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Editors: Dr Biljana Abolmasov, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology Dr Miloš Marjanoviđ, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology Uroš uriđ, MSc, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Civil Engineering Proceedings of the 2nd Regional Symposium on LANDSLIDES in the AdriaƟ c-Balkan Region, ReSyLAB, Belgrade 14-16 May 2015 University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology May 2017 PUBLISHER: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology FOR PUBLISHER: Prof. Dušan Polomēiđ, Dean COVER DESIGN: SrĜan KrsƟ đ PRINTED BY: Sapient Graphics ISSUED: 250 Copies FRONT COVER PHOTO: Landslide Leva Reka, Kraljevo, Serbia (by Biljana Abolmasov) BACK COVER PHOTO: Landslide Leva Reka, Kraljevo, Serbia, UAV photo (by Dragan Milovanoviđ and Stefan Miljkoviđ) Disclaimer The content of this proceedings does not reﬂect the opinion of the editors or publisher. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the papers lies entirely with the author(s). CIP - ʶ̶̨̛̛̯̣̠̌̌̐̌̌̚ ̱ ̶̡̛̛̛̪̱̣̠̍̌ ʻ̨̬̦̌̔̌ ̨̡̛̛̣̯̖̍̍̌ ˁ̛̬̠̖̍, ʥ̨̖̬̐̌̔ 551.4.037(082) 624.131.53(082) 624.138(082) REGIONAL Symposium on Landslides in the AdriaƟ c-Balkan Region (2 ; 2015 ; Beograd) Proceedings of the 2nd Regional Symposium on Landslides in the AdriaƟ c-Balkan Region, RESYLAB, Belgrade 14-16 May 2015 [Elektronski izvor] ; editors Biljana Abolmasov, Miloš Marjanoviđ, Uroš uriđ / editors Biljana Abolmasov, Miloš Marjanoviđ, Uroš uriđ. - Belgrade : University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 2017 (Belgrade : Sapient Graphics). - 1 elektronski opƟ ēki disk (CD-ROM) ; 12 cm Sistemski zahtevi: Nisu navedeni. - Tiraž 250. - Invited lecturer: str. 256-261. - Nasl. sa naslovnog ekrana. - BibliograĮ ja uz svaki rad. - Registar. ISBN 978-86-7352-296-8 a) ʶ̛̛̣̹̯̌̚ - ʯ̶̨̛̛̬̦̍ b) ʶ̨̛̭̦̖ - ʯ̶̨̛̛̬̦̍ COBISS.SR-ID 234417420 Proceedingsofthe2ndRegionalSymposiumonLandslides,Belgrade,2015 LandslideeventsinSerbiainMay2014:AnOverview MilošMarjanoviđ(1,2),BiljanaAbolmasov(1),Urošuriđ(3),SnežanaBogdanoviđ (1),Michael Krautblatter(2) 1)UniversityofBelgrade,FacultyofMiningandGeology,DepartmentofGeotechnics,Belgrade,ušina7,+381113219224 2) Technische Universität München, Faculty of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering, Chair of Landslide Research, Munich 3)UniversityofBelgrade,FacultyofCivilEngineering,DepartmentofGeotechnicalEngineering,Belgrade Abstract In this paper we overview the landsliding missing temporal dimension, as they all only compile aftermath caused by a 100Ǧyear rainfall maximum in reportedhistoricevents,thereforefailingtoserveasgood WesternandCentralSerbiainmidMay2014,byapplying support for eventǦdriven analyses. This is especially various spatial analyses. The extreme character of the importantinthecasesofextremeevents,whenmassive event is well depicted throughout the damage and cost landslidingexceedstheboundariesofexpected,andleads estimations and explored for their spatial patterns and touncommonmechanismsatunprecedentedrates.One relations to other characteristics, such as landslide such episode stroke Serbia during the extreme rainfall typology, metrics (surface area, volume, depth), rock event,thataffectedtheentireBalkanregion,inmidMay types,etc.Analysesarealsoperformedonadministrative 2014. level,permunicipalityandbiggersettlements,aswellas HeavyprecipitationpeakedonMay14Ǧ16,asCyclone road communications, to enhance the overview of TamaraswepttheregioninWestǦEastdirection,passing economic and social effects of the event. We herein throughCroatia,BosniaandHerzegovinaandSerbia.The exploit only reported landslides and their effects, while rainfall locally exceeded monthly rates up to 4 times in the realistic estimates are only discussed. Shallow slipǦ these 3 days. In Western and Central Serbia, daily slides were the most dominant, although considerable precipitation onMay15exceededthenormalaverageof numberofflows,whichareuncommonforclimaticand the entire month (RHMSS 2014). Several rain gauges in environmentalconditionsinSerbia,wasalsoreported.As Belgrade, Valjevo and Loznica, registered over 100 a result, extreme landsliding, directly affected 34 mm/day, which is the highest daily precipitation total municipalities, wherein municipalities of,ukarica, everrecordedinSerbia,sincethebeginingofrecordingin Zvezdara,Mionica,KrupanjandLoznicahadthehighest 1888. The rainfall event was concentrated on the Sava abundance of landslides per municipality area. Analysis River catchment and partly the Velika Morava River oflandslidebufferszonessuggestthatsignificantamount system. The first torrential floods appeared in BosniaǦ of road communications was heavily affected. Most Herzegovina,andWesternandCentralSerbia,whilethe importantly, the buffer shows high percentage of the flood wave