OHCHR in the FIELD: AFRICA OHCHR in the Field: Africa
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OHCHR IN THE FIELD: AFRICA OHCHR in the field: Africa Type of presence Location Deep-rooted difficulties such as the poor Country offices l Guinea administration of justice, weak democratic l Togo institutions and lack of accountability, as well as l Uganda sexual and gender-based violence, freedom of Regional offices l Central Africa (Yaoundé, Cameroon) and centres l East Africa (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia) expression, economic, social and cultural rights, land l Southern Africa (Pretoria, South Africa) issues, migration and xenophobia were among the l West Africa (Dakar, Senegal) main human rights challenges in the region. Human rights l Burundi components in l Central African Republic Elections were held in over 10 African countries, UN peace missions l Chad** l Côte d’Ivoire with several qualified as credible, free and fair while l Darfur (Sudan) others were characterized by violence, such as the l Democratic Republic of the Congo elections in Côte d’Ivoire. A political stalemate l Guinea-Bissau ensued following the early December announcement l Liberia of election results in Côte d’Ivoire and led to the l Sierra Leone l Somalia deaths of over 200 people and the displacement of l Sudan thousands. In 2011, local, parliamentary or Human rights l Guinea** presidential elections are scheduled to be held in advisers to l Great Lakes Region (Bujumbura) over 15 countries of the region. UN offices and l Kenya Country Teams l Madagascar* l Niger Past and ongoing conflicts as well as social crises l Rwanda continued to undermine the enjoyment of a wide l West Africa (Dakar) range of human rights. Longstanding conflict in parts * Planned for 2011 ** Closed in 2010 114 OHCHR REPORT 2010 OHCHR IN THE FIELD: AFRICA of Somalia and Sudan continue to have an adverse Lakes Region in Bujumbura and to West Africa effect on human rights, including by contributing to (UNOWA) in Dakar. A section of 21 professional and extreme poverty and to internal displacement. In the six administrative staff covers the continent from Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), the headquarters, monitoring areas of concern and authorities stressed their willingness to combat providing substantive and administrative support to impunity, notably through their support for the field presences. The Office also continued to support publication of the OHCHR Mapping Report on the the work of the Independent Expert on the situation most serious violations of human rights and of human rights in Burundi, the Independent Expert international humanitarian law committed in the on the situation of human rights in Somalia and the DRC between 1993 and 2003, and further discussion Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights on transitional justice mechanisms. Many challenges in the Sudan. remained in the implementation of the recommendations of the report. In January 2010, OHCHR and the African Union (AU) Country Offices Commission signed a Memorandum of Understanding which confirmed their longstanding cooperation to promote and protect human rights in Africa. It Guinea (Conakry) provides for technical assistance, training, capacity- building and mutual cooperation in the field of Year established 2010 human rights. In addition, the AU continued the Staff as of 31 December 2010 3 development of a comprehensive human rights Expenditure in 2010 $1,257,396 strategy,inclosecooperationwithOHCHRandother partners during 2010. Background Nine countries from the region were reviewed under the UPR in 2010. OHCHR continues to provide The situation in Guinea since the assassination technical assistance to help States and civil society attempt on the then President in December 2009 has organizations prepare for the review as well as to been marked by the desire of the country’s monitor and assist with the implementation of UPR population to see the military regime of the National recommendations. Council for Democracy and Development come to an end with democratic, free, fair and transparent In 2010, OHCHR opened a country office in Guinea presidential elections. The hope is that these in follow-up to the recommendations of the elections would then enable the new Government to Commission of Inquiry appointed by the address challenges such as poverty, corruption, Secretary-General. In addition, OHCHR continues to justice, human rights violations, impunity, exploitation maintain two other country offices in Africa, in Togo of natural resources and embezzlement of State and Uganda, and four regional offices/centres in funds. The first round of the presidential elections Addis Ababa (East Africa), Dakar (West Africa), was held on 27 June 2010, and featured 24 candidates. Pretoria (Southern Africa), and Yaoundé (Central