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New Distributional Records of Fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from Rice–Agroecosystems of Kerala

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New Distributional Records of Fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from Rice–Agroecosystems of Kerala ISSN 0973-1555(Print) ISSN 2348-7372(Online) HALTERES, Volume 10, 48-61, 2019 K.M. RAJESH, SHAHID BIN ZEYA, A.P. RANJITH & M. NASSER doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3593793 New distributional records of fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) from rice–agroecosystems of Kerala K.M. Rajesh1, Shahid Bin Zeya2, A.P. Ranjith1 & *M. Nasser1 1Insect Ecology and Ethology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calicut, Kerala, India. 2Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, India. (Email: [email protected]) Abstract Gonatocerus aegyptiacus Soyka, 1950, Gonatocerus shamimi Subba Rao and Hayat, 1986 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae), Anagrus sp. are recorded from Kerala for the first time. Ten species of Mymarids are new distributional records from the rice-agroecosystems of Kerala. The samples were taken from the rice fields of Kerala using sweep net method during July 2013 - February 2015, and the collection comprises mymarids belonging to 10 species under 5 genera. Keywords: Mymaridae, New distribution, Rice-Agroecosystems, Kerala. Received: 7 November 2018; Revised: 31 December 2019; Online: 31 December 2019 Introduction The family Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: (1984) and Matthews (1986). Chalcidoidea) is one of the most distinctive To date 194 species under 38 genera are families of Chalcidoidea and includes the reported from India (Manickavasagam and smallest known insects and are all parasitoids of Athithya, 2018). Taxonomic studies on Indian eggs laid in concealed habitats (Huber et al., mymarids were mainly carried out by Verma 2009). The members are widely distributed with (1980), Subba Rao and Hayat (1983), Hayat 117 genera known from two subfamilies, (1992), Zeya and Hayat (1995), Hayat and Anis Gonatocerinae and Mymarinae (Noyes and (1999 a,b,c), Hayat and Singh (2001), Hayat et Valentine, 1989). Majority of them attack al. (2008), Rehmat et al. (2009), Zeya and Khan Auchenorrhyncha hemipteran, but Coleoptera, (2011), Rameshkumar et al. (2011 a,b) Psocoptera, Diptera and Orthoptera are also Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar (2011, attacked (Huber and Rajakulendran, 1988). 2012), and Manickavasagam et al. (2011). As Members can be identified by using a per Noyes (2019) only 35 species in 14 genera combination of characters; female antennae with were reported from Kerala. distinct club, head with ‗H‘ shaped mark, The species like other chalcid families protibial spur often long and curved, tarsi with (Eulophidae, Trichogrammatidae) are most 4–5 tarsomeres and metasoma either broadly or encountered parasitoids of pest species and have narrowly attached with mesosoma. potential as biological control agents against Systematic and biological research on different pests belonging to Cicadellidae, the Mymaridae up until 1984 has been reviewed Miridae, Membracidae and Chrysomelidae in by Huber and Rajakulendran (1988). The major different crops or in their natural environment taxonomic treatises on the group are those of (Noyes, 2003). These parasitoids attack eggs of Debauche (1948), and Peck (1963). Further insects in a variety of habitats and crops, but its studies which should be of interest are those of efficacy appears to vary with host plant species Enock (1909), Girault (1911, 1912), Soyka (Graham et al., 1986). Little is known about the (1950), Hincks (1960), Sahad and Hirashima host parasitoid association as only about one 48 New distributional records of fairyflies from rice–agroecosystems of Kerala quarter of the genera have hosts reported for distributed in the rice–agro systems of Kerala. them. From the present survey 10 species of mymarids Studies by Forster (1847), Enock in five genera were collected, in which, G. (1909), Macgill (1934), Doutt (1959), Anderson aegyptiacus G. shamimi and Anagrus sp. are & Paschke (1968), Stoner and Surber (1969), new distributional report from Kerala. Of the ten Miura (1979), Sahad (1982), Graham et al. species of mymarids collected during the present (1986), Huber and Rajakulendran (1988), study, eight of them with the exception of Norton et al. (1992), Conti et al. (1996), De Lymaenon species are new distributional records Moraes and Mescher (1999), Virla (2001) and from rice fields of Kerala. Jones (2001) reveals the importance of New distributional reports of Mymarid fauna mymarids as parasitoids of insect pests. of Rice-Agrosystems from Kerala (Fig. 1) In this paper, we reviewed the 1. Gonatocerus aegyptiacus Soyka, 1950 (Fig. distribution and abundance of mymarid genera 3B) and species in rice agro-ecosystems of Kerala, Specimen examined: INDIA: Kerala, Thrissur, south India. Mullakkara, 