Declared plants aquaticaquatic creepercreeper grassgrass of alligator weed arrowhead bridal creeper bridal creeper African feathergrass African lovegrass Chilean needlegrass Coolatai grass Are they on your land? common form Western Cape form

There are over 100 species of declared plants in South Australia. See inside for 56 plants that may be more commonly encountered or are newly emerging threats.

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Alternanthera philoxeroides Sagittaria montevidensis Asparagus asparagoides Asparagus asparagoides Pennisetum macrourum Eragrostis curvula Nassella neesiana Hyparrhenia hirta invades floodplains and invades wetlands and smothers native plants smothers native plants competes with pastures, competes with pastures invades pastures & bushland, fire hazard, invades pastures waterways waterways Grows annually from perennial Leaves larger, flatter, thick, waxy, fire hazard Perennial. Leaf tips curled. spiny seeds &bushland Perennial. Creeping, hollow stems. Perennial. Leaves on long stalks. root system. Red, round berries. dark blue-green. Larger tubers in Perennial. Large, dense Grey-green, spreading Perennial. Purplish flowering heads. Perennial. Large grass. V-shaped Papery, white, ball-like flowers. Flowers have 3 white petals. Soil tubers arranged like vertical clusters. Red berries. tussocks. Long, slender flower heads. Spined seeds with long awns. pairs of spikelets on branched horizontal rope. flower heads. Also declared: Stipoid grasses including flowering stems. Texas needlegrass (N. leucotricha) salvinia water hyacinth bridal veil dodders innocent weed Mexican feathergrass pink pampas grass serrated tussock

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Salvinia molesta Eichhornia crassipes Asparagus declinatus introduced Cuscuta spp. Cenchrus incertus & Nassella tenuissima Cortaderia jubata Nassella trichotoma covers creeks and dams covers creeks and dams smothers native plants parasitic on lucerne and Cenchrus longispinus competes with pastures, invades bushland, sharp competes with pastures,

Image by Kate Blood Floating fern. Hairy, Floating. Lilac flowers. Grows annually from perennial other crops burred seeds injure animals spiny seeds leaves, fire hazard spiny seeds oval leaves. Swollen stem bases. root system. Thick, underground Annual. Twining, leafless, Annual. Summer-growing, Short Perennial. Thin, tightly rolled, finely Very large, perennial grass. Perennial. Thin, tightly rolled, finely mat of tubers. Greenish-white, yellow/red/pink stems. Small, stature. Bent, reddish stem bases. serrated leaves. Recently sold by Tall, pink, fluffy flower spikes, serrated leaves. Weeping flower oval berries. bell-shaped flowers. nurseries under various names. fading to white. heads. Small seeds with long awns.

Declared plants and you… herbherb Every landowner in South Australia has legal responsibilities to manage declared plants. They are plants that are regulated under the Natural Resources African rue artichoke thistle Bathurst burr bladder campion broomrapes bulbil watsonia Calomba daisy caltrop Management Act 2004. Declared plants are significant weed threats to our State’s primary production industries, natural environments and public safety.

Plant species may be declared under various sections of the NRM Act, relating to: Movement – Some declared plants must not be moved on a public road (e.g. as a cutting, seed or potted specimen). Inadvertent movement of the plant on animals, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce may also be illegal.

Sale – Many declared plants must not be sold at any 6 6 2 outlet including nurseries, pet shops and market stalls. Sale of any animal, soil, vehicle, machinery or produce Peganum harmala Cynara cardunculus Xanthium spinosum Silene vulgaris introduced Orobanche spp. Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera Oncosiphon suffruticosum Tribulus terrestris contaminated with the plant may also be illegal. invades rangeland pastures, invades annual pastures, burrs contaminate wool, competes with crops & pastures parasitic on broad-leaved crops invades bushland, unpalatable invades annual pastures, toxic to livestock, spiny fruits Notification – The presence and locations of some unpalatable spiny leaves spined stems Perennial with creeping roots. Annual. Leafless, tan-coloured Grows annually in winter unpalatable Prostrate annual. Blueish declared plants on your own land must be reported Bushy perennial. Bitter smell. Perennial. Blue-green, spined Annual. Leaves dark green on Balloon-like swellings below flowering stem emerges from from corms. Fan-shaped cluster Annual. Finely divided leaves. leaves split into leaflets. to the local NRM group of your regional NRM board. Leaves divided into narrow straps. leaves. Large, purple flowers top and light green underneath. white flower petals. underground tuber. of erect, sword-shaped leaves. Unpleasant chamomile smell. Yellow flowers. Control – As a landowner you are required to take Cream, 5-petalled flowers. on tall spikes in spring. Yellow spines. action to destroy or control many declared plant species present on your property, regardless of whether it is creeping knapweed cutleaf mignonette false caper hoary cress horehound horsetail khaki weed Lincoln weed used as a business, residence or for other purposes. NRM groups also control certain declared plants on road reserves and can recover costs of control from the adjoining landowners.

