New Smart History Primary 6 Teacher's Guide

NEW Smart History

PRIMARY 6 TEACHER’S GUIDE

Current NERDC Curriculum FREE DIGITAL NEW Smart History

PRIMARY 6 TEACHER’S GUIDE

Authors: Alao Akinkunmi Adegbola Okechukwu Udeagbala Lawrence Amusa Saheed Balogun Nurudeen Olatoye Arogundade Published by Cambridge University Press University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom

Distributed in Nigeria by Cambridge University Press Nigeria Ltd 252E Muri Okunola Street, Victoria Island, Lagos State, Nigeria

Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781009010276

This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2020

ISBN 9781009010276

Editor: Deanne Vorster Typesetter: Alco Meyer Cover artwork: Diacritech ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Every effort has been made to trace copyright holders. Should any infringements have occurred, please inform the publishers who will correct these in the event of a reprint. If you want to know more about this book or any other Cambridge University Press publication, phone us at +234 703 844 5052 or send an e-mail to [email protected] Contents Scheme of work v

Term 1 1

Theme 1 Political developments in Nigeria

Topic 1 Civil rule in Nigeria 1 Activity 1.1 1 Activity 1.2 2 Activity 1.3 2 Activity 1.4 3 Activity 1.5 4 Activity 1.6 4 Activity 1.7 5 Activity 1.8 5 Activity 1.9 6 Activity 1.10 7 Activity 1.11 8

Term 1 Assessment 10

Term 2 15

Theme 1 Political developments in Nigeria

Topic 2 Military rule in Nigeria Activity 2.1 15 Activity 2.2 15 Activity 2.3 16 Activity 2.4 16 Activity 2.5 17 Activity 2.6 18

iii

Activity 2.7 19 Activity 2.8 20 Activity 2.9 21 Activity 2.10 22 Activity 2.11 24 Activity 2.12 25

Term 2 Assessment 26

Term 3 30

Theme 2: Economy, Trade and Commerce

Topic 3 Oil economy 30 Activity 3.1 30 Activity 3.2 30 Activity 3.3 31

Topic 4 The growth of industries in Nigeria 32 Activity 4.1 32 Activity 4.2 32 Activity 4.3 33 Activity 4.4 33

Term 3 Assessment 35

Scheme of work

TERM 1 THEME 1: Political developments in Nigeria

Week Topic Performance Activities Evaluation guide objectives Teacher Pupils

Topic 1 A civil rule in Nigeria 1 Civil rule: an Explain the meaning Lead pupils to Explain the meaning Explain the meaning introduction of civil rule. explain the meaning of civil rule. of civil rule. Periods of civil rule State the periods of of civil rule in State the periods of State the periods of in Nigeria civil rule in Nigeria. Nigeria. civil rule in Nigeria. civil rule in Nigeria. Guide pupils to state the periods of civil rule in Nigeria. 2 Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe Mention the civilian Lead pupils to Mention the past Mention three past Sir Abubakar Tafawa leaders. mention the past and present civilian civilian leaders. Balewa and present civilian leaders in Nigeria. leaders in Nigeria. 3 Alhaji Aliyu Usman Mention the civilian Lead pupils to Mention the past Mention the civilian Shehu Shagari leaders. mention the past and present civilian leaders. Chief Olusegun and present civilian leaders in Nigeria. Obasanjo leaders in Nigeria. 4 Alhaji Umaru Musa Mention the civilian Lead pupils to Mention the past Mention the civilian Yar’Adua leaders. mention the past and present civilian leaders. Dr Goodluck Ebele and present civilian leaders in Nigeria. Jonathan leaders in Nigeria. 5 President Mention the civilian Lead pupils to Mention the past Mention the civilian Mohammadu Buhari leaders mention the past and present civilian leaders. and present civilian leaders in Nigeria. leaders in Nigeria. 6-9 Process of civil rule Guide pupils to state State the process of State the process of State the process of in Nigeria the process of civil civil rule civil rule in Nigeria. civil rule. rule. Take pupils on an Go on an excursion excursion to the to the State or State or National National Assembly. Assembly. Summary 10 Revision and Assessment

TERM 2 THEME 1 Political developments in Nigeria Week Topic Performance Activities Evaluation guide objectives Teacher Pupils

Topic 2 Military rule in Nigeria 1 Military rules: an Explain the meaning Lead pupils to Explain the meaning Explain the meaning introduction of military rule. explain the meaning of military rule. of military rule. Periods of military State the period of of military rule in State the period of State two periods of rule military rule in Nigeria. military rule in military rule in How military leaders Nigeria. Guide the pupils to Nigeria. Nigeria. came to power Explain how military state the period of Explain how the Explain how military leaders came to military rule in military leaders leaders came to power. Nigeria. came to power. power. Guide the pupils to explain how military leaders came to power. 2 Major General Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past Thomas Aguiyi Ironsi heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. 3 General Yakubu Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past Gowon heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. 4 General Murtala Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past Ramat Mohammed heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. 5 General Olusegun Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past Obasanjo heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. 6 General Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past Mohammadu Buhari heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. 7 General Ibrahim Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past Badamasi Babangida heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. 8 General Sani Abacha Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. 9 General Abdulsalami Mention the military Lead the pupils to Mention the military Mention four past Abubakar heads of state in mention the military heads of state in military heads of Nigeria. heads of state in Nigeria. state in Nigeria. Nigeria. Summary 10 Revision and Assessment

TERM 3 THEME 2: Economy, Trade and Commerce

Week Topic Performance Activities Evaluation guide objectives Teacher Pupils Topic 3 Oil economy 1 Crude oil: an State what crude oil Guide pupils to Explain what crude State what crude oil introduction is. explain what crude oil is. is. State when and oil is. State when and State when and where crude oil Lead pupils to state where crude oil where crude oil exploration started. when and where exploration started. exploration started. crude oil exploration started. 2 By-products of crude List the by-products Guide pupils to list List the by-products List three by- oil of crude oil. the by-products of of crude oil. products of crude crude oil. oil. 3 Benefits of crude oil State the benefits of Guide pupils to state State the benefits of State three benefits to the Nigerian crude oil to the the benefits of crude crude oil to the of crude oil to the economy Nigerian economy. oil to the Nigerian Nigerian economy. Nigerian economy. economy. Go on an excursion Lead pupils on an to an oil exploration excursion to an oil site and/or filling exploration site stations. and/or filling stations. Topic 4 The growth of industries in Nigeria