started within the following days along affecting the population for several landslides. These the Sava River. The first landslides (debris/earthflows) resultsarevaluablesupplementstothegeneralestimates occurredonMay15,andearlyestimatesoftheirnumber performedduringtheRNA(RecoveryNeedsassessment) were in the order of hundreds (WorkGroup2 2014, reportingstage. UNDAC2014). Keywords rainfall, landslides, Cyclone Tamara, spatial Landslidingeventandaftermathoverview analysis Such a massive event required a quick response and immediate mapping and assessment campaigns. Geological surveys of Serbia and domestic/foreign Introduction experts, as well as international working groups (the In climate changing conditions, the Balkan region is European Union, the United Nations and the World witnessing increased landsilidng activity in the past Bank) have initialized inventorying on a municipality decade. Precipitation patterns are clustered (Bajat et al. level.Initiallystandardized,thelandslidereportswereto 2013),whereaswetareasreceiveevenmoreprecipitation containallthenecessarypiecesofinformation:location, anddryingareasevenless(KleinTankandKönnen2003). metrics, type, mechanism, activation date, previous Therefore, rainfallǦtriggered landslides are meeting activity stage, estimated damage/cost and prognostic necessary conditions for becoming more abundant. crossǦsections. After further harmonization of location Unfortunately, there are no systematic overviews of and classification standards, these reports were used in landslide events in Serbia. Existing inventories are thespatialanalyses. 239 M.Marjanovi©,B.Abolmasov,U.0uri©,S.Bogdanovi©,M.Krautblatter–LandslideeventsinSerbia… be considered uncommon in normal mass movement events.TotalremediationcostestimatesrangeuptoRSD 300millionperindividuallandslides,whichisequivalent toEUR2.5million. Table 1 Engineering Geological units enlisting rock types that hostedthemostofthelandslides(count>20). ID rocktype count 6 sand,clay,gravel(alluvialͲproluvialcomplex) 30 20 Cretaceousflysch 26 37 Paleozoicflyschcomplex 24 24 CretaceousflyschͲlikecomplex 23 38 PaleozoiclowͲcrystalineschist 21 Forthepurposeofrocktyperelationstolandslides, we overlaid the landslide data to archived Engineering Geological Map 1:500000 (,ubrilovi© 1969). Regarding these Engineering Geological controls, it is evident that landslides dominated in certain rock types, primarily proluvial complexes, which is directly related to debrisflows initiation. Weathered flyschǦlike complexes (labeled 20, 37, and 24; mostly composed of alternating conglomerateǦsandstone,marl,andshale)andweathered lowǦcrystalline Paleozoic schists (labeled 38) expectedly hostedmanyreportedlandslides(Fig.1).Saturatingtheir thick detritus was critical for appearance of shallow Figure1LandslidesfollowingtheMay2014rainfallandrelevant landslides,whichwerethemostabundant. Engineering Geological units (rock types exampled in Table 1 areheregivenbytheirIDlabelsinwhite).Thetoneofeachunit SocioͲeconomicelementsoverview depends on the landslide count (intense tones have more landslides).Encircledareaistheareaofinterestchosenforthe Wefurtheranalyzedmunicipalitiesthatwereaffectedby analysis. landsliding, i.e. those that had at least one landslide occurrenceovertheirterritory. The total of (345) landslides were reported (Fig. 1), The following municipalities suffered the greatest including:34debrisflows,33debrisslides,34earthflows, damage to landsliding (Fig. 3a): Kraljevo, Mionica 223 earthslides, and 8 rockfalls, while 37 instances Koceljeva,andOse«ina,followedbySvilajnac,Ljubovija, remained unclassified (Fig. 2a,b). Earth slides were the Užice, Jagodina, Para©in, etc. However, significant largest in volume (also the biggest in area and the number of reported instances did not include the total deepest)ofalllandslidetypes,as59of70landslidesthat 3 remediationcostestimates(30%0r106/345).Thisislikely were larger than 10000 m belong to this type (Fig. 2a). the reason why these estimates are not that well Majority of the landslides (80% or 277/345) were correlatedwiththeactuallandslideabundanceorrelative relatively shallow (<5 m). All reported landslides are landslide areaǦthe total area of all landslides in a identified as entirely new, caused by the May 2014 municipalitydividedbythesizeofthatmunicipality(Fig. rainfall,butthisfindingisarguableduetotheabsenceof 3b). The latter is probably the most realistic estimate reliable activation date estimates in many reports. The (than for instance the landslide count) as it normalizes mostdamagingweretheearthslidesanddebrisflows(Fig. the surface area of landslide by the area of the 2b). municipality.Itistherefore,morejustifiedtosaythatthe Relative damage was not equally distributed: 108 landsliding hotspots and the hotspots of the economic

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