Journal of Cereals and Oil seeds Vol. 3(2), pp. 15-20, August 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JCO DOI: 10.5897/JCO11.043 ISSN 2141-6591©2012 Academic Journals

Review

Studies on of a new species in the genus Caloglyphus berlese (Acarina: ) recognized in Pakistan

Muhammad Sarwar1* and Muhammad Ashfaq2

1Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando Jam-70060, Pakistan. 2University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan.

Accepted 4 December, 2011

This paper provides information relevant to categorization of one mite taxon Caloglyphus captus in the genus Caloglyphus berlese (Acarina: Acaridae) recognized in Pakistan which is new to science. This species exhibits unique characters where coxal fields II, III and IV are closed and all dotted. Data provided cover an outline of literature, taxonomic description, morphological features, differentiating and resemblance remarks with closely related species as well as identification key to recognize different taxa of the genus. The locality of collection, collector name, date of collection and the name of host are mentioned.

Key words: Acarina, Acaridae, Caloglyphus, new mite hypopus, taxonomy, Pakistan.

INTRODUCTION

The acaroid ’ species in the Acaridae family from numerous expanses of world. Zakhvatkin (1941) (Tyroglyphidae) are cosmopolitan infesting many types of arranged a comprehensive review of this genus and foods and stored products. Mites that belong to the portrayed 4 new species and redescribed 6 species with cheese mite group and may be encountered in certain improved descriptions. Nesbitt (1944 and 1949) and processed foods are Caloglyphus species. These are Samsinak (1966) supplemented 1, 3 and one new also encountered in places where food residues may species to this genus, respectively. Mahunka (1973, accumulate and remain wet, such as in out of the way 1974, 1978 and 1979) described 2, 1, 2 and one new places in food processing plants (Rodriguez, 1972). species, respectively from his area of study. Hughes Acaroid mites’ infestation is a well known problem for (1976) prepared an excellent accumulation of knowledge stored grain, often influencing quality and hygienic to this genus. Tseng and Hsieh (1976) redescribed one condition of the grain. However, acaroid mite can survive species with improved depiction. Samsinak (1980) in many environments including the storehouse, human amended the tribe Caloglyphini, re-established the genus and bodies (Li et al., 2003). The process of Caloglyphus and illustrated one new species. building taxonomic system may serve as a powerful Channabasavanna et al. (1981), Rao et al. (1982) and analytical tool, which can help researchers to identify Ashfaq and Chaudhri (1983) incorporated 1, 1 and four gaps in information and ways to resolve pest problems. new species, respectively in this genus. Samsinak (1988) Originally, Berlese in 1923, described Caloglyphus as a pointed out 1 new species of the tribe Caloglyphini. Zou subgenus of Tyroglyphus; he designated Tyroglyphus and Wang (1989), Sevastyanov and Radi (1991), Sher et mycophagus Mégnin, (1874) as a type species of genus al. (1991), Klimov (1996) and Eraky (1999) supplemented Caloglyphus for a single species (hypopus), afterward, 1, 3, 2, 1 and one new species, respectively to this several species of genus Caloglyphus have been referred genus. Klimov (2000) reviewed acaroid mites of the tribe Caloglyphini with description of a new species. Klimov and Oconnor (2003) published phylogeny, historical ecology and systematic of some mites including full *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. descriptions of each taxon, keys and biological 16 J. Cereals Oilseeds

