BATTLEFIELD UPDATE Newsletter of the American Battlefield Protection Program Fall 1998, No. 71

n behalf of the American Landmark Mill Burns at Prince William County that the ruins are Battlefield Protection Program, I Thoroughfare Gap stable and that the structure can be Oam pleased to introduce you to restored. the newly designed Battlefield Update. by Tanya Gossett It is organized to help you find specific Also known as Beverley’s Mill, the information quickly and printed with Chapman’s Mill, the most significant his- original three story stone structure was improved illustrations and photos. Each toric structure on the Thoroughfare Gap built in the 18th century. In 1858 it was issue will continue to include stories of battlefield in western Prince William enlarged to a commanding five-and-a-half general interest about battlefield County, Virginia, burned on October 22, stories. During the Northern Virginia preservation in the , as well 1998. The fire broke out shortly after 4 Campaign of 1862, Brig. Gen. James as several new features, such as “Capital p.m. and quickly consumed all floors, flour Ricketts’ Union division seized Watch”--summaries of current legislation milling machinery, windows, and roofing Thoroughfare Gap to prevent in the U.S. Congress and state legislatures materials. Only the solid stone walls re- Confederate Maj. Gen. James that may affect battlefield preservation-- main. Local fire and police authorities Longstreet’s troops from joining Maj. and “ABPP News”--notices about ABPP suspect arson. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson at programs and projects. Please contact Manassas Junction. The Confederates the ABPP staff if you have suggestions County officials indicated that on engaged Ricketts on August 28. The mill for further improvements to the numerous, documented occasions, served as a blockhouse for both sides. newsletter. teenagers and other trespassers had The Federals’ early possession of the mill broken into the vacant mill and vandalized deflected several Georgia regiments into Battlefield Update reaches more than the property. Within a week of the blaze, a point-blank firefight with Union 2,400 subscribers in all 50 states, the several architectural historians and a infantrymen struggling to hold an District of Columbia, and three U.S. structural engineer evaluated the stability adjoining, low ridge. Another Georgia territories. Our subscribers represent of the ruins and the feasibility of regiment later seized the building, which state and local government agencies, local restoration. The experts have advised destabilized the Union position and helped historical societies and round tables, academic institutions, preservation See Mill, page 4 consulting firms, and private citizens. I encourage you to take advantage of this resource by sharing your battlefield preservation trials, tribulations, and triumphs with our readership. The dissemination of ideas and information can only strengthen the American battlefield preservation community.

Thank you for your continued interest in Battlefield Update. I look forward to hearing from you!

H. Bryan Mitchell, Chief The charred ruins of Chapman’s Mill on the Thoroughfare Gap American Battlefield Protection Program battlefield in northern Virginia. ABPP photo.

U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Heritage Preservation Services CAPITAL WATCH

Washington, DC President Clinton signed the 1999 Commission. Lands or interests in lands Revolutionary War and the War of 1812, Omnibus Appropriations Act for the acquired pursuant to this section shall be to be modeled on the previous similar Federal government on October 19. The subject to the requirements of ... the Land study of Civil War sites. While the original Act and the Congress’ conference report, and Water Conservation Fund Act of legislation authorized additional funds which provides an explanation of the 1965.” This stipulation does not amounting to $750,000 to conduct the intent of the legislative language as well appropriate any additional funds for this study, those funds were never actually as specific dollar amounts for each purpose. Instead, it is intended to make appropriated by Congress. The 1999 program, include two significant directives it possible to use a portion of the money budget language requires the National that affect battlefield preservation. appropriated from the Land and Water Park Service to begin this study by Conservation Fund in 1998 and 1999 for reducing or eliminating other activities in Congress stipulated that “up to $8,000,000 the specific purpose of assisting states and order to fund the study. As above, of funds available in fiscal years 1998 and localities in acquiring Civil War battlefield Department officials are currently 1999 shall be available for grants, not land. Department of the Interior officials studying how best to fulfill these covering more than 33 percent of the total are currently determining how best to instructions. cost of any acquisition to be made with implement this language. such funds, to States and local Finally, the ABPP carries out its normal communities for purposes of acquiring The new budget also requires that, “within activities--including its annual grant lands or interests in lands to preserve and available funds, $250,000 is provided to awards--from the general funds protect Civil War battlefield sites initiate a Revolutionary War Study”. In appropriated to the NPS for a variety of identified in the July 1993 Report on the 1996 Congress enacted legislation calling historic preservation-related activities. Nation’s Civil War Battlefields prepared for a historic preservation study of Those funds for 1999 are essentially equal by the Civil War Sites Advisory battlefield sites associated with the to the 1998 level.

