SIXTY-NINTH REPORT

OF TH E

BASEL GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSION

m

SOUTH-WESTERN INDIA

FOR THE YEAR

1§ 0 S

MANGALORE

PRINTED AT THE BASEL MISSION PRESS

1909 ST. MARY ISLAND, NEAR MALPE, S. CAÑARA.

Sjurnpean jV|issimiarißs

o f tin.e B a se l O-exisxan !E3T7-a,xigrelica.l ILviEissìon..

Corrected up to the 15th May 1909.

(m) = married ; (w) = widower ; * = unordained.

Uame | Native Country Ent. Service | Station

1. G. Ritter (m) j Germany 1869 Mangalore, S. Cañara 2. J. A. Brasche (m) j do. 1869 Udipi, do. 3. G. Benner (m) * | do. 1877 Palghat, Malabar 4. J. G. Kühnle (m) j do. 1878 Manjeri, do. 5. I. Weismann (m) do. 1878 Chombala, do. 6. J. J. Jaus (m) do. 1879 Calicut, do. 7. Fr. Stierlin (m) * do. 1880 Mangalore, S. Cañara 8. K. Ernst (m) do. 1881. Bettigeri, S. Mahrat. 9. J. Fischer (m) do. 1881 Anandapur, Coorg 10. F. Eisfelder (m) do. 1882 Guledgudd, S.Mahr. 11. D. Berli (m) Switzerland 1885 Hubli, S. Mahratta 12. G. Peter (m) do. 1885 Palghat, Malabar 13. J. Goetz (m) Germany 1886 Basrur, S. Cañara 14. A. Glattfelder (m) * Switzerland 1886 Mangalore, do. 15. J. Siebcr (m)* do. 1887 do. do. 16. Fr. Yolz (m) * Germany 1888 Calicut, Malabar 17. H. Risch (m) do. 1888 Mangalore, S. Cañara 18. G. Wieland (m) do. 1889 Kalhatti, Nilgiris 19. H. Bretschneider (m) * do. 1890 Mangalore, S. Cañara 20. Th. Uber (m) do. 1892 Cannanore, Malabar 21. M. Breidenbach (m) do. 1892 Moolky, S. Cañara 22. Tr. Lutz (m) Switzerland 1892 Honavar, N. Cañara 23. J. Bächle (m) Germany 1893 Kasaragod, S. Cañara 24. K. Mayer (m) do. 1893 Hubli, S. Mahratta 25. Chr. Fritz (m) do. 1894 Kaity, Nilgiris 1 1* 4

I fa m e Native country Int. Serró Station

26. P . Sengle (m) Germany 1894 Tellicherry, Malabar 27. Tr. Reusch (m) do. 1895 Mangalore, S. Cañara 28. J. Knobloch (m) * do. 1895 Tellicherry, Malabar 29. G. Fischer (m) do. 1896 Karkal, S. Cañara 30. E. Lüthy (m) Switzerland 1896 Bijapur, S. Mahrafcta 31. H. Kühner (m) * Germany 1896 Calicut, Malabar 32. A. Schosser (m) do. 1896 Mangalore, S.Canara 33. M. Stuckert (m)* Switzerland 1898 Calicut, Malabar 34. W. Heckeimann (m)* Germany 1898 Feroke, do. 35. A. Beierbach (m)* do. 1899 Mangalore, S. Cañara 36. A. Scheuer (m) do. 1899 Calicut, Malabar 37. J. Maue (m) do. 1899 Tellicherry, do. 38. A. Spring (m) do. 1900 Bettigeri, S. Mahr. 39. Chr. Renz (m)* do. 1901 Calicut, Malabar 40. H. ZBFWfiCK, Dr. ph.&med.(m) do. 1901 Bettigeri, S. Mahrat. 41. J. Meyer, Dr. phii. (m) Switzerland 1901 Tellicherry, Malabar 42. M. Gekeler (m) Germany 1901 Udipi, S. Cañara 43. R . Bunz (m) do. 1901 Mangalore, S. Cañara 44. J. Ruopp (m) do. 1901 Yaniyankulam, Mai. 45. W. Müller (m) do. 1902 Calicut, Malabar 46. H. Simon (m)* do. 1902 Udipi, S. Cañara 47. J. Spieth (m) do. 1902 Guledgudd, S. Mahr. 48. Fr. Schweikhart (m) do. 1902 Anandapur, Coorg 49. E. Bommer (m) do. 1902 Mercara, do. 50. B. Hübner (m) do. 1903 Udipi, S. Cañara 51. Fr. Straub (m) do. 1903 Codacal, Malabar 52. K. Grossmann (m) do. 1903 Moolky, S. Cañara 53. A. Seiler (m) * do. 1904 Cannanore, Malabar 54. Fr. Keudel (m) * do. 1904 Mangalore, S. Cañara 55. H. Schmid * do. 1904 Calicut, Malabar 56. Fr. Schad (m) do. 1904 Kotagiri, Nilgiris 57. W. Wolpert (m) do. 1904 Cannanore, Malabar 58. G. Bräckle* do. 1904 Mangalore, S. Cañara N a m e Native Country Ent. Service Station

59- Fr. Schimming (m) * Germany 1905 Cannanore, Malabar 60. K. Tanner (m) Switzerland 1905 Dharwar, S. Mahratta 61. Fr. Bresch * Germany 1905 Mangalore, S. Canar* 62. G. Forrer (m)* Switzerland 1905 Mercara, Coorg 63. H. Becker (m) Germany 1906 Bijapur, S. Mahrat. 64. Th. Bitter (m) do. 1906 Udipi, S. Cañara 65. 0. Feil (m) do. 1906 Codacal, Malabar 66. K. Yolz (m) do. 1906 Kaity, Niigiris 67. G. Wessel (m) do. 1906 Chombala, Malabar 68. D. Mall (m)* do. 1906 Codacal, Malabar 69. W. Hauer do. 1907 Palghat, do. 70. A . Jucker Switzerland 1907 Yaniyankulam, Mai. 71. H. Weller Germany 1907 Karkal, S. Cañara 72. K. Schafer do. 1907 Cannanore, Malabar 73. E. Schätti Switzerland 1907 Calicut, do. 74. A . Blum Germany 1907 Bettigeri, 8.Mahratta 75. J. Lang * do. 1908 Calicut, Malabar 76. 0. Wiithrich * Switzerland 1908 Mangalore, S. Cañara 77. M. SCMter, Dr. med. (m) * do. 1908 Calicut, Malabar 78. P. Beck Germany 1909 Karkal, S. Cañara 79. A . Bernius do. 1909 Honavar, N. Canara 80. G. Liibke do. 1909 Tellicherry, Malabar 81. J. Kammerer* do. 1909 Mangalore,S. Canava

Single Ladies.

82. Miss H. Krauss Germany 1898 I Mangalore, S. Canara 83. „ A. Ehrensperger Switzerland 1900 j Calicut, Malabar

84. „ J. Metzger Germany 1902 j do. do. 85. „ E. Schneider do. 1903 | do. do. 86. „ Ch. Femmer do. 1904 I Dharwar, S. Mahratta 87. „ E. Lempp do. 1905 I Bettigeri, do 88. , E. Wuttke do. 1907 | Calicut, Malabar 6

!Name Native Country Ent. service Station

89.Miss M. Geiger Germany 1908 Calicut, Malabar 90. „ M. Bonorand Switzerland 1908 do. do.

A t H om e.

91. S. "Walter (m) Switzerland 1865 lateofVaniyan.,M al. 92. W. Sikemeier (m) Holland 1870 do. Mercara, Coorg 98. J. Baumann (m)* Switzerland 1874 do. Udipi, S. Can. 94. W. Liitze (m) Germany 1875 do. Kaity, Kilgiris 95. J. B. Yeil (m)* do. 1875 do. Mercara, Coorg 96. L. J. Frohnmeyer (m) do. 1876 do. Tellicherry, Ml. 97. Chr. Bblen (m) do. 1876 do. Puttur, S. Can. 98. H. Altenmüller (m)* do. 1877 do. Mangalore, do 99. C. D. Warth (m) do. 1878 do. Guledgudd, S . M . 100. W. C. Dilger (m) do. 1880 do. Tellicherry, M l. 101. M. Schaible (m) do. 1883 do. Mangalore, s.C . 102. B. Lüthi (m) Switzerland 1884 do. do. do. 103. K. Hole (m) Germany 1884 do. Cannanore,Ml. 104. F. Huber (m)* Switzerland 1886 do. Mangalore,S.c. 105. W. Bader (m) Germany 1888 do. Tellicherry,Mai. 106. R. Bosshardt (m) Switzerland 1888 do. Codacal, M ai. 107. Ph. Stier (ni) Germany 1891 do. Ootacamund 108. S. Stamm (m) * Switzerland 1891 do. Hubli, S. M ah r. 109. Fr. Boas (m)* Germany 1891 do. Codacal, M ai. 110. A. Metz (m) do. 1893 do. Guledgudd,S .M . 111. P. Borel (m) do. 1894 do. Kasaragod, S.C. 112. R. Schilling (m) Switzerland 1895 do. Chombala,Mai. 113. f . Stoïes, M. H., G. M. EU. (m)* India 1895 do. Calicut, do. 114. H. Eidenbenz (m)* Switzerland 1896 do. Cannanore,Mai. 115, J. Müller (m) Germany 1896 do. Udipi, S. Can. 116. G. Renschler (m) do. 1897 do. Palghat, Mala. 117. Chr. Dürr (m) do. 1897 do. Mangalore, S.C. 118. W. Spaieh (m) do. 1898 do. Udipi, S. Cañar i Name | Native country ¡Ent. Service Station

119. H. Stokes (m)* India 1898 late of Man gal., S. C. 120. Fr. Braun (m) Germany 1898 do. Bijapur, S. M. 121. I. Pfleiderer (m) do. 1899 do. Mangalore, s.c. 122. H. Haffner (m)* do. 1899 do. Cannanore,Mai. —L CO . CO o O 123. H. Hofmann (m)* do. 1 do. Calicut, Malabar 124. P. Simpfendörfer(m)* do. 1900 do. Mangalore, s. c. 125. W. Metzler (m) do. 1900 do. Hubli, S. Malir. 126. A. Grau do. 1901 do. Dharwar, S. M. 127. 0. Fröhling (m)* do. 1903 do. Calicut,Malabar 128. Miss Marg. Beck do. 1903 do. Mangalore, S. C. 129. „ E. Raaflaub Switzerland 1903 do. Calicut, Malabar 130. „ M. Staehelin do. 1903 do. Hubli, S. Malira. 131. „ G. Wessel Germany 1904 do. Tellicherry.Mal. 132. G. Hermelink do. 1907 do. Mangalore,S.C. Detailed Table of Stations, Out-stations, and Agents. 1st Jan-aary ISO©.

Stations Native Agents: — and Sur opean Agents Pastors, Catechists, and Christian Out-stations Head Masters of High Schools

1. Mangalore a) Pastoral a) Pastoral and Evangelistic Work Balmatlia, Ullal, Rev. G. Ritter, in charge of Rev. Obed Sumitra, Bockapatna station, Native Church, Chair­ Jeppu, Bockapatna, „ Joshua Soans, Madikeriguddr Bolma, Bantval, man o f the District Committee „ Timothy Furtado, Balmatha Amyambala, Rev. B. Liithi, Mission work Gnrpur. in the town, literary work „ Winfred Micha, Jeppu and schools Evang. Eliezer Karat, Rev. R . Bunz, itinerancy, out- Town Missiorr stations „ Nath. Kunder, itinerancy Rev. H. Risch, Satyadipike, „ Ebenezer Clare. Beltaugady Town Mission, Chairman of Cat. Isaiah Bangera, Bolma congr. the Mission „ H. Soens, itin., Beltangady b) Educational Rev. J. Hermelink, Theolog. „ Medad Jayanta, itin., Bantwal Seminary. late Chairman o f „ Gerson Settyan, v „ the Mission „ Devadatta Jattanna, itinerancy, Rev. G. Hermelink, H- School Mangalore- Miss H. Krauss, Girls’ School, Female Training School, b) Educational Work Bible-women Miss M. Beck, Brahmin Girls’ Cat. Chr. W atsal Theological School „ Ch. Maben I Seminary

c) Mercantile „ Ariel Sumitra, High Schoot Mr. H . Altenmiiller, General , Fr. Jathanna, , r Agent <&■» Treasurer „ Fr. Keudel, Book-Depot „ P. Shiri, Bantwal School: „ Fr.Bresch, M.M.-Branch „ O. Wiithrich, „ „ J. Sieber, Gen. Agent and Treasurer's successor. d) Industrial Mr. F . Stierlin, Weaving Est. v A. Glattfelder, Tile-Works, Jeppu „ H . Bretschneider, Tile- Works, Kudroli „ H . Stakes, Meek. Establ. „ . G. Br&ckle, „ „ A* Beierbach, IVess 9

Stations ! Native Agents: — and European Agents j Pastors, Catecliists and Christian Out-stations j Head Masters of High Schools

2 . M o o lk y . Rev. M. Breidenbach, congreg. Rev. Im. Furtado, itinerancy Kadike, and orphanage „ Gerson Soens, Moolky congr. Santur, Uchfla, Rev. K . Grossmann, itin. and » S. Jathanna. Padur B Padur, Kutyar, onl-staiions Cat- J. Bhagyan, Kutyar, itinerancy W mtderu. „ Chr. Saiis, Uchila, „ „ G. Bangera, Kadike congreg. „ Isr. Eliezer, Mutideru congrega­ tion and itinerancy v J. Rajiva, Santur congregation and itinerancy 3 . U d ip i. Rev. A . Brasche, High School, Rev. Gabr. Bangera, Udipi congr. Parkala, Malpe, Boys’ Orphanage and Teachers’ „ Sam. Furtado. Malpe „ Udyavara, fiudde, Seminary *, Mark Salis, Udipi, itin. Shirva, Ambadi, Rev. B. Hiibner, Udipi congreg. „ Nahason Vira, Gudde congr. Madambail, and out-siations B A . Furtado, Shirva , Kalvanapur, Churn. Rev. M. Gekeler, itinerancy and Evang. G. Premaya, Chara Barkur. ont-stations and itinerancy Rev. Th. Ritter, out-stations Cat. S. Bangera, Madambail congr. „ Jos. Kairanna, Ambadi „ Mr. H. Simon, Malpe Tile- * J. Vedamuttu, Udyavara „ Work s W . Heri, Kalyanapur „ G. Maben, Udipi, itinerancy , H. Suchitta, Chara, „ „ Raph. Satyavrata, Orphanage „ G. John, Udipi High School D. Amanna, Udipi T. Seminary Mr. V . Sheshachallam, n. a. i- t., Head Master, High School

4 . K a r k a l. Rev. G. Fischer, congregation Cat. P. Soens, Karkal congregation Beilur, Naiidolige, and itinerancy „ Samuel Sumitra, itinerancy Attur, Mudar, Rev. H. Weller, language „ A . Heri, Beilur congr. and itin. Mudshur, „ G. Fernandez, itinerancy Moudbidri, Kalambadi. „ L. Fernandez, Mudar congreg. and itinerancy

5. Honavar. Rev. Tr. Lutz, congregation, Ev. S. Bunyan, congr., itinerancy Anilgodu, Samshi, schools and itinerancy Cat. J. Bangera, itinerancy Pavinakitrve, „ D. Watsa, schools Kumta. „ J. Challa, Kumta r.ofigregation

6. BaBrur. Rev. J. Goetz, congregation Evang. W . JEernandez* Caondapoor and itinerancy congreg. and itinerancy Coondapoor. Cat. S. Karat, Basrur cong. and „ „ D. Santwan. Basrur, itiner. 10

Stations Native Agents: — and European Agents Pastors, Catechists and Christian Out-stations Head Masters of High Schools

7 . K a s a ra - Rev. H. BachJe, congregation Rev. Im. Soens, Kasaragod, itin. god. and out-stations „ Henry Roberts, Hosad. congr. Ravaneshvara, Evang. W . Kundara, Nileshvara, flosadurga, Bekal, itinerancy Manjeslivara, Cat. B. Ananda, Kumbla, „ Kumbla,Nileshvara, r J. Aarons, Kasaragod, _ Bewindsha, Pullnr. „ B. Salins, „ r „ J. Melothu, Ravaneshv., _ „ J. Sunita, Manjeshvara, „

8. P u ttu r. Rev. Chr. Eblen, congreg. and Cat- Lemuel Soens, Puttur congr. itinerancy and itinerancy „ H . Bangera, Puttur, itiner.

9. Mercara- Rev. E . Bommer, congregation, Cat. Jos. Pramodana, congr. & itin. Fraserpet, schools, and out-stations „ N . Shatananda, itinerancy Suntikoppa, Mr. G. Forrer, M. M.-Branch „ L. Salins, Fraserpet. „ Chembn. „ E. Aarons, * „

10. Ananda- Rev. J. Fischer, congr. & orph. Cat. A . KLarat, congr., itinerancy pu r. Rev. Fr. Schweikhart, schools „ S.'Sumanta, „ and itinerancy Asst. Cat. Manuel John, „

11. D h a rw ar. Rev. T. F . Reusch,ctf«§-regation, Rev. Ananda Ronada, congreg. Students’ Home, District Ev. Isr. Dalabhanjana, itinerancy Inspector o f Schools Cat. Ch. Halli, House-father o f the Rev. K . Tanner, High School Students’ Home Rev. A . Hiller, itinerancy Mr. Ananda Bhasker, Head Master, Miss Ch. Femnier, Bible- women High School * 12. H u b li. Rev. D. Berli, congreg., out- Rev. Shanta Budigi, Hubli congr. Uuakallu. station. Cat. D. Jesudasa, JJndk. „ Rev. K . Mayer, itinerancy „ D. XJttengi, itinerancy Rev. W . Metzler, „ „ Jos. Dalabhanjana, itinerancy Miss M . Stsehelin, Bible-women Asst.Cat. Ananda Gunjala, „

lS.Bettigeri. Rev. K.. Ernst. Chairman o f the Rev. J. Prabhakar, congregation S. M. Dist., Gen. Jnsp. o f Sch., Gadag, Shagoti, Cat. Jacob Davali, Shagoti congr. congregation and orphanage Malasamudra, „ M. Chittur, itinerancy Rev. Dr. N . Zerweck, M . M. Maktampur, „ B. Mathapati, „ Lakshmeskrar. Rev. A . Spring, itinerancy Rev. A . Blum, language Miss E . Lempp, Deac. M. M. 11

Stations Native Agents:— and European Agents Pastors, Catechists and Christian Out-stations H«nd Masters of High Schools

14. Ghzled- Rev. F. Eisfelder, orphanage, Rev. D. Katapur, Mushtigeri congr. gudd. Sumnddi congr., D/si. Secular Cat. D. Kanapur, Guledgudd, itin. Hatkinlialli, Agent „ N . Ramtbal, Guledgudd congr. Mushtigeri, Rev.J. Spieth, Guledgttddcongr., „ H . Adina, Sumaddi, itin. and Halkurki, itinerancy cong regation. Sumaddi. „ B. Alada, Katkinhalli

15. Bijapur. Rev. E. Liithy, congregation, Cat. S. Ramthal, Konnur congr. Honnur. itinerancy „ D. Hebbala, Bijapur, itiner. Rev. H . Becker, itinerancy Asst. Cat. M. Suvarua, „ „ „ „ D. Gaud a, Hippargi,itin.