Find out what provisions of the NRM Act apply to each declared plant in your area by contacting your regional NRM board or at www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/biosecurity

State Alert weeds Plants indicated in red are State Alerts – if you see one of these plant species then please report it immediately 11 6 8 6 to your regional NRM board. Acroptilon repens Reseda lutea Euphorbia terracina Cardaria draba Marrubium vulgare Equisetum spp. Alternanthera pungens Diplotaxis tenuifolia competes with crops & pastures competes with crops non-palatable to livestock competes with crops competes with pastures, competitive, toxic to livestock invades pastures, spiny seeds competitve, unpalatable Perennial with creeping roots. & pastures Perennial. Erect. Reddish stems. Perennial with creeping roots. unpalatable Perennial with creeping roots. Prostrate, summer-growing Deep-rooted perennial. Blue-green leaves. Pinkish-purple Perennial with creeping roots. Milky sap. Green, cup-shaped Stems topped with clusters Perennial. Stems with dense, Erect, hollow, finely ribbed shoots annual or perennial. Yellow, 4-petalled flowers. thistle flowers. Yellow flowers in erect spikes. flowers. of white flowers. Heart-shaped white hairs. Aromatic, crinkled bear fruiting cones. Oval leaves. Tastes like rocket. Cylindrical seed capsules. seed capsules. leaves. Burrs. herbherb [continued]

Noogoora burr one-leaf Cape tulip parthenium weed prickly pear salvation Jane silverleaf nightshade Advice on managing declared plants

Landowners have the legal responsibility to control declared plants. South Australia’s eight regional Natural Resources Management Boards coordinate and enforce local and regional control programs for declared plants.

Declarations of plants (including local requirements for control) vary between and within NRM regions. Priority species for regional control programs also vary depending on the threats a weed poses in particular Five tips for successful weed control 10 localities, whether it is a new invader or widespread, ease of control and time of year. • Prevention is cheap – Insist that vehicles, machinery, Xanthium strumarium agg. Moraea flaccida Parthenium hysterophorus Opuntia spp. Echium plantagineum Solanum elaeagnifolium livestock and produce coming onto your property do burrs contaminate wool, toxic to livestock competitive, highly forms prickly thickets toxic to livestock, competitive competes with crops & pastures not carry weed seeds. Report sales of declared plants. competitive Grows annually in winter from allergenic, toxic Succulent, spined perennials. Annual. Initally grow as large, Perennial with creeping roots. Pay particular attention to Alert Weeds – most have yet Tall, summer-growing annuals. corms. One long, flat leaf. Tall, summer-growing annual. Pad-like stems. “dinner-plate” rosettes. Covered Silvery-green felted leaves. to become established in SA. Grapevine-like leaves. Multiple salmon flowers. Pale green, deeply lobed, leaves Note: spineless O. ficus indica in short, bristly hairs. Yellow berries. • Find weeds early –Gettoknowplantsonyourproperty Also declared: two-leaf Cape tulip with fine hairs. Small, white daisy is not declared and quickly identify and deal with new threats. ( M. miniata) flowers on stem tips. • Watch your spread – Take measures to contain weed infestations and prevent further seed dispersal across skeleton weed soldier thistle three corner jack variegated thistle water dropwort yellow burrweed your property. • Plan your controls – Obtain information about managing your target weed. Map the area you need to treat. Treat weeds when they are young. Use the recommended control method. Use selective herbicides. South Australia’s NRM Boards Minimise damage to non-weeds. Establish and promote competing vegetation. and • Persistence, persistence – Continue follow-up treatments over many years. Some plants may have Alinytjara Wilurara been missed, some may have not died and new seedlings may emerge.