NPS to Restore Ft. Duncan by Doug Stover

The C&O Canal National Historical Park manded by Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel in July The park’s 1998 Ft. Duncan Study pro- contains a well-preserved and significant 1864, the Maryland Heights vides a framework for addressing the Civil War-era earthwork known as Ft. were never attacked. cultural resource management issues at Duncan, along with a smaller battery in the site. The plan calls for creating and the same vicinity. Ft. Duncan served as Ft. Duncan sits on a high knoll known as improving interpretive trails to the site to the left anchor of an extensive series of Huckleberry Hill, along a sweeping bend ensure an informative and safe visitor fortifications along Maryland Heights, of the Potomac River a short distance experience at the fort. Cultural resource known as the Bernard Line, that protected upstream from Harpers Ferry. Access is management recommendations include Harpers Ferry from attack. The primary gained from Pleasantville Road, off of clearing the earthworks of possibly harm- function of Ft. Duncan was to flank Harpers Ferry Road. The National Park ful vegetation and encouraging growth of Bolivar Heights, which guarded ap- Service acquired more than 300 acres at adjacent trees to form a protective proaches to Harpers Ferry from the west. this location in the 1970s. canopy above the fort. It was constructed during the winter of 1862-1863, following the siege and cap- Several management issues exist within The park began restoration work on Ft. ture of Harpers Ferry in September 1862 the Ft. Duncan area. These include sta- Duncan this fall. by Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. bilizing the fortifications, protecting “Stonewall” Jackson. With the excep- environmentally sensitive forest habitat, Doug Stover is Chief of Cultural tion of Lt. Gen. Jubal Early’s interpreting the site, and leasing historic Resources, Chesapeake & Ohio demonstration against Union troops com- structures and agricultural lands. Canal National Historical Park.

2 Battlefield Update The Spanish-American War in by Mark R. Barnes

If you are interested in visiting an area days, but our joint surveys have identified Register nomination of Spanish-American containing some of the most varied and six battlefield and skirmish sites, three War sites on the island. Historians Frank historic battlefields in America, look no landing beaches, two lighthouses, several Miele and Jose Marrull have visited and further than the islands of the American historic roads and bridges, and the photographed numerous sites on the south Caribbean: Puerto Rico and the U.S. American headquarters related to this side of the island, and the author and Virgin Islands. Through the efforts of campaign. In short, more extant Spanish- Puerto Rico SHPO staff have studied a the Southeast Regional Office, National American War properties exist in Puerto Spanish colonial lighthouse near Guánica, Park Service, and the Puerto Rico and Rico than in any other area of the United where the American army first landed on U.S. Virgin Islands State Historic States. July 25, 1898. These efforts have Preservation Offices (SHPOs), several produced a Multiple Property National areas of conflict in the American The effort to study Spanish-American Register nomination of sites associated Caribbean have been documented. War properties began with a National with the campaign that the Puerto Rico These include the Salt River Bay Site on Historic Landmark (NHL) nomination for SHPO will submit to the NPS this winter. St. Croix, where the first recorded conflict the shipwreck of the SS Antonio López. between Europeans and Native The U.S. sank the late-19th-century One of the more interesting projects of Americans occurred in 1493; the First steamship off the north coast of Puerto this joint effort has been the creation of a Line of Defense of San Juan, where the Rico when it attempted to run the computerized, illustrated history of the British besieged the Spanish city in 1797; American naval of San Juan. . The objective and Fort Frederick, scene of an 1848 slave The site was designated an NHL in 1997. was to re-create a slide presentation, with revolt against Danish rule. This summer, at a formal presentation at popular period music, typical of what a La Fortaleza, the NPS presented Puerto person in 1898 might have seen in theaters Most recently, the NPS and its partners Rico Pedro Rosselló with a of the time. have focused on identifying and NHL bronze plaque. Later, Governor documenting cultural resources related to Rosselló dove to the shipwreck to secure NPS historians studied hundreds of origi- the Puerto Rico Campaign of the Spanish- the plaque on the ocean floor. Plans call nal photographs and documents to American War. Although less well for developing an underwater diving tour develop the video sequences and script, known than Teddy Roosevelt’s charge up of the shipwreck. but we lacked period music. Fortunately, San Juan Hill in , the Puerto Rico Glenn Sage, of Portland, Oregon, kindly Campaign was one of the most successful NPS and Puerto Rico SHPO staff have shared with the NPS his collection of re- military initiatives of the 113 day war. The also been conducting field surveys and corded music taken from 100 year old Puerto Rico Campaign lasted only 19 preparing documentation for a National wax cylinders for the musical portion of the illustrated history. A copy of the com- puter program has been provided to the Puerto Rico SHPO, and plans call for making the electronic history more widely available.