16. C anna- Rev. Theodore Uber, congreg. Rev. N . Edapalen, Cannanore congr. nore. and schools „ A . Valiatingara, Chowa „ Cliova, Chirakkal, Rev. W . Wolpert, itiner. and Cat. C. Aruuachalam, Chirak., i/in. Taliparambu, schools I'avYiumr, Aarli. „ P. Mackadan, Taliparambu, Rev. K . Schafer, language j, St. Parakandy, Payyanur, „ Mr. A . Seiler, Weaving Establ. „ J. Valiatingara, Cannan., r „ F. Schimming, „ „ , C. Nelliatli, „ H . Haffner, Tailory „ I. Pavamani, „ r Miss E . Wuttke, Bible-women Asst. Cat. E. Nambi, „ , „ „ E. Bethel, Chowa „

17. T e lli- Rev. P. Sengle, Nettur congr., Rev. St. Kallatj Tellicherry congr. eh erry. Theolog. Seminary, Gen Secry. and High School Nettur, Anjarkandy, Rev. Dr. J. Meyer, Theological „ S. Ambat, Nettur congreg. Inttuparambu, Seminary, Training School, „ A . Tumaran, Evangelist Erinyoli. Erinyoli School, Keralopakari Cat. M. Simon, Housefather, Theol. Mr. J. Knobloch, Christ. High Seminary School, Inspector o f Mission „ J. Jacobi, * Chr. High Schools School Rev. J.Maue, Tellicherrycongr., r E. Thayil, Keralop., Train. Sch. Par si High School „ W . Mandodi, Nettur, itinerancy Miss G. Wessel, Bible-women „ D. Edakadan, Anjark., r and schools Asst. Cat. N . Kalarikal, Nettur, „ Mr. R . Kalianaramyar, b. a. iv.t., Head Master, T/lli. High School 12

Stations Native Agents and European Agents Pastors, Catechists and Christian Oút-stations Head Masters of High Schools

18. Chomba- Rev. I. Weismann. congregation, Rev. A. Edapalan, Chomba. congreg. la. orphanage, Chairman o f the Cat. A . Kalian, Muvera/tu, i/in. Malabar District Malié, „ S. Chattoth, „ „ Handappenkundu, Rev. G. Wessel, Hin. and out- „ A . Hermon, Chombala, ,, Badagara, stations Muverattu, Asst. Cat. S. Thottattil, Kanda., „ Perambra, „ „ J. Valiavalappen, Bada., „ Nadapuram. Cat. S. Mackaden, Mahz congreg.

19. Calieut. Rev. J. Jaus, Calicut congr. and Rev. St. Chandran, Calicut congr. out-stations Pudiarakkal, „ P. Selvam, Pudiara. „ „ W . Müller, High School Coilandv, * T. Parakandy, Feroke congr. „ E. Schätti, language. Secy. Markat-Feroke, * Ch. Hermon, Evang., Calicut Annaskeri, Malabar Y. M. C■ A’s Cat. Isr. Chovalur, Calicut congr. Chalapuram. Dr. W - Stokes, Medical Mission „ M. Schnciter, „ „ „ J. Kulangaroth, High School Mr. F . Volz, Weaving Es/. „ J. Perian, Calicut, itinerancy n W . Heckelmann, Feroke n B. Poyya3'il, Chalapurani, i/in. Tile- Works „ I. Laban, Coilandy, congrega­ „ H. Kühner, M . M .-Branch, tion and i/in. District Secular Agent „ A . Kattuparambu, Medical „ M. Stuckert, Pudi. Tile- Works Mission „ H . Schmid, M. M.-Branch „ L . Pavamany, Annasheri „ J. Lang, language congregation „ Chr. Renz, Tai lory and Asst. Cat. A . Pavamany, Coil. , it in. Sunday Schools Miss A . Ehrensperger, B.-w. Mr. J. Kuryan, b. a., Head Master, „ J. Metzger, Girls' II. School High School „ E . Schneider, Tailory „ M. Geiger, Med. Mission „ M. Bonorand, language

20-M an jeci. Rev. J. G. Kuhnle, congreg, Cat. J. Hutton, congregation and building the Missionsla/ion itinerancy Malapuraoi

21. C odacal. Rev. Fr. Straub, congregation Rev. G. Peter, Codacal congregation orphanage and out-station Paraperi, Punani, „ I.Amattil, Parap. congr., orph. Pallat, Rev. O. Feil, i/in. and ou/- Cat. E . Muthodan, Ponani, itiner. sta/ions Chittattakara, „ A . Padiath, Pallat, itinerancy Chalasheri, Tritala, Mr. D. Mall, Tile-Works „ G. Peter, Codacal, „ Mullaslieri. „ Th. Valiyavalappen, C h a la sh eri ccmgr., i/in. „ Satyavrathan, Mullash., „ Asst. Cat. W . Martin, Trit., „ „ „ A . Nambi, Chittatt., „ 18

Stations Native Agents:— and European Agents Pastors, Cat«ohists and Christian Out-stations Head Masters of High Schools

2 2 . V a n i- Rev. J. Ruopp, congregation, Evang. L. Napalli, Ottapal., itin. ya n k u la m . out-stations, schools, itin. Cat. A . Arangaden, Hospital Angadipurant, Rev. A . Jucker, language „ L. Kallat, Van'iyankulam Trikateri, congregation, itin. Otlapalam, „ L. Purattur, Vaniyank., „ Shoranur. „ Z . Pillakaden, „ r „ N. Benjamin, Angadipuram, , Asst. Cat. D. Puyeri, * *

23. Falghat. Rev. G. Peter, congregation and Rev. H . Menzel, Melparatn. congr. Mclparambu, out-stations Cat. D. Hutton, Falghat „ Wadackaucberi, Rev. W - Hauer, High School „ D. Amengara, Einayur, itin. r»na)ur,Maukara. Mr. G. Benner, Tile-Works, „ St. Kalangarat, Me.ipar., „ Olavakkot „ S. Narakaden, Hilghat, „

2 4 . K a ity . Rev. Chr. Fritz, congregation, Cat. Abr. Madia, Kaity congreg. Kerehada, Counoor, schools, orphanage * Im. Jivottama, orphanage Nerkambe, Huiikal, Rev. K. Volz, out-stations, „ M. Kari, Kaity, itinerancy itinerancy Salemuni, Woderu, v K . Satyanadhan, Coonoor, Kokalliada, Manjur. Cooly-Mission „ Isaac Bella, Hulikal, „ Asst. Cat. Is. Konga, Kaity, itin. „ „ Is. Nerkambe, Nerkambe, itinerancy

25.Kotagiri. Rev. Fr. Scliad, congregationt Rev. J. Kanaka, congr., schools Jakanare, Milidenu, orphanage, and itinerancy Cat. Sal. Soens, ttiner., Kotagiri Konakore, Kukal, „ M. Kaleb, „ Kilkotagir llenad, Tandanad, Asst. Cat. M. Bella, „ „ Kodaiiad.

2 0 . Kalhatti. Rev. G. Wieland, congr. and Cat. J. Philipp, Nellakotta, itiner. Sholur, Tuneri, out-stations, building the Mis­ „ P. Mada, T,uneri congr., itin. sion station Xcllakotla. Asst. Cat. H . Isaac, Nellakotta, „ Tabular View of Stations, Agents and Churches of the B. G-. E. Mission. 1 9 0 9. 1st JANUARY

Native Church

A .gents of the Mission

Ch European Native Agents unges durin]% the year under report Slate of ilie Mission­ Churches «11 aries Decrease Increase Total or 31st licer. 19(18

! New

c 0 j Converts STATIONS

8 *

station n = Ê £ S Total Total number of

a> and Oatecfoists a Church-members on

31st 31st December 1907 'O Assist. Assist. Catechists Non-Christian other other places Sehool-masters £ within within the area of each Children Births Departures Re-admissions Net Net decrease Deaths < Arrivals from Net increase 1 Communicants Total Total number of Colporteurs Approximate Approximate population Out-Station Bible-women School-mistrcsses Clir. W Established Established in the year Brethren Catechumens Church-members

S' Chr. Sehool-masters

c, and Evangelists Pastors 1 1. Canara. i. Mangalore • 1834 330000 9 17 14 7 11 l 4 23 13 24 3254 73 7 288 17 12 130 4 183 0 22 1984 3232 21 2. M oolky . 1845 120000 6 2 3 5 0 2 12 7 9 1037 18 1 47 6 10 45 5 69 6!) 500 1106. 1!) 3. Udipi 1854 126000 9 5 4 6 9 0 2 26 1 10 2084 39 4 202 6 4 62 1 169 0 3 1170 208 1 36 4. Karkal . 1872 90000 6 2 1 0 5 0 0 8 4 7 391 16 3 38 46 9 12 0 53 63 230 454 19 5. Honavar 1845 454000 4 1 1 1 3 1 2 0 0 5 82 0 0 11 0 2 6 0 26 23 40 10 5 0 6. Basrur . 1876 160000 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 4 2 3 126 2 0 19 0 0 6 0 22 7 74 133 0 7. Kasaragod . 1886 230000 8 1 1 3 5 1 0 13 4 21 249 2 0 52 0 0 14 0 32 0 8 125 241 6 8. Puttur . 1900 190000 0 1 1 0 9 0 0 1 0 2 64 0 0 10 1 4 4 0 7 6 34 70 0 1700000 43 30 25 21 42 4 10 92 31 81 7287 150 15 667 76 41 279 10 1 561 135 4217 7 4 2 2 101 II. Coorg. 9. Mercara 1870 85000 3 2 2 0 4 0 0 3 1 8 146 3 1 29 4 0 5 0 23 0 1 87 145 4 236 32 ; 1 22 1 5 5 1 16 0 27 Io. Anandapur . 1856 88000 0 2 2 0 3 1 0 3 0 0 117 1 20!) 12 382 35 ~2 1 51 5 5 10 1 39 0 28 204 j 173000 3 4 4 0 7 1 0 6 1 3 1 3 5 4 16 III. S.-Mahratla. 11. Dharwar 1837 126000 0 3 3 2 1 0 2 7 0 10 220 3 1 1 33 1 0 11 3 22 0 146 ' 220 1 4 12. Hubli 1839 530000 3 3 4 1 4 0 8 2 3 626 16 0 ! 82 3 2 30 2 60 0 1 355 0 25 0 13. Bettigeri 1841 250000 3 4 4 1 3 p 2 15 0 2 707 13 1 26 0 1 35 1 63 60 j 391 767 1 14. Guledgudd . 1851 300000 4 2 2 1 4 0 2 13 6 2 646 19 1 92 0 1 27 1 63 01 20 294 620 1 15. Bijapur 1885 420000 2 2 2 0 4 0 2 7 3 4 75 3 3 25 0 0 1 0 32 21 50 77 0

1626000 12 14 15 5 16 0 12 50 11 21 2274 54 6 258 4 4 104 7 240 41 1236 ! 2 3 1 5 3 IV. Malabar. 16. Cannanore . 1841 320000 5 6 5 2 8 4 4 9 4 5 1461 38 2 75 ' 18 13 55 17 38 26 902 1487 47 17. Tellicherry . 1839 210000 3 4 5 3 6 1 4 18 8 25 641 21 0 73 18 5 16 9 59 13 376 «54 4 18. Chorabala . 1849 300000 7 2 2 1 7 2 2 10 7 16 554 5 2 45 18 10 12 0 36 24 267 578 22 19. Calicut 1842 320000 4 12 13 4 8 3 5 27 20 30 2173 101 4 172 56 21 84j 0 155 39 1351 2212 29 20. Manjeri . 1908 360000 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 34 20 34 1 21. Codacal 1857 450000 7 3 3 2 7 3 2 22 4 3 1385 48 4 76 8 3 44 1 45 0 27 66 8 1358 23 22. Vaniyankulam . 1886 445000 4 2 1 1 6 2 2 10 1 13 236 2 0 12 25 9 16 0 30 66 163 302 4 23. Palghat. 1858 372000 6 2 I 1 4 3 2 9 2 17 470 32 2 95 23 17 10 1 49 0 29 271 441 13

2777000 37 32 30 14 47 18 21 105 46 109 6920 247 14 548 166 78 237 28 446 146 4018 7 0 6 6 143 V. Nilgiris. 24. Kaity . 1846 40000 8 2 2 0 7 0 2 22 1 0 529 18 2 64 0 1 23 0 54 0 6 287 523 20 25. Kotagiri 1867 16000 7 1 1 1 3 0 2 9 2 0 313 9 1 41 2 7 7 2 46 13 17 5 326 1 26. K alhatti 1907 30000 4 1 1 0 3 0 0 6 0 0 62 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 12 13 44 75 0

86000 19 4 4 1 13 0 4 37 3 0 904 29 3 105 2 8 33 2 112 20 j 506 0 2 4 21

Grand Total 6362000 114 84 78 41 125 23 47 290 92 214 1 7 7 8 7 515 40 1629 353 130 663 48 1398 314 10181 1 8 0 8 1 284 Total of 1st January 190S- 6325280j1151 85 j 78 1 35 124 24 |47 303 110 220 17308 |356 4 2 ] 1709 |l96|:115j 682¡ 29 1544 ¡459] 9964 17767 j 439 Table of Schools of the Basel German Evangelical Mission

in JANUARY 1 9 0 9. I

.s in Pupils in Total of Pupil« under instruction dì a? larding Schon Day Schools Christians Non-Chrisliuns 1

5® M- <£ V bo -----

- CÖ ¡*> S STATIONS a «3 >2 ■' — JS 'Total O ’ ’ Training 1 & Classes 8 CO "on Schools Schools Schools _ •§ Schools O Number Number of Schools Girls’ Training Boys Theological Boy Girla Boys Girls’ Orphanages 03 Girla ------Primary Primary Classes Secondary School In In Sunday Schools In In Infant Schools

I. Mangalore ...... 20 20 7 9 0 0 0 1036 378 285 247 71(1 202 14 50 60 35)5 . M o o l k y ...... 8 0 0 0 0 0 76 2 493 30 77 124 351 47 599 0 0 12 0 7 0 42 123 0 3- U d i p i ...... 518 194 320 105 440 19 884 0 0 4. K a r k a l ...... 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 383 0 34 21 240 88 383 0 3 7 5. H o n a v a r ...... 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 196 40 9 11 198 18 236 0 12 ó. Basrur-Coondapoor 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 207 0 16 11 135 45 207 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 7. Kasaragod ...... 835 55 1 7 26 700 147 890 0 IS 8. P u t t u r ...... 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 109 0 10 2 75 22 105) 0 0 QO Canara 69 20 14 9 42 123 5© 76 37,77 697 547 2855 5S8 4 75 8 60 462

9. M e r c a r a ...... 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 135 0 16 10 72 37 13 5 0 50 io. Anandapur (Ammattì) . 1 0 0 0 0 18 16 18 0 26 25 1 0 52 0 0 Coorg 4 0 0 0 0 18 16 153 0 42 35 73 37 187 0 5(1

11. D h a r w a r ...... 5 0 2 3 50 0 0 110 105 61 20 180 9 270 0 30 12. H u b l i ...... 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 462 0 36 41 366 19 462 45 95 13. Bettigeri-Gadag .... 5 0 0 0 62 0 0 378 0 108 39 286 7 440 0 150 14. Guledgudd ...... 8 0 0 0 0 0 84 383 0 39 110 253 65 467 0 0 15. B ija p u r ...... 7 0 0 0 0 0 « 347 0 5 0 281 61 347 0 0 South-Maliratla 32 0 2 3 50 62 84 1680 105 249 210 1366 161 1986 45 275

16. C a n n a n o re...... 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 373 21 118 99 141 36 394 78 370 17. Tellicherry ...... IO 13 13 0 64 0 0 498 537 164 59 801 101 1125 0 210 1 8. Cliombala (Mahé) .... 7 0 0 0 0 0 106 658 108 44 144 641 43 872 0 182 19. C a lic u t ...... 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 1241 512 234 235 1095 189 ' 1753 83 798 .20. M a n je r i...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21. C o d a ca l...... 7 0 0 0 106 0 0 586 0 254 132 278 28 692 44 314 22. V a n iy a n k u la m ...... 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 245 94 19 18 246 56 339 0 46 33. P a lg h a t...... 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 376 173 55 47 397 50 549 0 134 Malabar 52 13 13 0 64 106 106 3977 1445 888 734 3599 503 5724 205 2054

3 4 . K a i t y ...... 15 0 0 0 0 41 0 462 0 63 21 417 2 503 0 61 35. K .otagiri ...... 7 0 0 0 0 0 32 260 0 37 52 203 0 292 0 75 26. K a l h a t t i ...... 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 145 0 3 5 135 2 145 0 0 Nilgiris 27 0 0 0 0 41 32 867 0 103 78 755 4 940 0 136

184 33 29 12 156 G-rand T otal... 350 314 10454 2247 2050 1604 8648 1293 18595 310 2977 Abstract showing the Contributions of the Churches towards their Expenses, the Mission, and the Poor i n 1 Í) 0 8.

