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DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL OF VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-7 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL OF VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA : PROCEDURES, DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS L.A.Taylor B.W. Eakins K.S. Carignan R.R. Warnken T. Sazonova D.C. Schoolcraft G.F. Sharman National Geophysical Data Center Marine Geology and Geophysics Division Boulder, Colorado January 2008 NATIONAL OCEANIC AND National Environmental Satellite, noaa ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION / Data, and Information Service 1 Taylor et al., 2008 2 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL OF VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-7 DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL OF VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA: PROCEDURES, DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS Lisa A. Taylor1 B arry W. Eakins2 Kelly S. Carignan2 Robin R. Warnken1 Tatiana Sazonova2 David C. Schoolcraft1 George F. Sharman1 1NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado 2Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder National Geophysical Data Center Marine Geology and Geophysics Division Boulder, Colorado January 2008 UNITED STATES NATIONAL OCEANIC AND National Environmental Satellite, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION Data, and Information Service Carlos M. Gutierrez VADM Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr. Mary E. Kicza Secretary Under Secretary for Oceans Assistant Administrator and Atmosphere/Administrator i Taylor et al., 2008 NOTICE Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by the NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. Use of information from this publication concerning proprietary products or the test of such products for publicity or advertising purposes is not authorized. Corresponding author contact: Lisa A. Taylor NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center Marine Geology and Geophysics Division 325 Broadway, E/GC 3 Boulder, Colorado 80305 Phone: 303-497-6767 Fax: 303-497-6513 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/inundation/ Also available from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) (http://www.ntis.gov) ii DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL OF VIRGINIA BEACH, VIRGINIA Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................1 2. Study Area ..........................................................................................................................................2 3. Methodology ......................................................................................................................................2 3.1 Data Sources and Processing ......................................................................................................3 3.1.1 Shoreline ................................................................................................................4 3.1.2 Bathymetry ............................................................................................................8 3.1.3 Topography ..........................................................................................................18 3.1.4 Topography–Bathymetry .....................................................................................23 3.2 Establishing Common Datums .................................................................................................25 3.2.1 Vertical datum transformations ...........................................................................25 3.2.2 Horizontal datum transformations .......................................................................26 3.3 Digital Elevation Model Development .....................................................................................26 3.3.1 Verifying consistency between datasets ..............................................................26 3.3.2 Averaging of City of Virginia Beach LiDAR data ..............................................27 3.3.3 Smoothing of bathymetric data ...........................................................................27 3.3.4 Gridding the data with MB-System.....................................................................27 3.4 Quality Assessment of the DEM ...............................................................................................28 3.4.1 Horizontal accuracy .............................................................................................28 3.4.2 Vertical accuracy .................................................................................................28 3.4.3 Slope maps and 3-D perspectives ........................................................................28 3.4.4 Comparison with source data files.......................................................................30 3.4.5 Comparison with NOAA tidal stations ................................................................30 3.4.6 Comparison with NGS geodetic monuments ......................................................30 4. Summary and Conclusions ...............................................................................................................32 5. Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................32 6. References ........................................................................................................................................32 7. Data Processing Software ................................................................................................................34 List of figures Figure 1. Shaded-relief image of the Virginia Beach, Virginia region .......................................................1 Figure 2. Geologic cross-section showing stratigraphy of Atlantic Coastal Plain .....................................2 Figure 3. Source and coverage of datasets used to compile the Virginia Beach DEM ..............................3 Figure 4. Electronic Navigational Charts available for the Virginia Beach DEM .....................................5 Figure 5. Digital coastline segments used to create a ‘combined coastline’ for the Virginia Beach region ...................................................................................................................................7 Figure 6. Digital NOS hydrographic survey coverage in the Virginia Beach region ...............................11 Figure 7. Spatial coverage of NOS shallow-water multibeam swath sonar surveys in the vicinity of Virginia Beach that were utilized in DEM development ...................................................12 Figure 8. Detail of NOS multibeam survey H11303 ................................................................................13 Figure 9. Spatial coverage of USACE surveys of dredged shipping channels and the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway in the vicinity of Virginia Beach ...................................................14 Figure 10. Spatial coverage of NGDC-digitized sections of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway..............15 Figure 11. Spatial coverage of soundings extracted from ENC #12253 ....................................................16 Figure 12. Spatial coverage of soundings extracted from ENCs in the Delmarva Peninsula region .........17 Figure 13. Color image of NED 1/3 arc-second data in the Hampton, Virginia area.................................19 Figure 14. Color image of striations within the NED 1 arc-second data in the Delmarva Peninsula ........19 Figure 15. SRTM data in the vicinity of Fishermans Island ......................................................................20 Figure 16. Color image of City of Virginia Beach LiDAR data in the vicinity of Little Creek Channel ..............................................................................................................................21 Figure 17. Google Earth satellite image of Little Creek Channel ..............................................................22 iii Taylor et al., 2008 Figure 18. Spatial coverage of JALBTCX high-resolution, combined bathymetric-topographic, coastal LiDAR surveys in the vicinity of Virginia Beach that were utilized in DEM development .............................................................................................................24 Figure 19. Spatial coverage of VDatum transformation tools within Virginia Beach DEM boundary .....25 Figure 20. Histogram of the difference between the NOS hydrographic survey and the 1 arc-second NOS pre-surfaced bathymetric grid .............................................................27 Figure 21. Slope map of the Virginia Beach DEM in the vicinity of Newport News ................................29 Figure 22. Perspective view from the east of the Virginia Beach DEM ....................................................29 Figure 23. Histogram of the difference between one JALBTCX coastal bathymetric–topographic LiDAR survey file and the Virginia Beach DEM ..............................................................30 Figure 24. Location of NGS monuments and NOAA tide stations in the vicinity of Virginia Beach........31 Figure 25. Histogram of the differences between NGS geodetic monument elevations and the Virginia Beach DEM .........................................................................................................31 List of tabLes Table 1. PMEL specifications for the Virginia Beach DEM .....................................................................2 Table 2. Shoreline datasets used in compiling the Virginia Beach DEM