In sum, because the NPS has committed to a long-range program of direct techni- cal assistance to the SHPO offices of the American Caribbean, a number of impor- tant Spanish-American War sites have been documented and honored. The NPS and the Puerto Rico SHPO hope the rec- ognition of these battlefields will draw attention to these nationally significant cultural properties and foster a commit- ment to their long-term preservation.

(Inset) The 2nd marches past Gen. Nelson A. Milles’ headquar- ters in Ponce, Puerto Rico, in 1898. Mark Barnes is Senior Archeologist, National (Above) Today the building is a U.S. Register Programs Division, Southeast Customs house. NPS photos. Regional Office, National Park Service.

Battlefield Update 3 Mill, from page 1 ABPP NEWS convince Ricketts to abandon the area. The next day, Longstreet’s men marched through the gap and joined Jackson in time to participate in the Battle of Second Healthy Competition The ABPP seeks projects that lead Manassas. Expected for ’99 Grants directly to the long-term preservation of by Ginger Carter battlefield lands. We strongly encourage The mill remained operational into the projects involving multiple partners and/ 1940s. In 1970, concerned citizens and or matching funds, although neither is state and Federal highway officials The ABPP anticipates an increase in required. agreed that Interstate 66 would be de- battlefield preservation grant applications signed to avoid the mill. Chapman’s Mill for its 1999 funding round as more Completed applications are due back to has been documented by the Historic organizations representing more diverse the ABPP by close of business December American Buildings Survey (HABS), is sites enter the competition. Again this 31, 1998. If you have not received an listed in the National Register of Historic year the ABPP will consider projects at application and would like one, please Places, and is a Prince William County battlefields of all wars fought on contact us at (202) 343-9583 or download landmark. American soil, from colonial conflicts to the application and guidelines from our World War II. web site at www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/. The north half of the Thoroughfare Gap battlefield (just above the mill) is pro- To be eligible for ABPP grants, project The ABPP will contact successful tected by the Bull Run Mountains Natural sites must be 1) listed in the CWSAC applicants no later than February 28, 1999. Area. The Friends of Bull Run, Inc., Report; or 2) listed in the National Grant agreements take at least three which manages the conservation area, Register of Historic Places; or 3) eligible months to process. Therefore, projects has provided limited interpretation along for listing in the National Register should not be scheduled to begin earlier several trails on the high ground north of according to the appropriate State Historic than June 1, 1999. the mill, the scene of the most intense Preservation Officer. Please note that fighting and the significant Confederate Civil War sites with a preservation priority If you are considering applying for ABPP flanking maneuver. ranking of I or II (according to the Civil grants but are unsure if your proposed War Sites Advisory Commission) will be project meets the ABPP’s guidelines, For more information about Chapman’s favored over projects at other Civil War please contact Ginger Carter, Grants Mill or about hiking the battlefield, con- battlefields. Manager, at (202) 343-1210. tact the Friends of Bull Run at P.O. Box 210, Broad Run, VA 20137 or (703) 753- 2631. Examples of Eligible Projects Ineligible Projects

Site Identification and Documentation n Acquisition of properties or land in fee n Historical research or interest Now Available from the n National Register nominations n Payment of rent on properties or land Central Maryland Heritage n Archeological and cultural resource n Fund raising League surveys n Lobbying n Academic scholarships Fire on the Mountain: The Planning and Consensus Building n Battle reenactments Battle of South Mountain n Preservation plans n New construction or reconstruction of Battlefield Guide n Preservation advocacy projects historical resources n Permanent staff positions This full-color driving tour brochure Education and Interpretation* Ongoing object or material culture interprets the discrete battles that n raged on South Mountain on n Public workshops curation September 14, 1862, and how they n Developing signs and brochures n Capital construction or improvements affected the course of the Maryland n Any project limited to land or resources Campaign. *If your organization plans to apply for an owned by the National Park Service For copies contact the CMHL at P.O. education or interpretation project, be es- Box 721, Middletown, MD 21769. pecially careful to clearly describe how the They can also be reached at (301) project will lead to the preservation of land. 371-7090 or [email protected].