Collections Sunday Collections Special Regular and Special Collections and Collections Special Church- Donations Contributions Collections towards Donations for the Collections Stations Contribu- towards the l'or for Bible Church- towards the Malabar for local Total tions Mission- Orphanages Societies Expenses Poor-funds Widow- purposes work fund Es. As. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. As. I. Cañara. Rs. P. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. Rs. j As. i P. Rs. An P. Mangalore...... 1282 6 7 587 3 2 412 11 10 460 11 9 28 4 4 _ _ 28 1 8 190 9 M o o lk y ...... 228 7 9 126 14 0 95 O 2 83 10 ; 14 2990 0 1 7 79 10 0 — __ 18 13 3 113 j 7 1 745 14 10 Udipi-Malpe . . . 501 8 6 234 2 9 141 1 1 214 15 3 12 0 0 _ __ — ; — — 22 0 110 9 0 58 13 9 68 1125 11 7 K a r k a l...... 15 11 65 0 0 3 0 0 _ __ 3 0 1! 0 0 —— 309 6 8 Honavar-Karwar . . 39 6 0 18 9 10 5 0 0 11 6 0 2 0 0 — _ — — - 3 8 0 7 Í) 13 10 Basrur-Coondapur . 57 10 8 29 0 0 24 13 0 18 8 0 4 0 0 __ _j 10 0 0 47 0 0 19 1 2 Kasaragod .... 103 0 10 69 14 6 45 7 20 C 8 8 0 18 0 0 — __ 13 8 0 43 13 7 314 J 4 7 P u ttu r ...... 25 6 0 7 9 11 6 11 0 13 1 10 1 7 6 —- o 2 9 4 13 0 01 4 O 2348 7 4 1132 3 11 799 131 2 887 13 5 148 5 10 - 1 — 75 ; 9 8 431 14 5| 5 824 i 3i 9 II. Coorg. Mercara...... 80 0 0 66 15 6 73 1 9 21 12 9 7 1 5 J 0 4 203 10 Anandapur .... 56 4 0 55 2 11 30 O 0 21 3 11 4 O 0 — 12 i 24 2 0 ¡5 1 136 4 0 122 2 5 109 1 9 43 0 1 11 1 5 — j — 15 12 0 2!) 1 3 4 0 0 III. S.-Mahratta. 11 ¡ D h a r w a r ...... 82 8 11 73 9 11 5 10 4 20 4 9 15 C1 4 - 39 10» 6 H u b l i ...... 165 9 6 100 12 5 15 3 78 1 2-30 j 12: 9 68 9 5 01 Ci — 13 0i 0 57 0i (J Bettigeri-Gadag . . 90 6 1 163 7 7 11 11 0 65 10 5 i _ 1 488 1 14 s 3 01 0 15 7 0 Guledgudd .... 90 12 0 67 14 11 27 13 5 48 6 1 — — 3 19 30i 1 87 11 6 — 10 5 0 Bijapur...... 37 9 11 29 12 0 58 14 9 21 4 7 332 14 11 — 18 6 ~ ~ — — 0 — — — 165 15 3 466 14 5 435 8 10 173 o 9 234 2 11 110 11 10 - -- 96 12 6 57 IV. Malabar. 1 01 0 1574 3 3 Cannanore .... 731 8 0 182 10 0 162 2 4 119 4 0 1 15 0 1 5 0 0 46 Tellicherry-Nettur . 351 11 1 95 12 4 173 80 11 1 ! 0 0 9 241 6 11 1513 0 0 3 5 13 i 5 13 3 9 9 Chombala-Mahé . . 224 0 0 78 0 3 134 2 4 200 8 8 6 6 — _ _ 737 1 7 10 0 0 18 0 0 C alicu t...... 1176 0 0 245 0 0 93 8 0 535 0 0 24 6 3 233 11 9 923 2 3 20 0 0 35 0 0 15 Codacal...... 647 8 0 103 8 11 70 12 2 117 12 0 0 0 285 0 0 2404 8 0 10 0 0 9 0 0 4 Vaniyankulam . . 144 8 10 49 9 0 51 4 2 106 5 0 0 0 — ___ _ 962 9 1 2 0 0 8 14 9 13 Palghat...... 235 0 0 58 12 0 70 13 2 82 7 4 8 0 32 4 7 408 6 4 7 0 0 12 0 0 14 7 1 286 12 2 707 3 9 3510 3 11 813 9 6 755 13 7 1242 0 1 77 2 1 5 111' 6 126 12 ¡ 7 1079 3 V. Nilgiris. 5 7715 15 0 K a i t v ...... 199 15 0 68 8 1 53 13 8 64 7 9 22 0 0 _ _ _ 31 K o t a g i r i ...... 133 7 1 35 2 4 97 O 9 57 11 8 9 0 227 15 o 668 4 8 24 12 1 — — 8 K a l h a t t i...... 31 01 0 20 1 1 24 4 0 15 1 6 — 14 0 273 i 6 630 1 5 6 4 10 — — — 4 8 0 — — — 101 3 5 364 6 1 123 11 6 175 2 5 137 4 11 53 0 11 - -- 44 1 5 0 501 0 8 1399 9 6 Grand Total... 6826 3 9 2627 4 2 2012 15 8 2544 5 5 400 5 5 I ll 2 6 359 13 9 2098 3 9 16980 C 5 In 1907 6657 4 11 2012 11 8 2109 7 0 2468 14 2 356 14 9 78 2 7I 8 407 3 1983 10 9 16670 j 9 1

3 * Mercantile and Industrial Establishments of the Basel Mission..

E m p lo y e e s

Members ^Esta.'blisli.aan.ean.ts Sta/tioxis of the Out­ Basel siders Total Mission

Mercantile Mission-Branch Mangalore, s. c a n . 14 14

51 5*» >1 Calicut, MALABAR ——

r :? r Mercara, c o o r g 5 1 6 Mechanical Establishment Mangalore, s. c a n . 68 6 74 WeaYing Est. w it! Tailoring Department Calicut, MALABAR 528 25 553 „ Branch Codacal, 75 75 „ „ with Tailoring Department Cannanore, 616 4 620 „ „ Branch Chombala, „ 116 116 n n « Tellicherry, ,. 85 85 Weaving Establishment Mangalore, s. c a n . 185 8 193 „ „ Branch Moolky, „ 18 18 Tile-Works .... Mang.-Jeppu, „ ,265 70 335 » .... Kudroli, „ 287 145 382 n .... Malpe, „ 80 9 89 „ .... Calicut, MALABAR 175 175 „ .... Ferok, ,, 64 130 194 „ .... Codacal, „ 200 18 218 r> ..... Palghat, „ 143 117 260

TOTAL 2874 533 3407 OBITUARY

Mrs. Marie Daimelhuber, wife of the Rev. D . D a im e l h u b e r at Reut- lingen, Germany, died in the Lord on the 18th February 1908, at the age of 62 years. She worked with her husband on the Indian Mission field from 1873 to 1888, their stay being interrupted by one furlough to Europe, which had become necessary owing to Mrs. Daimelhuber's ill-health. The first part of her Indian sojourn she spent on the Mission stations of Karkala, Udipi, and Moolky, in the Tulu district, throwing heart and soul into Mission work. From 1880 to 1882 her husband was stationed at Mercara, Coorg, where she zealously co-operated in a school for Hindu girls, and when he was transferred to Hubli, she supported his efforts in Gospel work in that district for five years. There, however, she had much to suffer from Malaria, which gradually so re­ duced her in strength that she had, in 1888, to return to Europe, accompanied by her husband and three children. As Mr. Daimelhuber was then appointed for deputation-work on behalf of the Mission, ample scope remained for Mrs. Daimelhuber to serve the missionary cause for twenty years more in her home­ land. This she did with true faith and devotion, and with much self-sacrifice, as long as her strength lasted.

On the 21st July 1908, at Durlach, Germany, M rs. Cmilie K nobloch, w if e o f the Rev. J. K n o b l o c h , entered «into the j o y o f her Lord». Born in 1845 in Switzerland, she arrived in India in the year 1867 and, in union with her husband, was given a working period in this country of 33 years. During their first stay they laboured in succession on the Mission stations of Chombala, Palghat and Calicut, until Mrs. Knobloch’s strength gave way, and she was in 1877 compelled to go on furlough to Europe. Her husband followed later, with the youngest child. Though but insufficiently recruited in health, she returned with her husband to India in 1878, relying on the promise: «1 am the Lord, thy Physician». Besides the claims of a growing family, her work in a girls’ institution as well as in a large congregation, superintended by her husband, caused numerous cares. But her many and onerous responsibilities could in no way impair her large-hearted sympathy to all, on the contrary, they made it more beautifully manifest. In order to accomplish the whole of her arduous task, it needed, however, her natural clearness of judgment and in­ born aptitude to tackle difficult circumstances. From 1882 she was afflicted, in consequence of sun-stroke, by chronic head­ ache, which in 1890 compelled her to leave India for good. Fresh trials, how­ ever, awaited her. Mr. Knobloch’s services being once more urgently required on the Mission field, a separation became necessary. A hard time ensued, but so far from murmuring and complaining she wrote none except cheering letters to her far-away-husband. W e may here mention that she was also separated from her eldest son, who had come out with his father to the Mission field. Mr. Knobloch returned to Germany after two years, and they were permitted to spend ten more years together. This last period of her life included further afflictions. In addition to the complaint she had contracted in India, she had to sustain several heavy shocks, both mental and physical. After Pentecost of last year, heart disease, accompanied by dropsy, rapidly developed. Respiration 22 became very difficult and she had no comfort night or day. Her spiritual as­ surance, however, could not be thus disturbed. She used to dwell on her im­ pending progress from time to Eternity as on an everyday occurrence. Without agony she fell asleep on the 21st of July at 7 p. m. The feelings of those who knew her well, will find some expression in the following words of the bereaved husband: «What the deceased has been to me, to my children, to the women and girls of the Mission station at Calicut, and to all those friends in India and Europe who knew her more intimately, is not a topic publicly to be discussed. She was more to us than a friend, more than a mother, and her memory will ever be held with feelings of tenderest gratitude.» Just five months after Mrs. Knobloch’s demise, her elder sister, M rs. M ary Hanhart, went to her eternal rest on the 21st of December 1908 Born in 1837 in the Caucasus, she, on the return of her father, the Rev. J. J. L a n g , to Switzerland spent a happy childhood in that country. In 1862 she followed a call to the Mission field and became the wife of the Rev. J. H a n h a r t . In fellowship with her husband, who was one of the most fervent itinerary workers the Basel Mission ever had, she untiringly carried on, in her quiet, motherly, unpretentious manner, a work of incalculable blessing among the women and girls of thePalghat and Cannanore Mission stations. «Everybody», says the Rev. L. J. F r o h n m e y e r in his obituary remarks on Mrs. Hanhart, «considered it a privilege to obtain the thoughtful, trust-inspiring, practical counsel of the mother of the station, who at all times, was wonderfully self­ controlled, and had for everybody a kind look as well as a word of sympathy. » Mrs. Hanhart had her ample share of tribulation and anguish, whilst in India, but still more after her and her husband’s return to Europe, which took place in 1884. Mr. Hanhart who had been engaged in propagation of the missionary cause in Alsace from the time of his return, left his home on one fateful Sunday morning in order tô conduct Divine Service in a neighbouring village. On the way thither he was struck by apoplexy, which immediately put an end to his earthly life. Terrible as this blow must have been to Mrs. Hanhart, another ordeal awaited her which was not less painful, which, how­ ever, we will not here relate. Her seventieth year, the last of her life, was one of bodily suffering, but she remained composed. Her inward peace and assurance of salvation never for a moment left her. Hers was a life in the fellowship with God. She kept, almost to the last, a clear consciousness and even made an attempt at singing a Christian hymn shortly before death. By the gracious rule of God it was granted to her, during the last year of her life, to enjoy the frequent company of her daughter, Mrs. M. S t u c k e r t , who with her husband and children had gone home on furlough from India. On the 31st December 1908 a worker who spent thirty years of devoted service on our Indian Mission field, passed to his eternal rest, viz: G. Hirner, Esq., late superintendent of our Printing Office at Mangalore. Born in 1846 at Bôblingen, Germany, he, having sacrificed his position at Stuttgart, came to India in 1871 to take chargé of the Mission Press at Manga­ lore. He devoted himself wholly to his new task, and he succeeded, by intro- 23 during modern improvements and insisting on thorough work, in bringing the Mangalore Press to a high state of efficiency. It has since enjoyed increasing popularity and even Government has frequently favoured it with large orders. During his superintendency several voluminous works, such as Dr. Gundert’s Malayalam Dictionary and Dr. Kittel’s Canarese Dictionary, went through the press. The Bible was printed in the Canarese, Malayalam, and Tulu vernaculars. In all this work his object was to combine clearness of type with handiness in volume. This aim was increasingly attained, and the bulkiness which handi­ capped the perusal of the former prints, has since been gradually obviated. The following figures will give some idea of the advance in business of the Press during Mr. Hirner’s time. In 1872, the first year of his activity in India, 23 literary compositions with a total output of 48700, in 1876 forty-five compo­ sitions with 125090 copies in all, and in 1900, his last year, 55 compositions totalling 215525 copies were printed. This literature has been printed and circulated in the following languages: Canarese, Malayalam, Tulu, Badaga, Konkani, Tamil, Sanskrit, English, and German. While Mr. Himer was thus employed, his wife, who possessed like him a true missionary spirit, paid attention to the welfare of her husband’s employees. They both had the joy of seeing their eldest daughter join them in the Mission field, as the wife of the Rev. J. B/CC h l e . When at length Mr. Hirner felt his strength decline, it afforded him great relief to hand over his responsibilities to a successor, in whose hands the further prosperity of the Mission Press was well assured. The last seven years of his life he spent at Marbach (the birth-place of the famous poet Schiller), in Germany. Here, too, he continued to work for the cause of God’s Kingdom as far as his diminished strength permitted him. To­ wards the end of last year he felt that his life was drawing to a close. After once more celebrating a happy Christmas in the midst of his family, he was on the following day overtaken by a sudden illness. He suffered from severe pains in the chest which made breathing difficult. Weakness of the heart set in, and other serious symptoms developed. Gradually the awful certainty came to his family that their beloved husband and father was about to leave them. They will never forget the testimonies of a joyful faith and the words of com­ fort, which in those hours of grief they were privileged to hear from him. During the closing hours of the departing year, he was taken into his eternal home, his earthly life having lasted 62 years. On the first February of the present year, a worker, who has secured a grateful and loving memory in the hearts of many, and whose venerable per­ sonality still lives vividly before our mental eye, passed from our midst, viz: the Rev. J. H ermelink of Mangalore, late Chairman of the Basel Mission in India. His humility, thoroughness, sincerity, and steady adherence to what he recognized to be right, are still fresh in our memory. These seem to enjoin on us the sublime yet simple sentiment of the well-known stanza: «Whatever thy hand may find to do For God and for the right: To conscience be thou ever true — And do it with thy might!» 24

Born in 1848 in Northern Germany, Rev. J. Hermelink entered on his missionary career in 1872. After devoting himself to the study of Tulu and Canarese for two years at Mangalore, he was stationed at Karkala, where he engaged in itinerary work under the guidance of an experienced fellow-worker. He was married in 1876 to Miss W e ig l e , daughter of Rev. H. G. W e ig l e , who was one of the most prominent and gifted missionaries of the past. Soon after, he was with his young wife transferred to Moolky, where they spent four years together. It was then that he began to suffer from a bodily complaint which more and more became chronic, and from which he subsequently never was quite free. In 1881, he became the successor of Rev. A. B ü h r e r at Kotagiri, on the Nilgiris. In order to effectually carry on evangelistic work among the hill-tribe of the Badagas, he had to acquire their dialect, while Mrs. Hermelink was charged with the supervision of the Girls’ Orphanage, a task no less congenial to her than beneficial to the children. After a furlough in 1885/6, spent at Esslingen in Southern Germany, they laboured first at Kasara- god. From 1891 to 1897, Mr. Hermelink took part in the important work of training catechists at the Theological Seminary at Mangalore, the Seminary being then under the superintendence of the Rev. M. H o c h . In 1897, Mr. and Mrs. Hermelink took their last voyage together to Europe, and this time made their home in the university-town of Tübingen. Here they had the great joy of seeing, for once, all their children collected around them. All too soon the time for returning to India came round, and they had to make up their minds to say «good-bye» to all their dear ones. In Mr. Hermelink’s case it was to be a farewell for ever from most of his children. Since 1900, Mr. Hermelink has been uninterruptedly in charge of the Theo­ logical Seminary. The death of two promising sons, one 17 and the other 20, within 15 months, deeply wounded the parents at the beginning of this period. W e omit the painful history of his last illness, which commenced in Decem­ ber and gradually assumed an alarming character. Nevertheless, we hoped, up to the end of January, that the voyage to Europe might be risked. On the 30th of January he reached Bombay, accompanied by his family and Sister L e m p p of Bettigeri, but the journey had so reduced his strength that all thoughts of embarkation for Europe had to be abandoned. On the evening of the 1st of February the Lord called him home. His bereaved widow with her son, the Rev. G. Hermelink, who had been working as a missionary for some years in the same station with his father, embarked ¿ fortnight later for Europe. Our dear Mr. Hermelink, who on his way to his earthly home was called to enter his heavenly home, has departed hence with full peace and assurance of salvation. «He looked for a city which hath foundations, whose builder and maker is God». By the uprightness of his character and by his sympathetic dealings with everybody, he has left in this country a memory which will long continue to live among his European and Indian fellow-workers as well as among the Indian Christians in general, and more especially among his numerous disciples. INTRODUCTION