4 An industry: an State what an Guide the pupils to Explain what an Explain what an introduction industry means. explain what an industry means. industry means. industry means. 5 Types of industries State types of Guide the pupils to State the types of State two types of industries. state types of industries in Nigeria. industries in Nigeria. industries in Nigeria. 6 Some modern List some modern Lead pupils to list List some modern Mention three industries in Nigeria industries in Nigeria. some modern industries in Nigeria. industries in Nigeria. industries in Nigeria. 7 Location of State where the Lead pupils to state State where the Mention where industries industries are where the industries industries are three industries are located. are located in located in Nigeria. located in Nigeria. Nigeria. 8 Benefits of State the benefits of Lead pupils to state State the benefits of State three benefits industries to the industries to the the benefits of industries to the of industries to the Nigerian economy Nigerian economy. industries to the Nigerian economy. Nigerian economy. Nigerian economy. Go on an excursion Take pupils on an to some industries. excursion to some industries in their community. Summary

9&10 Revision and Assessment

vii

Term 1

Topic 1 Civil rule in Nigeria

Activity 1.1 Pupil’s Book page 5

1. In your own words, write down what the meaning of civil rule is. 2. Complete the branches of the Nigerian government on the three different levels. 3. Field trip. Your teacher will take you on an excursion to the State or National Assembly, if possible. Take a notebook and make notes of what you see.

Possible answers 1. Civil rule is a system of government in which political leaders are elected by ordinary citizens by voting in free elections. 2.

3. If you were able to take the pupils on the field trip, ask them to report back in class about what they saw and how it made them feel.

Activity 1.2 Pupil’s Book page 7

Fill in the timeline with dates and information of the four periods of civil rule in Nigeria.

Possible answers

1960-1966: the First Republic 1991-1993: the Third Republic

1979-1983: the Second Republic 1999-to date: the Fourth Republic

Activity 1.3 LB p. 9

1. When did Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe become the Premier of the Eastern Region? 2. Under which political party did Dr Nnamdi Azikiwe contest the position of president in 1979? 3. Mention two national institutions named after Dr Azikiwe. 4. When did Dr Azikiwe die?

Possible answers 1. 1954 2. Nigerian People's Party (NPP) 3. Any two:. • Nnamadi International Airport • Nnamadi Azikiwe University • Awka Nanambra State • Nnamadi Azikiwe Stadium 4. 11 May 1996

Activity 1.4 Pupil’s Book page 11

1. What was the original profession of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa? 2. Which political party did Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa belong to in 1959? 3. Find the five contributions of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa to Nigerian development in the word search. 4. Write down four things that local governments are responsible for.

Possible answers 1. He was a teacher. 2. Northern People's Congress (NPC) 3. q w e r t y u i o p a s d f g h j k l z x c v b n m q u n i t y w e r t y u i o p a s d f g h j i n d e p e n d e n c e k i n t e g r a t i o n l z x c v b n m q w e r t m a n y p o r t s y u i o o p a s d f g h j k l z x m a n y r o a d s

4. Any four: • Make economic recommendations to the state. • Collect taxes and other fees. • Erect and help to maintain cemeteries and homes for the poor and sick. • Make sure bicycles, trucks, canoes and wagons are licensed. • Ensure that markets, car parks and public amenities are set up, maintained and regulated. • Build and maintain roads, streets, drains and public highways, parks and open spaces. • Name roads and streets and assign numbers to homes. • Provide and maintain public transport and refuse removal. • Record births, deaths and marriages. • Valuate privately owned homes to charge.

Activity 1.5 Pupil’s Book page 14

1. When was Alhaji Shehu Shagari elected to the Federal House of Representatives? 2. Mention three ministries which Alhaji Shehu Shagari supervised as a Minister before 1979. 3. When did Alhaji Shehu Shagari become the President of Nigeria?

Possible answers 1. 1954 2. Minister for Commerce and Industry; Minister for Economic Development; minister for Pensions, Minister for Internal Affairs, Minister for Works (any three) 3. 1979

Activity 1.6 Pupil’s Book page 16

1. Which Military Head of State released Chief Olusegun Obasanjo in 1998? 2. What is the name of the political party that Chief Obasanjo joined in 1999? 3. List five achievements of Chief Olusegun Obasanjo as the President of Nigeria from 1999 to 2007.

Possible answers 1. Head of State, General Abdul Salami Abubakar 2. People’s Democratic Party (PDP) 3. Any five: • He restored the good image of Nigeria globally after several years of human rights abuses under General Abacha. • He achieved the re-acceptance of Nigeria as a member of the Commonwealth of Nations after years of suspension. • He encouraged private bodies and individuals to establish universities in Nigeria, leading to the emergence of private universities like Babcock, Igbinedion and Madonna Universities. • He fought and discouraged corruption through the establishment of anticorruption bodies like the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC). • He supported the development of the oil-producing states of Nigeria by establishing the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC). • He facilitated the introduction of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) in Nigeria.

• He maintained friendly relations with other countries of the world, particularly within the West African sub-region.

Activity 1.7 Pupil’s Book page 19

Complete the following worksheet about Umaru Musa Yar’Adua.

Possible answers Umaru Musa Yar’Adua Political party: Draw a picture of Umaru Musa Yar’Adua. People’s Democratic Party Pupil to draw a picture of Umaru Musa Hometown: Yar’Adua. Katsina, Katsina State Time period: 2007 to 2010 Major events during presidency: • He declared his assets publicly. • The seven-point agenda of his government sought to improve the infrastructure and wellbeing of all Nigerians. Five major achievements of Umaru Musa Yar’Adua between 2007 to 2010: • Reformed the electoral system • Established the Amnesty Programme • Created the Federal Ministry of Niger Delta Affairs • Engaged in dredging the Niger River for easier access to Northern Nigeria • Maintained mutual relations between the federal and state governments.