informations. Sarwar and Ashfaq (2004, 2006), and small, each seta in encircled area of apodeme 4 (ap4) and Sarwar et al. (2005, 2009) in their study recognized and apodeme 5 (ap5). Seta hv 1 pair, simple, 9 µm long. Coxal expressed six new species from this global stretch. fields I open, II, III and IV closed, all dotted. Ventral shield Current investigations on the occurrence of mites fauna separated from genital shield. Genital shield, dotted, genital in the urban environment, has encountered one species slit elongated, 2 pairs genital suckers and 1 pair paragenital that is classified as new to science. A sequential analysis seta (pr) messed to genital disc (gdi3). Coxal discs di1 and of the genus, description and illustration of main body di2 present, conoids. Genital disc (gdi3) kidney-shaped characters for the new taxon and resemblance remarks without radial striations (Figures 2 and 4). Suctorial shield with closely related species are given. The terms of body 55 µm long, 65 mµ wide, dotted, concave medio-anteriorly, parts and idiosomal chaetotaxy follow Griffiths et al. rounded posteriorly having 1 pair suckers below, sclerotized (1990) and terms of leg chaetotaxy and solenidiotaxy piece, pointed, bifurcatedly arising from latero-posterior follow Griffiths (1970). All measurements taken from margin on either sides, anterior suckers 1 pair, oval, anal whole specimen are given in micrometers (µm). suckers 1 pair, rounded, anal suckers not equal to anterior suckers, 1 pair lateral and 1 pair posterior conoids, 2 pairs clear areas, representing vestigial suckers towards CALOGLYPHUS CAPTUS, SP. NOV. periphery (Figure 5). Suctorial shield separated from posterior end of body by 32 mµ, a distance smaller than Hypopus suctorial shield length (Figure 2) (Ventral idiosoma Figures 2, 4 and 5). This new species has been described from hypopial stage. Legs are strong and stout, I-IV measuring 115, 100, 85 Gnathosoma consists of gnathosoma fused pedipalpi, 30 and 75 µm in length, respectively (trochanter base to tarsus µm long, (basal part 20 µm long, distal part 10 µm), 2 tip). Setae and solenidia on legs I-IV segments: coxae 0-0- segmented, rounded at base, parallel laterally, bifurcated 0-0, trochanters 1-1-1-0, femora 1-1-0-0, genua 3-3-1-1, anteriorly, one pair aristae, 34 µm long, two pairs small tibiae 3-3-2-2, tarsi 13-11-9-8. Tarsi I and II 37 and 34 µm setae. (Gnathosoma Figures 2 and 3). Dorsal idiosoma long, respectively. Seta vF on femora I and II 36 mµ and 38 consists of the body 283 mµ long, 215 mµ wide, divided mµ long, respectively, absent on femora III and IV .Seta e into propodosomal and hysterosomal shields. on tarsi I-IV measuring 28, 25, 15 and 15 µm long, Propodosomal shield 75 µm long, 185 µm wide, with well respectively. Seta mG on genua I, lancet-like, on II, a spine; defined rostral projection antero-medially, dotted, latero- hT on tibiae I and II lancet-like, 15, 12, 20 and 15 µm long, medially with broken striations; setae vi, ve, sci, sce and respectively. Seta ó on genu I, simple, on genu II, a scs, each one pair, simple, measuring 17, 9, 4, 1 and 26 solenidion, and 30 and 12 mµ long, respectively. Tarsi I and mµ in length, respectively; sci-sci 35 µm, sce-sce 83 µm II each with a solenidion w1 24 and 25 µm long, and sci-sce 26 µm apart; setae sci and sce forming a respectively. Tarsi III and IV are short and stout. Seta ö on straight line, middle in position. Hysterosomal shield 233 tibiae I and II 65 and 36 µm long, respectively. Seta ba on mµ long, 215 µm wide, dotted, anterior, lateral and posterior tarsus I 25 µm long. Tarsi I-IV provided with 3 leaf-like + 1 margins with dots and broken striations, lateral margins turn spoon-shaped; 4 leaf-like + 1 spoon-shaped; 4 leaf-like + 1 towards venter. Hysterosomal shield with eleven pairs spoon-shaped; 4 leaf-like + 1 spoon-shaped setae, setae, two pairs visible pores. Setae d1 = d2 = d3 = d4 = 4 respectively. Seta d is on leg IV tarsus 30 mµ long (Legs µm; hi 11 µm, he 7 µm; la 5 µm, lp1 = lp2 = 11 µm; sae 40 Figure 2). µm, sai 11 µm long; d1 - d1 89 µm, d2 - d2 59 µm, d3 - d3 69 µm, d4 - d4 67 µm; d1 - d2 60 µm, d2 - d3 60 µm, d3 - d4 57 µm and la - la 120 µm apart. Hysterosomal shield Types anterior margin overlapping propodosomal shield posterior margin up to 25 µm, overlapping area with transverse and Holotype, hypopus, collected from Dera Ismail Khan from broken striations (Dorsal idiosoma Figure 1). maize (Zea mays L.) on 16.10.1994 (Sarwar) and Ventral idiosoma consists of apodeme 1 (ap1) Y-shaped deposited in Acarology Research Laboratory, Department continuing with sternum 1 (st1), sternum 1 (st1) free, of Agricultural Entomology University of Agriculture slightly bifid posteriorly, 45 mµ long. Apodeme 2 (ap2) not Faisalabad, Pakistan. free, meeting Apodeme 3 (ap3) and Apodeme 4 (ap4) forming broad, rounded tip. Apodeme 3 (ap3) meeting Apodeme 4 (ap4). Apodeme 4 (ap4) not meeting medially. Remarks Apodeme 4 (ap4) and Apodeme 5 (ap5) meeting anteriorly, making broad, rounded tip, not meeting with same structure This new species is comparable to Caloglyphus from other side. Sternum 2 (st2) continuing with Apodeme 4 faisalabadiensis Sher, Ashfaq and Parvez due to following (ap4) and apodeme 5 (ap5), double-lined, 40 mµ long. Apo points: deme 5 (ap5), sternum 2 (st2) and posterior line between sternum 2 (st2) and apodeme 5 (ap5) making a closed, 1. Setae sci and sce posterior in position forming a semi- dotted and triangular area. Metasternal seta (mts) 1 pair, circular line in C. faisalabadiensis but middle in position Sarwar and Ashfaq 17

