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Famille Zacharie Cloutier Les CLOUTIER de Mortagne-au-Perche 1 Les CLOUTIER de Mortagne-au-Perche en France et leurs descendants au Canada Essai de généalogie portant sur la lignée de Raoul Clouthier et de sa famille, issue de Zacharie Cloutier, premier colon du nom venu de France au Canada en juin 1634. Sont aussi comprises dans cette étude des généalogies abrégées des familles Lafond, Darche et Fortin auxquelles Raoul Clouthier est allié par son ascendance maternelle et par son mariage. Recherches, compilation et rédaction effectuées par RAOUL CLOUTHIER, 3222, avenue Kent, à Montréal. Travail terminé en janvier 1973. Transcrit pour ordinateur par son petit-fils, Pierre Cloutier, New Minas, Nouvelle-Ecosse, en 2002. Si vous désirez mentionner cet ouvrage sur votre site Web, affichez le lien plutôt que le télécharger, car cet ouvrage continue d=être édité et indexé: www.kyber.biz/download.html. Scanned and OCR=ed by his grand-son, Pierre Cloutier, New Minas, Nova Scotia, in 2002. If you wish to feature this document on your web site, link to the URL rather than storing the file, as it is being revised and indexed: www.kyber.biz/download.html. www.kyber.biz/download.html 27 September 2003 Les CLOUTIER de Mortagne-au-Perche 2 L'impardonnable abandon du Canada par la France en 1760 La Nouvelle-France aurait pu être sauvée si l'inepte Louis XV et ses ministres incompétents avaient su apprécier les immenses possibilités du continent nord-américain et, en conséquence, eussent appuyé avec plus d'efficacité et d'énergie les armées de Montcalm et Lévis, de 1755 à 1760. Quelques considérations sur l'histoire de la Normandie et du Perche ... et sur les raisons qui ont pu motiver l'émigration de nombreux colons normands et percherons vers le Canada, au 17ème siècle. "J'irai revoir ma Normandie... C'est le pays qui m'a donné le jour!" Encore au début du siècle, bien des gens dans nos campagnes chantaient parfois une vieille complainte qui commençait par les mots cités ci-dessus et qui rappelait le pays natal de la plupart des premiers colons qui vinrent se fixer en Nouvelle-France, à partir de 1634. Plus de cent ans après que la France, desservie par l'incurie de ses gouvernants, eut perdu sa plus belle colonie et raté sa chance de créer une Amérique de langue et de culture françaises, les Canadiens aimaient encore évoquer le souvenir de l'époque où le drapeau fleurdelisé flottait fièrement sur les immenses territoires qui s'étendaient de l'Acadie jusqu'aux confins de la Louisiane. C'était tout un empire sur lequel la mère patrie aurait pu faire briller le flambeau de son génie. Ils connaissaient, par les récits des anciens, les actions héroïques et les faits glorieux qui avaient marqué, dès les débuts, l'histoire de la colonie et ils savaient quel courage il avait fallu aux ancêtres pour amorcer le développement de ce vaste pays, si riche en ressources de toutes sortes et qui, normalement, aurait dû rester rattaché à la France. Malgré le long laps de temps écoulé depuis la Conquête et l'abandon dans lequel on les avait laissés lors du traité de Paris, en 1763, nos gens n'avaient pas oublié la terre de France, plus particulièrement le Perche et la Normandie, petite patrie des premières recrues qui vinrent appuyer l'entreprise de Samuel de Champlain à Québec. Longtemps même après la cession du Canada à l'Angleterre, plusieurs des plus francophiles des nôtres espéraient encore pouvoir un jour arborer le drapeau de France sur les bords du Saint-Laurent. Les chroniques du temps n'ont-elles pas décrit en termes lyriques l'accueil enthousiaste qui fut fait en 1855 à la frégate "La Capricieuse", le premier bateau français à venir mouiller dans les ports de Québec et Montréal après la défaite de Montcalm sur les Plaines d'Abraham, près d'un siècle plus tôt? Mais les espoirs de la population francophone du pays furent vains et les Canadiens durent se consoler en continuant de fredonner les vieux refrains qui avaient été apportés ici par les ancêtres. Déchirée par les excès de la Révolution, puis saignée à blanc par les guerres continuelles de l'aventurier Bonaparte, la France ne se soucia plus guère de ces pauvres paysans d'Amérique, qu'elle n'avait pas su défendre à l'heure du péril. Nous fûmes donc laissés à la merci de l'Angleterre qui, loin d'user des moyens de coercition généralement employés par les conquérants, nous permit de garder notre langue, nos lois, nos curés et nos fermes, pendant que ses fils, plus agressifs, plus ambitieux et mieux préparés, s'accaparaient le commerce, l'industrie et, naturellement, l'argent. Eut-il mieux valu pour nous de nous associer carrément aux Anglais dès la reddition de Lévis à Montréal, en 