Activity 1.8 Pupil’s Book page 22

Possible answers Fill in the following worksheet about Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan Political party: Paste in a photo or draw a picture of Dr Goodluck People’s Democratic Party (PDP) Ebele Jonathan. Hometown: Pupils to paste in a photo or draw a picture of Otuoke in Bayelsa State Dr Goodluck Ebele Jonathan. Time period: 2010-2015

Major events during presidency: • He became acting president on 9 February 2010 • On 5 May 2010 he was sworn in as president when then President Yar’Adua passed away. • He was elected president in 2011. • He lost his re-election bid to in 2015. Five major achievements of Dr Goodluck Jonathan from 2010 to 2015: • The transformation agenda of his government improved the national reserve of Nigeria, and he created the Sovereign Wealth Fund. • He established nine new federal universities in Bayelsa, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Kogi, Gombe, Zamfara, Jigawa, Kebbi and the Nasarawa States. • His government promulgated several people-centred laws, such as the Freedom of Information Act and the Same-Sex Marriage Prohibition Act. • He introduced the Youth Enterprise with Innovation in Nigeria (YOUWIN) to assist young people in businesses and entrepreneurship. He launched the Nigerian Communication Satellite. • He succeeded in implementing the recommendations of the Committee on Electoral Reforms led by Justice Muhammadu Uwais which improved Nigerian elections. • He appointed Professor Attahiru Jega as the Chairman of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) who supervised the 2011 and 2015 elections.

Activity 1.9 Pupil’s Book page 26

Possible answers Fill in the following worksheet about President Muhammadu Buhari. President Muhammadu Buhari Political party: Paste in at least two newspaper clippings about All Progressive Congress (APC) President Muhammadu Buhari. Hometown: Pupil to paste in at least two newspaper Daura, Katsina State clippings about President Muhammadu Buhari. Time period: 2015-to date Major events during presidency so far: • After expiration of his first four-year term in 2019, he sought re-election and defeated many candidates to win another four years.

Six major achievements of President Muhammadu Buhari since 2015: • His government is working to achieve success in turning the economy around, improving security and fighting corruption. • His government made significant progress in fighting against Boko Haram insurgents in Northern Nigeria. • He secured the release of some of the abducted schoolgirls under the previous regime. • He implemented the Treasury Single Account (TSA) to prevent financial corruption in Nigeria. • He introduced the Whistle Blowing Policy to expose past and present corrupt government officials. • He provides employment opportunities for Nigerian youths who are jobless through N-Power initiatives. • He gave financial assistance as a bail-out to states that were unable to pay worker’s salaries. • His government has succeeded in bringing Nigeria out of economic recessions. • His government has declared June 12 as Nigeria’s Democracy Day to honour the late MKO Abiola who laid down his life for democracy to thrive in Nigeria. • He maintains good and friendly relations with neighbouring West African countries.

Activity 1.10 Pupil’s Book page 32

1. Write in your own words what you understand by the ‘process of civil rule’. 2. Do some research. Find out the names of the leaders of five political parties. You can use the same parties in question 3 or choose other parties. 3. List five political parties in Nigeria today. Draw the logos of each of these parties in the column on the right. Political party Logo

4. List three political parties of the past. 5. Do you think a one-party, two-party or multi-party system will work the best? Give one reason for your answer.

Possible answers 1. It refers to all the activities associated with creating a civilian government. 2. The pupils can choose any five parties on pages 30 and 31. 3. The pupils can list any five of the parties on page 31 and then draw their logos. 4. Pupils can choose any three political parties of the past. 5. Make sure pupils' reasons for their choice make sense.

Activity 1.11 Pupil’s Book page 36

1. Look at the poster below and fill in the missing words. Use words from the word box.

How to vote Voting at the polling unit will be as follows: 1. Step 1 At the _____ unit, join the _____. An _____ official will check if you are at the correct polling unit and confirm that the PVC presented belongs to you. Step 2: An INEC official will confirm if your _____ is genuine using a _____. You will be asked to place your finger on the fingerprint reader. Step 3: An INEC official will ask for your PVC and confirm you are listed in the _____. Your name will be ticked off and your finger will be _____ to confirm you have voted. If your name is not listed, you cannot vote. Step 4: The Presiding officer will _____, _____ and _____ your ballot paper. You will be given the ______rolled with the printed side inwards and directed to the voting cubicle. Step 5: Stain your finger with the _____ given and mark the box for the _____ or party you want to vote for. Roll the ballot paper in the manner you were given and flatten it. Step 6: Leave the voting cubicle and drop the ballot paper into the _____ in full view of people at the Polling Unit.

Step 7: Leave the polling unit in an orderly and peaceful manner, or wait if you so choose to watch the process up to the _____ of result. 2. Now write down the seven steps in your own words.

Possible answers 1. Step 1 At the polling unit, join the queue. An INEC official will check if you are at the correct polling unit and confirm that the PVC presented belongs to you. Step 2: An INEC official will confirm if your PVC is genuine using a card reader. You will be asked to place your finger on the fingerprint reader. Step 3: An INEC official will ask for your PVC and confirm you are listed in the voters’ register. Your name will be ticked off and your finger will be inked to confirm you have voted. If your name is not listed, you cannot vote. Step 4: The Presiding officer will endorse, stamp and sign your ballot paper. You will be given the ballot paper rolled with the printed side inwards and directed to the voting cubicle. Step 5: Stain your finger with the ink given and mark the box for the candidate or party you want to vote for. Roll the ballot paper in the manner you were given and flatten it. Step 6: Leave the voting cubicle and drop the ballot paper into the ballot box in full view of people at the Polling Unit. Step 7: Leave the polling unit in an orderly and peaceful manner, or wait if you so choose to watch the process up to the declaration of result. 2. Make sure pupils list the steps in the correct order and include all the important information.