Figure 1. Dorsal side.

forming a straight line in this new species. 2. Coxal field II open in C. faisalabadiensis but closed in this new species. 3. Coxal discs (di1, di2) simple in C. faisalabadiensis but Figure 2. Ventral side. conoids in this new species. 4. Paragenital seta (pr) antero-medial to genital disc (gdi3) in C. faisalabadiensis but messed in this new species. Megnin, due to having the following features: This new species is also nearer to Caloglyphus hadros Sarwar, Ashfaq and Akbar, but following characters 1. Sternum 2 (st2) not meeting genital shield posteriorly in separate them: C. mycophagus but meeting in this new species. 2. Gnathosoma with 1 pair small setae in C. 1. Dorsal body smooth in C. hadros but dotted in this new mycophagus but with 2 pairs small setae in this new species. species. 2. Gnathosoma notched posteriorly in C. hadros but not 3. Coxal disc (di1) replaced by a seta in C. mycophagus but notched in this new species. not so in this new species. 3. Coxal field II open in C. hadros but closed in this species. 4. Tarsi I-III with 4-5-3 leaf-like setae, respectively in C. This new species and C.berlesei Michael (1903) have the hadros but with 3-4-4 leaf-like setae, respectively in this following deviating characters in them: new species. 1. Sternum 2 (st2) absent in C. berlesei but present in this This new species differs from Caloglyphus mycophagus new species. 18 J. Cereals Oilseeds

2. Sternum 1 (st1) bifid posteriorly in this new species but not so in C. berlesei. 3. Metasternal seta (mts), paragenital seta (pr) and seta hv absent in C. berlesei but present in this new species.

Key to the species of genus Caloglyphus (hypopus)

1. Sternum 2 (st2) present …………………………………………...……………………..2 - Sternum 2 (st2) absent ……………………………………26

2. Sternum 2 (st2) meeting genital shield posteriorly Figure 3. Gnathosoma. …………………………………………...……………………..3 - Sternum 2 (st2) not meeting genital shield posteriorly…………………………………………...... 19

3. Apodeme 2 (ap2) meeting apodeme 3 (ap3)………………………………………..…………………..4 - Apodeme 2 (ap2) not meeting apodeme 3 (ap3)……………………………...…………...…… …………7

4. Dorsum dotted; sternum 1 (st1) bifid posteriorly …………...... C. captus Sarwar and Ashfaq, sp. nov. - Dorsum not dotted; sternum 1 (st1) not bifid posteriorly…...... …...... 5

5. Propodosomal setae (sci,sce) forming a straight line shaped.....………..………………...C. austerus Sarwar et al. - Propodosomal setae (sci,sce) not forming a straight line…………………...………………...... 6

6. Apodeme 2 (ap2) meeting apodeme 4 (ap4); metasternal seta (mts) present…………………….C. spinipes Mahunka - Apodeme 2 (ap2) not meeting apodeme 4 (ap4); metasternal seta (mts) absent…………...C. rodionovi A. Z.

Figure 4. Coxal fields. 7. Apodeme 3 (ap3) meeting apodeme 4

(ap4)……………………………………………………..……12

- Apodeme 3 (ap3) not meeting apodeme 4

(ap4)……………………………………………………………8

8. Gnathosomal lateral margins parallel……………………………………………………...…9 -Gnathosomal lateral margins not parallel………………………………………………………. 11

9. Sternum 1 (st1) bifid posteriorly; paragenital seta (pr) bifid……………….…C. multaniensis Ashfaq and Chaudhri - Sternum 1 (st1) not bifid posteriorly; paragenital seta (pr) not bifid………………………………………………………10

10. Tarsus I with 4 leaf-like setae; external ventral seta of genu II simple...…...... C. tshernyshevi Zakhvatkin - Tarsus I with 5 leaf-like setae; external ventral seta of genu II spine-like………….C. agrios Sarwar et al. (2000)