The Basel Mission in India is working in the districts of North and South Canara, Coorg, Malabar, Nilgiris and South Mahratta. The conditions for work on this The Field- extended field are varied. For instance, if we regard the geographical circumstances, they are not without bearing upon evangelistic methods. While in the inland districts the people, as a rule, live together in compact villages, the coast plains present a very different aspect: a fertile garden, as it were, spreads over the whole country, the home­ steads of the inhabitants emerging everywhere from under dense groups of cocoanut palms. It is clear that in such a country the ways of reaching the population with the message of life, will differ from the mode of working in a district, where the villagers can, without difficulty, be collected into a large audience at comparatively short notice, a course, which is often followed in South Mahratta. The number of Mission stations is 26, including our new station at Kalhaiti, on the Nilgiris, which is being built just now. We have in last year’s report briefly A new stated the reasons, why the foundation of a Station. new station on the Nilgiris became necessary. A few remarks on its situation and scope for work may find their place here. It is located 6540 feet above mean sea-level. It commands a magnificent view of the Mysore country below. From the platform of the new station the eye of the beholder sweeps over a vast area, wonderful and un­ known, which some 4000 feet beneath his feet stretches up to the dim line of the far-off horizon. Though brilliantly flooded with sunshine, patches of dark shade are here and there visible, indicating larger or smaller hills, green groups of trees, etc., and marking out the whole country like a relief map. But what concerns us most, it is a country with a vast population, and, sad to relate, the greater portion of this community have 26 never even heard the Gospel. What an attractive field for exploration! What an inviting opportunity for missionary enterprise does this wide region afford! The circuit assigned to this station includes about 100 Badaga villages and hamlets upon the Nilgiris. Moreover, the neighbouring estates are to be visited for the sake of the coolies labouring on them. An obvious and important advantage gained by the new station, is that from here our Mission field in the Wynaad can be reached with greater expedition and with far less expenditure than it was possible hitherto. Our connections with the Wynaad existed for a long time; through the new station they can be better developed in the future, and the footholds acquired already, can be turned to more effectual use. A cheering’ experience, related by Mr. W ie l a n d , of three converted Hindus telling the word to others and winning them for Christ, shows, that our work in the Wynaad is not without its hopeful features. The number of European workers on the Mission field indi­ cated above is 90, not counting the wives of the missionaries. This number includes 57 missionaries for the TheWorkers. pastoral, evangelistic, and educational, 22 for the industrial, and 2 for the medical branches of our work, as well as 9 single ladies, representing the edu­ cational, evangelistic, medical, and industrial departments. The several classes of Indian workers are given in the table page. The ingatherings of the year are 389 persons baptized, including 253 adults and 136 children. In judging of the spiritual state of these converted Hindus pro- Ingatherings bablv few of them will satisfy the European of the Year. standard. But a good many of them fulfil, we hope, what must be considered the conditio sine qua non for adult baptism, viz: that they have been brought to an at least relative knowledge of their sins and entertain a sincere wish of following in Christ’s footsteps. Finally, we have great pleasure in mentioning two Jubilees which have been successfully celebrated during the year. One of them took place in memory of the formation Two Jubilees, of the Mission station at Palghat by the famous H e b ic h , and the other in commemoration of 27 the foundation of the Parsi High School at Tellicherry. A modest monument was erected in Palghat for perpetuating the joyful occasion. May the following prophetic words of Dr. G u n d e r t , which have been inscribed on the monument, be attended by a glorious fulfilment at a time not very far distant, viz.: “ India will blossom like a Garden of God!”

I. Evangelistic Work.

Evangelistic work is carried on more or less extensively all over our Mission field. It is conducted chiefly in two ways, viz.: by open-air preaching and house-to-house visitation. As to the latter mode of work, we hope that we have deserved the testimony of a Brahmin of Mangalore, who remarked on the indecency of the Mission people visiting all the houses in the town, which is generally done only by beggars. Open-air preaching has not, however, been neglected. It often prepares the way for visits to the homes of the people and thus adds to its importance as a testimony for Christ. With regard to the inclination, here and there observable, of Value of doubting the efficacy of open-air preachings, Bazaar- Mr. S c h w e ik h a r t , of Anandapur, remarks: Preaching “The experiences we have had so far on market- day meetings, encourage us to continue in our accustomed mode of evangelization. On market-days we are able to reach with our message far more people than by house visitation. The market-day is often the onl}’ opportunity to tell the Gospel to the poor coolies. It is on market-days, too, that the people have monej- for buying Christian books and tracts. They will afterwards read these at home, and when we visit them later on, their questions on what they have read, will often remove the difficulty of opening a conversation/’ In the following pages we propose to give some account of the experiences our brethren have had in propagating the Gospel among Hindus and Mohammedans. 4* 28

Mr. B u n z , our itinerary missionary at Mangalore, had some time since a lively conversation with Mohammedans. They had got hold of a copy of the lecture of an Conversations Englishman who had embraced the Moham- with Moham- medan religion. In this lecture an attempt medans. was made to prove that not Jesus but Moham­ med was the prophet promised in Deut. 18, 15. For Moses says: “A prophet like me.” Jesus, the lecture explains, had no resemblance at all with Moses, whereas Mohammed like Moses tended sheep, had to flee from his birth­ place, and wage holy wars. Difficult as the work among Mohammedans always is, and insignificant as the results achiev­ ed among them as yet are, the strong religious interest which Mohammedans as a class have, and certain connecting links with Christianity, which their tradition presents, at least tend to preclude the indifference and apathy concerning salvation, which are so often met with among Hindus. Mr. G e k e l e r , who in the large district of Udipi has been carrying on Gospel work among all classes of the population, makes the following notable statement: “I More am not able to report any conversions which intensive could be reckoned as the direct result of propagation itinerary work. But this fact does not in the needed. least discourage me. We have to wait till the seed, scattered about, bears fruit. I con­ fide in the Lord that He shall not let His word return unto Him void (Is. 55, 11). We should guard against every kind of artistic making o f proselytes by means of holding out bodily inducements to them, for it must be, as Scripture says, “through My spirit” (Zecb. 4, 6). Those who are in earnest about the salvation of their souls, will come and take up their cross. Let the conviction ripen in them that the discipleship of Jesus is worthy of a man enduring the hardest thing on account of it. What is needed is that the heathen among whom we work, should be visited more frequently in their houses and that the missionary and the catechists should remain in perpetual contact with them. Districts already visited should be fre­ quently revisited. How can we hope for the conversion of the masses, before every house in our own district has been 29 visited over and over again? However, to accomplish this task we need more workers.” The need for workers is more especially obvious in the North Canara District, where Mr. L u t z , with a few Indian assistants, is carrying on the work, the only Mission station in North Canara being Honavar. This station was founded so far back as 1845, and although the fruits of missionary work have as yet been but scarce, Mr. Lutz is far from giving up hope and rejoices in working in this “ station of hope” as a “ mission­ ary of hope”. Some time ago he had the pleasure of seeing his little band augmented by the students and teachers of the Theological Seminary at Mangalore, who had arrived to aid him and his co-workers in Gospel work at the famous idol- festival at Gokarna. As Mr. Lutz had often More with only two catechists to plead the cause of workers Christ before thousands of idolators and on needed. those occasions sorely felt the need of being backed up by a larger band of workers in order to more effectually combat the heathen darkness in places like Gokarna, etc., we may well imagine how much he appre­ ciated the presence of so many fellow'-workers and the Christian fellowship it afforded him. Mr. G ro ssm a n n , of Moolky (South Canara), mentions in his report the conversion of a well-to-do Bant youth, who is now reading in the Udipi Christian High School, Conversion to be, God willing, later on admitted as a of a Bant student to the Theological Seminary at Manga- youth. lore. It is his heart’s desire to become a preacher of the Gospel. “May God season this fruit of evangelistic work for His glory and the benefit of many.” Mr. W. F e r n a n d e z , the evangelist of Basrur (South Canara), some time ago was much impressed by the extent in which, under the auspices of the Brahmins, demon-worship is still keeping its hold on the people. This fact is Demon- evidenced by the annual celebration of a worship. great festival in honour of the demons, held in connection with the famous temple at Marana- katte. This festival is said to be usually attended by about 30

10,000 people. A preaching band from the Basrur station never fails to make its appearance on the occasion, to bear testimony for Christ before these masses of devil-worshippers. When they visited the festival last year, they were once more struck by the power which this stronghold of the Bhutas still exercises over the mind of the people. Thousands of rupees were ex­ pended and an enormous mass of flowers and fruits offered to the demons. Notwithstanding, a large number of the people gatheped round the Christian preachers. Some of them con­ fessed that they now understood the sinfulness of demon-wor- ship. It is a characteristic fact that even this kind of worship is nowadays patronized by the Brahmins, despite the religious retrogression which participation in demon-worship for Brahmins seems to involve. Mr. A s h a m a y a n , the evangelist of Tellicherry (Malabar), is able to report that he and his co-workers carried on itinerary work in 28 amshams (groups of villages) and 65 deshams (villages). They generally met witli a friendly reception by the people and were treated by Nambudiris, Nayars, and Tiyyars alike with kindness and courtesy. A s a rule, their message was willingly listened to and often appreciated. Mr. Ashamayan also mentions some curious misconceptions on the part of an old Tiyyan, who is a reader Erroneous of the Bible. He contended that Jesus on notions. his travels on earth also came to Ceylon. Being asked why he believed this, he replied: “The Bible says so.” At Mr. Ashamayan’s request looking up the passage which was in his mind, he triumphantly pointed to Matthew 15, 21, and it came out that instead of Sidon he had always read Silon and mistaken the name for Ceylon! He also had conceived the notion that Jesus was three times cruci­ fied. This conclusion he had arrived at because he had in three gospels read an account of the crucifixion of Jesus. These errors he had, of course, set right, and the conversation ended in the man buying a Sanskrit translation of the Gospel of St. Luke. Mr. W o lper t, our itinerant missionary for the Cannanore circuit, relates the following remarkable story of a colporteur showing how valuable an agency colportage may be if it is 31 carried on in the right spirit. The colporteur in question made two long journeys from the coast to the A Colpor- mountainous regions of the Wynaad and of teur’s story. Coorg. On these journeys, i. e. within a time of four months, he sold so many New Testa­ ments and Bible portions that the takings amounted to Rs. 180. At the same time he verbally explained the message of salva­ tion to the people. He had to overcome serious difficulties and to endure great privations; occasionally he had to risk his own life. On one occasion he had to pass the night in a forest, inhabited by wild animals. He was then accompanied by a man whom he had employed to help him to cany his books. Owing to their unprotected state (for they had no tent), his companion was during the night suddenly seized with fever which naturally kept him awake. While he thus lay awake during the dead of the night, he was suddenly startled and terrified by the roar of wild beasts coming nearer and nearer. The colporteur, tired out as he was, lay fast asleep. His companion having at last roused him, they both together made a loud noise and finally succeeded in driving off the beasts. The colporteur says that the man from thenceforward was well and had no more attacks of fever; he believed that God that night had sent the fever to save them both from death by wild beasts. “ By leaving the well-worn tracks of the plains and trying new paths in the interior the colporteur has,” Mr. Wolpert adds, “ secured in a few months as large a sale of Christian literature as he would otherwise, perhaps, have had in as many years.” Mr. W essel, the itinerary missionary of Chombala (Malabar), traces the conversion of several Hindus in out-stations to the propagation of the Gospel in those places for Results of many years. Most of them came from well- Gospel to-do families, two have attended one of our Work. Mission schools and afterwards joined Sunday School classes. Their relatives raised a tumult to intimidate them, but the young men remained steadfast in their resolve. Mr. Wessel says that quite a number of the people who came for baptism, had their homes in Badagara and Muverattu; he lays stress upon this fact, because he believes 32 that it is not accidental, but the result of the frequent preach­ ing of the Gospel in those places during many years, made more efficacious by our schools preparing the ground for the good seed. An important factor in evangelistic work is a number of Sunday Schools for Hindu children at Calicut, Sunday Cannanore, Tellicherry, Chombala, Palghat, Schools for Mercara, and other places. These schools are Hindu attended by about 700 children, and over 400 of children. them belong to Calicut. The Sunday Schools for Hindu children were mostly instituted in connection with Hindu day-schools, the masters and managers of the latter being kindly disposed to this Christian enter­ prise. Mr. R e n z , who inaugurated this happy policy at Calicut, is taking pains to push the work forward on the same lines. In the current year (1909) he has gained access to two other schools, making up the total of eight Sunday Schools in connection with Hindu day-schools at Calicut alone. The value of this work as a missionary agency need hardly be emphasized. A somewhat serious challenge was offered to Mr. F e il of Codacal when preaching in a village of the Chalyar-caste (weavers). Some youngsters tried to spoil the A Challenge, effect of their preaching by turning every­ thing into ridicule. But their chief opponent was a blind man, who was vexed at their always speaking about Jesus Christ. He at last cried: “What can your Jesus do? If Jesus is anything at all, let him open my eyes and give me sight!” The result of these words was general laugh­ ter, which, however, soon subsided, when Mr. Feil earnestly assured him: “Yes, he can do it.” Thereupon several of the bystanders said: “Well, let him do it then, and we will believe in him; let us see, if he can do it.” Mr. Feil replied: “Yes, let us see. Believe with your whole heart that Jesus can open your eyes and then let us see!” These words, spoken in an earnest and decided manner, did not fail to make an impression on the hearers. But the blind man cried: “No, let him first open my eyes and afterwards I will believe.” Upon this declaration, the crowd began to side with us. They may have felt something of the greatness of the name of Jesus. Moreover, we had zealous all: ■who thought the proposition showed great indignation at his doubting the ability of Jesus -to open his eyes. Mr. F ritz of Kaity on the Nilgiris has been working among two altogether different races, viz.: the Bada- Two gas, the chief tribe inhabiting the Nilgiris, different and the Tamil coolies, who come up from the races. plains to work as labourers on the tee, and coffee estates. Mr. Fritz takes a hopeful view of the work among both classes, but has made the obser­ vation that famine, plague, and other afflictions have, for the present, had rather a hardening effect on the hearts of the Badagas. On one occasion a Badaga plainly stated the case — -as he viewed it — in the following words: “It is as impossible for the Badagas ever to embrace Christianity as for our brown •skins to become as white as yours.” That it is not impossible lias been once more proved by 20 people from the Badagas having asked for baptism at Kaity during the year. Mr. W ie l a n d •also reports about a young Badaga who is intensely longing to become a Christian, but has not yet been able to over­ com e the opposition of his influential relatives. Meanwhile, lie is giving a considerable sum every year as a donation to the Mission. “In the so-called Cooly-Mission,” Mr. Fritz further remarks, ■“we have to preach the Gospel to a very different race, as well as in a different language, viz.: Tamil. When preaching •on the estates by the kind permission of superintendents, we are often surrounded by more than a hundred labourers, •who, as a rule, listen attentively to the word of God. The •Gospel is preached to the poor. There can hardly be any poorer people on the face of the earth than these coolies. The Basel Mission has been working among them for several -decennaries, and although there have not been many visible results, we feel that this work is not in vain. In judging of ■the results we must take into account the fact that the popu­ lation on the eastern side of the Nilgiris, to which the estate- labourers chiefly belong, is constantly fluctuating, so that it is ■■almost impossible to trace the effect of the word among them.” 5 34

Mr. S ch ad of Kotagiri, who has been engaged in the work among the hill-tribes in the region adjoining Kotagiri, cites several instances of the utter earthly-minded- Earthly- ness of heathenism. The question: “ Shall we mindedness in heaven eat and drink and have w om en?” of the is common enough. Others say petulantly: heathen. “What is the good of your preaching a new religion to us? When our bodies shall once be burnt to ashes, it will not matter whether we were Christians or Hindus, and everything will be over and past.” One would be mistaken if one supposed that the Badagas through outward afflictions (of which they have many) might be led to a know­ ledge of their sins. Instead of charging themselves with any guilt, they make God alone responsible for their misfortunes. A Badaga, in complaining of the prevailing drought, said: “Former­ ly we were much better o ff; it was then possible to trust G od; rain came whenever we wanted it; but who can trust God nowadays? He must have hidden Himself or gone somewhere. Formerly we had always plenty of grass; now our cattle are dying for want of food. Next month — be sure of it — when we re­ quire no rain, it will pour down in torrents, so that we shall' then not be able to go out of doors!” When I reminded him of the wickedness of men which God cannot leave unpunished, he, nothing daunted, rejoined: “But you and your catechists- are good, are you not? Why does God not send rain for your sake?” On another occasion, when Mr. Schad had dwrelt on the two ways, the way of life and the way of destruction, an old Badaga remarked: “Oh sir, for us heaven won’t do! You know in what jungle we live! W e are jungle-people, and we feel like the monkeys who also live in the jungle. If these creatures be taken away from their natural surroundings, they will invariably try to return to them, however well you may feed them, and even though a mattress is provided for them to sleep upon, they will prefer the jungle-life.” (Setz’ einen Frosch auf einen weissen Stuhl, er hup ft doch wieder in den schwarzen Pfuhl.) These sentiments are not very different to the views we have heard certain European people express with regard to missionary effort. “Don’t you bother the heathen,”' they say, “they are best off and happiest if left to themselves.”- 35