Term 1 Assessment Pupil's Book page 00

1. Multiple choice Select the correct answer from A, B, C, or D and write down the number of the question and the letter of the answer. 1.1 What is civil rule? A) a political game B) a system of government C) a license D) a law 1.2 How many levels of government are there in Nigeria? A) 4 B) 7 C) 3 D) 2 1.3 How many states are there In Nigeria? A) 36 B) 14 C) 9 D) 32 1.4 What was the period 1979 – 1983 called? A) First Republic B) Second Republic C) Third Republic D) Fourth Republic 1.5 What was the original profession of Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa? A) Doctor B) Businessman C) Teacher D) Scientist 1.6 When did Alhaji Umaru Musa Yar’Adua's rule end? A) 2001 B) 2010 C) 1960 D) 1989 9

1.7 Dr Goodluck Jonathan created the Fund. A) Medical B) Sports C) Sovereign Wealth D) Banking 1.8 Election is the process of choosing people by. A) ballot B) email C) cell phone D) letter 1.9 The most recent election in Nigeria was held in. A) 2020 B) this year C) 2019 D) 2021 1.10 Who administers the oath of office on the president? A) Chief of Police B) A judge C) Chief Justice D) Vice-president (10x1)[10]

2. True or False Write down if the following statements are true or false. Rewrite the false statements so that they are true. 2.1 Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa was killed in a military coup. 2.2 Dr Azikiwe was elected as the first Premier of the Niger State in 1954. 2.3 Alhaji Aliyu Usman Shehu Shagari died in 2018 at the age of 93. 2.4 Nigeria operated the one-party system in the Third Republic. 2.5 In 2007, there were 27 political parties in Nigeria. (8x1)[8]

3. Short answers 3.1 What happens at the inauguration of the president? (3) 3.2 Give the dates for the four republics of Nigeria. (8)

3.3 Name four achievements of Chief Olusegun Obasanjo. (4) 3.4 Why is the Third Republic called the aborted republic? (2) 3.5 What does the Green Revolution programme promote? (2) 3.6 Which Military Head of State released Chief Olusegun Obasanjo in 1998? (1) [20]

4. Paragraph 4.1 Name the three branches of government and list three facts about each branch. (12) [12] Total: 50

Possible answers 1.1 B) a system of government 1.2 C) 3 1.3 A) 36 1.4 B) Second Republic 1.5 C) Teacher 1.6 B) 2010 1.7 C) Sovereign Wealth 1.8 A) ballot 1.9 C) 2019 1.10 C) Chief Justice (10x1)[10]

2.1 True 2.2 False. He was elected the first Premier of the Eastern State in 1954. 2.3 True 2.4 False. Nigeria operated a two-party system in the Third Republic. 2.5 False. There were 62 parties in 2007. (8x1)[8]

3.1 The Electoral Commission organises a swearing-in ceremony for the elected people. During the ceremony, the elected leaders are made to swear an oath of office by a competent judicial officer. At the federal level in Nigeria, the Chief Justice of Nigeria administers the oath of office to the president and the vice-president. (3) 3.2 1960–1966 (The First Republic) 1979–1983 (The Second Republic)

1991–1993 (The Third Republic) 1999–to date (The Fourth Republic). (8) 3.3 Any four: • He restored the good image of Nigeria globally after several years of human rights abuses under General Abacha. • He achieved the re-acceptance of Nigeria as a member of the Commonwealth of Nations after years of suspension. • He encouraged private bodies and individuals to establish universities in Nigeria, leading to the emergence of private universities like Babcock, Igbinedion and Madonna Universities. • He fought and discouraged corruption through the establishment of anticorruption bodies like the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) and the Independent Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Commission (ICPC). • He supported the development of the oil-producing states of Nigeria by establishing the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC). • He facilitated the introduction of the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) in Nigeria. • He maintained friendly relations with other countries of the world, particularly within the West African sub-region. (4) 3.4 Because this period did not produce an elected president and it did not even last four years. (2) 3.5 It promotes agriculture and food production. (2) 3.6 General Abdul Salami Abubakar (1) [20] 4.1 Executive (Administrative) branch; Legislative branch; Judicial branch Executive branch • The Executive (Administrative) branch is led by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. • The Executive branch is divided into Federal Ministries, each headed by a minister nominated by the president. • The ministries are responsible for various government-owned corporations, such as universities, the National Broadcasting Commission and the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation.

Legislative branch • The National Assembly of Nigeria has two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. • The House of Representatives is chaired by the Speaker and has 360 members. • The Senate is led by the President of the Senate and has 109 members. Judicial branch • The Judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court of Nigeria, the Court of Appeal, the Supreme Court and other trial courts, such as magistrate, custom, sharia and other specialised courts. • The National Judicial Council serves as an independent executive, isolating the judiciary from the executive arm of government. • The Supreme Court is chaired by the Chief Justice and 13 associate judges, who are appointed by the President of Nigeria on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council. [12] Total: 50

Term 2

Topic 2 Military rule in Nigeria

Activity 2.1 Pupil’s Book page 45

1. Write down your understanding of military rule. 2. Do some research and find out if anyone in your family or community is in the military. Ask them what they do. Report back to the class what you have learnt.

Possible answers 1. Military rule is a form of government in which members of the armed forces are the rulers and leaders of government. It is also known as a dictatorial or autocratic government because the military members rule by force. 2. Pupils' own answers.

Activity 2.2 Pupil’s Book page 46

List four characteristics of military rule.

Possible answers Any four: • The existing constitution and laws are suspended. • It governs by coercion, in other words, the person who commands has all the power, and the people are made to do what the leader wants by force or intimidation. Nothing that anyone else wants is considered. • Control is centralised; in other words, all planning, decision making, strategy and policies are controlled by a small core group of people. Control is organised according to a hierarchy, exactly like the military power is structured according to ranks. • The military leader is autocratic and dictatorial; ordinary citizens have no say in any decisions. • No opposition is allowed and any opposition is stopped by violence. Control is enforced according to decrees and edicts; in other words, the military leader can amend or announce any policy or law, even without the approval of any other member within the hierarchy, or ordinary citizens.

Activity 2.3 Pupil’s Book page 47

Complete the timeline by filling in the periods of military rule in Nigeria, as well as the names of the Heads of State during those times.

Possible answers First phase • 1966–1966: Major General Thomas Aguiyi Ironsi • 1966–1975: General Yakubu Gowon • 1975–1976: General Murtala Ramat Mohammed • 1976 –1979: General Olusegun Obasanjo The second phase (1983-1999) • 1983–1985: General Muhammadu Buhari • 1985–1993: General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida • 1993–1998: General Sani Abacha • 1998–1999: General Abdul Salami Abubakar

Activity 2.4 Pupil’s Book page 48

Mention five reasons why the military take over a government.