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Chondrilla juncea Picnomon acarna Emex spp. Silybum marianum Oenanthe pimpinelloides Amsinckia spp. Northern and Yorke Photo credits key: competes with crops invades annual pastures, competitive, spiny seeds, toxic competitive, toxic, spiny leaves competes with pastures, competitive, toxic to livestock 1Adelaide&MtLofty 6Harvey,Adrian 11 Roberts, Grant South Australian Arid Lands Ranges NRM Board 7Imhof, Mark 12 Shepherd, Ben Perennial with creeping roots. Tall, spined stems Prostrate to semi-erect, winter- Annual-biennial with tall spikes unpalatable Annual. Similar to salvation Jane 2Blood,Kate 8Michelmore,Peter 13 Wilson, Colin G 3Curwell,Richard 9Pitt, John 14 www.weedinfo. leafless flowering stems. Yellow Annual. Covered in yellow spines. growing annual. Oval leaves. of large, purple flowers. Spiny Grows annually from tubers. but with smaller, yellow flowers. South Australian Murray-Darling Basin 4Gillen,Paul 10 Queensland Department com.au [RG & FJ flowers. Wind-blown seed. Pink-purple flowers. Wind- Spined fruits. leaves blotched with white veins. Finely divided leaves. Clusters 5Grech,Charles of Employment, Economic Richardson] blown seeds. of white flowers on long stalks. South East Development and Innovation

Contact your regional NRM board’s local office to Northern & Yorke NRM Board shrubshrub & tree & tree get advice on which declarations are relevant for www.nynrm.sa.gov.au you and your property, and how to manage your E [email protected] weed problems: Crystal Brook (head office) 8636 2361 African boxthorn Athel pine blackberry boneseed Cape broom English/Scotch broom Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges NRM Board Riverton 8847 2544 www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au Minlaton 8853 2795 E [email protected] Orroroo 8658 1086 Adelaide (head office) 8273 9100 South Australian Arid Lands NRM Board Gawler 8523 7700 www.saalnrm.sa.gov.au Lobethal 8389 6166 E [email protected] Willunga 8550 3400 Port Augusta (head office) 8648 5977 Alinytjara Wilurara NRM Board South Australian Murray-Darling Basin www.awnrm.sa.gov.au NRM Board E [email protected] www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au Adelaide (head office) 8357 3880 6 12 13 E [email protected] Ceduna 8625 3706 Murray Bridge (head office) 8532 1432 Lycium ferocissimum Tamarix aphylla Rubus fruticosus agg. Chrysanthemoides monilifera Genista monspessulana Cytisus scoparius Berri 8582 4477 Eyre Peninsula NRM Board forms prickly thickets excludes native plants forms prickly thickets subsp. monilifera invades bushland, fire hazard invades bushland Burra 8892 3033 www.epnrm.sa.gov.au Spined twigs. Light green in riparian areas Thorny canes. Leaves divided into invades bushland Erect, evergreen, woody Erect, summer-deciduous, woody Lameroo 8576 3400 E [email protected] fleshy leaves. White flowers. Drooping, grey-green, needle- 3–5 leaflets. Five-petalled, white- Bright green, waxy leaves with legume. Leaves with 3 leaflets. legume. Green, ridged stems. Mt Barker 8391 7500 Red, round berries. like foliage exuding salt. Small, pink flowers. Various species. some white down. Green-black, Yellow pea flowers. Large, yellow pea flowers. (head office) 8682 7775 pinkish-white flowers. round berries. Tumby Bay 8688 2610 South East NRM Board Elliston 8687 9330 www.senrm.sa.gov.au feral olive gorse hawthorn mesquite rhus tree sweet briar Streaky Bay 8626 1108 E [email protected] Ceduna 8625 3060 Mt Gambier (head office) 8724 6000 Wudinna 8680 2653 Information on declared plant management Cleve 8628 2077 can also be obtained from: 8640 3480 Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation Kangaroo Island NRM Board NRM Biosecurity Unit www.kinrm.sa.gov.au www.dwlbc.sa.gov.au/biosecurity E [email protected] E [email protected] Kingscote 8553 4300 Adelaide 8303 9620

9 www.nrm.sa.gov.au Olea europaea Ulex europaeus Crataegus monogyna Prosopis spp. Toxicodendron succedaneum Rosa rubiginosa invades bushland, fire hazard forms prickly thickets invades bushland forms prickly thickets severely allergenic with forms prickly thickets Erect, bushy, evergreen tree. Large, spiny, many branched Shrub or small tree. Winter Shrubs & trees. Bipinnate leaves. skin contact Erect to scrambling growth. Pink, Leaves glossy dark green on top, woody legume. Leaves are spine- deciduous. Spined branches. Long, dense yellow flower Small deciduous tree. Dark green 5-petalled flowers. Red rose hips. silvery below. like. Large, yellow pea flowers. Lobed leaves. White, apple clusters. Beaded pods. leaves made up 7–15 pairs of opposite leaflets, turning brilliant Also declared: dog rose (R. canina) blossom flowers. Red, round, red in autumn. Small cream fleshy fruits. flowers. Papery, brown berries.