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Leaves from a Beech Tree by Gwendolyn Beaufoy

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LEAVES FROM A BEECH TREE BY GWENDOLYN BEAUFOY Printed far the duthor by Basil Blackwell Oxford 1930 HADE AND PRurnD IN GREAT BRITAIN TO MARK HANBURY BEAUFOY IN HAPPY MEMORY MARK BEAUFOY. AGED 62, 1781 Painted by Gainsborough Frontispiece CONTENTS Leaves from a Beech Tree Pager The Beaufoys of Oxfordshire 23 The Beaufoys of Warwickshire from 1461 till 1678 43 The Beaufoys of Meriden and Evesham 63 The Beaufoys of Sou~ Lambeth 134 Colonel Mark Beaufoy, F.R.S. 162 Benjamin Beaufoy 185 Captain Mark Beaufoy 199 The Siddons Letters 241 Henry Benjamin Hanbury Beaufoy, F.R.S. 289 vii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Mark Beaufoy, Esq., aged 62, I 78 I Hugford and Beaufoy Brasses Beaufoy's Vinegar Yard, Cuper's Gardens, Lambeth View of the House, Cuper's Gardens, in I 848 Henry Beaufoy, Esq., M.P., died 1795 Mrs. Henry Beaufoy · Colonel Mark Beaufoy, F.R.S., died 1827 Margaretta Beaufoy, died I 800 Colonel Beaufoy's Guide up Mont Blanc in 1787 Captain Mark Beaufoy in 1 84 7 · Sarah Siddons in I 804 Henry Siddons, eldest son of William and Sarah Siddons Miss Fanny Kemble (Mrs. Butler) Mrs. H. Johnson (Actress) Miss Betty Sharpe of Bath Henry Benjamin Hanbury Beaufoy, F.R.S. Eliza Taylor, Mrs. Henry H. B. Beaufoy George Beaufoy, R.N., I 810 Captain George Beaufoy, R.N., I 847 IX Leaves from a Beech Tree LD letters of a bygone age have always had the greatest fascination for me, so when my husband brought me Oabout a dozen boxes of old family letters and papers, which had lain forgotten in some cupboard at the old South Lambeth house, I thought it was time for someone to sweep up the dead leaves of the ~ech Tree,in case some over-tidy hand might make a bonfire. Having started sweeping I had to go on and get the dustiest leaves of all, so have collected little scraps from Domesday Book, the Close Rolls, Calendar of Patent Rolls, Inquisitions, Catalogue of Antient Deeds, Calendar of Fine Rolls, Feudal Aids, etc., and various old County Histories. The family of Beaufoy take their name from a beech tree, and it literally means 'beautiful beech' (the old French for beech being 'fau' or 'fawe'), which tree is, and always has been, the family crest with the motto-'Sub Tegmine Fagi.' The name is spelt in Domesday as Galsagus, Bellofagus, Beau­ foe or Beaufo. The Latin version which was used until about the middle of the fourteenth century probably shows that some of the Beaufoys were among the leaders in the Italian wars, when Rollo crossed the Alps, and many Latinised their names to commemorate their victories. W ace in his Le Roman de Rou mentions ' Beaufou ' 'Le Chef-lieu de cette illustre et antique baronie est situe dans les environs de Pont-l'Eveque. Ces sigiieurs de Beaufou descendaient en ligne femi-nine de Raoul, comte d'lvry et frere uterin de Richard Ier. Celui qui assista a la conquete est appele Robert par Guillaume de Poitiers comme par notre auteur, et Raoul dans des documens contem­ porains. 11 finit ses jours ainsi que ses deux fils a l'abbaye du Bee. Ses descendauss ont fonde l'abbaye de Belle Etoile, et I 2 LEAVES FROM A BEECH TREE tenu un rang distangue, tant en Normand.is qu'en Angleterre et in lrlande, ou ils paraissent avoir forme des etablissemens des le douzieme siecle. La barronnie de Beaufoe passa, au quartorzieme siecle, dans la maison de Tilly, puis dans celle d'Harcourt, ou elle est restee jusqu a nos jours.' Robert de Beaufou is in 'The Catalogue of such Noblemen, Lordes and Gentlemen of name, as came into this lande with VVilliam Conquerour.' From the 1577 edition of Holinshed's Chronicles, Vol. II, pp. 293 and 294. Robert was either the son or brother to William de Beaufo (or Beaufou), Chaplain and Chancellor to William the Con­ queror previous to the Invasion. It is from this Bishop William that the present family of Beaufoy are descended. It seemed quite an ordinary event in those days for a Roman Catholic Bishop to have a family, politely termed by the old historians as nephews ! William had at least two or three sons, all of whom were given vast possessions in Norfolk and Suffolk by William the Conqueror after they had settled in this country. Blomefield, in his History of CJ'lzetjord (1739), says: 'William Bishop of Thetford 1085-mentioned in Domesday Book. William Galsagus, whose right surname was de Bello-Fago, or Beaufo, who was nominated by the King to the see of Thetford, on Christmas Day Io 85, and was consecrated at Canterbury in 1086; he did all he could to adorn and