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Äk: $*$£% -i ' : -*•• • * - •- •' & .-.‘-i -f .A- - J. ’V * ^ * m C ••;• U •'• V- ’# •: m «iÄdiCA- •• :: %n.\ VAULU-SPÄ Das älteste Denkmal germanisch-nordischer Sprache, nebst einigen Gedanken über Nordens Wissen und Glauben und nordische Dichtkunst von L u d w i g E 1 1 m ii 1 1 e r. Leipzig, 183 0, W e i d in a n n s c h e Buchhandlung. ¥ l ) i t Einleitung. So lange der Mensch noch etwas hofft, oder noch etwas furchtet trachtet er , aucli dahin , dafs er die Zukunft kennen lerne , dafs er erforsche den nothwendigen Zu- sammenhang der Dinge, so geschehen werden, mit denen, so geschahen. So lange aber dies stattet, so lange wird es auch Menschen geben, diesichs zum eigenen Geschäfte machen, jenes Dunkel zu enthüllen. Von jeher gab es Dergleichen, nur dafs die Mittel je nach der Zeit ver- schieden waren , deren sie sich zu ihres Zweckes Errei- chung bedienten; und die Ältesten suchten gewifs nur durch tiefes scharfsinniges Nachdenken über das Gesche- hene das Folgende zu entdecken. Als man aber anfing mit dem Einfachen und Nächsten nicht mehr zufrieden zu als sein , man immer weiter und weiter sehen wollte, als sich die Menschen fortan immer mehr als dem Schick- sale dahingegebene , des eignen Willens baare Wesen be- trachteten: da entstanden Orakel, Auguren, Sibyllen, Vaulur, Alrunur. Im Anbeginn hielten auch diese sich würdig, und manche scheinen auch von dem ihnen in- wohnenden Göttlichen selbst überzeugt gewesen zu sein; aber, als der Zudrang der Sorgetragenden immer wuchs, als daher der Anstalten, wo man die Geschicke erfahren konnte, immer mehre wurden: da entstand zwischen diesen selbst Eifersucht und Neid , des Ruhmes sowohl als des Gewinstes wegen, und jetzt gab man vieldeutige Antworten, um seinen Gott jedenfalls bei Ehren zu er- halten, die Begebenheiten mochten nun fallen, wie sie wollten. Beispiele oder Belege hierzu anzuführen, thut nicht Notli; sie liegen Jedem vor, dem das Alter tlium nicht gänzlich fremd blieb. a * IV Als aber das Christcntlmm eintrat , und sicli immer weiter und weiter verbreitete, da mufste freilich dies Ge- Kleinen schäft im Grofsen sein Ende erreichen , aber im zwar und vor der Welt ver- dauerte es fort , heimlich , achtet, nichts destoweniger jedoch dennoch gesucht und mit Zutrauen beschenkt. Statt des Gottes, der hinge- würgten Feinde, der geschlachteten Tliiere, der Vögel, gebrauchte man jetzt Zahlen, Kaffeesatz, Spielkarten, Zauberspiegel. Nur die Sterne waren bei ihrem alten Anselm geblieben; ja dies scheint sich sogar noch, und nicht unbedeutend, vermehrt zu haben; allem mir reiche Leute, Könige und Herren, konnten sie befragen, denn reichlich lieisen sich jene Männer bezahlen, welche diese erhabene Sclirift lesen konnten. — Endlich aber wurden auch die Sterne verdrängt aus der lleihc der kunde- gebenden Dinge; Spielkarten jedoch, Kaffeesatz, und was dergleichen mehr war, blieben bei Ansehn; denn wie jedes einzelnen Menschen Zukunft kleiner und erbärm- licher ward, so wurden auch die Mittel, diese zu er- forschen geringfügiger und lächerlich. Aber wir haben es hier zunächst mit dem germanischen Norden zu thun. Betrachten wir demnach die Vaulur, Alrunur, und was für Namen sonst noch diese weisen Frauen geführt haben mögen, etwas genauer. verstanden die Skandinavier Unter Vaulur , Alrunur Seherinnen der Zukunft, kluge Frauen, aber im edlen Sinne. Von jeher glaubten ja die Germanen, dafs die Frauen von den Göttern besonders begünstiget seien, (Tacit. Germ. VIII. Historiar. IV. 6. Sueton. in Vitellio XIV). — Daher ihre vorzügliche Verehrung dieser; daher auch bei den Deutschen die erste ächte Ausbildung des Marien dienstes. Zuerst etwas über den Namen Yala, Völva, Vaulva. Über