After being postponed four times, the second round Africa). The Office supported the human rights of the presidential elections was finally held on components of 11 United Nations peace missions, in 7 November 2010. Burundi (BINUB); the Central African Republic (BINUCA); Chad (MINURCAT); Côte d’Ivoire OHCHR-Guinea was established in May 2010, three (UNOCI); the Democratic Republic of the Congo months after the entry into office of the transitional (MONUSCO); Guinea-Bissau (UNOGBIS); Liberia Government. The Office was mainly involved in (UNMIL); Sierra Leone (UNIPSIL); Somalia (UNPOS); monitoring work, advocacy and training on human and the Sudan (UNMIS and UNAMID, Darfur). rights to ensure human rights were respected and On 31 December 2010, the mandate of MINURCAT protected in the electoral process. OHCHR-Guinea expired and BINUB was replaced by the United particularly focused its efforts on the country’s Nations Office in Burundi (BNUB) with the mandate security and defence forces, given their past record to strengthen the capacity of key Government of being the main perpetrators of human rights institutions as well as transitional justice mechanisms violations. The Office worked in close collaboration and human rights. In addition, the Office supported with national and local authorities, civil society human rights advisers deployed to UN country teams organizations (CSOs), and both national and in Kenya, Niger and Rwanda, as well as to the Great international human rights NGOs. OHCHR REPORT 2010 115 OHCHR IN THE FIELD: AFRICA Results National laws, policies and institutions (EA1)2 u The existence of a national human rights institution was inserted into the Constitution and a draft law for its establishment has been completed, in conformity with the Paris Principles. The Office provided technical advice and support throughout the process. Access to justice and basic services (EA4) u OHCHR-Guinea assisted 11 survivors of the 28 September 2009 massacre to receive medical and psychological care in Dakar, Senegal. These victims suffered from sexual violence, including mutilation, and some contracted HIV due to gang © OHCHR/Guinea rape. They were evacuated to Dakar to be Human Rights Day celebration in Guinea. treated and returned to Guinea safely where OHCHR-Guinea continued to provide support, financial assistance in organizing a dissemination including psychological and medical assistance. workshop for the recommendations of the u The Office assisted 60 youths detained after Human Rights Council. demonstrations in September 2010 to obtain pro bono legal aid from a pool of lawyers. All 60 Civil society engagement with human rights were released thanks to this assistance and most mechanisms (EA7) of them were acquitted. u With the support of the Office, civil society actors submitted to relevant special rapporteurs Participation (EA5) information on cases relating to torture and rights u Before the first round of the elections, and then violations committed against human rights between the two rounds, the Office organized defenders. workshops and launched a wide sensitization programme and training initiative on human rights Challenges and lessons learned monitoring during elections. Sixteen human rights defenders from the eight administrative regions of The Office established a discussion forum to address the country were trained by the Office. Together human rights issues on a weekly basis. The forum is with UNDP, OHCHR-Guinea was able to provide composed of representatives from relevant national training to more than 180 correspondents and institutions such as the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry human rights monitoring personnel on how to of Defence, the National Council of Transition, a monitor human rights issues during the electoral network of human rights NGOs, CSOs, security and process. Furthermore, victims subjected to torture defence forces and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Its during the electoral period have formed an inauguration allowed for the discussion of human association and decided to press charges against rights issues of current concern and facilitated the the perpetrators of the violations. OHCHR-Guinea recommendation of precise follow-up actions. It also supported this process and assisted victims to proved to be useful for addressing pertinent human receive medical, psychological and legal aid. rights concerns with all relevant stakeholders and bringing about fast follow-up actions. The forum State engagement with human rights served as a communication and dissemination tool for mechanisms (EA6) information on human rights issues and for the u The Office provided technical support to the activation of early warnings. Furthermore, it proved to Government and civil society during the be valuable for helping to prevent human rights elaboration of