We now turn to the South Mahratta district, where itinerary work has to be carried on over an immense area. Considering the vastness of the field the labourers are but few. But earn­ est efforts are made to reach as many heathen as possible with the message of peace. In some places work has been hamper­ ed by the new spirit of Swadesi and Swaraj. In this respect Mr. Sp r in g , the itinerant missionary of Bettigeri, had some experiences worthy to be mentioned here. We will let him narrate them in his own words: “ When we preached at rthe idol festival at Badama, we were constantly interrupted by cries of: ‘ Vande mataram* and ‘Hail, hail to the great king Tilak!’ One person from the multitude cried: ‘What do these foreigners want in our country! First they spoil the people by their false doctrines and afterwards they Rowdy endeavour by every means to deprive us of obstruction our property. Already Lord Clive set the (sedition?) example. He forged letters to get money, and these foreigners have all the same char­ acteristics/ When we> explained that we were not Government officials, but missionaries, we were simply cried down, the crowd at least 12 to 15 times in succession frantically vociferating: ‘ Vande mataram! ’ and ‘Hail, hail to the great king Tilak! ’ “At another festival, held in honour of the god Krishna, notorious for the dances, nocturnal orgies, etc., that take place on the occasion, we again met with violent obstruction. When we sold a book, it was torn into pieces and burnt before our eyes, amid the mocking exclamation: ‘Well, now we have burnt your Jesus! ’ They even wanted to beat us, and twice I had my hat knocked off my head. When, however, a Brahmin youngster actually lifted up his arm in order to strike, some voices from among the crowd itself intervened in our favour. In consequence we were enabled, though under continuous self-defence, to gain the open road. And there, about fifty paces from the scene, described just now, stood the police— the guardians of public order and peace, apparently completely indifferent to what was going on!” A common objection to the Gospel is this: “It is all very well, what you say, but we cannot see Jesus with our eyes as we can see our Hanuman.” Mr. Sp ie t h , of the Guledgudd 5* 36 station, in meeting this objection, showed the people what a god that “ can be seen” , was worth. Hanuman, Visible as he was, could not hear them when they were on the field or in any place not near the Hanuman temple. What could a god who could not be present everywhere, profit them? And did not Hanuman, before all things, forsake them in the hour of death? They would be surprised, if any one asked them, if they thought they would go to Hanuman after death. Even if such a thing were possible, they would not desire it. How some gods come into existence, may be inferred from the following occurrence, related by Mr. Spieth: In a place, called Laitagundi, there died, some years ago, How gods a very bad man. During his life-time this originate. ma-n was shunned and dreaded by everybody. When he was dead, the people argued thus: “This man has done much harm to us while he was alive. Now his body is dead, he will torment us much more. It is, therefore, the safest course, to propitiate him without delay by building a shrine for him in order to worship him.” And forth­ with a small temple was built in honour of the dead miscreant. And thus that wicked man, by virtue of Ins wickedness, has been made a god and is now daily being worshipped as such. And when the present generation has passed away, the true ori­ gin of this new god and his shrine will be remembered no longer. Nobody will then dream of questioning the legitimateness of the worship. The people will then say: “Here have our forefathers worshipped and they certainly knew why they did so, it is only right that we should follow their example.” In South Mahratta it is not yet the time for reaping, but still that of sowing. Nor can we reasonably expect that this should be otherwise. We cannot expect a man to become a Christian the first time he hears the word, nor the second timé either. And in a field as large as that of South' Mahratta, what an amount of time and labour on the part of the few workers available, is required in order that every heathen should hear it even once! The good seed often takes root outside the range of our observation and is doing its work in a secret way. The following interesting experience, which Mr. Spring had while working in a place called Mundarki, is an example: “ One 37 day,” Mr. Spring narrates, “three men (Hindus) came to us and informed us that they had inherited from their grandfather a book (a land of diary), in which there was something written about the same Jesus whom we proclaimed. They then brought the book, which was written some 70 to 80 years ago by their grandfather, a Swami, who was in his time held in high esteem at Mundarki. The book contains the following prayer, written by the hand of the Swami who must have Prayer of a been deeply impressed by the truth of Gttitfsti- Hindu anity. In this prayer he refers to some Swami. Christian tract which, somehow, had come into his hands. The book, the prayer is written in, is not, as might be supposed, perused by its present possessors for reading and praying. Instead of using it for such profitable purposes, they worship it. They have ceased to worship idols, but they have made this book their god instead. Of course, we tried to show them the perversity of their conduct and urged them to pray the words of the prayer, written in the book, daily with sincere hearts, and then God would give them more light. In conclusion of the present chapter we quote this prayer of a Hindu Swami, which has been reverently preserved by his family until this day: “ Oh God, who art called Jehovah, and who has created heaven and earth! Verily, Thou art the foundation and cause of this universe! Thou alone art God, and beside Thee there is no other. Lord, Thou hast taught me through the teaching which is contained in this little book. Help me, that I may understand it still better. Until now, I have lived in darkness and ignorance, having known neither Thee nor Thy salvation, but instead, have served strange gods who neither see, nor hear, nor can help me. Lord, forgive me my sin and bestow upon me Thy Spirit, in order that I may serve Thee alone from this day. Thou hast given me this little book which has guided me to know Thy will, Thy way, and Thy salvation. Do Thou remove all darkness and ignorance which are still in my mind, and vouchsafe me through faith and fear of God wisdom and courage. Lead me, as long as I live, in Thy way and grant me at last eternal life for the sake of Thy Son Jesus Christ. All this I pray in the name of the Saviour Jesus Christ. Amen.” 38

II. Educational Work.

(See Table of Schools, pp. 16. 17.)

-£i— Ed.i3.ca/tiom. o f OIh.rIstian.s.

Notwithstanding the fact that, owing to a considerable deficit in the Mission treasury, reductions had to be made under this head, the duty of educating and training the Christians is still feltrto' be supreme. It is to Christian schools that we look for trained men and women, who will be able to lead their country­ men into an intelligent knowledge of the Scriptures and the doctrine of the Christian religion. Educated men and women are wanted for the evangelistic Avork of the Indian Missions, and no less so are educated men needed for the pastoral work of our Churches. In these institutions, too, must be trained the teachers who are to carry on the educational work of the Mission and Presbyteries. There were, in the year under report, two Christian Secon­ dary (Boarding) Schools for boys, one Training Seminary for boys and one for girls, one Students’ Home for Christians in connection with a High School, and two Theological Semina­ ries. In addition to these institutions for the training of Mis­ sion workers, there is a large number of Parochial Schools, primary education being compulsory in our Mission. In the latter schools a special curriculum for teaching Scripture sen­ tences and biblical stories, and also a number of useful Christian hymns, has long been in use. And last we mention as a by no means unimportant factor in the training of Christian youth nine Orphan Schools, four for boys and four for girls, and one for both sexes. The Christian High School at TJdipi has accomplished its purpose of imparting a sound basis in religious and secular edu­ cation to future workers in the Mission. This result has been well secured by the self-denying labour of so experienced a Principal as Mr. B r a sc h e , the pains-taking energy of his Head Master, Mr. V . Sheshachallam , as well as the faithful co­ operation of the whole staff of teachers. The enrollment has been well maintained and even shows a slight increase, being now 272, in spite of the reduction in Mission boarders (boarders 39

■chiefly supported by the Mission) from 60 to 41, ordered by the Home-Committee on accoant of the finan- Christian cial straits, in which our Mission has been for High School some time. The execution of this measure, at Udipi. however, was found to be a painful task, and we may well imagine how exasperating to the Principal it must have been, to cut short the opportunities •of many a poor boy, however eager to continue his studies, A limited number of boys, who wish to qualify as •Ele­ mentary Teachers, are instructed up to the 3d Form in Ele­ mentary classes, attached to the High School. After passing the 3d Form, or 7th Standard, of the Elementary School, they will, in an additional year, be taught Church History, Music, and other subjects, after which they enter an institution for .secular training. The general education, they have so far re­ ceived, however, is still felt to come short of what they really need for their future calling. Seven boys, five from South Canara, one from the Nilgiris, and one from Coorg, have during the year finished their course in subjects, required by "the Mission, and have passed their examination with very satisfactory results. The South Canara students will now en­ ter the Government Seminary at Mangalore to acquire their Teachers’ diploma. The whole institution has always been distinguished for thoroughness and efficicncy. It is more especially “a deeper and more comprehensive knowledge of the word of God,” which it is the endeavour of the Principal and his staff to impart to the young men under their charge. For, “ such knowledge is a treasure, that can be hardly sufficiently appreciated” , particu­ larly for our Indian Christians, while “superficiality in regard to the word of God is a danger which we ought to dread more than anything else, as is amply and impressively demonstrated by many chapters of Church History down to the present day.” We tender our heartfelt thanks to Dr. M athlas, who in his old accustomed way, with much self-sacrifice by day and by night, has rendered medical aid and advice to the above insti­ tution and to the Orphanage, as well as to the congregation. The Christian High School at Nettur (Malabar) had, on the 31st December last, 192 pupils on the roll, viz.: 53 boarders 40 chiefly supported by the Mission, 11 paying boarders, 2{^ Christian day-soholars (19 boys, 10 girls), 99 Hindu day-scholars (including one girl). The year under report was, however, the last of the sepa­ rate existence of the school as such. The present unfavourable financial position of our Mission made its amalgamation with our Day Secondary School at Tellicherry, the so-called Parsf High School, necessary. The latter school Christian being only two miles distant from the buildings High School of the Christian Secondary School, it is not at Nettur. difficult for the Christian boarders to attend the classes of that institution, but as the teach­ ing curriculum of the Boarding School at Nettur was adapted to its main object of preparing for the Theological and Training Seminaries, arrangements had to be made to secure the attain­ ment of the same end under the new conditions. Accordingly, subjects not taught in the Parsi High School, notably Grreekr will in future be given separately at what henceforth will be called the “ Students’ Home” at Nettur. Although it is much to be regretted that the Christian High School, as such, has now ceased to exist, the Principal, Mr. K n o b l o c h , who perseveringly advanced the prosperity of the school and introduced several improvements, as well as his staff of teachers, wTho faithfully co-operated with him, may justly find solace in the consciousness that the step had not to be taken owing to any lack of efficiency on the part of the school, and that the efforts of the past have certainly not been in vain.- Out of fourteen boys, sent up for the Matriculation exami­ nation, five have been successful. Last year marks a new epoch in the history of the Training' Seminary for Teachers at Nettur inasmuch as the secular training and the training in subjects prescribed by the Mission were for the first time given in separate classes. Thus, the students who entered the Seminary at the be- Training ginning of the year, formed the class for the Seminary for training required by the educational autho- Teachers. rities, while the others, who have received this- kind of training in the previous year, were this year exclusively instructed in Mission subjects. The view 41 that the training in. the Secular and Christian subjects in a consecutive order instead of, as formerly, at the same time and in one and the same class— even when the total period of train­ ing is the same— will give better results, has alread}" been borne out by experience. All the students who were sent up for the Government examination in December last, eight in number, were successful, while the results of the Mission examination, too, were very fair and were much better than one was justified in expecting, considering the moderate abilities of the stj^d

II. Systematic Theology: Dogmatics, Ethics, Apologetics, and Practical Theology. III. Historic Theology: Introduction to the Bible, Church History, and Symbolics. IV- Hinduism and Mohammedanism. V- Languages: Malayalam, Sanskrit, Greek, and English. In addition to this curriculum, which is mainly theoretic, the weekly Gospel-preaching before Hindus and Mohammedans afford., opportunity for practical training. As a rule, it is real “open air preaching”, held on the well-frequented maidan of Tellicherry. Dr. M e y e r who, under the assistance of the house-father of the seminary, Mr. M. SlMON, and other workers, has been engaged in introducing his students to this practical work, was with his band invited to take part Theological in religious discussions, on one occasion by Seminary an association of Hindu gentlemen at Dhar- at Nettur. matam, and on another, by a students’ asso­ ciation in connection with the Brennen College. On the latter occasion, the topic, proposed for discussion, was: “For and against the doctrine of Transmigration,” and the views, expressed by the Hindu students on this doctrine, were, in the main, adverse to it. At the Dharmatam meeting the}’ had a numerous and sympathetic audience, which it was a pleasure to address on chief Christian truths. They were also glad to find, at this meeting, a noted preacher of Hinduism taking up a friendly attitude toward Christianity. Thrice in a month our students, with those of the Training School for Teachers and of the Students’ Home, meet together on behalf of the missionary cause. Intercession is made for Christian Missions, and fresh information is given from the field. These meetings also serve for common consecration as well as for strengthening the bonds of Christian fellowship among the students. This “ Students’ Prayer Union” annually makes a collection on behalf of the Mission treasury, which last year yielded the sum of Rs. 17. We have pleasure also in mentioning that a number of students diligently engage in Sunday School work. They manage all by themselves three Sunday Schools, two for Hindu and one for Christian children. W c are sure that this work 43

among the little ones will greatly help in fitting our students for their future calling.

OUR ORPHANAGES.

The superintendents of our orphanages have continued to carry on their highly beneficent work of bringing up a large number of orphans as Christian men and women, and of train­ ing them to become useful members of our Churches. The total number of inmates in nine orphanages is 664; among these there are 350 boys and 314 girls. Being obliged to limit our space, we cannot give anything like an account of each orphanage, but have to confine ourselves to a few brief items, which have been culled from the annual reports for 1908. Our Boys’ Orphanage for the South Mahratta district at Bettigeri, near Gadag, has been conducted with great care and solicitation for the bodily and mental welfare Boys’ o f the children. Mrs. E r n st reports a sad Orphanage experience regarding the Brahmin boy Rama at Bettigeri. Abraham, mentioned in last year’s report, who was, after nine months, allured away from the orphanage by two aunts, Brahmin widows. We heartily join in the petition that “ God may still draw Abraham to himself, even in his heathen surroundings.” In Sumaddi, near Guledgudd, we have our Girls’ Orphanage for South Mahratta. The Orphanage School grades as an Upper Primary School. Mr. E isfeld er is able to report that three girls from the insti­ tution, whom he had sent up for the entrance Girls’ examination to the Government Training Orphanage at School for Mistresses at Dhanvar, have all Guledgudd. passed. Although Mr. Eisfelder does not ven­ ture to assert that his girls are exceptionally good scholars, the above result obviously reflects credit on the Orphanage School. We now return to JJdipi, where, in close connection with the Boarding Home of the Christian High School, there is the Boys' Orphanage of the South Canara district. “On the 12th November, we had the joy of seeing two converted heathen boys, who had found a home in the orphan-

6 * 44 age, receive holy baptism on the occasion of the Udipi Mission festival.” : “W e have special cause” , Mr. B rasch e Boys’ also remarks, “to give thanks unto the Lord Orphanage and to praise Him exceedingly for graciously at Udipl. preserving us. While in the beginning, and still more towards the end of the year, the cholera epidemic claimed many victims in and around Udipi, and^though the disease came very close to our compound, it was not permitted to enter into it. How much sorrow, distress, and anguish has the Lord thereby averted from us!” The Girls’ Orphanage for the South Canara district is in Moolky, a place situated 18 miles to the north of Mangalore. Besides the regular instruction at school, Girls’ practical training is imparted to the girls in Orphanage many ways. It is chiefly the rather extended at Moolky. husbandry in connection with the orphanage that affords ample scope for manual occupa­ tion, and the girls are never better and more hearty than when employed in the fields. But in due course, also those times come round, when needle-work must be the principal object of attention. The girls have themselves to make all their clothes and are, too, regularly commandeered for kitchen work. For the Coorg district we have an Orphanage at Anandapur which, in two separate buildings, provides for both, bo}7s and girls. Mrs. F isc h e r tells one of those experiences, which pathe­ tically demonstrate the value and blessing of orphanages: “Early in April, after the Sunday afternoon-service, we were surprised by the appearance on our verandah of a Hindu, who held the slight frame of a little girl in his Orphanage arms. The man said that the child was without at any relatives and he had, therefore, brought her Anandapur. here to hand her over to the orphanage. Finding ourselves confronted by the alterna­ tive of either giving shelter and a home to the poor child in the orphanage, or allowing her to starve and perish from neglect, there was but one course open to us. The child looked very tiny and feeble even long after we had taken her in, and 45

one day we had hurriedly to baptize her from, the apprehension that death would overtake her. We were allowed, however, to keep Cecily, and at present her little cheeks are beginning to fill out.” The day, when the children attended the Mission festival at Mercara, was one of the most joyful occasions of the year, but towards the close of it we were visited by a sore tribulation, when the cholera epidemic held its sway among our children and carried awajr seven of their number (six girls and one little boy). During ten days the hand of the Lord lay heavily, iuf)on us. A servant woman, too, was attacked and succumbed to the malady. We owe a great debt of gratitude to Dr. H il e y who attended on the sick children night and day, but all his skill and experience could not save the seven above from falling victims to the dread disease. The Girls' Orphanage for the Malabar district at Chombala, near Mahe, “ abundantly experienced the gracious protection and help of God during the year of extremity. It was not always easy to make both ends meet in the household accounts, but, thank God, we succeeded in doing so, without shortening the rations.” The Industrial School which Mrs. W eism a n n has instituted in connection with the orphanage, in order to afford the un­ married young women of the congregation a means of mainte­ nance, has obtained the recognition of the educational autho­ rities. We do not yet know what grant will be conferred on the enterprise, but our chief object in view, Girls* namely, to make the school a blessing to our Orphanage people, both in an economical and a moral at Chombala. respect, will, it is hoped, be realized. The beginning has been encouraging. At present twenty girls are busy making pillow-lace, and their total earn­ ings amount already to about Rs. 200. The question, whether the products of the school will always find a ready market, causes some anxiety, an anxiety which, we devoutly hope, the future will prove to be without foundation. In the Boys' Orphanage for the Malabar district, at Paraperi, the cholera, which had carried away some boys at the end of 1907, lingered till January 1908, when upon one never-to-be- forgotten day, three boys at once fell victims to the epidemic. 46

Mr. Stjraub can record a very cheering experience. The boys are, at least once a year during the midsummer vacation, given the opportunity of exchanging life in Boys’ the orphanage for a stay in a family for some Orphanage weeks. Previously, only those who were so at Paraperi. fortunate as to have a mother or other rela­ tives, willing to receive them, wrere able to avail themselves of the privilege, but last year, almost all our boys found a home, as a number of Christian families, in ready compliance with Mr. Straub’s public appeal, invited those children who have no family to go to, to spend their holiday with them. What especially is gratifying, is the fact that among those who benefited the children in the way described, there were several former orphan boys, now heads of families, who in this way wanted to prove their gratitude. Many a boy cherishes the high ambition of later on becom­ ing a teacher or a catechist, an ideal, however, which only the most gifted and well-behaved boys can ever expect to realise. The superintendents of our Boys’ Orphanage at Kaity, on the Nilgiris, felt some apprehension, at bne time, that the in­ stitution might be visited by the plague, as Boys’ dead rats were found. Several boys wTere Orphanage taken ill, but their fear that it might be plague, at Kaity. proved to be unfounded, the boys recovering after a few days. The prospect of attending a magic lantern exhibition, given by a friend from Ootacamund, helped greatly in restoring them to health. After the completion of the railway to Ootacamund, a rail- way-excursion was arranged and took place on the 12th of October. This day will long live in the memory of our boys, as probably none of them had ever travelled in a railway- carriage before. Our Girls’ Orphanage for the Nilgiris is at Kotagiri. Work among the children is found by the superintendents to be, in , many respects, a hopeful one. Cares, how- ever, are not wanting. One of these consists in the problem of making provision for the a ° 2 ,n * marriageable girls who are still in the institu­ tion, a problem that presents peculiar difficulties. If situa­ 47 tions where the girls are free from moral danger, cannot be found, the ultima ratio must be to let the girls stay in the orphanage till an opportunity for marriage is offered.