Possible answers Any five: • Political crises • Electoral malpractices and violence • Corruption among the politicians • Mismanagement of the economy • Victimisation of political opponents by the ruling parties • Ethnic and religious conflicts • Poor political administration • The political ambition of the officers of the Nigerian army • Regional hostility • Human rights abuses • The politicisation of the military • Favouritism and nepotism.

Activity 2.5 Pupil’s Book page 50

Complete the fact file for General Ironsi.

Possible answers Pupils draw or paste of photo of General Name: Thomas Aguiyi Ironsi Ironsi. Date of birth: 3 March 1924 Ruled as Head of State: 17 January to 29 July 1966 Died: 29 January 1966 Four achievements of General Ironsi as Head of State of Nigeria: • He enhanced the peace and unity of Nigeria by discouraging provocative speech, songs or pictures. • He arrested and imprisoned all the officers who participated in the January 1966 coup. • He established the Supreme Military Council. • He appointed military administrators for the then four regions of Nigeria namely: Col. Hassan Usman Katsina (Northern Region); Lt. Col. Adekunle Fajuyi (Western Region); Lt. Col. Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu (Eastern Region) and Lt. Col. David Ejoor (Mid- Western Region). • He abolished the federal system and made Nigeria a unitary state. • He promulgated several decrees which were aimed at promoting the security of lives and property of Nigerians. • He improved the freedom of the press through the Circulation of Newspaper Decree No. 2 of 1966.

Activity 2.6 Pupil’s Book page 53

Complete the fact file for General Yakubu Gowon.

Possible answers Pupils draw or paste of photo of General Yakubu Date of birth: 19 October 1934 Gowon. Ruled as Head of State: August 1966 to July 1975 Died: Still alive The Three Rs of his post-war programme in 1970 • Rehabilitation • Reconciliation • Reconstruction Five achievements of General Yakubu Gowon as Head of State of Nigeria: • He abolished the unitary system of government introduced by General Ironsi and restored Nigeria’s federal system. • He preserved the unity of Nigeria by preventing the breakup of the country during the Nigerian Civil War from 1967 to 1970 when the Igbo attempted to establish the Republic of Biafra. • He created 12 states for Nigeria from the existing four regions on 27 May 1967. • He changed driving from the left-hand side of the road to the right-hand side of the road in 1972. • He enacted the Indigenisation Decree in 1972 to give opportunities to Nigerian businessmen to control certain sectors of the economy that had until then been dominated by foreigners. • He built many roads and bridges across the country. • He built new federal universities in Benin, Jos and Port Harcourt in 1970. • He conducted the 1973 National Population Census in Nigeria. • He collaborated with the then President of Togo, Gnassingbe Eyadema, to form the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in 1975. (Any five)

Activity 2.7 Pupil’s Book page 55

Complete the fact file for General Murtala Ramat Muhammed.

Possible answers Name: Murtala Ramat Muhammad Pupils draw or paste of photo of Murtala Date of birth: 8 November 1938 Ramat Muhammad. Ruled as Head of State: 30 July 1975 to 13 February 1975 Died: 13 February 1976 Four achievements of General Murtala Ramat Muhammed as Head of State • He made civilians members of the Federal Executive Council during his regime. • He created seven new states, namely Borno, Niger, Bauchi, Benue, Ondo, Ogun and Imo, based on the reports of Justice Ayo Irikefe’s Panel on States Creation. • He constituted a Planning Committee chaired by Justice Akinola Aguda for the establishment of Abuja as the new Federal Capital Territory (FCT). • He set up a 50-member Constitutional Drafting Committee chaired by Barrister Rotimi Williams to draft a new constitution for Nigeria. • His government took over the ownership of the Daily Times and New Nigerian newspapers. • He declared that he would organise elections and hand over to elected leaders on 1 October 1979. (Any four)

Activity 2.8 Pupil’s Book page 58

Complete the fact file for General Olusegun Obasanjo.

Possible answers Name: Olsegum Aremu Okikiola Obasanjo Pupils draw or paste of photo of General Date of birth: 5 May 1937 Olusegun Obasanjo. Ruled as Head of State: February 1976 to 1979 Died: Still alive Most famous for: • 1995: Tried for plotting coup against military leader General Sani Abacha and sentenced to life in prison Five achievements of General Olusegun Obasanjo as Head of State of Nigeria: • Ramat Muhammed and became the first military Head of State to hand over power to elected leaders in Nigeria. • He introduced the presidential system of government in Nigeria as opposed to the parliamentary system of government practised since independence in 1960. • He made primary education compulsory and free through the Universal Primary Education (UPE) scheme launched in 1976. • He introduced the Operation Feed the Nation (OFN) programme to increase food production and aid self-sufficiency in Nigeria. • He reformed the local government administration in Nigeria and made local government areas the third tier of government in Nigeria. • He promulgated the Land Use Decree of 1978, which gave the government the ownership of all land in Nigeria. • He provided many infrastructural facilities including the Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos. • He introduced the Federal Character Principle to ensure fair distribution of national resources and opportunities to all Nigerian nationalities. • He produced the 1979 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. He established the Federal Electoral Commission (FEDECO) which conducted the 1979 elections which ushered in the Second Republic in Nigeria. (Any four)

Activity 2.9 Pupil’s Book page 60

Complete the fact file for General Muhammadu Buhari.

Possible answers Name: Muhammadu Buhari Pupils draw or paste of photo of General Date of birth: 17 December 1942 Muhammadu Buhari. Ruled as Head of State: 31 December 1983 to 27 August 1985 Died: Still alive Four achievements of General Muhammadu Buhari as Head of State of Nigeria: • He rebuilt the economy of Nigeria by cutting off the excesses of government expenditures. • He reduced the number of government ministries and parastatals to cut costs. • He encouraged import substitution industrialisation to assist the local industries. • He introduced the monthly environmental sanitation programme held on the last Saturday of every month. • He launched the War Against Indiscipline (WAI) programme in 1984 to ensure that Nigerians are patriotic and disciplined. • He arrested and imprisoned many corrupt politicians found guilty of financial misappropriation by the special military tribunals. • He was tough on criminal activities like bunkering, drug trafficking and financial fraud. (Any four)

Activity 2.10 Pupil’s Book page 64

Complete the fact file for General Ibrahim Babangida.