4 Battlefield Update Notes on Charleston by Hampton Tucker Island, including Battery Pringle, Fort Johnson, and the Secessonville battlefield. An intrepid group of 25 Revolutionary The staff of the American Battlefield Protection Program would War enthusiasts struck out for the fort at Old Dorchester and like to thank its partners, the Association for the Preservation the Quinby Plantation battlefield. Near Moncks Corner, the of Civil War Sites (APCWS), The Civil War Trust (CWT), group had an especially unique tour of a well-preserved British Fort Sumter National Monument, and the National Conference earthen fort, complete with moat and makeshift drawbridge. of State Historic Preservation Officers, as well as all the Many thanks to the tour coordinators and guides, Dan Bell, enthusiastic battlefield preservationists who attended the Fourth Oliver Buckles, Skipper Keith, Dana MacBean, and David National Conference on Battlefield Preservation: Defining Reuwer. Battlefields—Why, How, and What Then…? Each sponsor and participant was instrumental in making the conference a Participants will receive a letter in the next several weeks ask- great success. Held in Charleston, South Carolina, from ing them to elaborate on opinions they expressed on their September 16-19, the conference attracted a record 230 conference evaluation forms. We are especially interested in participants from every corner of the United States. Attendees your ideas for improving session content and organization, iden- represented battle sites associated with the Revolutionary War, tifying future conference themes and locations, instituting the War of 1812, the Civil War, Indian wars, and World War II. smaller, technical workshops, and nominating speakers for the next National Conference in 2000. APCWS launched the conference with a one-day workshop on land acquisition strategies and techniques. APCWS staff The ABPP was pleased to see a wide variety of sites repre- and six guest speakers presented a thorough overview of the sented at this year’s conference. We look forward to continuing entire acquisition process, including successful legal strategies, our work within the Civil War community and to establishing fund raising techniques, real estate tips, and the integral role of new relationships among organizations striving to protect battle- local friends groups. Special thanks to APCWS’ Jeff Driscoll field sites representing all wars on American soil. and Bob Edmonston for coordinating a great workshop.

Conference highlights included an entertaining and provoca- CWT Bestows Battlefield Awards tive keynote address by Tony Horwitz, author of (from Civil War Landscape, Fall 1998, with permission) Confederates in the Attic: Dispatches from the Unfinished Civil War. Horwitz discussed the enduring legacy of the Civil During the Charleston conference, The Civil War Trust presented War in the late-20th-century American South, and the impor- awards to three grassroots organizations for their “outstanding tance of preserving battlefields as tangible reminders of our accomplishments” in battlefield preservation, community leader- unique history as citizens of a country becoming increasingly ship, and visitor services. homogenized by the spread of commercial development. The Central Virginia Battlefields Trust (CVBT) received the CWT’s On September 18, The Civil War Trust presented a morning 1998 Preservation Award for “saving vital Civil War battlefield seminar entitled TEA-21: How You Can Use Transportation lands from development.” Only two years old, the CVBT emerged during the successful acquisition of Willis Hill at Fredericksburg, Enhancement Funds for Battlefield Preservation. TEA-21 st and has saved more than 100 acres of land at Chancellorsville, (Transportation Equity Act for the 21 Century) enhancement including “McLaws Wedge” and part of Jackson’s Flank Attack. funds comprise transportation investments that protect the environment, preserve cultural and historic resources, and The CWT bestowed upon the Mill Springs Battlefield Association provide significant community benefits. Since 1992, more than (MSBA) its 1998 Community Leadership Award for “mobilizing $45 million in enhancement funds have been used to protect its local community to recognize and support the preservation of threatened battlefields and related resources. The workshop Civil War battlefields.” Since 1992, the MSBA has rallied local facilitators explained the TEA-21 guidelines and application citizens and public officials to protect the battlefield and has process and helped participants define eligible battlefield leveraged that support into Federal, state, and private funds for projects. The CWT’s Elliot Gruber, Julie Fix, Carole Mahoney, land acquisition and preservation projects at Mill Springs. and Melissa Meisner, and consultant Susan Braselton, organized The Siege and Battle of Corinth Commission accepted the CWT’s this important session. 1998 Interpretation and Visitor Services Award. Using ISTEA funding, the Commission created more than 20 miles of trails and The conference concluded with a sunset cruise on Charleston self-directed tours of the Corinth battlefield and earthworks, de- Harbor to Fort Sumter, where historian Rick Hatcher gave a veloped its own interpretive film, and opened a visitors center. twilight oration of the fort’s military history. Superintendent John Tucker then invited his 200 guests to wander the fort at For more information about the CWT’s Preservation Award pro- night, a rare treat. The next day, participants had a choice of gram, call 800-CW-TRUST. two battlefield tours. Forty set out for Civil War sites on James