IE3. IBd.-a.cat ioxl of ISToxi-Cliristisi2s.s.

The schools for the education of non-Christians include five High Schools for boys and one for girls, several incomplete Secondary Schools, and a large number of Elementary Schools. The total attendance of non-Christians in our educational institutions is 9941 viz.: 8648 boys and 1293 girls. The Boys’ High School at Calicut has now been raised to the College standard. On the 17th March of the Calicut present year an Intermediate class was opened High School with twenty students in attendance, consist- and College. ing of Christians, Tiyyas (among them two girls), Nayars, and Brahmins. The total enrollment in the School department, including all the grades from the Infant class pp to the Matriculation class, is 685. The teaching staff of the College department will shortly receive a valuable addition by the appointment of a professor of the English language. It is also proposed to engage, within measurable time, a professor of Natural Science. Referring to the negotiations preceding the recognition of the College, Mr. M ü l l e r , the Principal, remarks: “We were privileged to receive many an encouraging testimony of acknow­ ledgement and sympathy from Europeans and Indians, from Christians as well as Hindus. May this new undertaking of our Mission serve for our Redeemer’s honour, whose name must always stand foremost, for the salvation of many precious souls, and the benefit of the country, in which the Lord has called us to labour and whose best welfare we ought to seek.” The Hostel, which has been ready for occupation since the beginning of the present year, consists of 20 commodious rooms which are simply, yet adequately, furnished. Nineteen of these are for boarding, one for general recreation uses. The residential rooms will ordinarily hold 2 to 4 students each. There are two permanently arranged departments for cook­ ing, viz.: vegetarian, and non-vegetarian. In addition, there 48 is a variable number of temporary departments according to need. There is accomodation for 50 to 60 students; preference is given to students of the College classes, but students of the School department are also admitted as space becomes availa­ ble. At the end of the first term of 1909 the Hostel was occupied by 25 students. The building stands in an extensive compound just behind the^College, and there is plenty of scope for open air recreation. Situated more in the centre of the town there is, within the precincts of the Mission compound, the Girls’ High School, in which, however, the number of Christians predominates over that of the non-Christians, the school serving, Calicut Girls’ iu its lower grades, as Parochial School, for High School, those Christian girls who wish to enlist for a secondary education. There are in all 182 pupils on the roll, among whom 123 Christians and 59 non- Christians. In the High School, classes the proportion is still more in favour of the Christians, there being 8 Hindu and 25 Christian girls in attendance. Connected by past history with the above school there is, in the same compound, an Elementary School for Christian girls with six classes and a total enrollment of 96. These ele­ mentary classes were detached from the High School two years ago, and the advantage of this step has since been proved by experience. Not only has the intellectual status and general efficiency of the High School been raised to a higher level, and its finances have been put on a more solid basis, but also those children, who entered the elementar}'' classes, are now progressing better than before, since the instruction they now xeceive, is one adapted to their needs and circumstances. The Principal of these schools, Miss J. M e t zg e r , is confident, not only that “ the necessity of the education of woman will be recognized in wider and wider circles, but also that the cram­ ming for mere book-education, marked by public examinations, •(a method which in the time of the ‘awakening’ produced some undesirable specimens of blue-stoekings), will gradually give way to some understanding for the true ideal of an educated girl, who by education is not estranged, from her natural 49 sphere, but really fitted and qualified for her vocation within the same.” The Palghai High School has, under its energetic Principal, Mr. H a u e r , made a decided advance. The revenues of the school show an increase of Rs. 300 in fees. We were greatly gratified and encourag- Palghat ed by the results of the Matriculation exami- High School, nation. Out of 30 students sent up, 15 passed, a result, which is far ahead of what has been achieved since the establishment of the High School classes some years ago. The Parsi High School at Tellicherry, under the experienced and self-denying management of Mr. Maue, and the faithful performance of duty on the part of his teachers, Parsi is in a very good state both as to organization High School, and discipline. The past year was an eventful one in several respects. It was the first year that the school had a Christian Head Master. Moreover, the enrollment of the school was the largest it had ever had, namely: 547- And finally the school solemnized, on the 11th and 12th of December, the Jubilee of its foundation. There was a large attendance of the public. On the first day A. W. G. Stranack, Esq., of the Madras Bank, kindly occupied the chair, and on the second, H. D. R eilly, Esq., i.e.s., was good enough to preside. Addressing the large gathering assembled at the close of the meeting, Mr. Reilly paid a kind tribute to our school, and wished it further prosperity. The programme included recitations, distribution of prizes, several items of music, and a beautiful tableau representing “The advent of Spring” . Seventy-eight boys were sent up for the Matriculation examination, of whom 24 were successful. Regarding the present state of our High School at Mangalore, its Principal, Mr. G. H e r m e l in k , who has since gone on fur­ lough to Europe,, writes as follows: High School “ The school is, at least outwardly, better at Mangalore, off than it ever was before. The number of pupils on the roll was larger than in any previous period, and at one time rose to 300. The staff of teachers worked satisfactorily, and the testimony of the 50

Inspector of Schools on the state of the school was encourag­ ing. Mr. P f l e i d e r e r ’s tireless and patient efforts continue to bear fruit still. The closing of the boarding schools in the vicinity of Mangalore has, however, contributed to the rise in the attendance of the school.” “ Some students, about six in number, have joined together with the object of acquainting themselves with Christianity. They regularly meet for Bible readings and also attend our Church services on Sundays.”

Mr. Hermelink’s place has been supplied by Mr. R e u s c h , who was formerly, for a number of years, in charge of the High School at Dharwar. In the High School at Dharwar, school-work has been ham­ pered by the plague assuming serious developments, in conse­ quence of which the attendance went down High School to such a degree that, for a period, the school at Dharwar. had to be closed. One of the teachers and one student were so ill-advised as to take part in the revolutionary propaganda. High public authorities demanded their dismissal, which, of course, was at once acted upon. In spite of handicaps like these, however, the school can point to an excellent record in the Matriculation examination, for out of 8 boys 6 or 75°/o have passed. This is the best result the school has ever had, and the best, too, within the South Mahratta district. For their classical language two candidates had chosen French, two Persian, and two Sanskrit. One of these six can­ didates secured the 13th place out of 1176 on the pass list and was 2d in his own district.

III. The Native Church.

(See the Tabular View on pp. 14. 15).

The Churches represent in a concrete form the results o f the missionary endeavour. Paul and his companions preached the Grospel and then organized their converts into worshipping assemblies of true believers. The permanent result of their 51 labours was the Church. The Churches were their glory and crown. The total baptized community of the Churches established within the bonds of the Basel Mission, numbers 18081. From the “Abstract showing the contributions of the Churches towards their Expenses, the Mission, and the Poor” it will be seen that the total amount collected in the Churches is Rs. 16980. 6. 5. Our aim in a financial respect is to make the Churches support not only their own pastors, but also their own Parochial Schools, orphanages, etc. We are still a long way off self-support, but wherever possible, the Indian Pastors are invested with full responsibilities. A beginning in indigenous Mission enterprise has been made in the South Canara Churches, who have under­ taken to support by themselves an evangelist in the Mission field. In the following brief review of our Churches the chief events of the year are indicated: The census of our Mangalore Church shows a slight decrease, viz.: of 22 persons. There are 3232 Christians against 3254 in the previous year. This diminution is due to the fact that 288 members have left the town during the year to seek employ­ ment elsewhere, while only 183 have arrived. Seventeen persons, among whom is one Brahmin youth, have received holy baptism. The ordinary contributions towards the Church and the Mission were Rs. 2282. 5. 7. In addition to this amount, the sum of Rs. 187 has been collected towards defraying the cost of the evangelist to be put in the Mission field at the sole ex­ pense of the Indian Christians in South Canara, and the sum total collected in the district is Rs. 541. A good deal is constantly being done to advance the spiritual condition of the several congregations which the Mangalore Church comprises. Besides the regular Church services, the Prayer meetings held by turns in Christian houses, the meetings of the Y. M. C. A.s, the meetings of the Temperance Associations, Sunday School classes, etc., afford opportunity for men and women, for the grown up as well as the growing generation, to obtain a deeper and more practical conception of the Christian truth.

7* 52

Evident progress is being made in the cause of temperance. Mr. R it t e r remarks on the apparent decline of drunkenness, which he ascribes to the activity of the Temperance Associations. W e note with pleasure the flourishing state of Temperance. the Temperance Association at Jeppu, which now counts 109 members. The leaders have been very active, here and there in Christian houses gathering the people together and speaking to them on behalf of temperance. It is hoped that the association will soon be in a position to build a Temperance Hall, many members.of the congregation, as well as Roman Catholics, Mohammedans, and Hindus, contri­ buting money towards this object. The congregation at Moolky — a village 18 miles to the north of Mangalore — and in its out-stations, has a total mem­ bership of 1106. Sixteen persons were added to the Church from the heathen during the year. On the 29th of November a Prayer Union held its first anniversary. The young men of whom the union is composed, conduct the meetings by turns and they are becoming more and more conscious of the blessings of common consecration and Christian fellowship. The Church at Udipi is, in membership, the largest but one in the South Canara district, and counts 2081 members, di­ vided, however, into several congregations. There were 10 additions from the heathen. The congregations consist, for the most part, of poor labour­ ers, many of whom suffered want during this year of scarcity, and the duty of providing for them often pressed heavily on the mind of the missionaries and pastors. However, “ we were

grateful,” says Mr. B a n g e r A, the pastor of Scarcity. the Udipi station, “ that at least such of our people, as suffered the greatest want, could be employed in the Mission compound dining the rainy season, and in spite of the small wages we were able to offer them, they did their work willingly and joyfully. We are looking forward to the new year with apprehension. The yieldings of both harvests were unsatisfactory, and there is, consequently, much cause for fear that the distress during MISSION BUNGALOW AT PUTTUR, S. CAÑARA. 53 the next rainy season may be more intense than it ever was before.” Among those now under instruction for baptism there is a family, whose head had 30 years ago, when a boy of 14, along with his parents been instructed in the Christian God’s Cords truth for some time, but who with the latter of Love. returned to heathenism. He could not, how­ ever, forget those happy days, when the light of truth had dawned upon him, and he has now, drawn by the invisible cords of the love of God, come back with his whole family to join the Christian Church. Our congregation at Karlcal now numbers 454 members. Fifty-five persons were baptized during the year. Among this number there were two Brahmins, who manfully took upon themselves the consequences of conversion to Christianity. One of them is now supporting himself by soap making. In addition to the above Churches, there are small Christian communities in connection with the Mission stations at Basrur, Kasaragod, and Puttur, all three belonging to the South Canara district, and at Honavar (p. 29), in the North Canara district. As to their strength in membership and the number of additions from the heathen during the year, we refer to the “Tabular View” on pp. 14 and 15. In the Coorg district we have Churches at Anandapur and Mercara. The Christian community at Mercara numbers 145 members. Four converts were baptized. Several people have asked for baptism. Among them there is a former student of the Mission school. After he had left it, he bought a New Testament, from which he used to read to his friend. As a consequence, both young men now desire to join the Christian Church. At the beginning of the year under report, there were at Anandapur 236 Church memhers, while at the close of the year there were only 209, in spite of the fact, that there were six baptisms of heathen converts. This regrettable state of affairs is due to 32 deaths having occurred within the small congregation in a single year. Among this number there were 12 cholera cases. 54

On the other hand, it is hoped that by the grace of God a number of converts will be added to the Church in the present year. This is joyful news indeed, since it shows that the spiritual barrenness for which the Coorg district has long been notorious, shall not last for ever, and that “In the East is morning breaking, Faintly glimmering from afar; Gladdening eyes that wait the rising Of the Bright and Morning Star.”

Turning now to the Malabar district and beginning from the north, we find a large Christian community at Cannanore. It was in this town in days gone by, that the w;ell-known pioneer missionary H e b ic h laboured many years, powerfully bearing testimony to Christ among natives and Europeans, and more especially among the officers and men of the British regiments, then stationed there. The total membership of the Cannanore Church, including the out-station Chowa, is 1,487. Among this number there are 31 who were added from the heathen during the year. Some of those who had been already within the Christian fold, have passed, too, from the Church Militant to the Church Triumphant. Among Called home the latter, there was a woman whose end was at last. an especially edifying one, as her life had also been. Her days had been spent in caring for her children, for whose bodily and spiritual welfare she had .been toiling hard, and for whose sake she often suffered want. Con­ cerning her last illness Mr. U b e r writes: “It was edifying to visit her, for she was grateful for every comfort taken from the Word of God. When she could endure her pains no longer, she used to utter the sigh: ‘Oh how long! Come Lord Jesus!’ The text 2 Cor. 4, 17: ‘For our light affliction, which is but for a moment, worketh for us a far more exceeding and eternal weight of glory’, often strengthened her. At last, the weary pilgrim was called home, and amid the gentle strains of a Christian hymn sung by those who witnessed her passing away, she fell asleep.” 55

Solid work is being done in the station, and pleasing symptoms of sound progress are here and there observable. The opportunity of spiritual influence over a large section of the congregation, afforded by the Weaving Establishment of the Mission, is made good use of, especially at morning prayers. "The Y. M. C. A. has had a very prosperous year. The enrollment .seems to be larger than ever before, and arrangements have of late been made to provide board and lodging in a suitable building at moderate cost for young men coming to the town. In the Sunday Schools there are now 370 children in attendance, viz.: 245 Christian and 125 Hindu children. On the other hand, however, some confusion has been caused by the advent of Anabaptists who appeal to our Christians to “go forth of Babylon’ ' (the established Church of the Basel Mission) and to join that one pure body of Christians, which alone is “The Church of God” . Great stress is laid on baptism by immersion as an indispensable condition for the reception into this Church. Without wishing to disparage some of their well-meant endeavours or doubting “Go ye forth the sincerity of their motives, we are surprised of Babylon!” that in a pagan country like India, where 300 millions of heathen are waiting for the message of life, these friends confine their efforts to a Christian congre­ gation which is already ministered to, in a devoted and self- sacrificing manner, by a Christian missionary as well as by an Indian pastor, both of whom dispense in abundance the pure Word of God and nothing else. Considering, moreover, that •splits and schisms among evangelical Christians must in­ evitably result from the course taken by these workers, we also wonder how they have succeeded in coming to terms with the word of the great Apostle who worked more than all the .rest and yet had found it expedient and was humble enough to observe the following rule: "Yea, so have I striven to preach the Gospel not where Christ was named, lest I should build upon another man’s foundation: but as it is written, to whom he was not spoken of, they shall see: and they that have not heard, shall understand.” (Rom. 15, 20. 21.) The Church at Tellicherry has in its two branches, one in the town and the other on the Nettur hill, 654 members. There were 56

23 additions from the heathen during the year. Both congre­ gations were severely visited by the cholera epidemic, which claimed several victims. Yet the number of those who suc­ cumbed to the dread disease, was very small compared with the number of those attacked, which is doubtless due to the self-sacrificing way in which both the Indian pastors devoted themselves to the nursing of the sick, attending on them night and day and not shrinking from the lowest services required on behalf of the patients. The congregation at Ghombala, with the inclusion of the small community in the French town of Mahe, where a neat chapel was erected a few years ago, has a membership of 578. There has been an ingathering of 28 persons who have been added to the Church by holy baptism. The difficulty in admitting inquirers, is that there are no vacancies in the available weaving looms of the Mission, and consequently no work can be found for the A serious converts. “How joyful would our work be,” obstacle. Mr. W e ism a n n writes, “ if the thousands who during the last decennaries desired Christian instruction and baptism at this station, could have, in conse­ quence of finding a means of livelihood, been received into the Christian Church.” Some of those who were baptised last ye,ar, are able to maintain themselves and their families in­ dependent of the Mission. Calicut with its out-stations, notably Pudiarakkall and Ferok, has a total membership of 2212. In all 77 persons were added from the heathen in 1908. Our Industrial factories deserve thanks for affording by employment a means of subsistence to the majority of those who wish to join the Christian Church, but it is plain, under the circumstances, that a good deal of discrimination is required in admitting new-comers. The Indian pastor, Mr. Ch a n d r a n , observes: “This year also, I was obliged to refuse admittance to many pretending inquirers, as their only object was to obtain bodily support. I plainly see that by such admissions the moral level of our congregation is lamentably going down, and the Christian community loses its good reputation before the outsiders.” 57

There are many opportunities for spiritual edification and

Christian fellowship, more especially on Sundays: at 8 a . m . there is a Bible class iu the Y. M. C. A.; at 9 A. m . service at the church; at 12 o’clock womens’ prayer Opportunities meeting; at 2p.m . Sunday School classes; at for Spiritual8. 30. p. m . catéchisation service at the church; Blessing. at 5 p. m . open air preaching on the beach ; at 7 p. m . Prayer meeting at the Y. M. C. A. hall and in several other localities. — There is also a Well- frequented “Endeavour Society” with a Temperance division. The latter branch came into existence last year, and already 70 persons have been enrolled in it, the rapid increase in member­ ship being mainly due to a lecture by Dr. S c h n e ite r on the abstinence question. These being pleasing features of Christian life at Calicut, complaint is also made, on the other hand, of a serious draw­ back, consisting in the regrettable fact that “ onty on principal festival days can we see our church filled with people. On ordinary Sundays nearly half of our congregation will not attend the morning service'and still less the afternoon service.” In the country between the towns of Calicut and Palghat there are two Christian communities, a larger one at Codacal and a smaller one at Vaniyankulam. The former congregation is 1358 members strong, the latter has a membership of 302. At Codacal there were 11 additions from the heathen, at Vaniyankulam 34 persons were baptized last year. The Codacal people, men as well as women, are for the most part employed as labourers in the local tile factory of the Mission, while the Christians at Vaniyankulam are for their livelihood mainly de­ pendent on agricultural land, rented from the Mission, as well as on several kinds of cooly job-work. Palghat has a membership of 441, this number being made up of a smaller congregation in the town, a larger one at Melparambu, and a few families at Wadackanchery, a village situated in a remote district by the side of the jungle. This out-station has had its vicissitudes. Once there was a small but thriving Christian community there, which, owing to several causes, dwindled down to one or two families, but has latterly again recovered some vitality through the pains-taking 8 58 labour of one simple man who acts as pastor of the small flock, as husbandman, tending the lands of the Mission, and as evangelist, witnessing Christ by word and deed among the neighbouring heathen.” In all there were 40 additions from the heathen during the year. The Palghat station solemnized the 50th anniversary of its foundation last October. “Notwithstanding the fact that we had our abundant share of distress and misery during the past year, we did not neglect to make it, in conformity with the figure of ‘50’, a ‘year of Jubilee’. The Lord was gracious unto us, and we were privileged to have an elevating Jubilee cele­ bration, the memory of which will, for a long time to come, mark out the past year as one of peculiar interest.”

