International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research Vol.1; Issue: 2; April-June 2016 Website: www.gkpublication.in/ijshr Review Article ISSN: 2455-7587

A Review on Studies and Research on Iron Removal

Sunil J. Kulkarni

Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Received: 15/04/2016 | Revised: 13/05/2016 | Accepted: 13/05/2016

ABSTRACT Common methods used for iron removal includes chemical precipitation, Removal of various metals is one of the coagulation-, flotation, important and widely investigated areas of , nanofiltration, reverse research. The presence of iron in water imparts osmosis, electrochemical treatment reddish colour and undesirable odour. It is techniques like electrodialysis, difficult to removal iron complexed with other organic and inorganic compounds. It has high electrolysis, electrochemical precipitation, solubility in aqueous substances. Common electroextraction. The current review methods used for iron removal includes summarizes research and studies on iron chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, removal. flotation, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, , electrochemical treatment techniques RESEARCH AND STUDIES ON IRON like electro dialysis, membrane electrolysis, REMOVAL electrochemical precipitation, electroextraction. Bulai and Cioanca investigated The current review summarizes research and chelating resin purolite S930 for removal of studies on iron removal. iron from wastewater. [17] They used

sulphate of iron for the preparation of Key words: , optimum dose, pH, nanoparticles, concentration. synthetic effluent. With pH the equilibrium iron concentration decreased. The optimum INTRODUCTION pH for iron removal was observed to be 5. Wastewater treatment for removal of With increase in initial iron concentration various organic and inorganic compounds is the percentage removal decreased. For rapidly evolving field. The industrialization increase in concentration upto 100 mg/l, has led to research on new and efficient loading capacity increased sharply, showing technologies. These technologies include insignificant change thereafter. Ankrah and Søgaard carried out review on biological cost effective solution for wastewater [18] treatment. Wastewater treatment for removal of iron. The biological reaction removal of chemical oxygen demand is in presence bacteria and water forms most widely studied area in wastewater hydroxide. Albrektiene et. al. used [1-5] coagulation for removal of iron- organic engineering. The organic pollutants and [19] heavy metals affect adversely man and complexes from wastewater. They environment. [6-8] Their removal can be discussed the possibilities of removal of carried out by biological methods like iron-organic complexes using the coagulant activated sludge methods and trickling poly-aluminium chloride (PAC). They filters. [9-13] Adsorption is most widely used carried out experimentation on methods practically and in research also. [14- concentration of total iron, permanganate 16] The presence of iron in water imparts index, pH and residual aluminium. In their reddish colour and undesirable odour. It is work, they established the conditions under difficult to removal iron complexed with which the process of coagulation is most other organic and inorganic compounds. It effective. The pH value of 6.5-6.8 favoured has high solubility in aqueous substances. the iron removal.

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Barlokova and Ilavsky investigated et. al. carried out investigation on iron use of natural materials for for iron removal efficiency of charcoal derived from removal. [20] They used chemically activated bamboo. [25] They carried out an natural zeolite (Klinopur-Mn) produced in investigation on iron removal by using four Slovakia with imported Birm for iron different bamboo charcoals Bambusa removal from wastewater. They found the balcooa, Bambusa nutans, Bambusa tulda iron removal was influenced by water and and Bambusa Padilla separately for iron filter material (height of filtration layer, removal. pH value greater than 7.5 favoured filtration time), properties of preparation the iron removal. They found that though all active layer, i.e. layer thickness and its four charcoals were efficient for iron chemical composition, regeneration removal, Bambusa balcooa was more technology. Win et.al. used water hyacinth capable of bringing iron levels decreases to for Iron removal from industrial waters. [21] desirable limits. They carried out preliminary study aimed at treating industrial waters that are CONCLUSION contaminated with iron. In their It was observed by investigators that, investigation, high iron accumulation was in ion exchange studies, with pH the observed at lower concentration of 0.001 M, equilibrium iron concentration decreased. in roots and leaves. They observed three Also the optimum pH for iron removal was types of stresses namely uptake, excretion observed to be 5. For coagulation, as found and oscillation. by researchers, using poly aluminium Modified coconut shell charcoal was chloride, the pH value of 6.5-6.8 favoured used as adsorbent by Beenakumari for iron the iron removal. Research on zeolite removal from water. [22] She observed that application for iron removal indicated that iron removal resulted from adsorption of the factors like height of filtration layer, oxygen followed oxidation of iron. She filtration time, properties of preparation observed that iron removal increased with active layer, i.e. layer thickness and its decrease in particle size. The optimum chemical composition, regeneration concentration was observed to be 500 ppm. technology. Teunissen et. al. carried out an investigation on removal of iron from ground water. [23] REFERENCES Settling of iron (hydroxide) particles or 1. Sunil J. Kulkarni, “Removal Of post-treatment flocculation of dissolved iron Organic Matter From Domestic according to them was one of the major Waste Water By Adsorption‖, reasons for iron contamination of water. International Journal Of Science, They carried out the study towards the Engineering And Technology current iron removal processes and also Research, 2013, 2(10), 1836-1839. investigated removal of dissolved and 2. Pallavi Amale, Sunil Kulkarni, particulate iron. The elementary work Kavita Kulkarni, “A Review on carried out by them indicated that Research for Industrial Wastewater operational events such as switching on/off Treatment with Special Emphasis on of filters and back washing have a Distillery Effluent”, International significant impact. It was possible to Journal of Ethics in Engineering & improve iron removal by using caustic soda Management Education, 2014, 1(9), dosage or crushed limestone filtration. Hiiob 1-4. and Karro carried out studies on removal of 3. Sunil J. Kulkarni, Ajaygiri K. iron from water treatment plants. [24] They Goswami, “Adsorption Studies for carried out studies on the effectiveness of 20 Organic Matter Removal from groundwater purification plants with eight Wastewater by Using Bagasse different water treatment systems. Baruah Flyash in Batch and Column

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