD ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 10 4.1 Introduction 10 4.2 Historical Perspective 10 4.3 Types of Hard Engineering Adaptation Measures 11 4.3.1 Erosion Mitigation Measures 14 4.3.2 Island Access Infrastructure 35 4.3.3 Rainfall Flooding Mitigation Measures 37 4.3.4 Measures to reduce land shortage and coastal flooding 39 4.4 Perception towards hard engineering Solutions 39 4.4.1 Resort Islands 39 4.4.2 Inhabited Islands 40 5 ADAPTATION MEASURES – SOFT ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS 41 5.1 Introduction 41 5.2 Historical Perspective 41 5.3 Types of Soft Engineering Adaptation Measures 42 5.3.1 Beach Replenishment 42 5.3.2 Temporary -
What Is Shaping Vulnerability to Climate Change? the Case of Laamu Atoll, Maldives
Island Studies Journal, 14(1), 2019, 81-100 What is shaping vulnerability to climate change? The case of Laamu Atoll, Maldives Karen E. McNamara The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Rachel Clissold The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Annah Piggott-McKellar The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Lisa Buggy The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia [email protected] Aishath Azfa United Nations Development Programme, Malé, Maldives [email protected] Abstract: As climate change accelerates, it brings with it numerous challenges to society and the natural world. Concepts such as vulnerability have emerged as a way of trying to understand people’s risk, despite there being a range of variables that can influence vulnerability and its temporal and spatial dimensions. Drawing from the well-known conceptualisation of vulnerability as a function of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, this paper seeks to understand what variables are influencing and shaping vulnerability in Laamu Atoll, the Maldives, and produce a base of knowledge for future vulnerability reduction initiatives. Household questionnaires (n=412) were used on Laamu Atoll to ascertain locals’ perceptions of vulnerability based on livelihood resources, financial security, and climate-change experiences. Results show that peripherality, as a notion that describes the disparities between ‘core’ and ‘peripheral’ islands, is a key factor shaping vulnerability variables on Laamu Atoll. This has prompted an overarching recommendation for peripherality to be considered as a key dimension of vulnerability to climate change and an important consideration for existing and future human development and climate change policy and practice in Small Island Developing States. -
Climate Change and Coral Reef Bleaching: an Ecological Assessment of Long-Term Impacts, Recovery Trends and Future Outlook
Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 80 (2008) 435–471 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ecss Climate change and coral reef bleaching: An ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook Andrew C. Baker a,b,1, Peter W. Glynn a,*,1, Bernhard Riegl c,1 a Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA b Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10460, USA c National Coral Reef Institute, Oceanographic Center, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA article info abstract Article history: Since the early 1980s, episodes of coral reef bleaching and mortality, due primarily to climate-induced Received 18 July 2008 ocean warming, have occurred almost annually in one or more of the world’s tropical or subtropical seas. Accepted 4 September 2008 Available online 17 September 2008 Bleaching is episodic, with the most severe events typically accompanying coupled ocean–atmosphere phenomena, such as the El Nin˜o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which result in sustained regional elevations of ocean temperature. Using this extended dataset (25 years), we review the short- and long- Keywords: þ coral bleaching term ecological impacts of coral bleaching on reef ecosystems, and quantitatively synthesize recovery reefs data worldwide. Bleaching episodes have resulted in catastrophic loss of coral cover in some locations, zooxanthellae and have changed coral community structure in many others, with a potentially critical influence on the Symbiodinium maintenance of biodiversity in the marine tropics. -
37327 Public Disclosure Authorized
37327 Public Disclosure Authorized REPUBLIC OF THE MALDIVES Public Disclosure Authorized TSUNAMI IMPACT AND RECOVERY Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized JOINT NEEDS ASSESSMENT WORLD BANK - ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK - UN SYSTEM ki QU0 --- i 1 I I i i i i I I I I I i Maldives Tsunami: Impact and Recovery. Joint Needs Assessment by World Bank-ADB-UN System Page 2 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank DRMS Disaster Risk Management Strategy GDP Gross Domestic Product GoM The Government of Maldives IDP Internally displaced people IFC The International Finance Corporation IFRC International Federation of Red Cross IMF The International Monetary Fund JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation MEC Ministry of Environment and Construction MFAMR Ministry of Fisheries, Agriculture, and Marine Resources MOH Ministry of Health NDMC National Disaster Management Center NGO Non-Governmental Organization PCB Polychlorinated biphenyls Rf. Maldivian Rufiyaa SME Small and Medium Enterprises STELCO State Electricity Company Limited TRRF Tsunami Relief and Reconstruction Fund UN United Nations UNFPA The United Nations Population Fund UNICEF The United Nations Children's Fund WFP World Food Program ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by a Joint Assessment Team from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the United Nations, and the World Bank. The report would not have been possible without the extensive contributions made by the Government and people of the Maldives. Many of the Government counterparts have been working round the clock since the tsunami struck and yet they were able and willing to provide their time to the Assessment team while also carrying out their regular work. It is difficult to name each and every person who contributed. -