enrich his See, both in Buildings and Possessions, being a very wealthy man, and a Person of much worth for his Learning and Conduct, he is said by some Authors, to have been Chancellor to the King, as well as his Predecessor, but plain it is, he was in great Favour with the Conqueror, who gave him no less than thirty odd Manors, in Fee to him and his Heirs, besides Lands and Revenues in above forty other Towns, some of which belonged to Stigand, who had took them from the See, others to Earl Ralph, others to Guert, others to the See, to which at his Death, he left all those that did ever belong to it, with many others of his own Gift, being the greatest Benefactor that the Bishoprick ever had.' He died about I 09 r, and is supposed to have superin­ tended and finished the compiling of the Domesday Book. LEAVES FROM A BEECH TREE 3 There is a story that, according to the custom of those days, he opened, during his Inauguration, the New Testament at a venture for a divination, when his eye lighted on the passage 'Not this Man but Barabbas'; which was considered a µiost unfavourable omen both for himself and his See. The Con­ queror gave very large possessions in Norfolk, Suffolk, and Lincoln to Ralph, eldest son of William, for his services at the battle of Hastings. At Norwich the Church of St. John Baptist and the Holy Sepulchre in Berstreet1 'seems to have been founded by William de Bellofago or Beaufo, Bishop of Thetford, who died in 1091, and left it to his son, Richard de Beaufo, who held it in alms as rector, of the King's donation.' In I 107 Richard de Beaufo was made Archdeacon of Norwich and had a son, Al~, who succeeded him.. He built the hospital and church of St. Paul at Norwich, which was consecrated by Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury, and also gave the churches, glebes, and tithes of the four churches of St. Micllael, St. Peter, St. Andrew, and St. Margaret in Ormesby. These were worth 200 marks a year in Henry l's time and which the Bishop resigned when he gave them to the Hospital. Blomefield says of Ormesby : ''\Villiam Bishop of Thetford had a grant in fee of the lands of two freemen of Guerd­ and Richard, 1 son of Alan, held it of William. This William de Beaufoe the Bishop gave it to his See. In this town there were four churches and rectories, all in the gift of the Crown-and Richard de Beaufoe was presented to them by King Henry I. He was son of William de Beaufoe, and in I 107 was archdeacon of all Suffolk, and of Norfolk, and soon after made Bishop of Auranches in Normandy, and the said king granted him also the patronage of the said churches, all of which he gave with the consent of Adam [Alan] de Beaufoe to build the hospital of St. Pauls in Norwich.' Alan de Bellofago, dean of Samford, 3 gave some rent and lands to the nuns of St. Mary Wilkes. Alan was alive in 1 160, and it 1Blomefield. 2Richard settled at Waterperry in Oxfordshire about 1170. 3Probably Stamford. 4 LEAVES FROM A BEECH TREE was his son Richard who had land given him in Oxfordshire and Bucks by Henry, son of Henry II. The following ex­ tracts are taken from Blomefield's Norfolk. 'Swanton-Morley was the lordship of Ralph de Bellofago and at the Survey it was a large and valuable manor. He also held these lordships at the Survey: Newton, and Bircham in Docking hundred, Ringsted in Smethden hundred; Walton East in Freebridge hundred-Elingham in Shropham hundred; Lechesham and one in Derham, in Launditch hundred. Depcham in Fourhon hundred, with Morley and Berford and Crownthorpe :­ Hokeling, Tudenham, and East Tudenham, and Mateshale in Mitford hundred, Bastwick, and Tunestalle in Walessam hundred, as then called; Plumstead, and Blofield in Blafield hundred, Caster in Heimsted hundred, Reydon in Diss hun­ dred, Wroxham, Rachey and Taverham in Taverham hun­ dred, Salle in Einesford hundred; Buxton, Brampton, Scothow, Hobbies, Lammass, and Belaugh in South Erpingham hundred, Sloley in Tunsted hundred, Mulbarton, Carlton Swardeston, and Markeshall in Humbleyard hundred, Thrig­ by, Aldburgh, Norton, and Raveningham in Clavering hundred.' At the Conquest he had Harpham and some property in Norwich, also at Kenningham. His son, Ralph, had as well South Creke, Staberd (or Stiberde) and Alby Manor; he left one daughter and heiress, Agnes, who married Hubert de Rie,1 Castellan of Norwich Castle, and the son of Hubert de Rie. They had two daughters and co-heiresses: Aliva, married to John Marshall, 2 made Marshal of Ireland by King John in 1208; and Isabel, wife of Jeffrey de Chester, and secondly Roger de Cressi.
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