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Indulge & Explore Natural Fiber Composites Indulge & Explore Natural Fiber Composites An invitation to product designers Dilip Tambyrajah Supported by NFCDesign RVO.nl 3 4 CONTENTS COLOPHON Preface Indulge and Explore – Natural Fiber Composites An invitation to product designers Copyright © 2015 Dilip Tambyrajah, NFCDesign Platform, The Netherlands. 01 02 03 RVO.nl, Netherlands Enterprise Agency (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland). Notice of rights Introduction Materials & Natural The contents of this document may not be reproduced, stored in data retrieval systems or Product Fiber transmitted in any form or means without prior written permission of the authors; except that Design reasonable extracts may be made for the purpose of non-commercial use, provided the authors Composites are acknowledged as the source. Cover image: The author would like to acknowledge Design Studio Waarmakers for granting permission and providing the image used in the front cover. WAARMAKERS | design studio, Amsterdam, [email protected] 04 05 06 Disclaimer Natural Fiber Making it Holding it Any presentation or part of it, published in this book represents the opinion of the author and does not necessarily reflect the official policy of any sponsoring organization or institutions or Composite Better: Together: organization unless this is clearly specified. Products Natural Fibers Polymer Notice of liability Matrix Although every precaution has been taken in preparation of this book, neither the authors nor RVO.nl shall have any liability to persons or organizations with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by application of contents of this book. Trademarks 07 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 All trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Making it An Introduction Buzz words: Happen: This publication is produced with the support of RVO.nl, Netherlands Enterprise Agency to Polymers Composites & (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland). Technology & Fibers Processes Author: Dilip Tambyrajah Published by: NFCDesign Platform, The Netherlands. To report errors please send e-mail to [email protected] or [email protected] Acknowledgments & Credits Indulge & Explore Natural Fiber Composites 5 6 PREFACE Natural Fiber Composites Design As an enthusiastic catamaran sailor I would love to break the waves with the Flaxcat, the world’s first large construction using flax, built to Product design-oriented knowledge platform withstand immense mechanical pressures. It is made of natural fiber Product designers can contribute in a major way to composites and shows the strength and versatility of this material. accelerate the development of natural fibre composite Natural fiber composites (NFC) use the force of nature. Natural fibers applications in the Netherlands and elsewhere. It is expected that are a small wonder in themselves, as you will read in this book. Combined the use of renewable raw materials can provide an important with a matrix or resin they can be as strong as steel, as smooth as ice impulse to sustainable societies. Based on renewable materials and usable in any form the designer thinks of. With the advantages of a Natural Fibre Composites can provide an alternative for many renewable and biobased source. synthetic materials. They can ease the increasing pressures of Stimulating the biobased economy is one of the goals of the Dutch raw materials scarcity. The use of Natural Fibre Composites will government. The Netherlands Enterprise Agency works on this subject in contribute towards Biobased economic development and several manners. One of them is the support of the platform Natural Fiber Circular Economies. Composites Design (NFCDesign) in the last five years by the Environment RVO.nl supports the knowledge network - NFCDesign & Technology Programme on behalf of the ministry of Infrastructure and Platform - in order to encourage the use of biobased materials Environment. In this platform designers, entrepreneurs and knowledge such as Natural Fibre Composites in product design and industrial institutes networked in meetings on this subject. They were introduced to activities. NFCDesign is a platform where industry, product and inspired to work with this rather unknown material. designers, academia and government agencies can meet to Although some forms of NFC were used more than hundred years ago, the share and exchange knowledge and expertise on this subject. rise of the plastic industry put NFC into a dark corner of the shelf. With Product designers and others are very welcome to join the this book we hope to put the spotlight on the advantages of this material NFCDesign platform. again and inspire designers to apply it in their products. By leading you through the labyrinth of different fibers, matrixes and techniques this book The key objectives of the NFCDesign platform are: gives you a lot of background knowledge and examples of the endless √ Ideas: generate ideas to accelerate market possibilities of natural fiber composites, from guitars to electric scooters. developments of Natural Fibre Composites. Enjoy reading! √ Inspiration: inspire product designers to consider the use of Natural Fibre Composites in their design decisions. Bart Tonnaer √ Information: develop initiatives to make information Manager Industry, Agriculture and Finance on Natural Fibre Composites accessible for all Netherlands Enterprise Agency stakeholders. www.nfcdesign.org The Netherlands Enterprise Agency (Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland: RVO.nl) encourages entrepreneurs in sustainable, agrarian, innovative and international business. Indulge & Explore Natural Fiber Composites 7 8 01 Introduction Indulge & Explore Natural Fiber Composites 9 10 Do you want to spend the rest of your life selling sugared water or do you want a chance to change the world? Steve Jobs ? Indulge & Explore Natural Fiber Composites 11 12 Introduction It is about agriculture, botany and biochemistry. An area lost to the urbanized The objective of this book is to provide a glimpse into the world population, with romantic ideas of rural life but ignorant of the complexities of of Natural Fiber Composites especially for product designers. It is the international agri-business and biobased economic developments. Emerging intended as a preliminary exploration of the broad area of Natural as the Biobased economy. Composites development and research generally tend Fiber Composites (NFC). NFC is a truly multi-disciplinary domain and to be dominated by engineers, especially from industries such as aerospace and therefore it is a challenge to cover in depth all the related areas without automotive. In aerospace the focus is on structural parts where light weight, making it complicated for the non-technically oriented reader. This strength and stiffness are important engineering considerations. So for the book is certainly not a technical manual on NFC nor is it a text book or lay person the subject NFC tends to be too complex and may even “put off” a scientific discourse of the subject. It is based on sound science and potentially interested parties. As far as NFC is concerned, like most of innovation current industrial practices. There are literally thousands of academic related activities, there has been much talk and less action. publications, many project reports and text books that provide detailed information on composites and even NFC. The interested readers could This is the key reason to write this book with many illustrations and pictures. refer to these publications that are already freely available. Design considerations with NFC do not have to be focused, even become obsessive, about light weight and strength. After all we do not plan to send This book is richly illustrated to inspire the reader to appreciate the all man-made objects or artifacts to the moon! The objective of this book is to different types of products that are or can be made from NFC. Also to get provide necessary and sufficient background information so that the reader can a feeling of the diversity of this category of material. The objective is to understand the wide range of materials involved and variety of technologies or indulge and hopefully inspire the reader towards action: that is consider processes used to make NFC based products also for daily use. And to do this NFC in their material choice in the design process; even to make NFC in an illustrative way. products in their garage. Why the focus on natural fiber composites? NFC has to deal with two totally different worlds of materials. One eyk NFC could contribute towards increased use of renewable materials such material is Natural Fibers - the reinforcing part - and the other is the as natural fibers and accelerate developments towards biobased economy, polymers - the binding part - also commonly referred to as the matrix. a route towards sustainable societies. In the recent past the polymer industry The book will attempt to equip the reader with sufficient background has increased its efforts to produce polymers based on renewable materials. information on NFC in an easy to digest manner so that he or she could Therefore composites could become more and more bio-based. The ultimate start the exciting journey into the fascinating world of natural fibers objective must be to make composite materials using 100% renewable sources combined with polymers to form NFC. based on short carbon cycles. This can contribute towards sustainability and lessen the dependence on fossil/petro based products. Before proceeding further a brief explanation
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