The Mars Express Mission: an Overview
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Gravimetric Missions in Japanese Lunar Explorer, SELENE
Gravimetric Missions in Japanese Lunar Explorer, SELENE H. Hanada1), T. Iwata2), N. Namiki3), N. Kawano1), K. Asari1), T. Ishikawa1), F. Kikuchi1), Q. Liu1), K. Matsumoto1), H. Noda1), J. Ping4), S. Tsuruta1), K. Iwadate1), O. Kameya1), S. Kuji1), Y. Tamura1), X. Hong4), Y. Aili5), S. Ellingsen6) 1) National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 3) Kyushu University 4) Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences 5)Urumqi Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences 6) University of Tasmania ABSTRACT SELENE (SElenological and Engineering Explorer), is a mission in preparation for launch in 2007 by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency), it carries 15 missions, two of which (RSAT and VRAD) are gravimetric experiments using radio waves. The RSAT (Relay Satellite Transponder) mission will undertake 4-way Doppler measurements of the main orbiter through the Rstar sub-satellite. This is in addition to 2-way Doppler and ranging measurements of the satellites and will realize the first direct observation of the gravity fields on the far side of the Moon. The VRAD (Differential VLBI Radio Source) mission involves observing the trajectories of Rstar and Vstar using differential VLBI with both a Japanese network (VERA), and an international network. We have already finished development of the onboard instruments and are carrying out proto-flight tests under various conditions. We have also performed test VLBI observations of orbiters with the international network. 1. INTRODUCTION Although it is the nearest astronomical body to the Earth, there are many unsolved problems relating to the origin and the evolution of the Moon. Numerous lunar explorations have been made with the aim of elucidating these problems, however, we still know little of the deep interior of the Moon. -
Planetary Report Report
The PLANETARYPLANETARY REPORT REPORT Volume XXIX Number 1 January/February 2009 Beyond The Moon From The Editor he Internet has transformed the way science is On the Cover: Tdone—even in the realm of “rocket science”— The United States has the opportunity to unify and inspire the and now anyone can make a real contribution, as world’s spacefaring nations to create a future brightened by long as you have the will to give your best. new goals, such as the human exploration of Mars and near- In this issue, you’ll read about a group of amateurs Earth asteroids. Inset: American astronaut Peggy A. Whitson who are helping professional researchers explore and Russian cosmonaut Yuri I. Malenchenko try out training Mars online, encouraged by Mars Exploration versions of Russian Orlan spacesuits. Background: The High Rovers Project Scientist Steve Squyres and Plane- Resolution Camera on Mars Express took this snapshot of tary Society President Jim Bell (who is also head Candor Chasma, a valley in the northern part of Valles of the rovers’ Pancam team.) Marineris, on July 6, 2006. Images: Gagarin Cosmonaut Training This new Internet-enabled fun is not the first, Center. Background: ESA nor will it be the only, way people can participate in planetary exploration. The Planetary Society has been encouraging our members to contribute Background: their minds and energy to science since 1984, A dust storm blurs the sky above a volcanic caldera in this image when the Pallas Project helped to determine the taken by the Mars Color Imager on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter shape of a main-belt asteroid. -
Lessons from Insight for Future Planetary Seismology
Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte (OATAO ) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the wor of some Toulouse researchers and ma es it freely available over the web where possible. This is a publisher's version published in: https://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/26931 Official URL : https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JE006353 To cite this version : Panning, M. P. and Pike, W. T. and Lognonné, Philippe,... [et al.]On͈Deck Seismology: Lessons from InSight for Future Planetary Seismology. (2020) Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 125 (4). ISSN 2169-9097 Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] RESEARCH ARTICLE On-Deck Seismology: Lessons from InSight for Future 10.1029/2019JE006353 Planetary Seismology Special Section: 1 2 3 1 4 5 InSightatMars M. P. Panning , W. T. Pike , P. Lognonné , W. B. Banerdt , N. Murdoch , D. Banfield , C. Charalambous2 , S. Kedar1, R. D. Lorenz6 , A. G. Marusiak7 , J. B. McClean2,8 ,C. 1 9 2 10 Key Points: Nunn , S. C. Stähler ,A.E.Stott , and T. Warren • Based on InSight recordings, 1 2 atmospheric noise is amplified for Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA, Department of Electrical and seismic sensors on deck, consistent Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK, 3Planetology and Space Science Team, Université de with Viking observations Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe, CNRS, Paris, France, 4Department of Electronics, Optronics and Signal Processing, • -
Esa Publications
number 172 | 4th quarter 2017 bulletin → united space in europe European Space Agency The European Space Agency was formed out of, and took over the rights and The ESA headquarters are in Paris. obligations of, the two earlier European space organisations – the European Space Research Organisation (ESRO) and the European Launcher Development The major establishments of ESA are: Organisation (ELDO). The Member States are Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, ESTEC, Noordwijk, Netherlands. Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Slovenia is an Associate Member. Canada ESOC, Darmstadt, Germany. takes part in some projects under a cooperation agreement. Bulgaria, Cyprus, Malta, Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia have cooperation agreements with ESA. ESRIN, Frascati, Italy. ESAC, Madrid, Spain. In the words of its Convention: the purpose of the Agency shall be to provide for and to promote, for exclusively peaceful purposes, cooperation among European EAC, Cologne, Germany. States in space research and technology and their space applications, with a view to their being used for scientific purposes and for operational space applications ECSAT, Harwell, United Kingdom. systems: ESEC, Redu, Belgium. → by elaborating and implementing a long-term European space policy, by recommending space objectives to the Member States, and by concerting the policies of the Member States with respect to other national -
New Views of the Moon Enabled by Combined Remotely Sensed and Lunar Sample Data Sets, a Lunar Initiative
New Views of the Moon Enabled by Combined Remotely Sensed and Lunar Sample Data Sets, A Lunar Initiative Using the hand tool on your Reader, click on the links below to view that particular section of the proposal. Proposal Summary Scientific/Technical/Management Objectives and Expected Significance Background and Impact Approach and Methodology: The Role of Integration in Fundamental Problems of Lunar Geoscience Workshop 2: New Views of the Moon II: Understanding the Moon Through the Integration of Diverse Datasets. Abstract Volume and Subsequent Publications Statement of Relevance Work Plan Potential Workshop (2000): Thermal and Magmatic Evolution of the Moon Potential Workshop (2001): Early Lunar Differentiation, Core Formation, Effects of Early Planetesimal Impacts, and the Origin of the Moon’s Global Asymmetry Potential Workshop (2002): Selection of Sites for Future Sample Return Capstone Publication Timeline for the New Views of the Moon Initiative Personnel: Initiative Management and Proposal Management References Facilities: The LPI Appendix 1. Workshop on New Views of the Moon: Integrated Remotely Sensed, Geophysical, and Sample Datasets. List of presentations Appendix 2. LPSC 30 (1999) special sessions related to the Lunar Initiative. List of presentations (oral and poster) Appendix 3. Lunar Initiative Steering Committee Web Note: This is the text of a proposal submitted on behalf of the Lunar Science Community to support ongoing workshops and activities associated with the CAPTEM Lunar Initiative. It was submitted in May, 1999, in response to the ROSS 99 NRA, which solicits such proposals to be submitted to the relevant research programs. This proposal was submitted jointly to Cosmo- chemistry and Planetary Geology and Geophysics. -