On the Nilgiris two Churches are in existence, one at Kaity and one at Kotagiri. At Kaity we have 523 Christians. Great enthusiasm prevailed among them at the harvest thanks-giving festival, held for the first time last year. It was turned to a profitable account, as the offerings of the people augmented the fund towards the building of a church, which is more and more becoming an urgent necessity. Kotagiri has a membership of 326. There were 9 additions from the heathen last year. Here, too, a harvest festival was celebrated with veiy cheering results. From the sale of the natural products offered on the occassion by the Christians, a large sum was realized, to be added to the fund for the extension of the church. — A new church bell was presented to the station by friends in Germany.

In the South Mahratta district there are larger or smaller Christian communities at Dharwar, Hubli, Bettigeri, Guledgudd and Bijapur. The first of these Churches was established at Dharwar. Its membership is, however, still small, being only 220. Owing to the transfer of the workshops of the South Mahratta Railway to Madras, some Church-members, employed in these shops, have left for that city. BASEL MISSION CHAPEL AT BETTIGERI, S. MAHRATTA. 59

During the time, when the plague prevailed, four or five young men began to meet in the evenings for common prayer. This prayer union has since gathered some strength, other young men having joined it. It is also gratifying to learn from the report of Mr. A. R on ad a that “ our Christians need no coercion in order to send their children to school, and the school-fees are collected with­ out difficulty.” A pleasing feature of Church-life at Hubli, where we have 625 Christians, is the Young Men’s Association, which at the same time may be termed a Total Abstinence Association. The reading and exposition of Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress afforded excellent opportunity to Mr. B e r l i to impressively explain to the young men the way of salvation. Signs are not wanting that the Spirit of God has His work in the hearts of the young men. There were 5 additions from the heathen during the year. Religious life in the Church at Bettigeri, notwithstanding the poverty of the members, presents many gratifying features. Bible meetings are regularly held on Thursday evenings in a number of Christian homes by the missionary, the pastor, and the several elders. The same is being done for the special benefit of the women by the Bible Women once a week. There is a Y. M. C. A. with a Canarese and an English branch. A Y. W. C. A. meets every Sunday afternoon. The campaign carried on by the leaders of the Church against drunkenness and the wearing of ornaments by women has not been alto­ gether without success. The attendance at the Lord’s Supper is very good, and excommunication from it is deeply felt as a dishonour. The congregation has a membership of 767. Overleaf we give a picture of the church-building and the congregation clustering around it. In addition to the three Churches, named above, there are two congregations in connection with the Mission station at Guledgudd, with a total membership of 626, and a small Christian community in our youngest South Maliratta station, the famous Bijapur, with 77 souls. 8 60

IV. Industrial Work.

The industrial work of the Basel Mission has long been one of its distinguishing features. There was not, however, originally any intention on the part of the founders of our Mission to embark on industrial enterprise. The existence of the factories and establishments is largely due to circumstance, as regards both their modest beginnings and their present con­ siderable development. The almost insur- Why mountable barriers in the way of many Hindus founded? wishing to embrace Christianity, are that by doing so they are not only cut off from their former connections, but also in the majority of cases lose their means of subsistence. This fact gave occasion to the desire, subsequently carried into action, to procure a suitable employ­ ment for our converts. Some of the benefits achieved by the establishment of in­ dustries in connection with Mission work . are the following: the difficulty of crossing the barriers of caste and tradition is lessened by the provision of a means of main- Beneflts. tenance for the converts; people not accus­ tomed to order and regularity are trained to the habits of industry and devotion to duty; the nobility of work is taught in a country, where handicraft has long been despised; opportunities for bringing spiritual and moral in­ fluences to bear on the Christian men and women employed, are offered by our industrial establishments. We will not omit to mention that a material advantage, too, is conferred on the Mission in the shape of a valuable monetary contribution to the Mission treasury. At the same time, we take the opportunity of informing those friends who in view of our industries doubt the urgency of our need of support, that the total pecuniary output of the latter forms but a small part of the total annual expense of the Mission, and, at all events, does not save it from being frequently hampered by large deficits. BASEL MISSION TILE WORKS AT FEROK, NEAR CALICUT. 61

V . Medical Work. The blessing's of our hospitals and dispensaries consist in the first place in the indirect influence of the relief afforded to suffering men and women, and secondly, in the direct preaching of salvation, for which the hospital offers so favourable an opportunity Each day a catechist meets the patients and reads and explains the Bible to those who are waiting for their turn to see the doctor. Many opportunities are also afforded to reach the people in their own homes. The medical missionary is brought very close to the multitudes who seek relief, and he becomes known to the populace for many miles around. The Basel Mission at present possesses only two hospitals, one at Calicut, and one at Bettigeri, South Mahratta. Connected with the former there is a Leper Asylum at Chevayur, near Calicut, a branch hospital at Codacal, and one at Vaniyankulam. The chief hospitals are superintended by the doctors, while the branch hospi­ tals under their supervision, are in charge of hospital assistants. We regret that we have not received this year a report from Dr. S tokes, the medical missionary at Calicut, probably owing to his going on furlough. We are, consequently, not able to give any account of the work done last year by the medical Mission in Malabar. From the report of Dr. Z e r w e c k , our medical missionary for South Mahratta, we take the following items: In the year under review, 2202 patients from 150 neigh­ bouring towns and villages were medically treated after 13,870 consultations. According to race and religion, these out­ patients are classified as follows: 71 Europeans, 66 Eurasians, 968 native Christians, 962 Hindus, and 135 Mohammedans. 230 house visitations were paid by the doctor, 104 by Miss L e m p p, 100 by the first assistant, Mr. P in e h a s R o ber ts, 30 by the second assistant, Mr. A n a n d a K u n d r ig i, 41 by the catechist, Mr. St e p h a n Sa g a r i, the sum total of house visits by the staff of the medical Mission station thus being 505. There were 70 in-patients, attended to in 1075 days of treatment. They were 6 Europeans, 4 Eurasians, 10 native Christians, 35 Hindus, and 15 Mohammedans. Among these patients 58 left the hospital cured, 10 did not stay their full 62 time, and two (including a baby, 7 months old,) died in hospital. Besides surgical treatment of a less important kind 34 per­ sons were operated upon, and of these, 31 operations were at­ tended by complete success. Out hospital establishment has, during the year under review, assumed an entirely new aspect by two large new buildings being in the course of erection and a series of less important alterations and improvements. This means a decided advance in the status of our medical Mission work in South Mahratta.

VI. Literary Achievements.

The work done during the year by our Press at Mangalore, under the superintendence of A. B e ie r b a c h , E sq ., comprises the print of 69 literary compositions with a total output of 498570 copies. We draw special attention to a book on “Indian Botany for Beginners” by the Rev. I. P f l e id e r e r , as well as to the second edition of “Five Hundred Indian Plants” , both oarried through the press last year. The latter book is an alphabetical list of Indian plants, in which their names are given in Latin, English, and several Indian languages, and notes are added regarding their use in medicine and arts. It was originally compiled by two lay- missionaries, Messrs. G. P l e b st and C. Sto lz, and has now been thoroughly revised for the second edition by Mr. Pfleiderer. One of the most gratifying items from a missionary view is the completion, within the year under report, of the revised version of the Canarese New Testament, which has been print­ ed in small type and is consequently neat and handy in volume. Both Testaments of the Canarese Bible are now again available. The print of the Malayalam Bible is hampered by delays caused by the absence in Europe of the Chief Re­ viser, Mr. D il g e r . Notwithstanding this disadvantage, how­ ever, it is being pushed on with all possible despatch. In accomplishing the large amount of work indicated above, our Press lias again added to its reputation for neatness and exactness in print and for general efficiency. On the following pages we give a list of all the books printed during the year under review: 63

LIST OF BOOKS AND TRACTS

printed from the 1st November 1907 to 31st October 19(

to C hE Description of Books Size CÈ eu Edition

I. Canarese.

a) Tracts and Bible Portions. 0

1 The New Testament, revised version II. Cr. 8° 390 2 The Gospel according to Saint Mark revis. Dy. 18° 74 3 Subjects for Consideration II. „ 3 2 ° 16

4 Comfort to the Mourning .... III. V V 16 5 Five and Twenty Temperance Hymns . I. , 12° 24 6 On Sin and Righteousness .... III. * 3 2 ° 20 7 A Moslem’s Autobiography . . I. » 8 “ 148 8 John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Part II I. Cr. 8° 162 9 The Married Life, Part II ...... IV. „ 12° 24 10 Where is your Home? . . . III. , 16° 20 11 Children’s Picture Leail ts Nos. 1 — 8 . I. Foolsc.4° 32

b) Schoolbqpks. 12 Canarese Primer for Infant Standard . XIII. Cr. 8 ° 48 13 Tables of C alculation ...... VIII. Dy. 16° 62

14 A Companion to the Canarese IV Reader III. P 00 68 15 The W ay to Health .... III. Dy. 12° 84 16 First Book of Euclid .... IV. V J) 96 O GO 17 History of India, Bombay edition IV. O 348 18 „ „ Madras edition III. V V 270 19 The P r i m e r ...... VIII. n n 40

20 First Reader...... VIII. n V 64 21 Fifth Reader . . ' . V. V V 112 22 Sixth Reader. III. n v 120

23 Bombay Series, Book 1. III. * t> 90 24 „ H . . III. » » 112 25 n IV . . III. n ji 224 26 , »VI. . II v -n 272

27 Mysore Series, Kannada Balabodlie Part V. •n « 62 VI. 90 28 fl 1) 71 It II » » 29 „ * * Reader I. V. W 71 118

30 „ II. revis. » „ 152

c) Miscellaneous.

31 Discipline in Elementary Schools I. n « 96 32 Five Hundred Indian Plants II. Dy 8° 282 64

Description of Books Size OS

Û- Copies Edition

33 The Canarese Almanac pro 1909 Dy. 8° 64 4100 34 Satyadïpike pro 1907-08 ...... * 4 ° 624 950

II. M&l&yalam.

a) Tracts.

35 The Promises of G o d ...... 11. Dy. 12° 56 2000 36 The Life of Samuel Hebioh ...... I. n » 100 2000 37 Scripture Sentences...... Y. n u 72 2000 38 First Catechism ...... n 24 2000 39 The Heart Book ...... „ 16° £ 4 4000 40 The Sufferings of Christ .... IY. n » 62 2000 41 Prayer in Hinduism and Christianity . II. Cr. 8 ° 176 1000 42 Are the Regenerate without Sin? . II. Dy. 12° 24 2000 43 A short Catechism of the Teachings of the Evang. and Roman Catholic Churches . revis. 120 1000

b) Schoolbooks.

44 The Infant R e a d e r ...... XIII. Q 00 48 30000 45 First Standard Reader . .... IX. n n 62 10000 46 Kindergarten Handbook. . . . I. I) V 60 1500 47 Vyakaranamitram ...... II. n „ 212 4000 48 First R e a d e r ...... IX. v » 64 10000

49 Third R e a d e r ...... V. V 5» 116 5000

50 Seventh Reader ...... II. r» n 174 2500 51 Geography of the Madras Presidency . VII. n n 136 2000 52 Lower Secondary Arithmetic .... I. n '■ n 432 3000

c) Miscellaneous. 53 Malayalam Almanac pro 1909 .... Dy. 8° 72 2000 54 Keralopakâri pro 1907 • ...... n n 192 575

55 Balamitram Nos. 2 — 11 pro 1908 . V 4 ° ' 40 600

III. Tulu.

56 First Catechism ...... IV. Dy. 12° 28 1500

IV. Sanskrit.

57 First Book of Sanskrit in Canarese VI. Dy. 12° 222 4000

V. Anglo-Vernacular.

58 Short and Easy Dialogues in Engl, and Mai. II. Cr. 8 W 52 2000

59 The English Standard Reader, Anglo-Can. Y. n i? 64 5000

*60 „ * v Anglo-Mal, VII. n * 64 4000 65

o

Description, of Books 'S Size Pages 52 Copies

VI. English.

61 Salvation in Hinduism and Christianity . I. Dy. 8 ° 550 1500 62 Glimpses into the Life of Indian Plants I. V V 216 1500 63 Official Gazette No. 12...... » » .12 800 64 The 68th Report of the B. G. E. Mission . n 7J 88 1300 .1 ; 65 Annual Eeport of the Basel Medical Mission

in Calicut...... 7) r 24 125 66 The History of the Parsi High School at

Tellicherry ...... rt n 31 1200

VII. German.

67 Protokoll und Referate der Distrikts-Konfe­ renz von M ala ba r...... B y. 8° 98 160 68 Protokoll und Referate der Distrikts-Konfe­ renz von S ü d -M a h r a t t a ...... n n 78 160 69 “ Das Erntofeld” pro 1907 . 1* v 192 1800

The sales of publications effected by our Mangalore Book and Tract Depository under the superintendence of F. K etjdel, E sq., are enumerated in the following abstract:

1. Our own Publications. Copies. Rs. À8. p. 31,247 Canarese Religious Books 1,610 8 3 1,697 Tulu „ „ 50 10 8 19,326 Malayalam „ 856 9 5 53,310 Canarese School-Books 10,260 0 0 58,344 Malayalam „ „ 10,055 0 0 44,400 Miscellaneous Books, Maps, Pictures, etc. 10,329 0 0 6,535 Bombay Government Books 1,088 0 0 128 Canarese „ „ 48 0 0 46 Malayalam „ „ 15 0 0 2. Other Publications. 3,764 Bibles and Bible Portions 261 4 11 85,000 about, Commission-Sale Books 17,837 0 0 25,000 „ Sundry English and Vernacular Books 11,113 7 8 9 66

The total of copies sold is 328,797, and their value amounts to Rs. 63,524. £. 11.

The Religious Tract Society in London has again been kind enough to come to our assistance with a free grant of 100 reams of double demy printing paper and 12 reams of cover paper, and the National Bible Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, with a grant of £ 10 for our Bible colporteur working in South Canara. To both Societies we .tender our best tlianks for their invaluable assistance and encouragement in this branch of our work.

CONCLUSION One essential matter respecting the cause of Christianity in this land has not yet beer», mentioned, viz.: the lives and actions of its representatives. Various means may be adopted to diffuse religious truth. The first and most important is that the professed Christians, European as'w ell as Indian, be a “living epistle of Christ, known and read of all men.” Let them show what true Christianity is by their life. This is a kind of teaching which few Hindus will fail to understand and to appreciate. How great, then, will be the responsibility of every man and woman that is called after Christ! Let our Indian Christians’ chief object in life become more and more the glory of God and good of their country. Thus will they secure to themselves the greatest amount of happiness here and here­ after, while they will prove a blessing to generations yet unborn.

Arise! for the day is passing1, And you lie dreaming on; Your brothers are cased in armour, And forth to the light are gone! A place in the ranks awaits you; Each man has some part to play, The Past and the Future are nothing Xn the faoe of stern To-day. A. A. P rootkr. I • : Subscriptions and Donations

towards the Mission-Fund

Received during the year 1908.

pzy* All sums received on or after the 1st January 1909 will be acknowledged in the Report of 1909.