11. Setae sci and sce forming straight line; apodemes 4 Figure 5. Suctorial shield. Sarwar and Ashfaq 19

(ap4) not meeting medially.C. opacatus Ashfaq and Zakhvatkin Chaudhri - Setae sci and sce not forming straight line; apodemes 4 22. Gnathosoma with 1 pair small (ap4) meeting medially…….…....C. trigonellum Sher et al. setae……………………………….………………………...23 - Gnathosoma not with 1 pair small 12. Gnathosoma notched setae…………..………………………….………………..25 posteriorly...... …...…...... 13 - Gnathosoma not notched 23. Coxal disc (di1) replaced by a posteriorly…………………………..………..………………14 seta……………………………...... …C. mycophagus Megnin - Coxal disc (di1) not replaced by a 13. Setae sci and sce of equal size; apodemes 4 (ap4) seta...………………………………………...………...……24 meeting medially……...C. merisma Ashfaq and Chaudhri - Setae sci and sce not of equal size; apodemes 4 (ap4) not 24. Sternum 2 (st2) free from either sides; coxal field III meeting medially...C. hadros Sarwar et al. open…………………………….…..……C. baloghi Mahunka - Sternum 2 (st2) free posteriorly; coxal field III 14. Dorsal body setae closed……………………...………...... C. conus Mahunka simple...... ……...... …...... ….....15 - Dorsal body setae serrate……….C. oviformis Mahunka 25. Apodeme 2 (ap2) meeting apodeme 3(ap3); suctorial shield with radial striations 15. Gnathosoma much below anterior margin of posteriorly……………..……….....…C. bifurcatus Mahunka propodosoma; coxal field III opened………..C. moniezi A.Z. - Apodeme 2 (ap2) not meeting apodeme 3(ap3); suctorial - Gnathosoma not much below anterior margin of shield without radial striations posteriorly……...C. propodosoma; coxal field III not open………….……...16 forficularis Sevastyanov and Radi

16. Gnathosoma parallel laterally, distal fork 26. Gnathosoma extended beyond the separated from basal joint; genital disc (gdi3) kidney- body....…...... 27 shaped....……..……………………….………………..….18 - Gnathosoma not extended beyond the - Gnathosoma not parallel laterally, distal fork not separated body………………………………………………...………..28 from basal joint; genital disc (gdi3) not kidney- shaped……………………...... 17 27. Apodemes 4 (ap4) meeting medially, metasternal seta (mts), paragenital seta (pr) and seta hv 17. Hysterosomal shield smooth; trochanter I without seta; present...... C. morosus Ashfaq and Chaudhri ó on genu II spine-like...C. muscarius Sevastyanov and - Apodemes 4 (ap4) not meeting medially; metasternal seta Radi (mts), paragenital seta (pr) and seta hv not - Hysterosomal shield dotted; trochanter I with 1 seta; ó on present…………………………………… C. berlesei Michael genu II a solenidion.....…….C. kenos Sarwar and Ashfaq. 28. Apodeme 3 (ap3) meeting apodeme 18. Hysterosomal shield smooth; sternum 1 (st1) not bifid (ap4)…………………………………...... 31 posteriorly; coxal discs (di1, di2) - Apodeme 3 (ap3) not meeting apodeme (ap4)……… 29 conoids...... C. bradys Sarwar et al. - Hysterosomal shield dotted; sternum 1 (st1) bifid 29. Gnathosoma reduced; coxal field III posteriorly; coxal discs (di1, di2) not conoids....C. opened...... C. caroli Channabasavanna et al. faisalabadiensis Sher, Asfaq and Parvez -Gnathosoma well developed; coxal field III closed...... …...... 30 19. Ventral shield separated from genital 30. Coxal field II open; legs strong and shield…………………………..………..…...……………...22 stout...... C. geotruporum Zakhvatkin - Ventral shield not separated from genital - Coxal field II closed; legs fat and hield…………………...………………………..…….………20 small…………………….……………C. spinitarsus Hermann

20. Apodemes 4 (ap4) meeting 31. Coxal field III opened; genital disc (gdi3) and suctorial medially...... …...... C. polyphyllae Zakhvatkin shield with radial striation…C. clemens Sarwar and Ashfaq - Apodemes 4 (ap4) not meeting - Coxal field III closed; genital disc (gdi3) and suctorial medially………….………………………………….……….21 shield without radial striation…….……….C. cingentis Sarwar and Ashfaq 21. Suctorial shield rounded……C. mandzhur Zakhvatkin

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