Possible answers Name: Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida Pupils draw or paste of photo of General Date of birth: 17 August 1941 Ibrahim Babangida. Ruled as Head of State: 27 August 1985 to 27 August 1993 Died: Still alive Pupils draw a map of Nigeria divided into two states. Check that pupils’ maps are correct.

Five achievements of General Ibrahim Babangida as Head of State of Nigeria: • He changed the name of the apex military ruling body from the Supreme Military Council (SMC) to the Armed Forces Ruling Council (AFRC). • He successfully conducted the National Population Census in 1991. • He moved the federal capital and seat of Nigeria’s government from Lagos to Abuja in 1991. • He created two states in 1987 (Akwa Ibom and Katsina) and nine states in 1991 (Abia, Delta, Enugu, Jigawa, Kebbi, Kogi, Osun, Taraba and Yobe). • He established three federal universities of agriculture in Makurdi, Abeokuta and Umudike in 1988. • He formally established the Office of the First Lady, and his wife, Maryam Babangida, adopted the title and rendered many services to Nigerian women through the Better Life Program. • He founded many new government agencies. • He introduced the two-party system in Nigeria when he initiated the formation and registration of the National Republican Convention (NRC) and the Social Democratic Party (SDP) in 1989. • He established the National Electoral Commission (NEC) as the electoral body in Nigeria during the aborted Third Republic. • He successfully conducted the local government, gubernatorial and state houses of assembly elections in 1991 and 1992. • He provided basic infrastructure across the country. • He introduced a new form of government which was neither a military government nor a popularly elected government which he called the Interim National Government (ING) under Chief Ernest Shonekan in 1993. • He maintained friendly relations with neighbouring countries and spearheaded the formation of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) in 1990 to keep peace in the troubled Liberia and Sierra Leone. (Any five)

Activity 2.11 Pupil’s Book page 66

Complete the fact file for General Sani Abacha.

Possible answers Name: Sani Abachi Pupils draw or paste of photo of General Date of birth: 20 September 1943 Sani Abacha. Ruled as Head of State: 17 November 1993 to 1998 Died: 1998 Five achievements of General Sani Abacha as Head of State: • He ruled Nigeria with an iron fist as a military dictator and autocrat. • He established the Petroleum (Special) Trust Fund (PTF) to finance capital projects across the country. • He established the War Against Indiscipline and Corruption (WAIC) in 1994. • He created six new states in 1996, namely Bayelsa, Ebonyi, Ekiti, Gombe, Nasarawa and Zamfara. • He established the National Electoral Commission of Nigeria (NECON) as the electoral body for Nigeria in 1994. • He founded the Ministry of Solid Mineral Resources Development. • He formally divided the country into six geo-political zones, namely: North-Central, North- East, North-West, South-East, South-South and South-West. • He initiated several socio-economic programmes through his wife, such as the Family Economic Advancement Programme (FEAP) and the Family Support Programme (FSP). • He ordered the execution of nine Ogoni leaders for protesting against his government’s treatment of the Niger-Delta region. • He destroyed the image of Nigeria in the global arena and Nigeria faced sanctions from many international organisations as a result. (Any five)

Activity 2.12 Pupil’s Book page 69

Complete the fact file for General Abdulsalami Abubakar.

Possible answers Name: Abdulsalami Abubakar Pupils draw or paste of photo of General Date of birth: 13 June 1943 Abdulsalami Abubakar. Ruled as Head of State: 8 June 1998 to 29 May 1999 Died: Current Chairman of the National Peace Committee Most famous for: • He promised and kept to the promise of handing over to a democratically elected government on 29 May 1999. Five achievements of General Abdulsalami Abubakar as Head of State of Nigeria: • He freed all the political prisoners who had been kept in jail since the era of General Abacha. • He introduced the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria. • He established the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to conduct elections for the various offices at state and federal levels. • He returned Nigeria to a multi-party state by registering three political parties, namely the Alliance for Democracy (AD), the All People’s Party (APP) and the People’s Democratic Party (PDP). • He successfully conducted elections at local, state and federal levels including the presidential elections, and ushered in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic. • He restored Nigeria’s good image on the international stage, and many sanctions that had been imposed on Nigeria were lifted. • He peacefully handed over power to a democratically elected government on 29 May 1999. (Any five)

Term 2 Assessment Pupils Book page 71

1. Multiple choice Select the correct answer from A, B, C, or D and write down the number of the question and the letter of the answer. 1.1 A form of government in which members of the armed forces rule the country is called. A) democracy B) civil rule C) autocracy D) military rule 1.2 The military consists of … components. A) one B) five C) three D) four 1.3 During military rule … wishes are ignored. A) individual B) family C) economic D) religious 1.4 How many phases of military rule where there? A) None B) Three C) Six D) Two 1.5 The military take over the government because of …. A) nepotism B) hunger C) poverty D) unemployment.

1.6 Major General Ironsi ruled for … days. A) 40 B) 160 C) 194 D) 90 1.7 General Yakubu Gowon created … states in 1967. a) four B) one C) 12 D) 20 1.8 Whose portrait is on the 20 naira note? A) General Yakubu Gowon B) General Murtala Muhammed C) Chief Olusegun Obasanjo D) General Sani Abacha 1.9 Whose wife started the Better Life programme? A) General Gowon B) General Mohammed C) General Babangida D) Chief MKO Abiola 1.10 Who died while he was still Head of State? A) General Sani Abacha B) General Murtala Muhammed C) Chief Olusegun Obasanjo D) Chief MKO Abiola (10x1)[10]

2. True or False Write down if the following statements are true or false. Rewrite the false statements so that they are true. 2.1 Military rule is known as a democratic government. 2.2 A coup d’etat is the violent or non-violent overthrowing of a government. 2.3 General Babangida stepped aside as the President. 2.4 During the period of military rule in Nigeria, the country had nine Heads of State. 2.5 One of the reasons for a military takeover is good political administration. (8x1)[8] 26

3. Short answers 3.1 Describe what a coup d’etat is. (3) 3.2 Name three of the heads of state and the dates they ruled in the First phase. (6) 3.3 Name three of the heads of state and the dates they ruled in the Second Phase. (8) 3.4 Name three of General Yakubu Gowon’s biggest achievements. (3) 3.5 Who ordered the execution of Ogoni leaders and why? (2) [18]