Retour Des Réponses Le 06/01/2020 À [email protected] PARTIE I
Episode 2 – Énoncé des énigmes le 04/11/2019 ; retour des réponses le 06/01/2020 à [email protected] PARTIE I – Questions à choix multiples – Trouver la bonne réponse pour chacune des questions ! Question 1. Comparons nos deux planètes telluriques voisines La Terre et Mars. Quelle est la réponse fausse parmi les suivantes ? o Le diamètre de la planète Mars est plus petit que celui de la Terre o Ces deux planètes rocheuses ont la même masse volumique o Ces deux planètes sont rocheuses et ont chacune au moins un satellite o L’atmosphère de Mars est 61 fois plus fine que celle de la Terre o la gravité de surface sur Mars est seulement 38 % de celle de la Terre Question 2. Il n'y a pas que sur la Terre qu'il y a des volcans. Le volcanisme de la planète Mars serait apparu il y a près de quatre milliards d'années. Il aurait connu son intensité maximale à entre 3,7 et 3,2 Ga, puis se serait progressivement affaibli. Il a produit de nombreux volcans tels que Olympus Mons, Pavonis Mons, Ascraeus Mons, Elysium Mons, Arsia Mons. Localisez chacun de ces volcans sur la carte ci dessous : o volcan 1 > o volcan 2 > o volcan 3 > o volcan 4 > o volcan 5 > Question 3. Classez ces volcans par altitude. Le plus haut en premier (A), le moins haut en dernier (E) o volcan A le plus haut > o volcan B > o volcan C > o volcan D > o volcan E le moins haut > Question 4. -
Appendix 1: Venus Missions
Appendix 1: Venus Missions Sputnik 7 (USSR) Launch 02/04/1961 First attempted Venus atmosphere craft; upper stage failed to leave Earth orbit Venera 1 (USSR) Launch 02/12/1961 First attempted flyby; contact lost en route Mariner 1 (US) Launch 07/22/1961 Attempted flyby; launch failure Sputnik 19 (USSR) Launch 08/25/1962 Attempted flyby, stranded in Earth orbit Mariner 2 (US) Launch 08/27/1962 First successful Venus flyby Sputnik 20 (USSR) Launch 09/01/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Sputnik 21 (USSR) Launch 09/12/1962 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Cosmos 21 (USSR) Launch 11/11/1963 Possible Venera engineering test flight or attempted flyby Venera 1964A (USSR) Launch 02/19/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Venera 1964B (USSR) Launch 03/01/1964 Attempted flyby, launch failure Cosmos 27 (USSR) Launch 03/27/1964 Attempted flyby, upper stage failure Zond 1 (USSR) Launch 04/02/1964 Venus flyby, contact lost May 14; flyby July 14 Venera 2 (USSR) Launch 11/12/1965 Venus flyby, contact lost en route Venera 3 (USSR) Launch 11/16/1965 Venus lander, contact lost en route, first Venus impact March 1, 1966 Cosmos 96 (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Possible attempted landing, craft fragmented in Earth orbit Venera 1965A (USSR) Launch 11/23/1965 Flyby attempt (launch failure) Venera 4 (USSR) Launch 06/12/1967 Successful atmospheric probe, arrived at Venus 10/18/1967 Mariner 5 (US) Launch 06/14/1967 Successful flyby 10/19/1967 Cosmos 167 (USSR) Launch 06/17/1967 Attempted atmospheric probe, stranded in Earth orbit Venera 5 (USSR) Launch 01/05/1969 Returned atmospheric data for 53 min on 05/16/1969 M. -
Atlas V Launches LRO/LCROSS Mission Overview
Atlas V Launches LRO/LCROSS Mission Overview Atlas V 401 Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, FL Space Launch Complex-41 AV-020/LRO/LCROSS United Launch Alliance is proud to be a part of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The LRO/LCROSS mission marks the sixteenth Atlas V launch and the seventh flight of an Atlas V 401 configuration. LRO/LCROSS is a dual-spacecraft (SC) launch. LRO is a lunar orbiter that will investigate resources, landing sites, and the lunar radiation environment in preparation for future human missions to the Moon. LCROSS will search for the presence of water ice that may exist on the permanently shadowed floors of lunar polar craters. The LCROSS mission will use two Lunar Kinetic Impactors, the inert Centaur upper stage and the LCROSS SC itself, to produce debris plumes that may reveal the presence of water ice under spectroscopic analysis. My thanks to the entire Atlas team for its dedication in bringing LRO/LCROSS to launch, and to NASA for selecting Atlas for this ground-breaking mission. Go Atlas, Go Centaur, Go LRO/LCROSS! Mark Wilkins Vice President, Atlas Product Line Atlas V Launch History Flight Config. Mission Mission Date AV-001 401 Eutelsat Hotbird 6 21 Aug 2002 AV-002 401 HellasSat 13 May 2003 AV-003 521 Rainbow 1 17 Jul 2003 AV-005 521 AMC-16 17 Dec 2004 AV-004 431 Inmarsat 4-F1 11 Mar 2005 AV-007 401 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter 12 Aug 2005 AV-010 551 Pluto New Horizons 19 Jan 2006 AV-008 411 Astra 1KR 20 Apr 2006 AV-013 401 STP-1 08 Mar 2007 AV-009 401 NROL-30 15 Jun 2007 AV-011 421 WGS SV-1 10 Oct 2007 AV-015 401 NROL-24 10 Dec 2007 AV-006 411 NROL-28 13 Mar 2008 AV-014 421 ICO G1 14 Apr 2008 AV-016 421 WGS-2 03 Apr 2009 Payload Fairing Number of Solid Atlas V Size (meters) Rocket Boosters Flight/Configuration Key AV-XXX ### Number of Centaur Engines 3-digit Tail Number 3-digit Configuration Number LRO Overview LRO is the first mission in NASA’s planned return to the Moon. -
EDL – Lessons Learned and Recommendations
."#!(*"# 0 1(%"##" !)"#!(*"#* 0 1"!#"("#"#(-$" ."!##("""*#!#$*#( "" !#!#0 1%"#"! /!##"*!###"#" #"#!$#!##!("""-"!"##&!%%!%&# $!!# %"##"*!%#'##(#!"##"#!$$# /25-!&""$!)# %"##!""*&""#!$#$! !$# $##"##%#(# ! "#"-! *#"!,021 ""# !"$!+031 !" )!%+041 #!( !"!# #$!"+051 # #$! !%#-" $##"!#""#$#$! %"##"#!#(- IPPW Enabled International Collaborations in EDL – Lessons Learned and Recommendations: Ethiraj Venkatapathy1, Chief Technologist, Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA ARC, 2 Ali Gülhan , Department Head, Supersonic and Hypersonic Technologies Department, DLR, Cologne, and Michelle Munk3, Principal Technologist, EDL, Space Technology Mission Directorate, NASA. 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA [email protected]. 2 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), German Aerospace Center, [email protected] 3 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampron, VA. [email protected] Abstract of the Proposed Talk: One of the goals of IPPW has been to bring about international collaboration. Establishing collaboration, especially in the area of EDL, can present numerous frustrating challenges. IPPW presents opportunities to present advances in various technology areas. It allows for opportunity for general discussion. Evaluating collaboration potential requires open dialogue as to the needs of the parties and what critical capabilities each party possesses. Understanding opportunities for collaboration as well as the rules and regulations that govern collaboration are essential. The authors of this proposed talk have explored and established collaboration in multiple areas of interest to IPPW community. The authors will present examples that illustrate the motivations for the partnership, our common goals, and the unique capabilities of each party. The first example involves earth entry of a large asteroid and break-up. NASA Ames is leading an effort for the agency to assess and estimate the threat posed by large asteroids under the Asteroid Threat Assessment Project (ATAP). -
Protons in the Near Lunar Wake Observed by the SARA Instrument on Board Chandrayaan-1
FUTAANA ET AL. PROTONS IN DEEP WAKE NEAR MOON 1 Protons in the Near Lunar Wake Observed by the SARA 2 Instrument on Board Chandrayaan-1 3 Y. Futaana, 1 S. Barabash, 1 M. Wieser, 1 M. Holmström, 1 A. Bhardwaj, 2 M. B. Dhanya, 2 R. 4 Sridharan, 2 P. Wurz, 3 A. Schaufelberger, 3 K. Asamura 4 5 --- 6 Y. Futaana, Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, Kiruna, SE-98128, Sweden. 7 ([email protected]) 8 9 10 1 Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, Kiruna, SE-98128, Sweden 11 2 Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Center, Trivandrum 695 022, India 12 3 Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland 13 4 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Japan 14 Index Terms 15 6250 Moon 16 5421 Interactions with particles and fields 17 2780 Magnetospheric Physics: Solar wind interactions with unmagnetized bodies 18 7807 Space Plasma Physics: Charged particle motion and acceleration 19 Abstract 20 Significant proton fluxes were detected in the near wake region of the Moon by an ion mass 21 spectrometer on board Chandrayaan-1. The energy of these nightside protons is slightly higher than 22 the energy of the solar wind protons. The protons are detected close to the lunar equatorial plane at 23 a 140˚ solar zenith angle, i.e., ~50˚ behind the terminator at a height of 100 km. The protons come 24 from just above the local horizon, and move along the magnetic field in the solar wind reference 25 frame. -
Global Mapping of Elemental Abundance on Lunar Surface by SELENE Gamma-Ray Spectrometer
Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI (2005) 2092.pdf Global Mapping of elemental abundance on lunar surface by SELENE gamma-ray spectrometer. 1M. -N. Kobayashi, 1A. A. Berezhnoy, 6C. d’Uston, 1M. Fujii, 1N. Hasebe, 3T. Hiroishi, 4H. Kaneko, 1T. Miyachi, 5K. Mori, 6S. Maurice, 4M. Nakazawa, 3K. Narasaki, 1O. Okudaira, 1E. Shibamura, 2T. Takashima, 1N. Yamashita, 1Advanced Research Institute of Sci.& Eng., Waseda Univ., 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan, (masa- [email protected]), 2Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 229-8510, 3Niihama Works, Sumitomo Heavy Industry Ltd., Niihama, Ehime, Japan, Moriya Works, 4Meisei Electric Co., Ltd., 3-249-1, Yuri-ga-oka, Moriya-shi, Ibaraki, 302-0192, 5Clear Pulse Co., 6-25-17, Chuo, Ohta-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 143-0024, 6Centre d’Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS/UPS, Colonel Roche, B.P 4346, France. Introduction: Elemental composition on the sur- face of a planet is very important information for solv- ing the origin and the evolution of the planet and also very necessary for understanding the origin and the evolution of solar system. Planetary gamma-ray spec- troscopy is extremely powerful approach for the ele- mental composition measurement. Gamma-ray spec- trometer (GRS) will be on board SELENE, advanced lunar polar orbiter, and employ a large-volume Ge detector of 252cc as the main detector [1]. SELENE GRS is, therefore, approximately twice more sensitiv- ity than Lunar Prospector GRS, four times more sensi- Figure 1: The schematic drawing of SELENE Gamma- tive than APOLLO GRS. -
NUCLEAR SAFETY LAUNCH APPROVAL: MULTI-MISSION LESSONS LEARNED Yale Chang the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
ANS NETS 2018 – Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space Las Vegas, NV, February 26 – March 1, 2018, on CD-ROM, American Nuclear Society, LaGrange Park, IL (2018) NUCLEAR SAFETY LAUNCH APPROVAL: MULTI-MISSION LESSONS LEARNED Yale Chang The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 240-228-5724; [email protected] Launching a NASA radioisotope power system (RPS) trajectory to Saturn used a Venus-Venus-Earth-Jupiter mission requires compliance with two Federal mandates: Gravity Assist (VVEJGA) maneuver, where the Earth the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) Gravity Assist (EGA) flyby was the primary nuclear safety and launch approval (LA), as directed by Presidential focus of NASA, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Directive/National Security Council Memorandum 25. Cassini Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel Nuclear safety launch approval lessons learned from (INSRP), and the public alike. A solid propellant fire test multiple NASA RPS missions, one Russian RPS mission, campaign addressed the MPF finding and led in part to two non-RPS launch accidents, and several solid the retrofit solid propellant breakup systems (BUSs) propellant fire test campaigns since 1996 are shown to designed and carried by MER-A and MER-B spacecraft have contributed to an ever-growing body of knowledge. and the deployment of plutonium detectors in the launch The launch accidents can be viewed as “unplanned area for PNH. The PNH mission decreased the calendar experiments” that provided real-world data. Lessons length of the NEPA/LA processes to less than 4 years by learned from the nuclear safety launch approval effort of incorporating lessons learned from previous missions and each mission or launch accident, and how they were tests in its spacecraft and mission designs and their applied to improve the NEPA/LA processes and nuclear NEPA/LA processes.