Battlefield Update 5 RICH MOUNTAIN Battlefield Preservation Profile

History help in protecting the site. This initiated a relationship between the two organizations that resulted in the Forest Service dedicating a On July 11, 1861, Union troops under the command of Maj. Gen. limited amount of staff-time and guidance for battlefield preservation George B. McClellan routed the Confederates holding the pass over efforts. By the end of the year, the Forest Service, the RMBF, and the Rich Mountain near Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia). This battle Randolph County Development Authority had developed a concep- was one of the earliest engagements of the Civil War. Both the tual plan for the battlefield. Confederacy and the Union hoped to gain control of northwestern Virginia where many residents opposed secession from the Union. In 1994 and 1995, 346 acres were acquired--in part with ISTEA This battle gave the Union control over much of the region and allowed funds--through a partnership among the RMBF, the Conservation the counties in the area to form the government that later established Fund, the State of West Virginia, and the Benedum Foundation. The the state of West Virginia. McClellan’s victory greatly enhanced his RMBF then submitted a National Historic Landmark nomination to military reputation. In less than two weeks, the shocking defeat of the National Park Service (the nomination remains under the Union army at First Manassas, Virginia, on July 21, 1861, prompted consideration). The RMBF also received two ABPP grants that funded President Lincoln to appoint McClellan as commander of the Army of the development of local support for the Staunton-Parkersburg the Potomac, replacing Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell. Turnpike Corridor Coalition, a group concerned with the preservation of historic resources along the turnpike, including battlefields Preservation Activity associated with the 1861 Western Virginia Campaign. The Civil War Trust (CWT) added the site to its Civil War Discovery Trail in 1995. In 1981, a local group placed a historical marker commemorating the battle on the crest of Rich Mountain. Additional efforts to protect During 1996, several acquisitions increased the amount of land pro- the site have increased greatly since 1990, the same year that the tected at the battlefield. The CWT, the Conservation Fund, and the Secretary of the Interior established the American Battlefield RMBF acquired 14 acres. Due to the threat of strip mining at the site, Protection Program (ABPP) and Congress and the Secretary appointed the CWT allocated Civil War Commemorative Coin funds to acquire the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission to study and rank the the mineral rights to 57.5 acres. They also funded the appraisal of a nation’s Civil War battlefields. 12- tract being considered for future acquisition.

In 1991, local residents established the Rich Mountain Battlefield That same year, the RMBF applied for and received a third ABPP Foundation (RMBF) and protected 14.32 acres at Camp Garnett. The grant to continue developing plans for the preservation and interpre- next year, 215 acres of the site were listed in the National Register of tation of the Staunton-Parkersburg Turnpike, and to develop Historic Places, and the RMBF secured an Intermodal Surface educational resources for the Rich Mountain battlefield. The West Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) grant to fund the acquisition Virginia Division of Culture and History began an archeological sur- of battlefield land. The Association for the Preservation of Civil War vey of the battlefield. Sites (APCWS) acquired 40 acres in 1992. In 1997, the RMBF made significant steps toward reaching out to the The Civil War Sites Advisory Commission completed its report in local community. It purchased the Bushrod Crawford Building in 1993; the report classified Rich Mountain as one of the 50 most threat- Beverly and established a new visitor center in the building, which ened Civil War battlefields in the country. Later that year, the RMBF had served as McClellan’s headquarters after the battle. The RMBF approached a local unit of the USDA Forest Service and asked for also received a fourth ABPP grant to fund an educational campaign focusing on interpretation and stabilization of resources, expanding existing interpretation, developing a multi-media computer presenta- tion, and systematically monitoring endangered battlefield resources.

Today 471.8 acres of this 1,626-acre* battlefield are protected.

*Acreage represents the study area of the battlefield as defined in a survey His victory at Rich completed during the Civil War Sites Advisory Commission Study. Mountain helped launch Maj. Gen. George B. Site Contact McClellan to command of the For more information about this site contact the Rich Mountain Army of the Potomac in Battlefield Foundation, Inc., P.O. Box 227, Beverly, WV, 26253, August 1861. (304) 637-RICH, [email protected]. National Archives.