4. Paragraph 4.1 Describe the difference between military and civil rule in your own words and give three characteristics of each. [14] Total: 50

Possible answers 1.1 D) military rule 1.2 C) three 1.3 A) individual 1.4 D) Two 1.5 A) nepotism 1.6 C) 194 1.7 C) 12 1.8 B) General Murtala Muhammed 1.9 C) General Babangida 1.10 A) General Sani Abacha (10x1)[10] 2.1 False. It is known as a dicatatorial or autocratic government. 2.2 True 2.3 True 2.4 False. There were eight Heads of State. 2.5 False. It happens because of corruption among politicians. (8x1)[8] 3.1 A coup d’etat is when the military take over the running of the country. It can be bloody or bloodless. It is bloody if lives are lost during the process, and it is bloodless if no life is lost during the process. (3)

3.2 1966–1966: Major General Thomas Aguiyi Ironsi 1966–1975: General Yakubu Gowon 1975–1976: General Murtala Ramat Mohammed 1976 –1979: General Olusegun Obasanjo (6) 3.3 1983–1985: General Muhammadu Buhari 1985–1993: General Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida 1993–1998: General Sani Abacha 1998–1999: General Abdul Salami Abubakar (6) 3.4 Any three of the achievements on p. 51-52. (3) 3.5 Sani Abacha ordered the execution of nine Ogoni leaders for protesting against his government’s treatment of the Niger-Delta region. (2) [20]

4.1 • Military rule is a form of government in which members of the armed forces are the rulers and leaders of government. It is also known as a dictatorial or autocratic government because the military members rule by force. The military takes over a government through either the imposition of martial law or a coup d’etat. Martial law is direct military control of normal civilian functions by a government, normally in or as an emergency. • Civil rule is a system of government in which political rulers are chosen through free and fair elections. There have been four periods of civil rule in Nigerian history. Nigeria has three levels of government: federal, state and local. The federal government in Nigeria has three branches, namely, the executive (administrative), the legislative and the judicial branches. [12] Total: 50

Term 3

Topic 3 Oil economy

Activity 3.1 Pupil’s Book page 78

1. What is crude oil? 2. What is crude oil mostly made of? 3. Where was oil first discovered in commercial quantity in Nigeria? 4. Why is oil so important to us? 5. In which year was oil first exported from Nigeria? 6. Write down the nine oil-producing states of Nigeria today.

Possible answers 1. Crude oil is a fossil fuel. 2. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons formed from decayed plants and animals. 3. It was found in commercial quantity in Oloibiri. 4. The Nigerian government makes a lot of money from the oil it exports. This means it can use that money to run and improve the country. 5. February 1958 6. Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, Ondo, Rivers, Abia and Imo

Activity 3.2 Pupil’s Book page 80

1. Explain what you think by-products of crude oil are. 2. Write down six by-products of crude oil. Draw each of these by-products 3. Do some research. Speak to your family and/or members of the community and find out how many by-products of oil they use.

Possible answers 1. By-products of crude oil are useful products that are made through a process of distillation at a refinery. 2. • gasoline • wax • keresone • lubricants • diesel • asphalt 29

• naphta • cyclohexane • parafin wax • natural gas 3. Pupils must report back to class what they found out. You can write the by-products on the board and draw a graph to show which ones are the most popular.

Activity 3.3 Pupil’s Book page 84

1. How has the export of crude oil affected the Nigerian economy? 2. List four benefits of crude oil to the Nigerian economy. 3. Write down four ways in which your family uses oil by-products.

Possible answers 1. The money raised by the sale and export of crude oil supports the growth of the Nigerian economy, increases Nigerian national income and supports infrastructural development. 2. Any four: • Crude oil has become a major source of revenue for Nigeria. • The Nigerian government has been able to provide basic infrastructure, such as hospitals, electricity, water, and roads from crude oil revenue. • The standard of living and per capita income of Nigerians have improved. Revenue from crude oil has facilitated the establishment of the Petroleum Trust Fund (PTF) that has been used to finance educational programmes in Nigeria. • It has provided employment opportunities for many Nigerians in oil companies, refineries and other industries. • It has improved the status of Nigeria as a major oil-producing country in the world. • It has attracted multinational oil companies to open branches in Nigeria. • It has contributed to the improvement of Nigeria’s balance of payments in international trade. • It has facilitated the establishment of many government agencies and ministries. 3. Pupils' own answers.

Topic 4 The growth of industries in Nigeria

Activity 4.1 Pupil’s Book page 89

1. What is an industry? 2. Write down two classifications of industry in Nigeria. 3. In your own words, describe each of the classifications and give two examples of each. 4. Circle the letter on the images and draw an arrow to the correct classification.

Possible answers 1. The term ‘industry’ refers to a group of companies that produce similar goods or services within a geographical area. It can also refer to all the people and activities involved in making a particular product or providing a particular service. 2. Traditional and modern 3. • Traditional: Industries that existed in Nigeria before the arrival of the Europeans and the colonisation of Nigeria. A traditional industry is an indigenous craft industry or handcraft type of industry practised in precolonial Africa. Examples: Pottery, Dyeing, Carving, Canoe building, Salt making, Masonry, Weaving, Leatherwork, Blacksmithing, Basket weaving. • Modern: Modern industries are industries that engage in mass production of goods and services using machines and other modern equipment. Examples: textile industry, banking industry, film industry, manufacturing industry, and building industry. 4. Make sure pupils have understood the difference between traditional and modern industries. Modern: a, c, d; Traditional: b, e.

Activity 4.2 Pupil’s Book page 98

1. List five examples of modern industries in the state you are living in. 2. Mention two private-owned industries in Nigeria. 3. Do some research. Give two examples of cement-producing industries in Nigeria. Paste in the logo that identifies them. 4. Do some research. Give two examples of transport companies in Nigeria. Paste in a picture or photo of these two transport companies.

Possible answers 1. Pupils' own appropriate answers. 2. Dangote industries, Unilever, Cadbury, Julius Berger Nigeria Ltd, Adler Products Ltd 3. Lafarge Cement and Julius Berger Ltd 4. Ekene Dili Chukwu Transport Company, Cross Country Limited

Activity 4.3 Pupil’s Book page 102

1. Choose three different kinds of industries in your state. Write down at least two factors that tell you why they are located. Use the table on the next page to fill in your answers. 2. Write down why these industries are important to us. Fill in your answers in the table. 3. Draw a picture of each of these industries.

