Accomplishments Research Progress

Research Progress and Accomplishments 1997-1999 A Selection of Papers Chronicling Technical Achievements of the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research The Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research The Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) is a national center of excellence in advanced technology applications that is dedicated to the reduction of earthquake losses nationwide. Headquartered at the University at Buffalo, State University of New York, the Center was originally established by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1986, as the National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER). Comprising a consortium of researchers from numerous disciplines and institutions throughout the United States, the Center’s mission is to reduce earthquake losses through research and the application of advanced technologies that improve engineering, pre-earthquake planning and post-earthquake recovery strategies. Toward this end, the Center coordinates a nationwide program of multidisciplinary team research, education and outreach activities. Funded principally by NSF, the State of New York and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the Center derives additional support from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), other state governments, academic institutions, foreign governments and private industry. Research Progress and Accomplishments 1997-1999 Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research University at Buffalo, State University of New York July 1999 Red Jacket Quadrangle, Buffalo, New York 14261 Tel: (716) 645-3391; Fax: (716) 645-3399; Email: [email protected] World Wide Web: http://mceer.buffalo.edu Foreword by George C. Lee, Director, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research he research accomplishments of the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research Tare as numerous as they are varied. Since the Center was established by the National Science Foundation (NSF) in 1986, its vision has been to help establish earthquake resilient communities throughout the United States and abroad. Over the past 13 years, our research and education programs have annually supported more than 80 investigators throughout the country and the world, to work toward this goal. Much has been accomplished, most notably in the areas of lifelines and protec- tive systems, but our vision has not yet been fully realized. Toward this end, we believe that the best way to achieve earthquake resilient communities in the short-term is to invest in two highly-focused system-integrated endeavors: • the rehabilitation of critical infrastructure facilities such as hospitals and lifelines that society will need and expect to be operational following an earthquake; and • the improvement of emergency response and crisis management capabilities to ensure efficient response and prompt recovery following earthquakes. Our research is conducted under the sponsorship of two major federal agencies, the NSF and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), and the state of New York. Significant support is also derived from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), other state governments, academic institutions, foreign governments and private industry. Together these resources are used to implement our research programs, as shown below. Earthquake Resilient Communities through Applications of Advanced Technologies Infrastructures that Must be Earthquake Response Available/Operational following and Recovery an Earthquake Hospitals Lifelines Urban Infrastructure Pipelines Research Outcomes Bridges and Power Water Will Impact Retrofit Highways Network Strategies for: and Gas • Other emergency buildings • Industrial facilities This Research Progress and Accomplishments report is intended to introduce the reader to and highlight some of MCEER’s research tasks that are currently in progress, and provide those in the earthquake engineering community with a glimpse of the foci and direction that our programs are taking. We anticipate that this information will contribute to the coordination and collaboration effort iii in earthquake engineering research nationally and globally. The presentation is in descriptive form with preliminary observations and recommendations, and provides an indication of future efforts. The research studies represented in this report are in various stages of completion. A few papers describe efforts that have been completed and are now represented in codes, standards, and regional or national guidelines. Others describe work in progress. Each paper, whether it be on developing loss estimation techniques, construction of a benchmark model for repetitive testing, or the vulnerability analysis of the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power’s vast network, provides a snapshot of how MCEER accomplishes its multidisciplinary and team-oriented research. The authors identify the sponsors of the research, collaborative partners, related research tasks within MCEER’s various programs, and links to research and implementation efforts outside MCEER’s program. MCEER works with all members of the earthquake engineering community, including practicing engineers and other design professionals, policymakers, regulators and code officials, facility and building owners, governmental entities, and other stakeholders who have responsibility for loss reduction de- cision making. The end users of the presented research are also highlighted within each paper, which we hope will enhance MCEER’s partnership programs with industry, government agencies and others. This report is the first in what we anticipate will be an annual compilation of research progress and accomplishments. Future issues will include a brief overview of our strategic research plan to further enhance cooperative research efforts. The report is available in both printed and electronic form (on our web site in PDF format at http://mceer.buffalo.edu) If you would like more information on any of the studies presented herein, or on other MCEER research or educational activities, you are encouraged to contact us by telephone at (716) 645-3391, facsimile (716) 645-3399, or email at [email protected]. iv Contents A New Application for Remotely Sensed Data: Construction of Building 1 Inventories Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology Ronald T. Eguchi, EQE International, Inc.; Bijan Houshmand, MCEER Consultant; Charles K. Huyck, EQE International, Inc; Masanobu Shinozuka, University of Southen California; and David M. Tralli, MCEER Consultant Improving Earthquake Loss Estimation: Review, Assessment and Extension of 13 Loss Estimation Methodologies Kathleen J. Tierney, University of Delaware; Stephanie E. Chang and Ronald T. Eguchi, EQE International, Inc.; Adam Rose, Pennsylvania State University; and Masanobu Shinozuka, University of Southern California Benchmark Models for Experimental Calibration of Seismic Fragility of Buildings 29 Andrei M. Reinhorn, Michael C. Constantinou and Dyah Kusumastuti, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Development of a Semi-Active Structural Control System 35 George C. Lee, Zhong Liang and Mai Tong, University at Buffalo, State University of New York GIS Characterization of the Los Angeles Water Supply, Earthquake 45 Effects and Pipeline Damage Thomas D. O’Rourke, Selcuk Toprak and Sang-Soo Jeon, Cornell University Axial Behavior Characteristics of Pipe Joints Under Static Loading 55 Emmanuel Maragakis, Raj Siddharthan and Ronald Meis, University of Nevada, Reno Seismic Performance Analysis of Electric Power Systems 61 Masanobu Shinozuka and Tsen-Chung Cheng, University of Southern California; Maria Q. Feng, University of California, Irvine; and Sheng-Taur Mau, New Jersey Institute of Technology National Representation of Seismic Hazard and Ground Motion for Highway Facilities 71 Maurice Power and Shyh-Jeng Chiou, Geomatrix Consultants, Inc. and Ronald L. Mayes, Dynamic Isolation Systems, Inc., for the Applied Technology Council Updating Assessment Procedures and Developing a Screening Guide for Liquefaction 81 T. Leslie Youd, Brigham Young University v Fragility Curve Development for Assessing the Seismic Vulnerability of 91 Highway Bridges John B. Mander, University at Buffalo, State University of New York Changes in the New AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Isolation Design 101 Michael C. Constantinou,University at Buffalo, State University of New York Seismic Retrofitting Manuals for Highway Systems 111 Ian M. Friedland, Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research and Ian G. Buckle, University of Auckland vi A New Application for Remotely Sensed Data: Construction of Building Inventories Using Synthetic Aperture Radar Technology by Ronald T. Eguchi, EQE International, Inc.; Bijan Houshmand, MCEER Consultant; Charles K. Huyck, EQE International, Inc.; Masanobu Shinozuka, University of Southern California; and David M. Tralli, MCEER Consultant Research Objectives The MCEER research team is attempting to use Synthetic Aperature Radar MCEER/NSF (SAR) technology in combination with digital elevation models (DEM) to cre- ate building inventories for highly urbanized areas. If successful, these techniques could revolutionize the way in which structural inventory data are compiled for large cities. One particular application that is especially relevant to the MCEER program is the development of building inventory data for loss estimation modeling. Current methods of inventory development

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