1760, accepter d'apprendre leur langue, assimiler leur culture et leur formation intellectuelle, plutôt que de nous renfrogner dans une constante opposition, de nous cacher derrière les clochers de nos églises et consentir à rester d'éternels minoritaires? La question se pose encore en 1972. La Nouvelle-France aurait pu être sauvée. On peut aisément imaginer ce qui aurait pu être le destin de l'Amérique du Nord si, au lieu d'épuiser ses forces à guerroyer en Europe centrale pour des motifs aussi futiles que la succession au trône de Pologne ou la légitimité des prétentions de l'impératrice Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche sur la Silésie, la France eut envoyé en 1755 quelques milliers d'hommes de plus au Canada, pour combattre les troupes des colonies anglaises d'Amérique. Des personnes averties ont prétendu que si Lévis, au cours de la Guerre de Sept-Ans, avait pu disposer de seulement 10,000 soldats de plus pour la défense de Québec et le soutien des avant-postes de la colonie, il aurait facilement écrasé les Anglais et maintenu l'hégémonie de la France en Amérique. N'aurait-il pas mieux valu déployer cet effort au Canada, plutôt que d'en faire bénéficier, quinze ans plus tard, les www.kyber.biz/download.html 27 September 2003 Les CLOUTIER de Mortagne-au-Perche 3 colons américains qui cherchaient à secouer le joug de l'Angleterre et gagner leur indépendance? Ce fut à eux que Paris envoya les 10,000 soldats et marins, sous le commandement du général Rochambeau et de l'amiral d'Estaing, assurant par le fait même le succès de la Révolution américaine et la naissance de la nation anglophone qui est devenue la plus puissante du monde à l'heure actuelle. Il est intéressant de mentionner ici que lorsque l'armée américaine, sous le commandement du général Montgomery, vint mettre le siège devant Québec dans l'hiver 1775-76, les populations des campagnes environnantes montrèrent fort peu d'enthousiasme pour la cause de leurs nouveaux maîtres, les Anglais. Si l'Histoire nous signale avec fierté la part prise par la troupe du capitaine Chabot dans la défense de la ville de Québec en cette occasion, elle n'insiste pas trop sur l'attitude négative des habitants des paroisses de la région qui, eux, n'avaient pas oublié que quinze ans à peine s'étaient écoulés depuis que le drapeau de France avait cessé de flotter sur les forts de la colonie. Il s'en fallut de peu d'ailleurs pour que ces braves gens, dans un esprit de rancune légitime, se joignent en masse aux forces des Américains rebelles et unissent leur sort à celui de la jeune république du Sud. Un grand nombre de citoyens canadiens pactisèrent ouvertement avec les envahisseurs, leur fournirent vivres et assistance, plusieurs même acceptant de servir dans leurs régiments. Les pressions exercées par le clergé du temps, ainsi que par les membres de certaines familles influentes, lesquels, dès la cession du pays aux Anglais, s'étaient empressés de courtiser les autorités et de se faire accepter par elles, empêchèrent sûrement des défections générales parmi la population à cet instant critique. Les recherches dans les vieux écrits et documents nécessitées par la préparation du présent travail, ont révélé que des Cloutier de la Côte de Beaupré et de St-Pierre-du-Sud, avaient, avec plusieurs de leurs concitoyens, aidé ouvertement les troupes américaines cantonnées dans leurs parages avant le siège de Québec. Dans la généalogie de la famille Lafond, qui suit ici celle des Cloutier, on voit que Pierre-Simon Lafond de la Baie-du-Febvre, ancêtre de Raoul Clouthier du côté maternel, s'enrôla dans un corps de volontaires canadiens et alla faire le coup de feu aux Etats-Unis, contre les Anglais, durant la guerre de l'Indépendance. On peut faire aujourd'hui bien des conjectures sur ce qui serait advenu des "abandonnés de 1760" et de leurs descendants, si tous les Canadiens avaient fait cause commune avec les Américains à ce moment-là. Il est certain que l'américanisation qui nous menace si gravement aujourd'hui, serait depuis longtemps chose faite au Canada et, qu'en conséquence, bien des conflits et des récriminations auraient été évités. Les courageux colons du Perche et de la Normandie, en même temps que ceux du Poitou, de la Saintonge et autres lieux, riches seulement de courage et de probité, s'étaient imposé les plus grands sacrifices pour jeter les bases d'une France nouvelle en Amérique. Mais ils furent malheureusement très mal secondés par la plupart de ceux qui représentaient l'autorité. Les grands de France, favorisé par la fortune et comblés d'honneurs et de faveurs, ne surent pas, à l'heure du danger, protéger le fruit des labeurs de ces humbles pionniers.
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