6 Battlefield Update RECOMMENDED READING BATTLEFIELD UPDATE Allatoona Battlefield Master ing the cast iron sphere, wooden sabot, Preservation Plan pewter Bormann fuse, rubber gasket, cast Published by the National Park Service iron plug, and gunpowder--of this Prepared by Robert and Company, antipersonnel device. The report also in- Robert Stanton Director Atlanta, and William R. Scaife for the cludes a thorough history of the design Etowah Valley Historical Society and the and manufacture of spherical case shot. Katherine H. Stevenson ABPP. September 1998. 64 pages, with Associate Director, color photographs and appendices. Cultural Resources Reconnaissance Survey of Copies available from EVHS, P.O. Box Indian-U.S. Army Battlefields of 1886, Cartersville, GA 30120. Ronald M. Greenberg the Northern Plains Assistant Associate Director, Cultural Resources The plan includes a battlefield site inven- Prepared by Jerome A. Greene, Inter- tory of historic, natural, and scenic mountain Support Office, NPS, Denver, de Teel Patterson Tiller features, land use, and existing infrastruc- Chief, Heritage Preservation Services for the ABPP. September 1998. 193 ture. It notes significant properties within pages with black and white illustrations. the battlefield and discusses land preser- H. Bryan Mitchell Copies available from the ABPP. Chief, American Battlefield vation strategies that can be implemented Protection Program by the local government and the private This report contains survey data gathered sector. The document also contains a at 23 battle and skirmish sites where the Tanya M. Gossett master site plan with recommendations Editor U.S. Army and various Indian tribes for park development and interpretation, clashed on the Northern Plains of and a tourism impact and benefit study Kathleen J. Madigan Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota, and that identifies potential economic impacts Design Services Nebraska. The selected sites represent in the region. several periods of conflict, ranging from Jerry Buckbinder the 1850s through the 1880s. Production Manager Civil War Ordnance of Mirror Battlefield Update is published quarterly Lake, Calais, Washington The report begins with a concise, well- and is available free of charge. Please send County, Vermont researched history of warfare on the articles, news items, and correspondence Northern Plains. The opening chapters to the address below or electronically to Prepared by the Lake Champlain place the surveyed sites in historical con- [email protected]. Maritime Museum, Ferrisburgh, text of major events such as the Vermont, for the ABPP, the Lake Fetterman Massacre, the Fort Laramie American Battlefield Protection Program Heritage Preservation Services Champlain Basin Project, the National Treaty of 1868, and the Battle of Little National Park Service Trust for Historic Preservation, the U.S. Bighorn, allowing the reader to discern 1849 C Street, NW (NC330) Naval Historical Center, and the Vermont the role each surveyed site played in U.S.- Washington, DC 20240 Division for Historic Preservation. Indian relations. PHONE (202) 343-3941 September 1998. 189 pages, black and FAX (202) 343-3921 white illustrations, and appendices. Through historical research, site visits, and For more information about the Copies available from the VDHP, 135 structured methodology, Greene provides American Battlefield Protection Program, State Street, Drawer 33, Montpelier, VT consistent base data for the 23 sites, 17 visit us on-line at 05633-1201. of which were undocumented previously. www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/. Historical information includes battle date, This report recounts the remarkable re- principal leaders, units and tribes involved, covery, disarmament, curation, and number of combatants, estimated casu- interpretation of 65 intact Civil War alties, event summary, and statement of spherical case shot, which had been significance. On-site notes record cur- dumped in shallow water along the steep rent land use and zoning, threats to the west bank of Mirror Lake in north-cen- battlefield, burial sites, monumentation, Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental tral Vermont after the war. The Lake viewsheds, contributing natural and cul- Federally Assisted Programs on the basis of race, color, Champlain Maritime Museum’s examina- tural resources, and interpretive potential. national origin, age, or disability. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any tion of the shot provides an excellent program operated by a recipient of Federal assistance analysis of the component parts--includ- should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington, DC 20240.

Battlefield Update 7 www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/

BATTLEFIELD UPDATE National Park Service FIRST CLASS MAIL Heritage Preservation Services POSTAGE AND FEES PAID American Battlefield Protection Program USDI - NPS 1849 C Street, NW (NC330) PERMIT No. G-83 Washington, DC 20240

OFFICIAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE $300