DOCSLIB.ORG

Traditional Management Systems at Heritage Sites in Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Traditional Management Systems at Heritage Sites in Africa Traditional Management Systems at Heritage Sites in Africa TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Preface AT HERTAGE SITES IN AFRICA This publication by African heritage experts is a contribution to the general debate on heritage management and conservation. It presents a number of testimonies and research on concepts and methodologies which have been used for generations to sustain the values and attributes of places of heritage significance on the continent. TABLE OF CONTENT Let me emphasize that, following extensive work in this field, the need to recognize, formalize and document Tra- ditional Management Systems emerged as one of the key messages of the Second Periodic Report (World Her- itage) in Africa in 2011. Many researchers perceive the multilayered use of custodian practices as a potential contribution from Africa to improve the implementation of World Heritage as well as strengthen the unavoidable di- Preface....................................................................................................4 alogue between the 1972 and 2003 Conventions. Intangible is indeed the soul and the source of tangible evidenc- es which can provide the concrete support for heritage management. That interlinkage is apparent on the African continent particularly in the use of Traditional Management Systems to reinforce and sustain places of significant. Acronyms ..............................................................................................5 This publication is an outcome of the work carried out by seven African researchers in partnership with her- itage institutions in different parts of the continent. It has been made possible through the collaboration of various organizations including EPA, CHDA, UNESCO World Heritage Centre, ICCROM and the Nor- Glossary..................................................................................................5 dic World Heritage Foundation. At the core of this research study was the intention to provide methodolo- gy and best practices on how to document custodian systems and explore ways of harmonizing them with existing World Heritage management requirements. The approaches are diverse, however, the resulting vol- Authors’ Profile......................................................................................8 ume is a living testimony to the importance of the age old management systems still in use at heritage places. Finally, this publication, in English and French, would not be possible without the support of the Royal Nor- wegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. I would like to reiterate our gratitude to them. My wish is that this book will in- Introduction.........................................................................................10 spire best practices to ensure the promotion and better management of the continents heritage. It is only a start which we hope will encourage further research and publications on this important topic. One Africa, One Destiny. Chapter 1:..............................................................................................13 The traditional custodianship system in Southern Africa Webber Ndoro Director of AWHF Chapter 2:..............................................................................................25 Traditional management systems among the Konso of Ethiopia Chapter 3:..............................................................................................33 Traditional management system in the East African region: the case of the Rabai Kaya sacred forests (Kenya) and Kasubi royal tombs (Uganda) Chapter 4:.............................................................................................42 Traditional management systems in natural World Heritage sites in East Africa Chapter 5:..............................................................................................51 Traditional management systems: a case study of housing in Otammari land and Ganvié in Benin Chapter 6:..............................................................................................61 Traditional management systems in Central Africa: the Royal Domain of Mbe Conclusion.............................................................................................67 4 5 TA Traditional Authority Kafa Clan/lineage organization of the tékéroyal court Acronymns TCS Traditional Custodianship System Kanta Neighbourhood organisation (ward) Boulou Forest’s name in the Mbe sacred TEK Traditional Ecological Knowledge Kara Ritual ceremony marking the domain TMS Traditional Management System transfer of responsibilities between Dzan Supreme God, creator of Earth, ADC Area Development Committee UNESCO United Nations Educational, generations and erection of a stela Skies and Stars Kimaya/Orshada The elders Ebala Forest’s name in the Mbesacred AWHF African World Heritage Fund Scientific and Cultural Organization Konso clans Kertita, Tikisayta, Eshalayta, Elayta, domain BSAC British South Africa Company UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority Argamayta, Togumaleta, Sawdata, Etiele Forest’s name in the Mbesacred CHDA Centre for Heritage Development in VDC Village Development Committee Mahaleta, and Pasanta domain Africa (Malawi) Kulkusa The younger group and Hirba the IdzouaImfoula Forest’s name in the Mbesacred CVCP The Culture, Values and VFA Village Forest Area older group of the same generation domain Conservation project VH Village Headmen Mora Public and ritual place, also serves Ilolo Forest’s name in the Mbesacred DANO District Administration (Native) VIDCO Village Development Committee as a dancing place during domain Ordinance (Zimbabwe) festivities, a spot for storytelling by Impoh Forest’s name in the Mbesacred DDC District Development Committees VNRMC Village Natural Resources the elders and a meeting place for domain DNPWLM Department of National Parks and Management Committee the community members Inkoui Forest’s name in the Mbesacred Wild Life Management WADCO Ward Development Committee Mura-Dawra Sacred grooves domain Pafta Specially constructed one storey Inkwi Deceases’ spirits and protector of DPC Directorate of Cultural Heritage WH World Heritage thatched house at one end of the sacred forests of the Mbe royal EPA School of African Heritage ZANLA Zimbabwe African National Mora that also serves as a domain FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation Liberation Army sleeping place for the young adults Intiere Forest’s name in the Mbesacred of the United Nations ZANU-PF Zimbabwean African National and guests domain FFI Flora and Fauna International Union-Patriotic Front Parka Work groups (individual or Makoko Title of the King of téképeoples GVH Group Village Headmen ZIPRA Zimbabwe Peoples’ Revolutionary collective labour) Mampele One of the Ngatsii of Mbedomain HRP Her Royal Princess Army Paleta Traditionally built walled towns Mampiele One of the 12 AnkobiofMbe forest HRH His Royal Highness (traditional towns) Mampiele One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain ICCROM International Centre for the Study of Poquola Clan chief, regional spiritual leader Mbali a Nkani One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain the Preservation and Restoration of Glossary Poquola Mulga livein eachtown (Paleta) Mbenkoulou Forest’s name in the Mbe sacred Cultural Property representing each clan (Kafa) and domain ICOMOS International Council of Monuments performs rituals to members of his Missima Forest’s name in the Mbe sacred clan. domain and Sites Kasubi/Kaya Bujjabukula Main entrance to the palace at Poquola Tuma Chief with traditional powers that Mouagao One of the 12 Ankobi of Mbe forest IFAW International Fund for Animal Kasubi Tombs are hereditary passed down from Mouangao One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain Welfare Katikiro Prime Minister at the Royal Palace father to son (Kala, Bamale, Kufa). Mouindzou One of the 12 Ankobi of Mbe forest IUCN International Union for Kabaka The Buganda King Leads secluded life in the middle of Mouindzou One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain Conservation of Nature Lubuga The King’s Mother in Buganda a Juniper forest located on top of a Moutsiri One of the 12 Ankobi of Mbe forest LATF Local Authority Transfer Fund Kingdom hill overlooking the surrounding Moutsiri One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain KRT Kasubi Royal Tombs Mulamba Door Keeper/Principle Guide at the lands. Mpie Forest’s name in the Mbe sacred MCP Malawi Congress Party Royal Palace Senkeleta A coordinator of the Hela group domain MDC Movement for Democratic Change Mzee Elder in Aravai Language Tinayela The male children (also known as Ndoua Forest’s name in the Mbe sacred MMCL Mount Mulanje Cultural Landscape Mulungu God in Aravai Language Fereyda) domain MMCT Mulanje Mountain Conservation Nalinya The King’s Official Sister in Ulahita A generation marking tree erected Ndzoua Forest’s name in the Mbesacred every eighteen years domain Trust Buganda Kingdom Omudanda Beer server at the royal palace in Waka Carved wooden statues which, are Ngadzion One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain MMFR Mulanje Mountain Forest Reserve Buganda anthropomorphic and zoo-morphic Ngakaon One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain NC Native Commissioner Ngalieno One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain NA Native Authorities Konso Rwenzori Ngalion 1 One of the 12 Ankobi of Mbe forest Irungu The god and spirit of wilderness NCA Ngorongoro Conservation Area Aba Timba Chief Administrator of the Ngalion II One of the 12 Ankobi of Mbe forest Kahiyi The god for all animals NCAA Ngorongoro Conservation Area Act Paleta and Keeper of the sacred Ngalion One of the Ngatsii of Mbe domain Kalisya The god for hunting NCCA Ngorongoro
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Gendered Socio-Economic History of Malawian Women's
    “We faced Mabvuto”: A Gendered Socio-economic History of Malawian Women’s Migration and Survival in Harare, 1940 to 1980. A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY IREEN MUDEKA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Name of Adviser: Allen F. Isaacman, Name of Co-adviser: Helena Pohlandt McCormick October 2011 © IREEN MUDEKA Acknowledgements I owe a great debt of gratitude to many friends, colleagues and everyone who provided moral and intellectual support from the period when I started research on this dissertation until its completion. I am very thankful to all Malawian women and men in Rugare, Mufakose, Highfield and Mbare townships of Harare, Zimbabwe and to those in Mpondabwino and Mbayani townships of Zomba and Blantyre who took the time to talk to me about their personal lives. Because of their generosity, they became not just informants but my teachers, mothers, sisters and friends. In Harare, I especially want to thank Mrs. Tavhina Masongera of Rugare for going beyond sharing her life experiences with me to take me under her wing and provide a bridge between me and other women in the townships of Harare as well as of Malawi. Mrs. Masongera took the time to travel with me all the way to Malawi where she introduced me to many women who had lived in Harare during the colonial period. Without her, I would not have known where to begin as a migrant in a country that I was visiting for the very first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 24 - Benin
    Marubeni Research Institute 2016/09/02 Sub -Saharan Report Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the focal regions of Global Challenge 2015. These reports are by Mr. Kenshi Tsunemine, an expatriate employee working in Johannesburg with a view across the region. Vol. 24 - Benin August 10, 2016 Even without knowing where the location of the country of Benin is, many Japanese may remember Zomahoun Rufin, better known as “Zomahon”, as an African who became famous as a “TV personality” on the Japanese television show “Hey Japanese People, This is Strange” for the interesting way he spoke Japanese. “Oh, you say Zomahon is from Benin? And he is now the Benin ambassador to Japan (note 1)?” as many Japanese are and would be surprised to hear. Through him though, many have in some way a feeling for the country, which you may have guessed is the country I am introducing this time, Benin. Table 1: Benin Country Information Benin is located in West Africa bordered by Togo in the west, Burkina Faso in the northwest, Niger in the northeast and Nigeria in the east while facing the Bay of Guinea in the south. The constitutional capital of the country is Porto Novo, however, the political and economic center of the country is found in it largest city Cotonou, which also boasts the country’s only international airport (picture 1). Picture 1: A street with vendors in town near the border with Togo 1 8/10//2016 Benin is only 120 kilometers from east to west, while being 700 kilometers in length from north to south being a narrow, elongated country like Togo which I introduced last time.
    [Show full text]
  • Lands of the Gods
    LANDS OF THE GODS 15 Days: Benin – Togo – Ghana Cotonou – Ganvié – Ouidah – Potossomé – Grand Popo – Togoville – Kara – Kpalimé – Wli Falls – Accra – Cape Coast Day 1: Arrival in Cotonou: Fly to Cotonou, the capital city of Benin. On arrival, you will be met and transfer to your hotel. D Destination Information: Cotonou: Cotonou is the biggest city of Benin, in fact it is the economic heart of the country with its port, markets and banks. Day 2: Cotonou – Ganvié – Abomey In the morning, go on a half day trip to Ganvié and explore the history of these stilt villages. In the afternoon, journey to Abomey. On arrival, visit the 12 palaces of the Royal Palaces of Abomey, a tour of the royal enclosure, museums, the King’s tomb and Jewel Room. Drive to Ouidah for the night. BLD Destination Information: Lake Ganvié: The Venice of Africa, the largesse stilt village of the region of Calavi, where 12,000 fishermen live. They were created over three hundred years ago when the local tribes moved into the shallow Lake Nakoué to avoid capture and enslavement. The Royal Palaces of Abomey: The palaces are spread over 99 acres of land in the heart of Abomey, former capital of the ancient Kingdom of Dahomey and have a capacity of about 8000 people and the one belonging to the king included a two-storey structure called the “cowrie house” or akuehue. The Royal Palaces of Abomey have been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in Africa. Ouidah: In the past popular with the slave traders because it was the route that was used to take the slaves to the boat.
    [Show full text]
  • Science in Africa: UNESCO's Contribution to Africa's Plan For
    Contents Foreword 1 Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Indigenous Knowledge 2 Conservation and sustainable use of Information and Communication biodiversity 2 Technologies and Space Science and Technologies 15 Safe development and application of biotechnology 5 Information and communication technologies 15 Securing and using Africa’s indigenous knowledge 6 Establishing the African Institute of Space Science 17 Energy, Water and Desertification 7 Improving Policy Conditions and Building Building a sustainable energy base 7 Innovation Mechanisms 19 Securing and sustaining water 9 African Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators Initiative 19 Combating drought and desertification 12 Improving regional cooperation in science and technology 20 Building a public understanding of science and technology 23 Building science and technology policy capacity 25 Annexes 26 Annex I: Microbial Resource Centres in Africa 26 Annex II: UNESCO Chairs in Science and Technology in Africa 26 Annex III: World Heritage Sites in Africa 27 Annex IV: Biosphere Reserves in Africa 28 Published by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) with the support of the UK Permanent Delegation to UNESCO and UK Department for International Development Edited by Susan Schneegans and Anne Candau This brochure has been possible thanks to the contributions of UNESCO staff at Headquarters and in the field. Graphic design by Maro Haas Printed in France © UNESCO 2007 Download a copy from: www.unesco.org/science Request a copy from UNESCO: (Paris): [email protected]; [email protected] (Nairobi): [email protected] (Cairo): [email protected] Or write to: Mustafa El-Tayeb, Director, Division for Science Policy and Sustainable Development, Natural Sciences Sector, UNESCO, 1 rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cédex 15, France Foreword Koïchiro Matsuura Director-General of UNESCO January 2007 The Year 2007 promises to be a year of great opportunity for science in Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction 1. Malawi: a Multi-Ethnic Nation
    From: Dr. Willie Zeze RE: Abstract Submission – 2015 Religious Freedom and Religious Pluralism in Africa: Prospects and Limitations Conference DEMOCRATIC CONSTITUTION AND ETHNIC ORGANIZATIONS IN MALAWI - PRESERVING GOOD TRADITIONAL PRACTICES OR PROMOTING NEPOTISM AND TRIBALISM? Abstract Due to the advent of the 1994 democratic constitution particularly its enactment on Protection of human rights and freedoms: Culture and language, Freedom of association, Religion and beliefs, Freedom of assembly and Political rights, Malawi has witnessed mushrooming of tribal organizations, aiming at preserving the traditional African religious beliefs and African cultural traditions. The Chewa Heritage Foundation (Chefo) and the Muhlakho wa Alhomwe (MWA) among the Chewa and Lhomwe tribes respectively are among well-known ethnic organizations through which the traditional beliefs, cultural traditions and religions are enjoying a significant respect from members of mentioned-tribes. The democratic constitution has cleared a road for the establishment of these ethnic organizations. However, it seems activities of Chefo and MWA are inter alia promoting tribalism and nepotism, in addition to being used as campaign tools for some political parties. This article intends to assess and evaluate the role and the impact of the Chefo and MWA on preservation of good cultural practices and constitutional democracy in Malawi. The hypothesis is, in spite of preserving cultural practices as guaranteed in constitution, the tribal organizations need to be watchful so that they should not promote tribalism, nepotism and being used as campaign tools by Malawian politicians. 1. Introduction In order to appreciate how in their understanding the Democratic Constitution the Chewa Heritage Foundation and Mulhako wa Alhomwe in Malawi, revitalize, preserved and protect customs, values, beliefs and traditional practices it is necessary to understand a social- political history of Malawi.
    [Show full text]
  • Our Circuits (Guide) Benin
    TI ANY CIRCUITS, JOURNEYS, STAYS, SAFARIS ECOTOURISME IN WEST AFRICA 04B P 1451 Cotonou, Tel.: + (229) 97 52 89 49 / + (229) 95 68 48 49 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Blog: www.urbanotourisme.afrikblog.com Cotonou Benin, West Africa OUR CIRCUITS (GUIDE) BENIN NB 1: through the information detailed well on sites (points of interests) tourist and cultural of the cities and villages of Benin below in which we work with our local partners among whom we have our own well experimented local guides, native of these circles, ready to make you live and discover their respective environment, you have the freedom total to conceive and to establish yourself, your journey, stay and circuit in Benin and to send him to us for its reorganization in our knowledge of the ground. NB 2: we are to hold you also at your disposal company in complete safety in cities and villages of Benin which are not included in our circuits Benin (guide) below. …………………………………………………………………………………… CONTENTS COTONOU - PORTO NOVO – GANVIE - OUIDAH – POSSOTOME - PARC PENDJARI – PARC W - GRAND POPO – ALLADA – ABOMEY - DASSA ZOUME – SAVALOU - SAVE - PARAKOU – DJOUGOU – URBANO TOURISME, un partenaire sûr pour le développement et la promotion du tourisme au Bénin, Afrique & Monde NATITNIGOU & LE PAYS SOMBA - KANDI – ALFAKOARA – BANIKOARA - KARIMAMA ……………………………………………………………………………………. 1/COTONOU: Economic capital of Benin, medium-sized Cotonou compared with the big metropolises of continent. Cotonou offers all the hotel commands and the restorations adapted to the taste and to the means of each. Of its city center in thousand colors to his big regional market " MARKET DANTOKPA " which offers a colorful, noisy and folk show, and by borrowing the street of the business with its daily show of goes and comes ceaseless and noisy between department stores and other shops which drive to the Fishing port, to the autonomous Port, in the center of the small business sector and in the beach of coconut palms in the fine sand etc..
    [Show full text]
  • Far from Being Idolatrous: Ancestor Veneration
    Dr Alexander Jebadu SVD FAR FROM BEING IDOLATROUS: ANCESTOR VENERATION 2010 ______________________________________________ Steyler Verlaag, Nettetal Bibliografische Information Der Deutchen Bibliotek Die Deutche Bibliotek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutchen Nationalbibliografie; detailierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. ©Steyler Verlaag Bahnhofstraβe 9 41334 Nettetal Germany [email protected] ISSN 0562-2816 ISBN 978-3-8050-0564-7 DPT: Martina Ludwig, Steyler Missionswissenschaftliches Instutut Druck: Verlaag Franz Schmitt, Siegburg TABLE OF CONTETS AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ……………………………………………………………...iii I. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………...01 1.1. Problem Mapping of This Study …..…………….……………………………..01 1.2. Goal and Scope of This Study …………..….…………………………………..01 1.3. Organization of This Study and Its Methodology……………………….…….03 1.4. The Limitations of This Study ……………………………………………….…04 II. THE RELEVANCE OF THEOLOGY OF ANCESTRAL VENERATION……. FOR THE ASIAN-AFRICAN CATHOLIC CHURCH …………………..….…...06 2.1. Ancestral Veneration Presupposes Faith in Life after Death ……….………..06 2.1.1. Ancestral Veneration in the Work of Herbert Spencer ……….….…..07 2.1.2. Human Soul in the Frame of Edward Burnet Tylor’s Animism ……..10 2.1.2.1. Definition of Religion ………………………………………….….…...11 2.1.2.2. Animism …………………………………………………….………......11 2.1.2.3. The Origin of Belief in the Human Soul …….………………….….…13 2.1.2.3.1. Human Biological Phenomena …….…………………..…..13 2.1.2.3.2. The Unity of Life and Phantom …….….…………………..14 2.1.2.4. Samples of Popular Beliefs in Human Soul ….….………….…….….14 2.1.2.4.1. The Concept of Soul as Shadow ……..…………….….…...14 2.1.2.4.2. The Concept of Soul as the Cause of Life ………….....…...15 2.1.2.4.3.
    [Show full text]
  • Quarterly Review 2018
    Marrakech, Morocco ©Kessingtonmorocco.com QUARTERLY REVIEW 2018 JANUARY - MARCH African World Heritage Fund 1258 Lever Road, Headway Hill 1 | African World Heritage Fund Midrand, 1685, South Africa www.awhf.net TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Highlights ............................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 AWHF hosts the Sixth Annual Coordination Meeting of the Unesco World Heritage – related Category 2 Institutes and Centres. ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2 Workshop on Digital documentation of Fort William, Cape Coast in Ghana ................................. 4 2. Meetings .............................................................................................................................................. 6 2.1 The 4th Meeting of the African Union (AU) Commission Working Group to develop the AU Model Law on protection of Cultural Property and Heritage ....................................................................... 6 3. Activities .............................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1 Progress Report on the Abomey Project ......................................................................................... 8 5 Communications ................................................................................................................................... 9 5.1 AWHF
    [Show full text]
  • The Arrival of Islam in Malawi
    Journal of Islamic Studies and Culture December 2019, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 39-47 ISSN: 2333-5904 (Print), 2333-5912 (Online) Copyright © The Author(s). All Rights Reserved. Published by American Research Institute for Policy Development DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v7n2a5 URL: https://doi.org/10.15640/jisc.v7n2a5 The Arrival of Islam in Malawi Abbas Saidi Mdoka1& Dr Che Amnah Binti Bahari2 Abstract This paper seeks to shed more light on the question of when and how Islam arrived in Malawi, who introduced it and what was the motive for its inauguration. Thepaper also attempts to make an inquiryinto how Christian missionaries sitting aloof observed, processed and responded to the growth and developments of Islam within Muslim communities in Malawi. It will also discuss the social, economic and political implications on Muslims, due to their refusal to send children to missionary school on account of “Education for Christianity”. And how the church, carefully drafted contemptuous desolations for Muslims which were borne due to church‟s noble ambition to Christianize the already religious Muslims instead of strengthening their membership to the heathen hordes who at the time outnumbered both Muslims and Christians all together. The research data were obtained through library study of books, journal and articles on the history of both Islam and Christianity. Keywords: Yao, Nkhotakota, Chewa, Jumbe, Muslims 1. Introduction The Republic of Malawi is a landlocked country bordered by Zambia to the west, Tanzania to the north, and Mozambique to the east and south. It is pertinent to say here that the population of Malawi is composed of people belonging to various faith groups and religions, namely Islam, Christianity and some traditional believers from different tribes.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Continuity and Crisis in the Maji Maji Rebellion in Southeast Tanzania
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by SOAS Research Online Journal of African History, 45 (2004), pp. 1–22. f 2004 Cambridge University Press 1 DOI: 10.1017/S0021853703008545 Printed in the United Kingdom TRADERS, ‘BIG MEN’ AND PROPHETS: POLITICAL CONTINUITY AND CRISIS IN THE MAJI MAJI REBELLION IN SOUTHEAST TANZANIA BY FELICITAS BECKER School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London ABSTRACT: This article places the origins of the Maji Maji rebellion in Southeast Tanzania within the context of tensions between coast and interior, and between ‘big man’ leaders and their followers, which grew out of the expansion of trade and warfare in the second half of the nineteenth century. Without discounting its im- portance as a reaction against colonial rule, the paper argues that the rebellion was driven also by the ambitions of local leaders and by opposition to the expansion of indigenous coastal elites. The crucial role of the ‘Maji’ medicine as a means of mobilization indicates the vitality of local politics among the ‘stateless’ people of Southeast Tanzania. KEY WORDS: Tanzania, rebellion, trade, politics. T HE Maji Maji rebellion, which shook German East Africa in 1905–7, was among the most dramatic and catastrophic anti-colonial uprisings in early colonial Africa. In its largest battles, the rebels counted in thousands. The German colonial government, although caught unawares, soon put together a brutal response. The number of dead, more often from the effects of German scorched earth strategies than from fighting, is unknown, but certainly reached tens, and possibly hundreds, of thousands.
    [Show full text]
  • Palace Sculptures of Abomey Combines Color Photographs of the Bas-Reliefs with a Lively History of Dahomey, Complemented by Rare Historical Images
    114 SUGGESTED READING Suggested Reading Assogba, Romain-Philippe. Le Musee d'Histoire Moss, Joyce, and George Wilson. Peoples de Ouidah: Decouverte de la COte des Esc/aves. of the Wo rld: Africans South of the Sahara. Ouidah, Benin: Editions Saint Michel, 1994. Detroit and London: Gale Research, 1991. Beckwith, Carol, and Angela Fisher. Pliya, Jean. Dahomey. Issy-les-Moulineaux, "The African Roots of Vo odoo." Na tional France: Classiques Africains, 1975. Geographic Magazine 88 (August 1995): 102-13. Ronen, Dov. Dahomey: Between Tradition and Blier, Suzanne Preston. African Vo dun: Art, Modernity. Ithaca, N.Y., and London: Cornell Psychology, and Power. Chicago: University of University Press, 1975. Chicago Press, 1995. Waterlot, E. G. Les bas-reliefs des Palais Royaux ___. "The Musee Historique in Abomey: d'Abomey. Paris: Institut d'Ethnologie, 1926. Art, Politics, and the Creation of an African Museum." In Arte in Africa 2. Florence: Centro In addition to the scholarly works listed above, di Studi di Storia delle Arte Africane, 1991. interested readers may consult Archibald ___. "King Glele of Danhome: Divination Dalzel's account of Dahomey in the late eigh­ Portraits of a Lion King and Man of Iron." teenth century, The History of Dahomy: African Arts 23, no. 4 (October 1990): 42-53, An Inland Kingdom ofAf rica (1793; reprint, London, Frank Cass and Co., 1967), and Sir 93-94· Richard Burton's A Mission to Gelele, King of "The Place Where Vo dun Was Born." Dahome (1864; reprint, London, Routledge & Na tural History Magazine 104 (October 1995): Kegan Paul, 1966); both offer historical 40-49· European perspectives on the Dahomey king­ Decalo, Samuel.
    [Show full text]
  • World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme Capacity Building and Training Mission Report to Benin
    WORLD HERITAGE EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE PROGRAMME CAPACITY BUILDING AND TRAINING MISSION REPORT TO BENIN Report prepared under UNESCO contract Mauro Bertagnin Carolina Castellanos July 2010 Table of contents Acknowledgements 1. Background to the mission 2. Objectives of the mission 3. Assessment of specific issues 3.1 Feasibility of developing/establishing a programme at EPA 3.2 Existing didactic materials 4. Proposal for the development of a capacity building programme on earthen architecture conservation and sensitization 4.1 Overview of proposed programme 4.2 Programme components 4.3 Priorities for development of modules 4.4 Requirements for development of the programme 4.5 Proposed lay‐out and structure for the development of didactic materials 4.6 Action plan for the development of didactic materials 5. Appendices I. Mission team members II. Terms of reference for the mission III. Work plan for the mission IV. Meeting minutes V. Photographs 2 WHEAP Mission report to Benin (May 2010) Acknowledgements The mission team wishes to thank the following entities and individuals for their collaboration and work in organising the mission: Lazare Eloundou and Jana Weydt from the World Heritage Centre (UNESCO) and Baba Keita, Victoire Adegbidi, Rodrigue Kessou and Balde Ismailou from EPA. Without their contributions, the results presented in this report could have not been achieved. 3 WHEAP Mission report to Benin (May 2010) 1. Background to the mission The ten‐year World Heritage Earthen Architecture Programme (WHEAP 2007‐2017) was adopted at the 31st session of the World Heritage Committee (Christchurch, 2007) and approved as one of the thematic programmes. The Programme centres on the revitalisation and conservation of earthen architecture through the development of appropriate and sustainable methods for conservation and the dissemination of best practices.
    [Show full text]