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Host Fish Suitability for the Endangered Native Anodonta and Impacts of the Invasive Sinanodonta Woodiana on Their Reproductive Success

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Host Fish Suitability for the Endangered Native Anodonta and Impacts of the Invasive Sinanodonta Woodiana on Their Reproductive Success Technische Universität München Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan Lehrstuhl für Aquatische Systembiologie Host fish suitability for the endangered native Anodonta and impacts of the invasive Sinanodonta woodiana on their reproductive success Verena M. M. Huber Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernäh- rung, Landnutzung und Umwelt der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung eines akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzende: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ingrid Kögel-Knabner Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Prof. Dr. Jürgen Geist 2. Prof. Dr. Johannes Kollmann Die Dissertation wurde am 25.11.2019 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt am 20.01.2020 angenommen. Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... 1 LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 2 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 3 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ......................................................................................................... 5 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 8 1.1 General background .................................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Native European Anodonta species .......................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Invasive species in freshwater ecosystems ............................................................................................... 13 1.4 Objectives ................................................................................................................................................... 15 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................... 18 2.1 Study design ............................................................................................................................................... 18 2.2 Experimental setup .................................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Experimental species ................................................................................................................................. 21 2.4 Glochidial collection .................................................................................................................................. 23 2.5 Infestation procedure ................................................................................................................................ 24 2.6 Post-infestation procedure ........................................................................................................................ 26 2.7 Data analyses .............................................................................................................................................. 27 3 GLOCHIDIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRESHWATER SWAN MUSSEL (ANODONTA CYGNEA, LINNAEUS, 1758) ON NATIVE AND INVASIVE FISH SPECIES ................................................................................................................................. 29 3.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 29 3.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 30 3.3 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................................. 32 3.3.1 Collection of glochidia ....................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.2 Infestation .......................................................................................................................................... 32 3.3.3 Post-infestation procedure .................................................................................................................. 34 3.3.4 Glochididal development and excystment ......................................................................................... 35 3.3.5 Statistical analyses ............................................................................................................................. 35 3.4 Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.4.1 Infestation success.............................................................................................................................. 36 3.4.2 Suitability of non-native fish species ................................................................................................. 39 3.4.3 Duration of larval development ......................................................................................................... 39 3.4.4 Attachment of glochidia ..................................................................................................................... 41 3.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................... 44 3.6 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 49 4 HOST FISH STATUS OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE SPECIES FOR THE FRESHWATER MUSSEL ANODONTA ANATINA (LINNAEUS, 1758) ........................ 50 4.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 50 4.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 51 4.3 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................................. 53 4.4 Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 56 4.4.1 Success of infestation and juvenile mussel excystment ..................................................................... 56 4.4.2 Glochidial development on non-native fish species ........................................................................... 59 4.4.3 Comparison between A. anatina and A. cygnea ................................................................................. 59 4.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................... 62 5 REPRODUCTION SUCCESS OF THE INVASIVE SINANODONTA WOODIANA (LEA, 1834) IN RELATION TO NATIVE MUSSEL SPECIES ....................................... 69 5.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................... 69 5.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 70 5.3 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................................. 72 5.4 Results ......................................................................................................................................................... 75 5.4.1 Success of infestation and juvenile mussel excystment ..................................................................... 76 5.4.2 Duration of metamorphosis and juvenile mussel excystment ............................................................ 77 5.4.3 Glochidial development on co-invasive fish species ......................................................................... 79 5.4.4 Comparison between S. woodiana and native Anodonta species ....................................................... 79 5.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................................................... 80 5.5.1 Reproductive success of S. woodiana ................................................................................................ 81 5.5.2 Comparison to the reproduction of native Anodonta ......................................................................... 83 5.5.3 Invasion of S. woodiana: consequences for native mussel species .................................................... 85 6 GENERAL DISCUSSION ............................................................................................. 88 6.1 Differences in the reproductive success of native Anodonta .................................................................. 88 6.2 Influences of non-native fish species on the host fish use of native Anodonta .....................................
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