Detailed Island Risk Assessment in Maldives, L
Detailed Island Risk Assessment in Maldives Volume III: Detailed Island Reports L. Gan – Part 1 DIRAM team Disaster Risk Management Programme UNDP Maldives December 2007 Table of contents 1. Geographic background 1.1 Location 1.2 Physical Environment 2. Natural hazards 2.1 Historic events 2.2 Major hazards 2.3 Event Scenarios 2.4 Hazard zones 2.5 Recommendation for future study 3. Environment Vulnerabilities and Impacts 3.1 General environmental conditions 3.2 Environmental mitigation against historical hazard events 3.3 Environmental vulnerabilities to natural hazards 3.4 Environmental assets to hazard mitigation 3.5 Predicted environmental impacts from natural hazards 3.6 Findings and recommendations for safe island development 3.7 Recommendations for further study 4. Structural vulnerability and impacts 4.1 House vulnerability 4.2 Houses at risk 4.3 Critical facilities at risk 4.4 Functioning impacts 4.5 Recommendations for risk reduction 2 1. Geographic background 1.1 Location Gan is located on the eastern rim of Laamu Atoll, at approximately 73° 31' 50"E and 1° 52' 56" N, about 250 km from the nations capital Male’ and 3.5 km from the nearest airport, Kadhdhoo (Figure 1.1). Gan is the largest island in terms of land area and population amongst 13 inhabited islands of Laamu atoll. It’s nearest inhabited islands are Kalhaidhoo (7 km), Mundoo (10 km) and Atoll Capital Fonadhoo (10 km). Gan forms part of a stretch of 4 islands connected through causeways and bridges and is the second largest group of islands connected in this manner with a combined land area of 9.4km 2. -
Energy Supply and Demand
Technical Report Energy Supply and Demand Fund for Danish Consultancy Services Assessment of Least-cost, Sustainable Energy Resources Maldives Project INT/99/R11 – 02 MDV 1180 April 2003 Submitted by: In co-operation with: GasCon Project ref. no. INT/03/R11-02MDV 1180 Assessment of Least-cost, Sustainable Energy Resources, Maldives Supply and Demand Report Map of Location Energy Consulting Network ApS * DTI * Tech-wise A/S * GasCon ApS Page 2 Date: 04-05-2004 File: C:\Documents and Settings\Morten Stobbe\Dokumenter\Energy Consulting Network\Løbende sager\1019-0303 Maldiverne, Renewable Energy\Rapporter\Hybrid system report\RE Maldives - Demand survey Report final.doc Project ref. no. INT/03/R11-02MDV 1180 Assessment of Least-cost, Sustainable Energy Resources, Maldives Supply and Demand Report List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Full Meaning CDM Clean Development Mechanism CEN European Standardisation Body CHP Combined Heat and Power CO2 Carbon Dioxide (one of the so-called “green house gases”) COP Conference of the Parties to the Framework Convention of Climate Change DEA Danish Energy Authority DK Denmark ECN Energy Consulting Network elec Electricity EU European Union EUR Euro FCB Fluidised Bed Combustion GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Green house gas (principally CO2) HFO Heavy Fuel Oil IPP Independent Power Producer JI Joint Implementation Mt Million ton Mtoe Million ton oil equivalents MCST Ministry of Communication, Science and Technology MOAA Ministry of Atoll Administration MFT Ministry of Finance and Treasury MPND Ministry of National Planning and Development NCM Nordic Council of Ministers NGO Non-governmental organization PIN Project Identification Note PPP Public Private Partnership PDD Project Development Document PSC Project Steering Committee QA Quality Assurance R&D Research and Development RES Renewable Energy Sources STO State Trade Organisation STELCO State Electric Company Ltd. -
Effects of Climate Change on Children in the Maldives Justyna Orłowska
Effects of Climate Change on Children in the Maldives Justyna Orłowska CONTENTS: I List of Photos II List of Tables III List of Diagrams 1. Introduction 1.1. Climate change in the context of Maldives’ vulnerability 1.2. Children in Maldives 1.3. Scope of potential effects of climate change to children 1.4. Similar case studies 2. Research Methods 2.1. Aim of the study and research questions 2.2. Research settings 2.3. Sampling and organization 2.4. Research tools 2.5. Challenges and limitations 3. Results of the study 3.1. Awareness of climate change of parents and children 3.2. Effects of climate change to children in Maldives 3.2.1. Health-related effects of climate change 3.2.2. Social and psychological effects of climate change 3.3. Awareness and evaluation of the existing projects 4. Recommendations and conclusions 4.1. Conclusions of the study 4.2. Recommendation for actions 4.3. Recommendation for further studies 5. Bibliography I List of Photos Photo 1: Waste burning producing toxic fumes; Credit: Justyna Orłowska Photo 2: Boy helping his friend to load water buckets; Credit: Aminath Shooza Photo 3: Flooded roads; Credit: Aminath Shooza Photo 4: Harbour project in S. Hithadhoo; Credit: Aminath Shooza Photo 5: Coffee shop named after the 2004 tsunami in H.Dh. Hanimaadhoo; Credit: Aminath Shooza II List of Tables Table 1. Summary of the collected interviews III List of Diagrams Diagram 1: Direct and indirect impacts of climate change on children Diagram 2. Map of the field work Diagram 3: Climate change effects as seen by children and parents Diagram 4: Warning system in Maldives 1. -