'■ ■ ■ 1 ---

MANGALORE. MERCARA. Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P. H. E. Malim, Esq. 50 0 0 Mr. Brady 10 0 0 R. B. Wood, Esq. 5 0 0 H. Hart, Esq 2 0 0 AN AND AP UR. A friend 5 0 0 Towards the Orphanages. Anonymous, Bombay 10 0 0 E. Meynell, Esq. 100 0 0 Through Messrs. Warden & Co., G. Haller, Esq. 75 0 0 Bombay. Aliquis 25 0 0 Mrs. Payne 25 0 0 H. E. The Governor of Bombay 5 0 0 M. Chisholm, Esq. 25 0 0 H. M. 5 0 0 Dr. Ililey 15 0 0 S. J. G. 5 0 0 H. G. Grant, Esq. 12 0 0 O. M. 5 0 0 F. W . Gerard, Esq. 5 0 0 S. G. 5 0 0 ü . Cookerton, Esq- 5 0 0 D. H. G. 5 0 0 E. Egerton, Esq. 3 0 0 R. W . H. 5 0 0 R. G. Hudson, Esq. 3 0 0 H. R. Dunk, Esq. 5 0 0 M. G. Rice, Esq. 2 0 0 H. B. 5 0 0 Mr. Asser Karat 2 0 0 M. R. 5 0 0 G. F. K. 5 0 0 HONAVAR. H. L. K. 5 0 0 R. M. Maxwell, Esq. 15 0 0 M. E. M. 5 0 0 R. S. Pearson, Esq. 10 0 0 P. R. M. 5 0 0 E. W . Proctor Sims, Esq. 10 0 0 H. M. 3 0 0 H. M. Mehta, Esq. 3 0 0 BETTIGERI. B. C. Read, Esq. 3 0 0 N. N. 5 0 0 Mahomed B’bay Datcobhy 2 0 0 GULEDGUDD. H. F. B. 2 0 0 H. Starte, Esq., Assist. Collect. 10 0 0 W . & Co. 25 0 0 BIJAPUR. KASARAGOD. R. Lambert, Esq., Police Sup. 100 0 0 Towards the Poorfund. R. Lambert, Esq,, for Church Ch. Renz, Esq. 29 12 0 decoration 10 0 0 68

Rs. As. P. i. As. P. H. Starte, Esq., Assist. Collector, Mrs. A. Hurst 3 0 0 towards Schools 10 0 0 w . E. Smith 3 0 0 R. Sbeperd, Esq., Collector, w . H. Holt n 3 0 0 towards School prizes 5 0 (. w . Schmidt 3 0 0 N. Yaughton, Esq., Engineer, M. Perkins 3 0 0 towards School prizes 3 0 < * \V Francis 3 0 0 C-pt. Newell 3 0 0 CHÚMBALA. H. Y . 3 0 0 C. T. Puddicombe, Esq. 10 0 0 Mrs. A. W . Campbell 3 0 0 Three Girls 3 0 0 PALGHAT. Mrs. Reed 2 6 0 2 0 0 Mrs. J. E!. Dupen 10 0 0 „ Niblok 2 0 0 „ „ „ in memory A friend 2 0 0 of Mrs. Tomlinson 5 0 0 Miss L. Graham „ Burr 2 0 0 Glyn Barlow, Esq., for hospital 2 0 0 or poors 5 0 0 Major Marshal 2 0 0 W . R. Pate, Esq. 5 0 0 H. D. Wilbraham, Esq. Mrs. R. H. Proudlock 2 0 0 2 0 0 Mrs. N. Mumford 1 8 0 Honourable Mr. G. Stokes 30 0 0 TI. E. Brookes, Esq. 1 4 0 „ » M. Ilammik 15 0 0 Mrs. Boggie 1 0 0 Col. Stevenson 12 0 0 „ Nangle 1 0 0 Miss Gell 12 0 0 J. K . James, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. Schnarre 12 0 0 1 0 0 L. K . 12 0 0 M. Mathan, Esq. 1 0 0 G. Claasen, Esq. 12 0 0 Miss C. Elwin 1 0 0 Mrs. F. Groves 12 0 0 E. M. P. 1 0 0 „ C. Cart man 11 0 0 C. M. L. 1 0 0 „ A . B. Elwes 11 0 0 Friends 1 0 0 H. H. The Maharaja of Mysore 10 0 0 Rev. J- Kieworth 1 0 0 Mrs. W . Cruickshank 8 8 0 D. E. Lockwood, Esq. „ C. A. Smith 7 0 0 W . M. Theobald, Esq. 1 0 0 0 „ N. Pearse 7 0 0 Rev. W . Joss 1 0 „ A . Adie 6 0 0 Mrs.. Joss 1 0 0 0 * T. J. Wilson 6 0 0 J. D. Curts, Esq. 1 0 D. R. Logan, Esq. 6 0 0 H. Wiens, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. W . S. Snow 6 0 0 John Dussmann, Esq. 1 0 0 C. B. Barclay, Esq. 6 0 0 Mrs. Parsons 1 0 0 Mrs. Guthrie 5 8 0 M. Light, Esq. 1 0 0 „ M. Copcutt 5 8 0 Messrs. Heath and son 1 0 0 „ McMurray 5 0 0 E. H. Schnarre, E3q. 1 0 0 Miss A . E. Daniels 5 0 0 C. Hadfield, Esq. 1 0 0 J. Wolfe Murray, Esq. 5 0 0 Crumbs 1 0 0 Rev. T. Walker 5 0 0 Mrs. Dangar 1 0 0 Mrs. Padfield 5 0 0 „ J. A . Cowdell 1 0 0 A . E. Richter, Esq. 4 8 0 E. D. Fowler, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. G. C. Stewart 4 8 0 Mrs. Galetti 1 0 0 J. C. Sebastian, Esq. 4 0 0 „ J. H. Wapshere 1 0 0 Col. & Mrs. Lynn 3 12 0 J. Martin, Esq. 1 0 0 Eric W., Esq. 3 8 0 K. A. H. 1 0 0 0 0 Master Bob Curtis 3 4 0 Mrs. E. Walsh 1 0 Mrs. A. Butters 3 0 0 Miss L- Bosinger 1 0 69

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. p. A wellwisher 1 0 0 W . S. Snow, Esq. 5 0 0 E. M. S. 1 0 0 Kaity Bajana 4 0 0 Mrs. McMorris 1 0 0 Mr. M. S. Gnanapragasam, S. G. Eos, Esq. 1 0 0 Kotagiri 2 0 0 A friend 0 12 0 Thanks-offering of Martha 0 10 0 Mrs. J. Ilorlik 0 12 0 „ „ „ Abraham 0 8 0 Miss A . Sherraann 0 8 0 Mrs. Merglen 0 8 0 KALHATTI. „ A. Aickin 0 8 0 John Liebenrood, Esq., towards C. N. 0 4 0 the salary of Cat. Hins Mrs. T. K. Smith 0 4 0 Isaac at Nellakotta 150 9 0 A poor friend 0 2 0 I. McKenzie, Esq. 12 0 4 M. H. 0 2 0 E. Hardy, Esq. 12 0 0 Rev- Morton 5 0 0 COONOOR. H. Sheldrick, Esq. 5 0 0 A . N. Groves, Esq. 30 0 0 T. Nicies, Esq. 5 0 0 T. W . Bell, Esq. 20 0 0 A. Pigott, Esq. 5 0 0 Baroness E. V. Engelhardt 5 0 0 C. B. Barclay, Esq. 4 0 0 Eev. H. Griilliford 5 0 0 F. W. Fletcher, Esq. 3 0 0 Rev. B. A. W ard 5 0 0 B. A . Barber, Esq. 2 0 0 Mrs. Nash 5 0 0 C. Miller, Esq. 2 0 0 Tli. Eagen, Esq. 3 0 0 Ch. Stocking, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. Byng 3 0 0 W . Brown, Esq. 1 0 0 G. Dashe, Esq. 2 0 0 P. T. Anderson, Esq. 1 0 0 Mrs. Th. Brown 2 0 0 E. E. H. 1 0 0 „ P. H. England 1 0 0 H. Dashe, Esq. 1 0 0 KOTAGIRI. A friend 1 0 0 Frank V. W . Groves, Esq. 100 0 0 Rev. V. G. Gcetzsche 5 0 0 Towards the Cooly Mission. „ J. Andersen 2 0 0 Hillgrove Estate 120 0 0 „ M. Nielsen 1 0 0 Pilloor Estate 60 0 0 Miss Lindeburg 1 0 0 Benhope Estate 60 0 0 E. A. Fennell, Esq. 5 0 0 A . N. Groves, Esq. 36 0 0 Rev. Dr. I. C. Schmidt 2 0 0 C. N. Stephenson, Esq. 11 0 0 „ „ J. H. Harpster 2 0 0 Glendale Estate 5 0 0 „ E. H. Lewis 1 0 0 Th. Brown, Esq. 5 0 0 Hillside cottage 5 0 0 Glendale Mission Box 4 11 0 Rev. J. Bittmann 1 0 0 T. D. Jeremiah, Esq. 3 8 0 Mrs- Gerdes 2 0 0 Mr. J. David 2 0 0 „ Andrew 2 0 0 P. B. 1 0 0 Miss F. E. M. Roger 1 0 0 N. N. 0 8 0 Rev. Woodhouse 2 0 0 „ Hornbeck 5 0 0 KAITY. A . Stevens, Esq. 5 0 0 Towards Kaity Church Building. Mrs. Thompson 3 0 0 Proceeds of Kaity Harvest Frank Cockburn, Esq. 5 0 0 Festival 126 1 0 W . A . Cherry, Esq. 10 0 0 Sale of Post cards 36 1 6 W . Deane, Esq. 6 0 0 By Kotagiri Congregation 11 1 10 J. B. Vernede, Esq. 2 0 0 Mrs. Th. Kaundinya 10 0 0 F. G. Lechler, Esq. 3 0 0 Tuneri Harvest Festival 9 12 10 T. Clarke, Esq. 5 0 0 Thanks-offering of Mr. Joseph Miss M. B. L. Cockburn 20 0 0 Kali 6 0 0 Mrs. D. Cockburn 25 0 0 70

Rs. As. p. Rs. As. P. In memoriam G. 11. C. 10 0 0 Miss Holloway 1 0 0 Miss Norl'or 2 0 0 Mrs. Johnston 2 0 0 W . H. Scott, Esq. 2 0 0 Ladies Work Meeting, through Offering in the English Church Mrs. E. Cockburn 175 0 0 Kota, through J. Clarke, Esq. 17 0 0 Mrs. Griffith 2 0 0 Mrs. Windle 1 0 0 „ Leonard 2 0 0 D. Cookburn, Esq. 10 0 0 „ Groves 2 0 0

Donations from members of the Congregation and other Native Friends.

MANGALORE. Towards the Poorfund. Rs. As. P. Rs. As Messrs. L. Joshua & Sons 60 0 0 Mr. G. Roberts 5 0 Mr. P. Arnone 10 8 0 „ Theophil Ramappa 5 0 0 BASRUR. „ Silas Gold 3 0 0 Mr. Matthseus Tolar 10 0 N. N. 2 0 0 D. S. 0 8 Mr. Jes. Andrews 1 0 0 N.. N ., Bantwal 1 0 0 KASARAGOD. I. A. 1 0 0 Mr. Yenkatramana Poi 6 0 Little Yictoria 0 10 8 „ I. Sunita 1 0 „ D. Suchitta 1 0 Towards the Poorfund. Mission School Bekal 0 13 Missionaries 47 8 0 „ „ Hosadurga 1 2 Mr. X. Pearl 30 0 0 Messrs. L. Joshua & Sons 6 0 0 PUTTUR. Mr. Th. Ramappa 6 0 0 Mr. Lemuel Soens 1 0 „ Th. Roberts 5 0 0 „ Heaekiel Bangera 0 8 „ J. Herbert 2 0 0 N. N. 1 0 Christians at Gabkal 10 11 0 Girl’s School 2 1 3 Towards the Poorfund. MOOLKY Mr. Lemuel Soens 1 0 G. S. 1 0 0 „ Hesekiel Bangera 0 8 J. F. 0 4 0 Ch. S. 1 0 0 ANANDAPUR. I. E. 1 0 0 Mr. Asser Karat 1 0 A. 0 4 0 „ Sat. Sumanta^ 1 0 Congregation 10 10 0 „ Im. John 1 0 Thanks-Offerings 3 0 0 „ Chin. Soens 1 0 Lanterna Magica 2 14 0 „ Zach. Bhasker 1 0 Weavers’ Mission box 1 0 0 „ Felix Hans 1 0 Orphanage box 2 0 0 „ N. N. 0 6

Towards the Poorfund. HONAVAR. I. J. 6 0 0 Mr. Tippaya Karenayaka 5 0 „ Samuel Bunyan 1 0 UDIPI. „ Joseph Bangera 1 0 Ii. S. 1 0 0 „ Jason Challa 1 0 71

Rs. As. P. CALICUT. Mr. David W atsa 1 0 0 R S. \.s. P. B Benjamin Salins 1 0 0 M. J. 2 0 0 Mr. X. Hermon 1 0 0 HUBLI. „ J. E. Jacobi 0 8 0 Mr. Salorao Tarupatyagara 7 0 0 „ S. Martin 0 8 0 „ Timothy Dhawale 4 0 0 D. V. D. 0 8 0 „ Salomo Gundimi 3 1 6 Some Offering boxes 4 10 0 „ Manuel Nimbalkar 3 0 0 „ David Jesudasa 2 0 0 CODACAL. „ Shanta Budigi 2 0 0 N. N. 2 0 0 „ Bhasme 2 0 0 „ Job TJppara 1 0 6 PALGHAT. * Abraham Medagoppa 1 0 0 Mr. G. D. Manikkaur 5 0 0 „ Satya Saranagowda 1 0 0 „ P. T. Chinnaswami Billay, „ Bhoja Krishna 1 0 0 Chairman of Municipality 1 0 0 „ Nijaguna Medappa 1 0 0 „ K. Krishna, Civil Apotheo. 1 0 0 „ Devadana Jogina 1 0 0 „ Mallanagouda 1 0 0 KAITY. „ Tota y a 1 0 0 Mr. Jogi Maistry 6 4 0 Members of the Unakallu „ K. Nanthu 3 0 0 Congregation 1 3 3 „ R. Barnabas 3 0 0 „ Mose Kari 2 0 •0 GULEDGUDD. „ Kalamada Maistry 2 0 0 Rev. Devadana Katapur 10 0 0 „ S. Benjamin 2 0 0 Mr. Ananda Banna 2 0 0 „ H. Shantappen 1 8 0 Martha Mirjigar (Thanks- Rev. Yedamuttu 1 4 0 offering) 1 4 0 Mr. Sliantappaya 1 0 0 Mr. Bhagyavanta Alada 1 0 0 „ Andrew Veera 1 0 0 v John Kari 1 0 0 „ A. B. Mose 1 0 0 „ Shripada Kenchanagauda 1 0 0 „ T. A. Ephraim 1 0 0 , Hanoeh Eden 0 8 0 „ Paul Jesudasan 1 0 0 Maria Kushala 0 8 0 „ Alex. Paul 1 0 0 Amrutti Rewanike 0 4 0 „ Jesudasan Paul 1 0 0 Members of Mushtigeri eongr 2 3 8 „ Jeshaya Konga 1 0 0 From sundries 4 10 0 „ Aaron Titus 1 0 0 „ Ramaswamy Naidu 1 0 0 CANKANORE. „ J. Peter 1 0 0 * Christian Paul 0 Miss Georgine Furtati 6 0 0 1 0 0 Mr. M. Belmont 5 0 0 „ Malli Maistry 1 0 Weavers’ Mission Box 40 14 3 „ B. Kongan 1 0 0 , Thatagouda Maistry 1 0 0 „ Bellagoudan 1 0 0 TELLICHERRY. „ Hosea Devadasa 1 0 0 Mr. Hanoch Tamarascheri 5 0 0 „ Kascoola Maistry 1 0 0 „ Satyanathan 1 0 0 „ Maduranayagam 0 8 0 Collection through the students n Bella Maistry 0 8 0 of the Nettur Seminary 16 1 11 „ Sandosham 0 8 0 From sundries 2 0 0 „ D. Madia Maistry 0 8 0 „ Kalla Maistry 0 8 0 CHOMBALA. „ N. Nanjiah 0 8 0 Miss Lydia Fadiath 1 0 0 „ Shakole Maistry 0 8 0 Congregation 20 0 0 » A. Jesudasan 0 8 0 72

Rs. As. P. Rs. As. P Mr. Padagoudan 0 8 0 Mr. Jogi Manyagara 1 0 0 Samuel Sele 0 8 0 „ Chevanna Kamam 1 0 0 Mrs . P. Samuel 0 8 0 „ Georg Halli 1 0 0 Mr. Siromani 0 8 0 „ Isaac Nare 1 0 0 T. K. David 0 8 0 „ Hutcha Gorea 1 0 0 Chr. Ananda 0 8 0 „ D. Jeremiah 1 0 0 P. Jesudasan 0 8 0 „ David, Writer 1 0 0 Gnanasigamany 0 4 0 „ Devaputra 0 8 0 Jacob Nerkambe 0 4 0 „ Jesayah Daniel 0 8 0 ,, Jacob Stephen 0 4 0 A Christian 0 8 0 K. Satyanathan 0 4 0 D. Selvanayagam Pillai 0 4 0 KOTAGIRI. Lingiah 0 4 0 Collection Girls’ Orphanage 3 0 0 Henry Enoch 0 4 0 „ „ Sunday School children 5 2 3 0 0 51 Dorarajah 4 Mistress Gracy 1 8 0 Kada Maistry 0 4 0 7) Postman M. Bella, Sow da r 0 2 0 0 4 0 71 M. Pitcho Mr. V. Gnanapragasam, 0 4 0 S. Joseph Teacher 3 0 0 0 4 0 * A . Samuel „ Salathiel Soens, Catechist 2 0 0 * D. Zachariab 0 4 0, „ R. P. Solomon, Writer 2 0 0 2 „ A. Gnanamany 0 0 „ Matthias Bella, Catechist 3 0 0 * C. Vedanayagam 0 2 0 „ Calvin Mully, Teacher 1 0 0 M. liaidu 0 2 0 „ M. S. Gnanapraga am, 2 „ Chellathuraj 0 0 Teacher 3 0 0 ft P. D. Sigamony 0 1 0 „ Joseph Belli, Teacher 2 0 0 _ I-aac Adsha, „ 0 8 0 Towards Orphanage. Mi-'tress Davamani Elisabeth 1 0 0 Mr. T. David, Writer 5 0 0 Mr. M. Caleb, Catechist 1 0 0 77 K. Kongan 5 0 0 Widow Lydia Benjamin 0 4 0 Biblewoman Hanna 1 0 0 KALHATTI. „ Christina 1 0 0 Mr.Hans Isaac 2 0 0 Mr. D. Gnanapragasam, Teach. 0 8 0 „ Joseph Jacob 2 0 0 Collection Y . M. C. A. Kotagiri 1 0 0 „ M. Bhagyanatlian 1 8 0 Mr. Christian Adsha, Catechist 2 0 0 n John Philip 1 8 0 „ Manasse Bella, Headmaster 3 0 0 „ A. Pereira 1 4 0 „ Shanta, Teacher 2 0 0 „ Paul Mada 1 0 0 Biblewoman Rahel Henry 1 0 (» r Samuel 1 0 0 Widow Helene Bala 0 8 0

E. & 0 . E.

Mangalore, 31st December 1908.

J. Sieber, Treasurer.