die Herkunft dieses Namens giebt es verschiedene Meinungen. Gudmundur Andreae, Resenius, Bartholin be- trachten ihn als entsprossen von dem gr. ßovfo], indem sie die Vavlur mit den Sibyllen (<hos, [oeol. und ßovXrj, wollen sie) zusammenstellen; ja sie sehen sogar in unsrer Vala die Sibylla Erythraea. Die Dämisaga giebt über des Wortes Herkunft keine : V nähere Auskunft, sie sagt blofs: Vaulur heita, j>«r er vel-spa skäpa. d. h. Vaulur heifsen die, so Rathschläge (Rathspähuiig) geben. Daher heifsen sie auch anderorts liaefdiildar. Die Herausgeber der Sämund. Edda sagen im Glossario innominat. plur. vaulur. Origo „Vala (genit. völu, vaulu ; et vis vocis ambigua est, nam potestesse 1) a volvo (*?) 1 et v ö i v a unde v ö 1 v i in composita voce B r ü n - v ö v i ; 1- sane est variata et probata scriptio pro va l a. feie : v o vere Parcas dixit Virgilius Mn. 1. v. 26. Foret ergo v a 1 a s. v ö 1 v a dicta avolvendis filis fatalibus: quadain enim tenus valae s. völvae Parcarum vices obi- bant, in puerorum recens natorum genesi constituenda. quod Vide Ilelga-qvithain I. v. 11. vel 2) ab at velia, crederentur arbitrium habere sortis eligendae et tribuen- u u da» cuique. „Val autem et „vala ita formantur ab u u u 1 i a „t a 1, i a 1“ et „s a 1 a ab „at s e ; „at v e 1 a sicut „s u u vet. „w alle n t a l a ab „at t e 1 i a“ Vel 3) ab germ. 1 a, ire gall. aller; ut v a 1 a dicta sit quasi V a u ; cf. g quod lioc genus feminarum ut plurimuin vagabundum esset, uti ex Orms-jwettr et Norna--gestz-J)3ßtti constat.“ Gegen die Ableitungen habe icli nun einiges ein- u zuwenden. Was die Ableitung von „volverc anbe- Richti- langt, so lasse icli diese ganz dahin gestellt sein. 1'. Die Ver- ger ist die zweite Ableitung von „at v elia** fasser des Glossars, verwechseln jedoch die Vaulur mit den Nornir, was aber das Alterthum selbst niemals that. In der Stelle, die sie anzogen, werden nicht die Vaulur, sondern offenbar die Nornir erwähnt. Die \Y orte lauten: Ar var alda, {)at er ärar gullo, hnigo lieilog votn af liimin- fiöllom, jia hafdi Helga inn liugom-stora Borghiidr borit i Brälundi. Nött var|) l bö, Nornir qvorao, |)aer er aujdingi aldr um skdpo: l j)ann ba|)o fylki frögstan ver[)a » ok buj)lünga beztan j)iccia. i Snero j)aev af afli aurlaug-j)ätto, er borgir-braut i Brälundi. VI J)oer um greiddo gullin si'mo und ok mäna-sal nii|)ian festo. Pxr austr ok vestr enda fälo, f>ar ätti loffningr land a milli; hra nipt Nera ä norjjr-vfcga einni lesti: ey ba{) Iion halda. / d. h. In alten Zeiten, als Aare sangen, Heilige Wasser rannen von Himmels-Bergen, Da hatte Helgin den hochgesinnten Borghildur geboren in Bralundur. Nacht war im Hause , Nomen kamen, Die dem Adeling Alter (Schicksal) schufen. Den Kämpen liielsen sie den kühnsten werden Und der Helden höchsten ihn scheinen. Schnürten mit Kraft Schicksals-Fäden, Da brachen Burgen in Bralundur. Festigten weithin güldne Fäden Mitten unter des Mondes Saale. Östlich und westlich bargen Enden sie, — Da lag des Königs Land inmitten; Wart Neri’s Nichte am Nordwege hin Einen Faden ; fest halten liiefs sie den. Nicht darf ich den Irthum weiterauseinander setzen; die Stelle selbst zeigt ihn deutlich, zumal da die Nornir selbst genannt werden. Darin aber haben jene Männer recht, dafs Y ala von at velia kommt; falsch nur war ihre hierortige Deutung dieses Wortes. Die Vaulur hiefsen Vaulur, nicht weil sie den Menschen das Schicksal selbst wählten (bestimmten), sondern weil sie unter der festgestellten Schicksale jedem das seinige anzeigen , aus der Menge herauswählen konnten. Der dritten Ableitung aber steht entgegen , dafs weder die altn. noch die althochd. Mundart ein wallen in dieser Bedeu- tung kennt.
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