Study on Post-Tsunami Restoration and Conservation Projects in the Maldives
Study on Post-Tsunami Restoration and Conservation Projects in the Maldives Ecosystems and Livelihoods Group, Asia Study on Post-Tsunami Restoration and Conservation Projects in the Maldives Marie Saleem and Shahaama A. Sattar February 2009. Cover photo: Thaa Vilufushi after reclamation © Hissan Hassan Table of Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 2 Summary of post-tsunami restoration and conservation initiatives ............... 7 3 ARC/CRC Waste Management Programme .............................................. 11 3.1 Background ......................................................................................... 11 3.2 Summaries of outcomes in the Atolls .................................................. 12 3.2.1 Ari Atoll ......................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Baa Atoll ....................................................................................... 13 3.2.3 Dhaalu Atoll .................................................................................. 13 3.2.4 Gaaf Alifu and Gaaf Dhaalu Atolls ................................................ 14 3.2.5 Haa Alifu Atoll............................................................................... 14 3.2.6 Haa Dhaalu Atoll .......................................................................... 15 3.2.7 Kaafu and Vaavu Atolls ................................................................ 15 3.2.8 Laamu Atoll ................................................................................. -
Application Document
Application Document for Prequalification of Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contractors for Reclamation by Dredging and Shore Protection works for about 228Ha of Land in Addu City financed under Line of Credit extended by Export-Import Bank of India on behalf of Government of India under IDEAS Export-Import Bank of India Issued on: September 04, 2020 INVITATION FOR PREQUALIFICATION OF EPC CONTRACTORS FOR GOVERNMENT OF INDIA LINE OF CREDIT (LOC) PROJECT The Export-Import Bank of India [hereafter Exim Bank, or the Bank], on behalf of the Government of India (GOI), extends from time-to-time, concessional credit facilities under the Indian Development and Economic Assistance Scheme (IDEAS) to overseas governments / their nominated agencies in developing countries for financing projects involving procurement of goods, civil works, consultancy and non-consultancy services to be contracted to Indian entities. These Lines of Credit (LOCs) are governed by the Guidelines issued by the GOI from time-to- time. As per the extant guidelines issued vide letter No. 21/3/2015-IDEAS dated December 7, 2015, the Bank is required to carry out a prequalification exercise and provide a list of prequalified bidders to the Borrower for invitation of bids for specific contract packages under the project(s) financed by the LOCs. In pursuance to the above, the Bank invites Applications from eligible Indian entities for prequalification of Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contractors for Reclamation of about 228Ha of Land in Addu City, Maldives under a Line of Credit extended to the Government of the Republic of Maldives. An upfront and non-refundable Processing Fee of INR 25,000 plus applicable GST (presently 18%) is payable through NEFT transfer as per details given below: [i] Applicant’s Name <Applicant’s Name> [ii] Name of Beneficiary Export-Import Bank of India [iii] Beneficiary’s Bank Name Export-Import Bank of India [iv] Account No. -
Forestry Assessment and Programme Planning Maldives
Forestry Assessment and Programme Planning Maldives November 2005 Dr. Ravishankar Thupalli OSRO/GLO/502/FIN Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 1.0 Introduction 2 2. 0. Context of the mission 2 3. 0. Objectives of the mission 3 4. 0. Approach 3 5. 0. General introduction of Islands 4 6. 0. Forest status and dependence of people 4 6.1. Coastal forests 6 6.1.1. Causes and issues for littoral forest erosion 8 6.1.2. Usage and issues in availability and supply of wood for boat building 8 6.1.3. Usage and issues in availability of wood for fuel wood. 10 6.1.4. Use of drift and salvage wood for reconstruction 10 6.2. Mangrove forests 10 6.3. Fruit trees in home gardens 11 7.0. Tsunami damage to forests, fruit trees and physical structures and recovery 12 8.0. Mitigating role of forests 13 9.0. Action needed for rehabilitation 14 9.1. Coastal forests 14 9. 2. Mangrove forests 15 9.3. Fruit trees in home gardens 16 9.4. Local Area Initiatives as a starting point 17 9.5. Linking forestry to tourism 17 9.6. Plan of operations 17 9.6.1. Preliminary plan of operations 19 9.6.2. Suggestions for Long-term Actions 39 9.7. General recommendations 41 Annexure 1. Terms of Reference 2. Travel itinerary 3. Personnel met References Acknowledgement Forestry Assessment and Programme Planning, Maldives Executive Summary In the aftermath of the Tsunami at the end of 2004, a needs assessment and programming mission under the project funded by the Government of Finland, “Forestry Programme for Early Rehabilitation in Asian Tsunami Affected Countries” (OSRO/GLO/502/FIN) in the Maldives from 15th August to 19th September 2005.