22.iii.2013, sweep net, coll. Rajesh, K.M.; INDIA: Kerala, Alappuzha, Kainakari, Materials and Methods 5.ii.2013, sweep net, coll. Ranjith, A.P.; INDIA: The survey of mymarid parasitoids of Kerala, Wayanad, Kambalakkad, 8.xi.2012, rice fields was carried out from July 2013 to sweep net, coll. Ranjith, A.P.; INDIA: Kerala, February 2015 during the Kharif (July— Wayanad, Kambalakkad, 6.xii.2013, sweep net, November) and Rabi (December—March) coll. Ranjith, A.P.; INDIA: Kerala, Kannur, seasons. The samples were taken from the rice Nellikkapalam, 28.xi.2013, sweep net coll. fields of 10 districts (three plots per district) by Rajesh, K.M.; INDIA: Kerala, Kannur, sweep net method. Maniyoor, 7.ii.2013, sweep net, coll. Ranjith, Sweeping was done 25 meter along the A.P.; INDIA: Kerala, Ernakulam, bunds of rice field and two meter inside from Thuruthikkara, 26.i.2013, sweep net, coll. edges, swept once at each step in a figure of Ranjith, A.P.; INDIA: Kerala, Ernakulam, eight. The trapped insects were collected using Thuruthikkara, 7.iii.2014, sweep net, coll. an aspirator and transferred to labeled bottles Ranjith, A.P.; INDIA: Kerala, Kozhikode, containing 70% ethyl alcohol. The collected Mundoth, 10.x.2013, sweep net, coll. Rajesh, specimens were dried and card mounted. K.M.; INDIA: Kerala, Malappuram, Kalachal, Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) was employed 22.iii.2013, sweep net, coll. Rajesh, K.M.; as the drying agent during mounting in order to INDIA: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, avoid collapsing. Images of identified Amaravila, 23.i.2013, sweep net, coll. Ranjith, parasitoids were taken using Leica M205 A with A.P. DMC 2900 camera. Multiple images with different focal levels were combined into a Distribution: India: Assam (Zeya and Hayat, single image using Leica Automontage Software 1995), Andhra Pradesh (Zeya and Hayat, 1995), V4.7. Images were edited in Adobe Photoshop Bihar (Zeya and Hayat, 1995), Jammu & to remove artifacts formed during stack Kashmir (Zeya and Hayat, 1995), Karnataka processing. Distribution map was made with (Zeya and Hayat, 1995), Meghalaya (Zeya and ArcGis software version 9.3 (ArcGIS 9.3 Hayat, 1995), Tamil Nadu (Zeya and Hayat, Improves Your Entire GIS Workflow: Enhanced 1995), Delhi (Anwar and Zeya, 2012), Himachal Data Management, New Cartographic Tools, Pradesh (Anwar and Zeya, 2012), Odisha and More Efficient Information Sharing". ESRI. (Anwar and Zeya, 2012), Puducherry (Anwar 2008-06-25. Archived from the original on 2008- and Zeya, 2012), Punjab (Anwar and Zeya, 06-30.). 2012), Uttarakhand (Anwar and Zeya, 2012), West Bengal (Anwar and Zeya, 2012), Andaman Results and Nicobar (Zeya et al., 2014), Uttar Pradesh The aim of the present investigation is to (Shamim and Shafee, 1984; Subba Rao and study the species composition of Mymaridae Hayat, 1986) and Kerala (Present study). 49 K.M. Rajesh, Shahid Bin Zeya, A.P. Ranjith & M. Nasser Figure 1: Distribution map of Mymaridae in Rice Agro-ecosystems of Kerala 50 New distributional records of fairyflies from rice–agroecosystems of Kerala Plant associates: Poaceae: Oryza sativa L. 4. Lymaenon narayani Subba Rao and Kaur, (Present study). 1959 Specimen examined: INDIA: Kerala, Kannur, 2. Gonatocerus shamimi Subba Rao and Nellikkapalam, 28.xi.2013, sweep net, coll. Hayat, 1986 (Fig. 3D) Rajesh, K.M. Specimens examined: INDIA: Kerala, Palakkad, Thenur, 27.viii.2013, sweep net, coll. Distribution: India: Uttar Pradesh (Subba Rao Rajesh, K.M.; INDIA: Kerala, Kozhikode, and Hayat, 1986), Kerala (Amer et al., 2017), Mundoth, 10.x.2013, sweep net, coll. Rajesh, Andaman & Nicobar (Amer et al., 2017), K.M.; INDIA: Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Andhra Pradesh (Amer et al., 2017), Bihar Amaravila, 23.1.2013, sweep net, coll. Ranjith, (Amer et al., 2017), Delhi (Amer et al., 2017), A.P.; INDIA: Kerala, Kannur, Kaively, Himachal Pradesh (Amer et al., 2017), 29.xi.2013, sweep net, coll. Rajesh, K.M. Karnataka (Amer et al., 2017), Odisha (Amer et Distribution: India: Bihar (Manickavasagam al., 2017), Puducherry (Amer et al., 2017), and Rameshkumar, 2011), Meghalaya (Zeya, Tamil Nadu (Amer et al., 2017), Uttarakhand 2015), Odisha (Zeya, 2015), Tamil Nadu (Amer et al., 2017), and West Bengal (Amer et (Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar, 2011) al., 2017). Uttar Pradesh (Shamim and Shafee, 1984), Plant associates: Poaceae: Oryza sativa L. Andhra Pradesh (Rameshkumar and (Present study). Manickavasagam, 2014), Jharkhand (Anwar and Zeya, 2012), West Bengal (Anwar and Zeya, 5. Gonatocerus longicornis Nees, 1834 (Fig. 2012) and Kerala (Present study). 3C) Specimen examined: INDIA: Kerala, Kollam, Plant associates: Poaceae: Oryza sativa L. Kundara, 23.i.2013, sweep net, coll. Rajesh, (Present study). K.M.; INDIA: Kerala, Wayanad, Panamaram, 8.xi.2013, sweep net, coll. Ranjith, A.P.; INDIA: 3. Lymaenon aureus (Girault, 1911) (Fig. 3F) Kerala, Wayanad, Kambalakkad, 6.xii.2013, Specimen examined: INDIA: Kerala, sweep net,
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