Possible answers 1. Pupils' own choices. 2. Pupils’ own answers. 3. Make sure the pictures are appropriate. Pupils can also find pictures if they don’t feel comfortable to draw.

Activity 4.4 Pupil’s Book page 104

1. Name three benefits of industry to Nigeria. 2. Go back to Activity 4.3 and say why the industries you listed are important to the economy of Nigeria. 3. Field trip. Your teacher will take you on a field trip to one of the industries in your locality. Take a notebook and write down what you see and hear.

Possible answers 1. Any three: • Industries generate income for the governments at all levels. • They offer employment opportunities to Nigerians. • They contribute to the improvement of the standard of living of the people. • They help to alleviate poverty and unemployment in the country. They facilitate expansion and urbanisation of Nigerian communities.

• They contribute to the economic growth and development of Nigeria. They help to provide basic infrastructural amenities in many communities, such as boreholes, electricity, etc. • They help to popularise Nigeria in other countries where their products are exported to. 2. Make sure the reasons pupils give are appropriate. 3. Pupils must report back to the class what they saw and heard on the field trip.

Term 3 Assessment Pupil’s Book page 00

1. Multiple choice Select the correct answer from A, B, C, or D and write down the number of the question and the letter of the answer. 1.1 What is crude oil? A) fossil fuel B) carbon monoxide C) industry D) product 1.2 Which of these are industrial states in Nigeria? A) Lagos B) Jos C) Zaria D) All of the above. 1.3 When was crude oil first discovered in Nigeria? A) 1908 B) 1937 C) 1956 D) 1951 1.4 Who was the first company to explore for oil in Nigeria? A) SBPDC B) NBC C) the government D) PTF 1.5 Which of these are modern industries? A) Weaving B) Pottery C) Masonary D) None of the above. 1.6 Which one of these states does not produce oil? A) Abia B) Imo C) Ondo D) Koduna 34

1.7 Which of these factors determine the location of industries in Nigeria? A) Access to labour B) Access to electricity C) Climate D) All of the above. 1.8 In which part of Nigeria are the oil-producing states located? A) North B) South C) East D) West 1.9 Which one of the products is not a by-product of crude oil? A) Chocolate B) Cotton C) Cement D) None of the above. 1.10 How many groups of owners are there of modern industries? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 2 (10x1)[10]

2. True or False Write down if the following statements are true or false. Rewrite the false statements so that they are true. 2.1 The first deep exploration well in Nigeria was drilled in 1951. 2.2 The first oil well was drilled to a depth of 11, 228 feet and oil was found. 2.3 Viable quantities of crude oil were found in 1955. 2.4 There are eight oil producing states in the northern part of Nigeria. 2.5 There are three groups of owners of modern industries in Nigeria. (8x1)[8]

3. Short answers 3.1 Name five by-products of crude oil. (5) 3.2 Name two traditional and two modern industries. (4) 3.3 What is the difference between traditional and modern industries? (4)

3.4 Name three types of ownership and give two examples of each. (6) [19]

4. Paragraph 4.1 Write a paragraph about the benefits of industry to Nigeria. Describe what a benefit is. Then, choose three industries and discuss what benefits they would bring to the country. (13) [13] Total: 50

Possible answers 1.1 A) fossil fuel 1.2 D) All of the above. 1.3 C) 1956 1.4 B) NBC 1.5 D) None of the above. 1.6 Koduna 1.7 D) All of the above. 1.8 B) South 1.9 D) None of the above. 1.10 A) 3 (10x1)[10]

2.1 True 2.2 False. No oil was found. 2.3 False. Viable quantities were found in 1956. 2.4 False. There are nine. 2.5 True (8x1)[8]

3.1 Any five: • gasoline • asphalt • keresone • naphta • diesel • parafin wax • wax • cyclohexane • lubricants • natural gas (5)

3.2 • Traditional industries refer to the forms of industries that existed in Nigeria before the arrival of the Europeans and the colonisation of Nigeria. A traditional industry is an indigenous craft industry or handcraft type of industry practised in precolonial Africa. • Modern industries are industries that engage in mass production of goods and services using machines and other modern equipment. These types of industry were introduced into Nigeria by the British who colonised Nigeria. (4) 3.3 • Traditional: pottery, dyeing, carving, canoe building, salt making, masonry, weaving, leatherwork, blacksmithing, basket weaving • Modern: textile industries, banking industries, film industry, manufacturing industries, and building industries. (4) 3.4 • Government: called government-owned industries. Examples include: NITEL, Nigerian Ports Authority (N.P.A.) and Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria (F.R.C.N.). • Private individual or groups of Nigerians: owned by private Nigerian citizens. Examples include: Olerone Softwares, Chene Networks, management and consulting firms, advertising agencies, waste management companies, etc. • Foreigners or non-Nigerians: owned by people who are not Nigerian citizens. Examples include: Uber, Facebook, Emergent Payments and the Meltwater Group. (6) [19]

4.1 Pupils' paragraphs should include at least some of the benefits below. Check that the benefits or specific industries they list are appropriate. The benefits of industries mean the advantages that industries bring to the people and communities where they are located. Benefits include: • Industries generate income for the governments at all levels. • They offer employment opportunities to Nigerians. • They contribute to the improvement of the standard of living of the people. • They help to alleviate poverty and unemployment in the country. • They facilitate expansion and urbanisation of Nigerian communities.

• They contribute to the economic growth and development of Nigeria • They help to provide basic infrastructural amenities in many communities, such as boreholes, electricity, etc. (13) [13] Total: 50

NEW Smart History

PRIMARY 6 TEACHER’S GUIDE

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Cambridge New Smart History Primary 6 has two components.

A Pupil’s Book which offers: • local content supported by full-colour illustrations and photos • a variety of activities to apply their knowledge and skills • activities that can be used in the classroom or for homework • assessment activities at the end of each term, which facilitate the evaluation of pupils’ progress • opportunities to develop an appreciation of their history, national heritage and identity.

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The FREE downloadable Digital Teacher’s Guide offers: • schemes of work to help weekly plan lessons • answers to exercises and activities in the Pupil’s Book.

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